Ud`vers`gag

I`fncafada ge
Vad D`fcbás ge N`gabjc
Lafubtag ge @djed`eréa Quéi`fa

G`señc ge Exper`iedtcs

Warea 7. Fcdtrastes crtcjcdabes y g`señc ge

eleftcs abeatcr`cs

]rclescr8 G[. IA[FC ADWCD@C IA[W@DEX

F@DFC
Veff`öd =; Veiestre \
Abuidc8 @zqu`ergc \ázquez Adgrea
Adgrea Varané
Varané

17 ge dcv`eikre geb ;=;=.

1;-;= Use eb iàtcgc ge ba BVG ge L`sner fcd α9=.=5 para adab`zar bas ieg`as ge bas tres vebcf`gages
ge lbuhc geb eherf`f`c 1;-;

Eherf`f`c 1;-; Ed ‒g`señc crtcjcdab para cpt`i`zaf`öd ge prcfescs y su apb`faf`öd ed eb jrakagc

quéi`fc fcd pbasia’ (Vcb`g Vtate Wefndcbcjy), J.X. P`d y G.Z. H`bb`e gesfr`ked ud exper`iedtc para
geteri`dar eb eleftc ge vebcf`gag ge lbuhc geb F;L< sckre ba ud`lcri`gag geb jrakagc
jr akagc quéi`fc ed uda
ckbea ge s`b`f`c usaga para lakr`far f`rfu`tcs `dtejragcs. Ve usad tres vebcf`gages ge lbuhc ed eb
exper`iedtc, y ba ud`lcri`gag resubtadte (ed pcrf`edtc) ge se`s repb`fas se iuestra akahc
Lbuhc ge Ckservaf`cdes
F;L< 1 ; 6 7 5 <
1;5 ;.: 7.< ;.< 6.= 6.; 6.>
1<= 7.0 7.< 5.= 7.; 6.< 7.;
;== 7.< 6.7 ;.0 6.5 7.1 5.1

VCBUF@ÖD

Usadgc i`d`tak se t`ede que duestrc ADC\A dcs resubta

Adabys`s cl \ar`adfe

Vcurfe GL Agh VV Agh IV L-\abue ]-\abue

Laftcr ; 6.<7> 1.>;60 6.50 =.=56
Errcr 15 :.<6= =.5=>:
Wctab 1: 11.;:>

Icgeb Vuiiary

V [-sq [-sq(agh) [-sq(preg)

=.:16;=0 6;.67% ;6.6;% ;.5>%

Ieads

Laftcr D Iead VtGev 05% F@

1;5 < 6.61: =.:<= (;.<0<, 6.06:)
1<= < 7.71: =.5;6 (6.:0<, 5.=6:)
;== < 6.066 =.>;1 (6.616, 7.557)
]ccbeg VtGev 9 =.:16;=0

P ab fciparar var`adzas fcd ba prueka ge BVG ge L`sner se ckt`ede

L`sner ]a`rw`se Fcipar`scds

Jrcup`dj @dlcriat`cd Us`dj tne L`sner BVG Ietncg adg 05% Fcdl`gedfe

Laftcr D Iead Jrcup`dj

1<= < 7.71: A
;== < 6.066 A K
1;5 < 6.61: K

Ieads tnat gc dct snare a better are s`jd`l`fadtby g`lleredt.

Ab reafcicgar ba BVG ge L`sner
Laftcr D Iead Jrcup`dj
1;5 < 6.61: K
1<= < 7.71: A
;== < 6.066 A K

Wed`edgc que

Estc dcs g`fe que bas g`leredf`as edtre 1;5 y 1<= nay uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte, refnazc N =. Edtre
1;5 y ;== dc ex`ste uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte, afeptc N=. P, pcr øbt`ic, edtre 1<= y ;== dc ex`ste
uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte, afeptc N=.
 1;-;1 Fcds`gere eb exper`iedtc ge ba vebcf`gag ge lbuhc geb jas gesfr`tc ed eb eherf`f`c 1;-;. Vupcdja
que 1;5 VFFI es uda vebcf`gag ge lbuhc estádgar. Vuj`era ud fcdhudtc ge fcdtrastes cftcjcdabes
que seréad aprcp`agcs para ba fciparaf`öd ge bas ieg`as. Naja eb adáb`s`s usadgc α9=.=5

Lbuhc ge Ckservaf`cdes
F;L< 1 ; 6 7 5 <
1;5 ;.: 7.< ;.< 6.= 6.; 6.>
1<= 7.0 7.< 5.= 7.; 6.< 7.;
;== 7.< 6.7 ;.0 6.5 7.1 5.1

Lbuhc geF;L< Ckservaf`cdes

1 ; 6 7 5 < suia Vuia ge
fuagragcs
1;5 ;.: 7.< ;.< 6 6.; 6.> 10.0 <>.>0
1<= 7.0 7.< 5 7.; 6.< 7.; ;<.5 11>.71
;== 7.< 6.7 ;.0 6.5 7.1 5.1 ;6.< 0<.;
:= ;>6.5

Fcdtrastes cftcjcdabes

N=8 1/6β1+β69;β; ↛ 1/6β1+β6-;β;9=

N=8 6β19;β;+=.5β6 ↛ 6β1-;β;-=.5β69=

N=8
1.66β;+=.5β69β1 ↛ 1.66β;+=.5β6-β19=

y1. y; y6
F1 1 6 -<

F; -6 ; =.5
F6 -1 1.66666666 =.5

d <
VUI(f`y`) VUI(f`T;)
1 -7;.; 7<
; 5.1 16.;5
6 ;:.;666666 6.=;:::::>
Adáb`s`s ge
var`adza ge
ud laftcr

[EVUIED
Jrupcs Fuedta Vuia ]rcieg`c \ar`adza

1;5
1<= <
< 10.0
;<.5 6.61<<<<<:
7.71<<<<<: =.5::<<<<:
=.;:6<<<<:
;== < ;6.< 6.06666666 =.<:7<<<<:

ADÁB@V@V GE
\A[@ADXA
Cr`jed ge ]rcieg`c
bas Vuia ge Jragcs ge ge bcs \abcr frét`fc
var`af`cdes fuagragcs b`kertag fuagragcs L ]rckak`b`gag para L FCDFBUV@ÖD
Edtre
jrupcs 6.<7:::::> ; 1.>;6>>>>0 6.5>5<;<01 =.=566<516 6.<>;6;=67 afeptc n=
F1 <.75;61>>7 1 <.75;61>>7 1;.<>7:<>7 =.==;>71 7.576=::1: refnazc n=
F; =.6;:1<0>1 1 =.6;:1<0>1 =.<7610=0> =.765=:001 7.576=::1: afeptc n=
F6 7=.>;5=156 1 7=.>;5=156 >=.;5>>:<: ;.=>=;E-=: 7.576=::1: refnazc n=
Gedtrc ge
bcs jrupcs :.<6 15 =.5=><<<<:

Wctab 11.;:::::> 1:
1;-;; Use eb iàtcgc ge ba BVG ge L`sner fcd α9=.=5 para adab`zar ba res`stedf`a ge fcipres`öd ieg`a
ge bas fuatrc tàfd`fas ge iezfbagc geb eherf`f`c 1;-6

1;.6 Ve estug`a ba res`stedf`a a ba res`stedf`a a ba fcipres`öd geb fcdfretc, y se `dvest`jad fuatrc

tàfd`fas ge iezfbagc g`leredtes. Ve nad ckted`gc bcs s`ju`edtes gatcs8

Wàfd`fa ge [es`stedf`a a ba fcipreds`öd (ps`)

iezfbagc
1 61;0 6=== ;><5 ;>0=
; 6;== 66== ;0:5 615=
6 ;>== ;0== ;0>5 6=5=
7 ;<== ;:== ;<== ;:<5

VCBUF@ÖD

Usadgc i`d`tak se t`ede que duestrc ADC\A dcs resubta

Adabys`s cl \ar`adfe

Vcurfe GL Agh VV Agh IV L-\abue ]-\abue

Laftcr 6 7>0:7= 1<6;7: 1;.:6 =.===
Errcr 1; 1560=> 1;>;<
Wctab 15 <76<7>

Icgeb Vuiiary

V [-sq [-sq(agh) [-sq(preg)

116.;51 :<.=0% :=.11% 5:.70%

Ieads

Laftcr D Iead VtGev 05% F@

1 7 ;0:1.= 1;=.< (;>7:.<, 6=07.7)
; 7 615<.6 16<.= (6=6;.0, 6;:0.<)
6 7 ;066.> 1=>.6 (;>1=.7, 6=5:.1)
7 7 ;<<<.6 >1.= (;57;.0, ;:>0.<)

]ccbeg VtGev 9 116.;51

Eb ADC\A dcs geiuestra que bas ieg`as dc scd `juabes.

P ab fciparar var`adzas fcd ba prueka ge BVG ge L`sner se ckt`ede

L`sner ]a`rw`se Fcipar`scds

Jrcup`dj @dlcriat`cd Us`dj tne L`sner BVG Ietncg adg 05% Fcdl`gedfe

Laftcr D Iead Jrcup`dj

; 7 615<.6 A
1 7 ;0:1.= K
6 7 ;066.> K
7 7 ;<<<.6 F

Ieads tnat gc dct snare a better are s`jd`l`fadtby g`lleredt.

Ab reafcicgar ba BVG ge L`sner
Laftcr D Iead Jrcup`dj
1 7 ;0:1.= K
; 7 615<.6 A
6 7 ;066.> K
7 7 ;<<<.6 F

Ieads tnat gc dct snare a better are s`jd`l`fadtby g`lleredt.

Wed`edgc que

Estc dcs g`fe que bas g`leredf`as edtre 1 y ; nay uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte,
s`jd`l`fadte, refnazc N =. Edtre 1 y 6

dc
N=. ex`ste
Edtre ;uda
y 6g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte,
nay uda g`leredf`a afeptc Nrefnazc
s`jd`l`fadte,
=. Edtre 1 y 7 nay uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte,
s`jd`l`fadte,
N=. Edtre ; y 7 nay uda g`leredf`a refnazc
s`jd`l`fadte,
refnazc N=. P, pcr øbt`ic, edtre 6 y 7 nay
n ay uda g`leredf`a s`jd`l`fadte,
s`jd`l`fadte, refnazc N=.
 1;-;< ]rcpcdja ud fcdhudtc ge fcdtrastes crtcjcdabes
cr tcjcdabes para fciparar bas ieg`as geb eherf`f`c 1;-
<. Adab`fe estcs fcdtrastes usadgc α9=.=1 y saque fcdfbus`cdes

1;.< Ve geteri`dö eb t`eipc ge respuesta ed i`b`sejudgcs ge tres g`leredtes t`pcs ge f`rfu`tcs ge

uda fabfubagcra ebeftröd`fa. Bcs resubtagcs luercd bcs s`ju`edtes8

W@]C GE F@[FU@WC [EV]UEVWA

1 10 ;; ;= 1> ;5
; ;= ;1 66 ;: 7=
6 1< 15 1> ;< 1:

W@]C GE VUIA GE
[EV]UEVWA
F@[FU@WC VUIA FUAG[AGCV

1 10 ;; ;= 1> ;5
1=7 ;107
; ;= ;1 66 ;: 7= 171 7;50
6 1< 15 1> ;< 1: 0; 1::=
VUIA
WCWAB 66: >;;6

Fcdtrastes cftcjcdabes
N=8 β19β6 ↛ β1-β69=

N=8 β;9β1+1.5β6 ↛ β;-β1-1.5β69=

N=8 ;β;9β1+β6 ↛ ;β;-β1-β69=
N=8 6β;9;β1+;β6 ↛ 6β;-;β1-;β69=

F1 y1. 1 y; = y6
-1
-
F; -1 ; 1.5

F6 ; -1 -1
F7 -; 6 -;

d 5
VUI(f`y`) VUI(f`T;)
1 1; ;

; 7= :.;5
6 -;5 <
 7 61 1:

Adáb`s`s ge
var`adza ge
ud laftcr

[EVUIED
Jrupcs Fuedta Vuia ]rcieg`c \ar`adza
1 5 1=7 ;=.> :.:
; 5 171 ;>.; :=.:
6 5 0; 1>.7 10.6

ADÁB@V@V
GE
\A[@ADXA
Cr`jed ge ]rcieg`c
bas Vuia ge Jragcs ge ge bcs \abcr frét`fc
var`af`cdes fuagragcs b`kertag fuagragcs L ]rckak`b`gag para L
Edtre
jrupcs ;<=.066666 ; 16=.7<<<<: 7.==<171;5 =.=7<7>775 <.0;<<=>17 Afeptc N=
F1 17.7 1 17.7 =.77;1<001 =.51><5;<1 7.170=0:75 Afeptc N=
F; 77.16:061 1 77.16:061 1.65561==< =.;<<0:50: 7.170=0:75 Afeptc N=
F6 ;=.>666666 1 ;=.>666666 =.<60:1671 =.7606<11 7.170=0:75 Afeptc N=
F7 11.6=5>>;7 1 11.6=5>>;7 =.67:1<11> =.5<<<51:0 7.170=0:75 Afeptc N=
Gedtrc ge
bcs jrupcs 60=.> 1; 6;.5<<<<<:

Wctab <51.:66666 17
1;-61 Uda lákr`fa ge text`bes t`ede ud jrad døierc ge tebares. Ve supcde que faga tebar t`ede ba
i`sia prcguff`öd ge teba pcr i`dutc. ]ara `dvest`jar
`dv est`jar este supuestc, se eb`jed f`dfc tebares ab azar
y se i`ge su prcguff`öd ed t`eipcs g`leredtes. Ve cktuv`ercd bcs s`ju`edtes gatcs8

WEBA[ ][CGUFF@ÖD (bk/i`d)

1 7.= 7.1 7.; 7.= 7.1
; 6.0 6.> 6.0 7.= 7.=
6 7.1 7.; 7.1 7.= 6.0
7 6.< 6.> 7.= 6.0 6.:
5 6.> 6.< 6.0 6.> 7.=

a) ³Bcs tebares t`eded uda prcguff`öd s`i`bar3 Use α9=.=5

k) Est`ie ba var`ak`b`gag edtre bcs tebares
f) Est`ie ba var`adza geb errcr exper`iedtab
g) Adab`fe bcs res`guabes ge este exper`iedtc y ver`l`que ba agefuaf`öd geb icgebc

VCBUF@ÖD

Usadgc i`d`tak se ckt`ede que8

Ietncg
Laftcr fcg`dj (-1, =, +1)
Laftcr @dlcriat`cd
Laftcr Wype Bevebs \abues
WEBA[ [adgci 5 1, ;, 6, 7, 5

Ve cktuvc eb ADC\A8
Adabys`s cl \ar`adfe

Vcurfe GL Agh VV Agh IV L-\abue ]-\abue

WEBA[ 7 =.671< =.=>57= 5.:: =.==6
Errcr ;= =.;0<= =.=17>=
Wctab ;7 =.<6:<

Icgeb Vuiiary
V [-sq [-sq(agh) [-sq(preg)
=.1;1<55 56.5>% 77.;0% ;:.7<%

Fcell`f`edts
Weri Fcel VE Fcel W-\abue ]-\abue
Fcdstadt 6.06<= =.=;76 1<1.:: =.===
WEBA[
1 =.177= =.=7>: ;.0< =.==>
; -=.=1<= =.=7>: -=.66 =.:7<
6 =.1;7= =.=7>: ;.55 =.=10
7 -=.16<= =.=7>: -;.:0 =.=11

[ejress`cd Equat`cd

][CGUFF@ÖD (bk/i`d) 9 6.06<= + =.177= WEBA[S1 - =.=1<= WEBA[S; + =.1;7= WEBA[S6

- =.16<= WEBA[S7 - =.11<= WEBA[S5

Equat`cd treats radgci teris as tncujn tney are l`xeg.

L`ts adg G`ajdcst`fs lcr Udusuab Ckservat`cds

][CGUFF@ÖD
Cks (bk/i`d) L`t [es`g Vtg [es`g
;; 6.<=== 6.>;== -=.;;== -;.=; [

[ Barje res`guab

Expefteg Iead Vquares, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Expefteg Iead Vquare
Vcurfe lcr Eafn Weri
1 WEBA[ (;) + 5.==== (1)
; Errcr (;)

Errcr Weris lcr Wests, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Vydtnes`s
Vcurfe Errcr GL Errcr IV cl Errcr IV
1 WEBA[ ;=.== =.=17> (;)

Ve cktuv`ercd bas var`adzas

\ar`adfe Fcipcdedts, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Vcurfe \ar`adfe % cl Wctab VtGev % cl Wctab

WEBA[ =.=171; 7>.>;% =.11>>;> <0.>:%
Errcr =.=17> 51.1>% =.1;1<55 :1.57%
Wctab =.=;>0; =.1:==50

Bc fuab dcs g`fe que ba var`adza ge bcs tebares es =.=171;, ba var`adza geb errcr es =.=17> y ba
var`adza tctab es =.=;>0;
Ckted`edgc bas jrál`fas8

Ba fuab dcs ga a fcdcfer que esta pasa ba prueka ge dcriab`gag.

Apb`fadgc ba prueka ge Kcdlerrcd`

West lcr Equab \ar`adfes8 ][CGUFF@ÖD (bk/i`d) versus WEBA[

Ietncg

Dubb nypctnes`s Abb var`adfes are equab

Abterdat`ve
V`jd`l`fadfenypctnes`s
beveb At
α 9 beast
=.=5 cde var`adfe
var`adfe `s g`lleredt

Kartbett‐s ietncg `s useg. Wn`s ietncg `s affurate lcr dcriab gata cdby.

05% Kcdlerrcd` Fcdl`gedfe @dtervabs lcr Vtadgarg Gev`at`cds

WEBA[ D VtGev F@
1 5 =.=>6<<< (=.=767=:<, =.6<::05)
; 5 =.=>6<<< (=.=767=:<, =.6<::05)
6 5 =.117=1> (=.=50157<, =.5=1;10)
7 5 =.15>117 (=.=>;=6;:, =.<05=<<)
5 5 =.17>6;7 (=.=:<0565, =.<5;=6=)

@dg`v`guab fcdl`gedfe beveb 9 00%

Wests

West
Ietncg Vtat`st`f ]-\abue
Kartbett ;.5: =.<6;

West lcr Equab \ar`adfes8 ][CGUFF@ÖD (bk/i`d) vs WEBA[

Kartbett s West
‐

1 ]-
]-\a
\abu
buee =.<6
=.<6;;

[
A
B 6
E
W

=.= =.1 =.; =.6 =.7 =.5 =.< =.:

05% Kcdlerrcd` Fcdl`gedfe @dtervabs lcr VtGevs
1;-6; Ed ud artéfubc ge Hcurdab cl tne Ebeftrcfnei`fab Vcf`ety (\cb. 160, Dc.;, pp.5;7
pp.5;7-56;)
-56;) se
gesfr`ke ud exper`iedtc para `dvest`jar ba gepcs`f`öd ge vapcr ge kaha pres`öd geb pcb`s`b`f`c. Eb
exper`iedtc se reab`zö ed ud reaftcr ge abta fapaf`gag ed Aust`d, Wexas. Eb reaftcr t`ede var`as
pcs`f`cdes ge bas ckbeas y se sebeff`cdarcd ab azar fuatrc ge estas pcs`f`cdes. Ba var`akbe ge
respuesta es ba ud`lcri`gag geb espescr geb refukr`i`edtc. Ve fcrr`ercd tres ràpb`fas geb
exper`iedtc y bcs gatcs luercd bcs s`ju`edtes8

]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea Ud`lcri`gag

1 ;.:< 5.<: 7.70
; 1.76 1.:= ;.10
6 ;.67 1.0: 1.7:
7 =.07 1.6< 1.<5

a) ³Nay abjuda g`leredf`a ed bas pcs`f`cd es ge bas ckbeas3 Use α9=.=5

k) Est`ie ba var`ak`b`gag gek`ga a ba pcs`f`öd ge bas ckbeas.
f) Est`ie eb fcipcdedte geb errcr abeatcr`c
g) Adab`fe bcs res`guabes ge este exper`iedtc y fciedte ba agefuaf`öd geb icgebc

VCBUF@ÖD

Usadgc i`d`tak cktedeics que

Ietncg

Laftcr fcg`dj (-1, =, +1)

Laftcr @dlcriat`cd
Laftcr Wype Bevebs \abues
]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea [adgci 7 1, ;, 6, 7

Ve t`ede eb s`ju`edte ADC\A

Adabys`s cl \ar`adfe

Vcurfe GL Agh VV Agh IV L-\abue ]-\abue

]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea 6 1<.;;= 5.7=<< >.;0 =.==>
Errcr > 5.;1: =.<5;;
Wctab 11 ;1.76:

Icgeb Vuiiary
V [-sq [-sq(agh) [-sq(preg)
=.>=:5:0 :5.<<% <<.56% 75.;7%

Fcell`f`edts
Weri Fcel VE Fcel W-\abue ]-\abue
Fcdstadt ;.661 =.;66 1=.== =.===
]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea
1 1.0:< =.7=7 7.>0 =.==1
; -=.55: =.7=7 -1.6> =.;=5
6 -=.7=7 =.7=7 -1.== =.67<

[ejress`cd Equat`cd
Ud`lcri`gag 9 ;.661 + 1.0:< ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbeaS1 - =.55: ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbeaS;
 - =.7=7 ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbeaS6 - 1.=17 ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbeaS7

Equat`cd treats radgci teris as tncujn tney are l`xeg.

L`ts adg G`ajdcst`fs lcr Udusuab Ckservat`cds

Cks Ud`lcri`gag L`t [es`g Vtg [es`g

1 ;.:<= 7.6=: -1.57: -;.65 [

; 5.<:= 7.6=: 1.6<6 ;.=: [

[ Barje res`guab

Expefteg Iead Vquares, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Expefteg Iead Vquare

Vcurfe lcr Eafn Weri
1 ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea (;) + 6.==== (1)
; Errcr (;)

Errcr Weris lcr Wests, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Vydtnes`s
Vcurfe Errcr GL Errcr IV cl Errcr IV
1 ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea >.== =.<5;; (;)

Ve cktuvc que bas var`adzas scd

\ar`adfe Fcipcdedts, us`dj Aghusteg VV

Vcurfe \ar`adfe % cl Wctab VtGev % cl Wctab

]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea 1.5>7>1 :=.>5% 1.;5>>0 >7.1:%
Errcr =.<5;1>6 ;0.15% =.>=:5> 56.00%
Wctab ;.;6<00 1.705<<

Ba var`adza ge ba pcs`f`öd ge ba ckbea es 1.5>7>1, ba var`adza geb errcr es =.<5;1>6 y ba var`adza

va r`adza
tctab es ;.;6<00.

[esubtad bas s`ju`edtes jral`fas

Naf`edgc ba prueka ge Kcdlerrcd`

West lcr Equab \ar`adfes8 Ud`lcri`gag versus ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea

Ietncg

Dubb nypctnes`s Abb var`adfes are equab

Abterdat`ve
V`jd`l`fadfenypctnes`s
beveb At beast cde var`adfe
α 9 =.=5
var`adfe `s g`lleredt

Kartbett‐s ietncg `s useg. Wn`s ietncg `s affurate lcr dcriab gata cdby.

05% Kcdlerrcd` Fcdl`gedfe @dtervabs lcr Vtadgarg Gev`at`cds

]cs`f`öd
ge ba
ckbea D VtGev F@
1 6 1.7<6<7 (=.<70<06, 1>.7>7:)
; 6 =.6>5;: (=.1:1=1:, 7.><5:)
6 6 =.76<<; (=.106>=0, 5.517;)
7 6 =.65<0> (=.15>750, 7.5=>7)

@dg`v`guab fcdl`gedfe beveb 9 0>.:5%

Wests

West
Ietncg Vtat`st`f ]-\abue
Kartbett 5.;; =.15<

West lcr Equab \ar`adfes8 Ud`lcri`gag vs ]cs`f`öd ge ba ckbea

Kartbett s West
‐

]-
]-\a
\abu
buee =.15
=.15<<
1

a
eb
k ;
acb
e
g
d
`ö
f` 6
s
c
]

= 5 1= 15 ;=
05% Kcdlerrcd` Fcdl`gedfe @dtervabs lcr VtGevs