Explain how variations in displacement and Gz affect the stability of the ship

The stability of a ship depends on a variety of factors, including its displacement and Gz.

Displacement refers to the weight of the ship, including its cargo, fuel, crew, and other equipment. A
ship's stability is affected by its displacement because it changes the location of the center of gravity
(CG) of the ship. As the displacement increases, the CG moves higher up in the ship, which makes the
ship less stable. This means that the ship is more likely to roll or capsize in rough seas or during sudden
turns.

Gz is a measure of the ship's righting moment, or the force that acts to restore the ship to an upright
position if it starts to heel (tilt) to one side. A higher Gz means that the ship has a stronger righting
moment and is more stable. However, if the Gz is too high, the ship may become too rigid and difficult
to maneuver, making it less stable in certain situations.

In general, a ship with a low displacement and a high Gz will be more stable than a ship with a high
displacement and a low Gz. However, other factors such as the shape of the hull, the position of the
ballast, and the distribution of weight on the ship can also affect its stability. Therefore, it is important
for ship designers and operators to carefully consider all of these factors to ensure that the ship is safe
and stable in all conditions.