Name: FERNANDEZ, ELINOR M.

Date: 01/17/2024
Course/Year/Section: 3 BSA-A Score: ___________

Plant Disease Diagnosis Exercise 3

DETECTION OF BACTERIA BY STAINING

Introduction
Bacteria can be detected by staining, which is a process of coloring the
microorganisms with a different types of dye reagents to make them more visible under
a microscope.
Staining is an essential technique that helps to identify the morphology,
arrangement and other characteristics of bacterial cells.
Observation
The staining technique that we performed was the gram staining. There are two
groups of bacteria the gram-positive and the gram-negative. Gram positive are usually
the non-pathogenic bacteria that retains a color of purple or blue stains while the gram-
negative bacteria are mostly pathogenic bacteria such as the bugtok of banana caused
by the Ralstonia solanacearum that retains a color of red stain under a microscope. I
also observed during performing the staining the process must be appropriate so that it
could be properly retain the color and can be really visible during the microscopy
because if there is some problem during the staining it might give a false negative
result.
Documentation

Bugtok of banana Unidentified

Bugtok of bananapathogen
Ralstonia solanacearum RalstoniaGram-negative
solanacearum
Gram-positive Gram-positive
Stained by Dexter A. Acosta
Stained by Elinor M. Fernandez Stained by Elinor M. Fernandez
Name: Bacus, Renz Jelo P. Date: 01/17/2024
Course/Year/Section: 3 BSA-A Score: ___________

Plant Disease Diagnosis Exercise 3

DETECTION OF BACTERIA BY STAINING

Introduction
Gram staining is a technique used to differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall
composition. Pathogens can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative
through this process.

Observation
In my observation during the staining the purple, crystal-violet stained are
referred to as gram-positive bacteria while the red safranin-dyed cells are gram-
negative. Gram positive are usually the non-pathogenic bacteria and the gram-negative
are the pathogenic bacteria. In our case we used the unidentified non-pathogenic
bacteria captured from the tissue cultured banana while the pathogenic bacteria came
from the bugtok of banana caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that represents as the
pathogenic bacteria.

Documentation

Bugtok of banana Unidentified pathogen

Ralstonia solanacearum Gram-negative
Stained by Renz Jelo P. Bacus
Gram-positive
Stained by Elinor M. Fernandez