EC3354 Signals and Systems

FORMAT : QP09 KCE / DEPT.
OF ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBJECT NAME : SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
YEAR / SEMESTER : II / III
QUESTION BANK (EC3354)

(version :2)
PREPARED BY
Mr.A.HERALD, AP/ECE
Dr.T.PASUPATHI, AP/ECE
SS - 3.1 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

FORMAT : QP09 KCE / DEPT. OF ECE
EC 3354 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS L T P C

3 1 0 4
UNIT I CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (6+6)

Standard signals- Step, Ramp, Pulse, Impulse, Real and complex exponentials and Sinusoids-
Classification of signals – Continuous time (CT) and Discrete Time (DT) signals, Periodic &
Aperiodic signals, Deterministic & Random signals, Energy & Power signals - Classification of
systems- CT systems and DT systems- – Linear & Nonlinear, Time-variant & Time-invariant,
Causal & Non-causal, Stable & Unstable.
UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS (6+6)

Fourier series for periodic signals - Fourier Transform – properties- Laplace Transforms and
properties.
UNIT III LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS (6+6)

Impulse response - convolution integrals- Differential Equation- Fourier and Laplace
transforms in Analysis of CT systems - Systems connected in series / parallel.
UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (6+6)

Baseband signal Sampling – Fourier Transform of discrete time signals (DTFT) – Properties of
DTFT – Z-Transform & Properties .
UNIT V LINEAR TIME INVARIANT-DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS (6+6)

Impulse response – Difference equations-Convolution sum- Discrete Fourier Transform and Z
Transform Analysis of Recursive & Non-Recursive systems-DT systems connected in series and
parallel.
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS
SIGNATURE OF STAFF INCHARGE HOD/ECE


COURSE PLAN
Sub. Code : EC 3354 Branch / Year / Sem : B.E ECE(A&B)/ II /III

Sub.Name : Signals and Systems Batch : 2022-2026
Staff Name : Mr. A.Herald Academic Year : 2023-24 (ODD)
Dr.T.Pasupathi
COURSE OBJECTIVE
1. To understand the basic properties of signal & systems
2. To know the methods of characterization of LTI systems in time domain
3. To analyze continuous time signals and system in the Fourier and Laplace domain
4. To analyze discrete time signals and system in the Fourier and Z transform domain
TEXT BOOKS
T1. Allan V. Oppenheim, S. Wilsky and S.H.Nawab, “Signals and Systems”, Second Edition
Pearson 2015. (Unit I-V)
WEB RESOURCES
W1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104074/1 (Topic.No:06)

W2. https://www.electrical4u.com/laplace-transformation (Topic.No:10)
W3. https://eaymanelshenawy.files.wordpress.com/004-convolution-integeral.pdf
(Topic.No:11)
W4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/discrete-time-fourier-transform (Topic.No:16)
W5. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-is-convolution-in-signals-and-systems
(Topic.No:21)

No. of Cumulative
Books for Teaching
Topic No Topic Page No. Hours No. of
Reference Methodology
Required periods
UNIT I CLASSIFICATIONS OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (7+6)
Standard signals- T1
1. 30-38 BB/PPT 1 1
Step, Ramp, Pulse
Impulse, Real and
2. complex exponentials T1 15-25 1 2
BB/PPT
and Sinusoids
Classification of
signals – Continuous
3. T1 15-25 BB/PPT 1 3
time (CT) and Discrete
Time (DT) signals
Periodic & Aperiodic
signals
T1 5-7
4. Energy & Power BB/PPT 1 4
11-14
signals Deterministic
& Random signals
Classification of
T1
5. systems- CT systems 38-43 L.VIDEO 1 5
and DT systems
Linear & Nonlinear
T1
6. Time-variant & Time- 50-56 BB/NPTEL 1 6
W1
Invariant
Causal & Non-causal, T1 BB/PPT
7. Stable & Unstable 46-50 1 7
Tutorials
- - - 6 13
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Know the different types of signals and systems.
 Distinguish the given signal such as periodic, aperiodic and random etc.
 Classify the given system such as time-invariant, causal and stable etc.
UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS (7+6)
Fourier series for

8. periodic signals T1 186-210 BB/PPT 3 16
Fourier Transform –
9. T1 285-332 BB/PPT 2 18
properties
Laplace Transform T1
10. 654-692 L.VIDEO 2 20
and properties W2
Tutorials
- - - 6 26

LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of unit, students should be able to
 Understand the importance and applications of Fourier series for representing
the signal’s magnitude and phase response.
 Perform analysis of continuous time signal by applying properties of Fourier transform.
 Understand the applications of Laplace transform for dealing the CT signal.
Topic No Topic Books for Page No. Teaching No. of Cumulative

Reference Methodology Hours No. of
Required periods
UNIT III LINEAR TIME INVARIANT-CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS (7+6)
11. Impulse response- 90-102
T1,W3 BB/PPT 2 28
Convolution integrals 113-114
12. Differential Equation
T1 239-244 1 29
BB /PPT
13. FT and LT in Analysis
T1 639-703 L.VIDEO 2 31
of CT systems
14. Systems connected in
series / parallel T1 706-708 BB/PPT 2 33
Tutorials - - - 6 39
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this unit, students could be able to
 Understand the applications of differential equations for representing the analog systems.
 Compute the system response for impulse input.
 Possess skill to apply the convolution integral ,Fourier and Laplace transforms for analyzing the
analog signals.
UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (7+6)
Baseband signal
15. Sampling T1 515-534 BB/PPT 1 40
Fourier Transform of
T1,W4
16. discrete time signals 359-366 BB/PPT 2 42
(DTFT)
17. Properties of DTFT T1 372-388 BB/PPT 2 44
18. Z Transform & T1
741-774 L.VIDEO 2 46
Properties
Tutorials -
- - 6 52
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this unit, students should be able to
 Apply the different sampling technique for baseband signal.
 Be familiar in computing DTFT and its properties.
 Know the conversion and represention of DT signal in complex domain using Z-transform.
UNIT V LINEAR TIME INVARIANT - DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS (7+6)
19. Impulse T1 BB/PPT 1 53
442-447
response
20. Difference T1 BB/PPT 1 54
244-249
equations
Topic No Topic Books for Page Teaching No. of Cumulative

Reference No. Methodology Hours No. of
Required periods
Convolution T1, W5
21. 75-90 BB/PPT 1 55
sum
DFT and Z-
22. L.VIDEO 1 56
Transform
Analysis of T1
741-774
Recursive &
774-784
23. Non-Recursive BB/PPT 2 58
systems
DT systems
connected in
24. T1 783-784 BB/PPT 1 59
series and
parallel.
Tutorials - - - 6 65
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this unit, students could be able to
 Perform convolution sum between the given signals.
 Represent and solve the DT systems using difference equations.
 Analyse the impulse response of the given DT systems and Distinguish the recursive and non-
recursive systems.
COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course, the students should be able to
 Determine if a given system is linear/causal/stable

 Determine the frequency components present in a deterministic signal
 Characterize LTI systems in the time domain and frequency domain
 Compute the output of an LTI system in the time and frequency domains
CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS
State variable model for Discrete Time System.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DETAILS
TEST No. CAT- I CAT- II MODEL
Topic Nos. 1-12 13-24 1-24
Date
ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
ASSIGNMENT I II
Topic Nos. for 1-12 13-24
reference
Deadline

Class Strength : 46
ASSIGNMENT: I (40 Marks) (Before CAT–I)
Topics for Reference (1-12)
Question / Activity / Activities Evaluation
Level-1 (22 Students)
L1- Q1-Q9 Poster Presentation
1. Standard signals. Poster Design: 10
2. Classification of signals. Marks
3. Classification of Systems. Presentation: 25 Marks
4. Properties of Impulse signals with Q&A: 05 Marks
examples.
5. Periodic and aperiodic signal - examples.
6. Energy and Power signal - examples
7. Even and Odd signal - examples
8. Basic Signal Operations
9. Linear and Non-linear systems
L1- Q10-17 Book problems related to the topics Minimum 5 problems to
10. Time shifting, Time Folding be solved on the specific
11. Time scaling, addition and subtration topic.
12. Linear and No-linear systems Formula: 5 Marks
13. Time invariant and variant systems Content: 30 Marks
14. Causal and non-causal sysems Clarity: 05 Marks
15. static and dynamic systyems
16. Periodic and aperiodic signals
17. Energy and Power signals
L1- Q18-20 QUIZ
18. Classification of signals Totally 20 questions.
19. Classification of systems (20*2= 40 Marks)
20. Basic signal operations
L1- Q21-22 Think breal
21. Fourier transform - Properties Totally 20 questions.
22. Laplace transform - Properties (20*2= 40 Marks)
L2- Q23-28 GATE Questionaire
23. Relation between standard test signals Concept clarity: 5
24. Addition of two signals Marks Presentation: 10
25. Fourier analysis of CT signals Marks Circuit
26. Convolution integral Design/Model : 25
27. Classification of singlas Marks.
28. Classification of systems
L2- Q29-34 Power point Presentation
29. Periodic and aperiodic signals PPT: 15 Marks
30. Energy and Power signals Presentation: 10 Marks
31. Even and Odd signals Report: 10 Marks
32. Linear and Non-linear systems Q&A: 5 Marks
33. Time invariant and variant systems
34. Static and dynamic systems

L2- Q35-39 Role play
35. Power and Energy signal Presentation: 15 Marks
36. Standard test signals Communication: 05
37. Deterministic and random signal Marks
38. Causal and noncausal signal Report: 15 Marks
39. Linear and nonlinear system Q&A: 5 Marks
Level-3 (07
Students)
L3- Q43-43 APH Presentation: 15 Marks
40. Fourier series for periodic signals Communication: 05 Marks
41. Fourier transform of signals Report: 15 Marks
42. Laplace transform of signals Q&A: 5 Marks
43. Sumamary of FT & LT properties
L3- Q44-45 Mind-mapping concept in Presentation: 15 Marks
44. Convolution integrals Communication: 05 Marks
45. Differential equations Report: 15 Marks
Q&A: 5 Marks
L3- Q46 Mini projects Presentation: 15 Marks
46. Generation of Signals using MATLAB Communication: 05 Marks
Report: 15 Marks
Q&A: 5 Marks

Class Strength : 46
ASSIGNMENT: II (40 Marks) (Before CAT – II)
Topics for Reference (18-29)
Question / Activity / Activities Evaluation
L1- Q1-9 Role play
1. Direct form –I form realization structure Concept clarity: 10 Marks
2. Direct form –II form realization structure Presentation: 15 Marks
3. Cascade form system realization Report : 15 Marks
4. Parallel form system realization
5. Relation between DTFT and Z-transform
6. Relation between DFT and Z-transform
7. Recursive system
8. Non-recursive system
9. DT systems connected in series and parallel.
L1- Q10-15 Power point Presentation
10. Sampling theorems PPT: 15 Marks
11. DTFT Properties. Presentation: 10 Marks
12. Z-Transform Properties. Report: 10 Marks
13. Fourier Transfrom in analysis of CT Q&A: 5 Marks
systems.
14. Laplace Transfrom in analysis of CT
systems.
15. Convolution Sum.
L1- Q16-18 Quiz
16. Analysis of DT signals Totally 20 questions.
17. Analysis of CT systems. (20*2= 40 Marks)
18. Analysis of LTI-DT systems
L1- Q19-22 Think Break exercise on Minimum 3 problems to
19. Impulse response be solved on the specific
20. Difference equation topic.
21. Convolution sum. Formula: 10 Marks
22. Z- Transform properties Content: 30 Marks

L2-Q23-28 Seminar on
23. Z Transform properties Presentation: 15 Marks
24. Direct form structures Communication: 05 Marks
25. Systems connected in series and Report: 15 Marks
parallel Q&A: 5 Marks
26. Difference equation
27. Convolution sum
28. Sampling theorem.

L2- Q29-34 APH Presentation: 15 Marks

29. Fourier transforms in Analysis Communication: 05 Marks
of CT systems Report: 15 Marks
30. Laplace transforms in Analysis
of CT systems Q&A: 5 Marks
31. Z-Transform analysis
32. Analysis of Recursive and Non-recursive
systems
33. Properties of DTFT
34. Sampling theorem
L1- Q35-39 Mind-mapping concept in
35. Difference equation Presentation: 15 Marks
36. Convolution sum Communication: 05 Marks
37. Sampling theorem Report: 15 Marks
38. Properties of DTFT. Q&A: 5 Marks
39. Properties of Z-Transform.
Level-3(07 Students)
L3- Q40-43 Virtual Lab based evaluation
40. Demo of simple signals Concept: 10 Marks Demo
41. Even and Odd symmetry of signals and Presentation:25
42. Signal matching using transformation Marks
43. Various properties of impulse signals Result: 05 Marks
L3-Q44 Gate questions 2020-2021 Questions and answers

44. Analysis of CT, DT signals and systems with explanation.
Total Marks: 40 Marks
L3-Q45-46 Mind-mapping concept in Presentation: 15 Marks
45. Direct Form-I and II Communication: 05 Marks
46. Cascade and Parallel form Report: 15 Marks
Q&A: 5 Marks

COURSE ASSESSMENT PLAN

CO Co Description Weightage CAT1 CAT2 MODEL Assign1. PCE AU
CO1 Determine if a given 25%    
system is
linear/causal/stable
CO2 Determining the 25%   
frequency
components present
in a deterministic
signal
CO3 Characterizing LTI 25%   
systems in the time
domain and
frequency domain
CO4 Compute the output 25%   
of an lti system in the
time and frequency
domains
Course Outcome Alignment Matrix-MODEL EXAM SAMPLE QUESTION SET
Q.No. Question Marks CO BTL
1 Name two properties of impulse function. 2 CO1 L1

2 Compare energy and power signals. 2 CO1 L2
3 Consider a periodic signal with x(t) with fundamental 2 CO3 L1
frequency 2 and a0=1, a1=a-1=1/4, a2=a-2=1/2 and
a3=a-3=1/3.Formulate in Fourier series expansion.
4 Explain Parseval’s relation for continuous time Fourier 2 CO4 L2

transform.
5 Estimate the output y(t) of the system for the input 2 CO1 L1
x(t)=u(t) and h(t)=(t-1)?
6 Recall the expression for convolution integral. 2 CO2 L1
7 Illustrate the Nyquist rate of the signal x(t)=1+cos10t, 2 CO3 L2
8 Solve
in Hz. x() of the signal for with the Z-Transform is 2 CO4 L2
given by
9 Spell the condition for stability of a DT-LTI system with 2 CO3 L1

10 Summarize theposition
respect to the difference between recursive and non-
of poles. 2 CO3 L2
recursive systems?
11a Analyze the properties viz linearity, causality, time 7 CO3 L2
variance and dynamicity of the systems
(i).

11a 6 CO4 L3
(ii).
11b (i)Construct the even and odd part of the signal x(t) 7 CO4 L1
11b (ii)Construct the waveform for the signal 6 CO3 L1
12.a. Show the Fourier series coefficient of fully rectified 13 CO3 L2

output.
12b. Show any five properties of Laplace transform with 13 CO3 L2

proof.
13.a (i)Solve the Inverse Laplace transform of the following 7 CO4 L1
13.a (ii) 6 CO4 L1
13.b (i) Identify the response for the input 7 CO3 L2

described by the differential equation
representation of a CT system
using Laplace transform.

13b. (ii).Explain the convolution integral of the continuous 6 CO2 L2
Time system with necessary equations.
14.a. Analyze sampling theorem with necessary equation 13 CO2 L3

and illustrations .
14.b Evaluate the Inverse Z-Transform of the following, 13 CO2 L3
15.a. Determine the output of LTI system whose input and

unit sample response are given as,
(i).x(n)= bnu(n) & h(n)=anu(n) 7 CO2 L3
(ii).x(n)={1,-1,2,3} & h(n)={1,-2,3,1}
6


15.b The LTI Discrete Time system is described by CO2 L3
is
given an input x(n)=u(n)

(i).Evaluate the transfer function of the system 7
(ii).Estimate the response of the system for the given 6
input.
16.a Discuss about recursive and non-recursive systems 15 CO4 L3
with neat illustration.
16.b Develop the response of the system described with 15 CO2 L3
differential equations
with initial
conditions y(0-)=0 and for the input
Using Laplace transform.
ASSESSMENT PAPER QUALITY MATRIX

PART BTL 1 BTL 2 BTL 3 BTL 4 BTL 5 BTL 6
A 1,6,9,3,5 2,4,7,8,10
B 11bi,ii,13ai,ii, 12a, b, 15ai,ii,
13bi, ii 15bi,ii
11ai,ii,14a,b
C 16a,b
TOTAL 23 36 41
Distribution 59 41 -

Sub. Code/Name:EC3354/Signals and Systems
UNIT- I CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

PART-A
1. Determine whether the signal x (t) =sin 𝟐𝐭 is periodic or not. UNDERSTAND CO1
BT-L2
Since2𝜋𝑓 = 2.
2
Therefore f = 2𝜋 = 2.22144…..
It is not an integer, hence it is aperiodic.
2. Given an example for deterministic and random signals. REMEMBER CO1

BT-L1
Random signals cannot be described by a mathematical equation, they are modelled in probabilistic
terms. Also Random signals represent a physical phenomenon that cannot be described by a
function.
Eg: Ocean wave patterns, noise generated by passing vehicles, noise introduced in propagation of
radio signal.
3. Give the mathematical and graphical representations of a REMEMBER CO1
discrete time ramp sequence. BT-L 1
4. UNDERSTAND CO1
Evaluate the following integral  (2t 2  3) (t )dt
BT-L2
 (t ) occurs, when t=0
 (2t  3) (t )dt

2
= (2t  3) |t=0 =3
2
5. State the difference between causal and non causal system REMEMBER CO1
BT-L 1
SS 3.14 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

Causal System Non Causal System
The output of casual system depends on present A system whose present response depends on
and past inputs, it means y(n) is a function of x(n), future values of the inputs is called as a non-
x(n-1), x(n-2), x(n-3)…etc. Since future samples causal system, output y(n) is function of x(n),
are not present; causal system is memory less x(n-1), x(n-2)…etc. as well as it is function of
system. x(n+1), x(n+2), x(n+3), … etc.
Practically realizable Since non-causal system contains future

samples; a non-causal system is practically not
realizable.
Example: y(n) = x(n) + x(n-2) Example: y(n) = x(n) + x(n+1)
y(n) = x(n-1) – x(n-3) y(n) = 7x(n+2)
y(n) = 7x(n-5) y(n) = x(n) + 9x(n+5)
6. Give the mathematical and graphical representation of REMEMBER CO1
continuous time and discrete time unit impulse function. BT-L 1
Continuous time unit impulse. Discrete time unit impulse
δ(t)=1; t=0 δ(n)=1; n=0

=0; t ≠ 0 =0; n ≠ 0
7. Sketch the following signals: REMEMBER CO1

BT-L 1
(i)rect ; (ii)5 ramp (0.1t)
(i)

(ii)
8. Given g(n) = 2 . Write out and simplify the APPLY CO1

BT-L3
functions (i)g(2-n) (ii) g
(i) g(2-n) = g(-n+2)

Time-Shifting : g(n+2) = 2e-2(n+2)-3 =2e-2n .e-4.e-3 =2e-2n.e-7
Time-Reversal : g(2-n) = g(-n+2) =2e2n.e-4.e-3 =2e2n.e-7.
(ii) g( ) = g(0.1n+4)
Time-Shifting : g(n+4) =2e-2(n+4)-3 =2e-2n .e-8.e-3 =2e-2n.e-11
Time-Reversal : g(0.1n+4) = 2 .e-8.e-3 =2e-0.2n.e-11
9. Find the integral value of ∫e-2tf(t+2)dt. APPLY CO1

BT-L3
10. Give the relation between continuous time unit impulse REMEMBER CO1
function f(t),step function u(t) BT-L 1
and ramp function r(p).
Unit impulse Unit step Ramp signal
δ(t)=1; t=0 U(t)=1;t>0 R(t)=0;t<0
0;t≠0 =0;t<0 =t;t>0
Relation:
t
r(t)=t.u(t) Also r(t)=  u (t )dt  t u(t)= d/dt[r(t)]&   (t )dt  u (t )

t
11. State two properties of unit impulse function. REMEMBER CO1

BT-L 1

(i) Integral Property:  x(t ) (t )dt  x(0)

(ii) Shifting Property:  x(t ) (t  t )dt  x(t
0 0 )
12. Draw the following signals (a) u(t)-u(t-10) and (b) UNDERSTAND CO1
(0.5)n u(n-1) BT-L 1
a.
u(t) u(t-10) u(t)-u(t-10)
b.(0.5)n u(n-1)
At n=0, x(0)= 1.0
n=1, x(0)= ½
n=3, x(4)= 1/4
13. Draw the function π(2t+3), when π(t) = 1 ; for t ≤ ½ UNDERSTAND CO1
0 ; otherwise BT-L2
Π(t) Time shifting Π(t+3) Time Scaling Π(2t+3)
14. What are the conditions for a system to be LTI system? REMEMBER CO1
BT-L 1
(i).For an Linear system ; T[ax1(t)+b x2(t)] = a T[x1(t)]+bT[ x2(t)]

Scaling property of linearity Superposition property of linearity

ii) For a Time –Invariant system:y(t,T) = y(t-T)
i.e., Response to a shifted input = Shifted or Delayed Response.
These above two conditions should be satisfied for a LTI system.
15. Check whether the discrete time signal sin3n is periodic. UNDERSTAND CO1
BT-L2
The condition for a signal to be periodic is,
With the standard form of sin(ωn)
ω = 3 ; 2πf = 3;
f=
the ratio is not an integer, therefore sin3n is aperiodic signal.

16. Determine whether the following signal is energy or REMEMBER CO1
power signal and calculate its energy or power. X(t)=e-2t BT-L2
u(t).
,
Since Energy is finite & P=0,x(t) is an Energy signal.
17. Whether the following system is static or dynamic and UNDERSTAND CO1
also causal or non-causal.y(n)=x(2n). BT-L2
Since the output y(n) depends on the future input, y(n)=x(2n) is a Dynamic system & also a Non-
Causal system.
 Static –output depends only on the present input
 Dynamic - output depends on the past input
 Causal-output depends on only past and present inputs
 Non-causal- output depends on future inputs
18. Define DT unit step and unit impulse function. REMEMBER CO1
BT-L 1
19. Distinguish between deterministic and random signals. REMEMBER CO1

BT-L 1

Deterministic signal:
Signals that can be described by a mathematical function.
Eg: Motion of a pendulum, satellite’s orbit.
Random signal:
Random signals represent a physical phenomenon that cannot be described by a function.
Eg: Ocean wave patterns, noise generated by passing vehicles.
20. For the signal shown find x(2t+3). UNDERSTAND CO1

BT-L2
X(t)
2
1
t
-1 0 1 2
solution: X(t)
4
2
2
1
t
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3
21. When is a system said to be memory less? Give an REMEMBER CO1

example. BT-L 1
A system is referred to as memory less (or static) if the output at any instant depends on the input
at that instant but not on the past values of the input/output. Otherwise the system is said to be
dynamic or system with memory.
Eg.ECG signals from a patient, Glucose level from a diabetic patient.
22. What is the classification of the systems? REMEMBER CO1
BT-L 1
System is classified as follows:
 Static/Dynamic system
 Causal/Non-causal system
 Time invariant/Time variant system
 Linear/Non-linear system
 Stable/Unstable system
23. Give the relation between frequency of analog and DT REMEMBER CO1
signal. BT-L 1

The relation between frequency of analog and DT signal is given byfn=f/fs ,where fndenotes the
samples, f denote the analog signal and fs denotes the sampling signal.The frequency of the analog
signal is represented by ω,but the frequency of the digital signal is represented by Ω.Hence the relation
between the frequency of analog and digital signal is given by ω=2пfn.
24. What do you mean by energy of a signal. REMEMBER CO1

BT-L1

Energy of a signal is given as, E   xt  for continuous signal,
2


 xn  for Discrete signalp

2
E

25. Check the causality of the system given by y(n)=x(n-n0) REMEMBER CO1
BT-L1
A system is said to be causal only if its response is depend on present or past input
values, otherwise the system is non-causal system.
Here n00, then the output y(n) depends on the present or past input, hence the system is casual.
PART-B
1. plot the following signal ,given x[n] (13) REMEMBER CO1
i) X[n]={1,2,1,2,1,2,1} ii) X [n-1] iii) X [2n] iv) BT-L1
X [n/2] v) X [n/2-1] vi) X [-n/2-1]
2. Determine whether the following system is linear, time (13) REMEMBER CO1
invariant and causal memory less and stable. Y[n] =n x[n] BT-L1
3. The feedback interconnection of two causal subsystems (13) UNDERSTAND CO1

with system function F(s) and G(s) is shown below. Find BT-L2
the overall system function H(s) for this feedback
system. e(t)
∑ F(s)
X(t) y(t)
G(s)

4. A discrete time signal x(n) is shown below: (7) UNDERSTAND CO1

BT-L2
Plot the following signals:

1. x[n-2] 2.x[n+1] 3. x[-n] 4 .x[-n+1]
5.x[2n] 6..x[-2n+1]
5. A continuous time system has the input-output relation (13) REMEMBER CO1
given by y(t)=tx (t-1)Determine whether the system is BT-L1
1.Linear 2. Time-invariant 3 .Stable
4.Memory less 5.Causal.
5. (i)Find whether the following signals are periodic or a (07) APPLY CO1
periodic. If periodic find the fundamental period and BT-L3
fundamental frequency.
(ii)Find whether the following signals are power or

energy signals. Determine Power and energy of the
(06)
signals.
g(t) +
g(n) = (0.5)n u(n).
6. Find whether the following systems are time variant or (13) APPLY CO1
fixed. Also find whetherthe systems are linear or non BT-L3
linear.
7. Determine whether the system y(t)= IS (13) UNDERSTAND CO1

BT-L2
Linear, Time Invariant, Causal and memory less.
8. Sketch the following signals, (13) APPLY CO1

(i)u(-t+2) BT-L3
(ii)t(-t+3)
(iii)2δ[n+2]+δ[n]-2δ[n-1]+3δ[n-3]

(iv)u[n+2]u[-n+3]
where u(t), r(t), δ[n], u[n] represent continuous time unit

step, continuous time ramp, discrete timeimpulse and
discrete time step functions respectively.
9. Given.x[n]={1,4,3,-1,2}.Plot the following signals (13) APPLY CO1
(i).x[-n-1] (ii).x[-n/2] (iii).x[-2n+1] BT-L3
(iv).x[-n/2*2].
10. Given the input –output relationship of a continuous time (13) APPLY CO1
system y(t)=tx(-t).Determine whether the system is BT-L3
causal, stable, Linear and Time invariant
11. Check whether the following signals are periodic (7) UNDERSTAND CO1
BT-L2
/Aperiodic signals
a. x(t)=cos 2t-sin t/5 and
b. x(n)=3-cos /2n-cos 2n
Check whether the following system is linear, causal, (6) UNDERSTAND CO1
BT-L2
time invariant and/or stable
a. y(n)=x(n)-x(n-1) and
b. y(t)=d/dt x(t).
12. Determine whether the signal x(t) sin 20 t + sin 5 t is (13) APPLY CO1
periodic and if it is periodic find the fundamental period BT-L3
13. Determine energy and power signals. Find whether the (07) APPLY CO1
signal x(n) = (1/2)n u(n) is energyor power signal and BT-L3
calculate their energy or power.
Discuss various forms of real and complex exponential (06) UNDERSTAND CO1
signals with graphical representation BT-L2
14. i.Determine whether the discrete time system y(n) = (07) APPLY CO1
x(n)cos(wn) is Memory less, stable,Causal, Linear, Time- BT-L3
invariant
ii.Determine whether the following signal is periodic. If (07)
periodic, determine thefundamental period: x(t) =
3cost + 4 cos t/3
15. Check whether the following are periodic UNDERSTAND CO1
(07) BT-L2
x(n) = sin (6 n + 1)
x(n) = ej3 +1/2) (06)

PART-C
1. Distinguish between the following: (15) APPLY CO1
a. Continuous Time Signal and Discrete Time BT-L3
Signal.
b. Unit step and Unit Ramp functions.
c. Periodic and Aperiodic signals.
d. Deterministic and Random signals.
2. .(i) Find whether the given signal is periodic or not. (15) UNDERSTAND CO1
BT-L2
(ii) Find the summation
(iii)Explain the properties of unit impulse function

and find the fundamental period
T of the continuous time signal
3. (i)Write about elementary continuous–time signals in (04) UNDERSTAND CO1

BT-L2
detail.
(ii)Determine whether the following systems are linear or
(06)
not.
(a) dy/dt + 3t y(t) = t2x(t)
(b) (b)
(iii)Check whether the following systems are time (05)

invariant or not.
(a) y(t) = tx(t)
(b) y(n) = x(2n)

UNIT- II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS

PART-A
1. State Gibbs phenomenon REMEMBER CO2
BT-L 1
The abrupt truncation of Fourier series will lead oscillations in both stopband and start band. This
phenomenon is called as Gibb’s phenomenon.
𝛑
2. Find the Fourier series coefficients of the signal x (t) =1+sin 𝟐t. EVALUATE CO2
BT-L5
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Fourier Transform of 1 + sin 2 = 2𝛿 𝑤 + 𝑗
𝛿 2
−𝑤 +𝛿 2
+ 𝑤
3. State Dirichlet’s conditions. REMEMBER BT- CO2

L1
The conditions for x(t) to have Fourier transform is the Dirichlet’s condition,
(i) x(t) must be absolutely integrate able over ( ) i.e,
(ii) x(t ) must have finite number of discontinuities and
(iii) x(t) must have finite number of maxima and minima in every finite time interval.
4. If X(jΩ) is the Fourier transform of the signal x(t),what is the APPLY CO2
Fourier transform of the signal x(3t) in terms of X(jΩ)? BT-L3
Time scaling property =(1/a)X( jΩ/a)
The Fourier Transform of the signal x(3t) interms of X(jΩ) = (1/3) X( jΩ/3)
5. Find the Fourier series representation of the signal UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
and determine the Fourier series coefficients.
x(t) =
=
C0 = 0, C1 = C-1 = ½
6. Find the Laplace transform of u(t). UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
Laplace transform of u(t),
L[ u(t)] = (Formula)
7. Give the relation between Fourier and Laplace transform. REMEMBER CO2
BT-L1
Fourier transform Laplace transform
It provides the summation of waves with It uses damped waves with an additional
negative frequencies. factoreσ,where σ-is a positive number.
It converts the Time domain function f(t) It converts the Time domain function f(t)
into F(jω)-Frequency domain into F(S).S-domain
It describes the properties of Periodic wave It describes the operation of Continuous
with discrete frequency. time with Aperiodic or Random signal.
8. State the conditions for the convergence of Fourier series REMEMBER CO2

representation of CT periodic signal. BT-L1

The CT periodic signal should satisfy the geometrical finite series sum conditions to obtain the
convergence. When the value of a0 is positive, the region of convergence of a Fourier series
representation of a continuous time periodic signal is right side of the s-plane. When the value a0
is negative, the region of convergence of a Fourier series representation of a continuous time
periodic signal is left side of the s-plane.
9. Find the RoC of the LT of x(t)=u(t). UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
The LT value of the unit step signal is (1/s).Here the value of s is positive, hence the poles
are lies within the right side of the S-plane. RoC lies between 0 to
10. Give the equation for the trigonometric Fourier series. REMEMBER CO2
BT-L1
The equation for the Trigonometric Fourier Series:
X(t) = a0 + ancos(wot)+bnsin(w0t)
where,
a0= ; an = ; bn =
11. State the time scaling property of Laplace transform. REMEMBER CO2
BT-L1
Time scaling property define that signal ‘ g ‘ by

g(t) = f(at), where a > 0; then
G(s) = (1/a)F(s=a), i.e. times are scaled by a, frequencies by 1/a
12. What is the Fourier transform of a DC signal of amplitude 1? UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
By Definition of Fourier Transform,
=
= ie. Impulse function
13. Give synthesis and analysis equations of continuous time REMEMBER CO2
Fourier transform. BT-L1
Synthesis Equation:
Analysis Equation:
14. Define the region of convergence of the Laplace transform. REMEMBER CO2
BT-L1

 The values of ‘s’ for which the Laplace transform converges is called the Region of
Convergence.
 When the value of ‘s’ is positive, the region of convergence of a Laplace transform of a
continuous time periodic signal is right side of the s-plane. When the value of‘s’ is negative,
the region of convergence of a Laplace transform of a continuous time periodic signal is left
side of the s-plane.
15. Obtain the Fourier series coefficients for x(t) = sin wot. UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
= = -
Therefore the Fourier series coefficients are, C1 = ; C-1 =
16. State convolution property of Fourier transform. REMEMBER CO2

BT-L 1
The convolution of two functions in time domain is defined by:
The Fourier Transform of the convolution of g(t) and h(t) with corresponding Fourier
Transforms G(f) and H(f)] is given by:
17. State the initial and final value theorem of Laplace REMEMBER CO2
transform. BT-L 1
Initial value Theorem:
Let
be the (one-sided) Laplace transform of ƒ(t).

The initial value theorem says,
Final Value Theorem:

If has a finite limit, then where is the (unilateral) Laplace
transform of
18. State any two properties of Continuous Time Fourier REMEMBER CO2
Transform. BT-L 1
Linearity Property:
x(t ) 
F
 x j  and y (t ) 
F
 x j  then
ax(t )  by (t ) 
F
 aX  j   bY ( j )
Time Shifting Property:
If x(t ) 
F
 X  j  then
x(t  t 0 ) 
F
 e  jt 0 X  jw
19. What are the symmetric properties of Fourier series? REMEMBER CO2
BT-L 1

The symmetric properties of Fourier series are,

For real signal C*n = C-n
For imaginary signal C*n = - C-n
For real and even signal, Img {Cn} = 0
For real and odd signal, Re {Cn} = 0
20. Compute Fourier Transform of (t)+2(t-1). APPLY CO2
BT-L3
 (t ) 
FT
1
f  (t  1)  1.e  j 2f
 f  (t )  2 (t  1)  1  2e  j 2f
21. Define Fourier series. REMEMBER CO2

BT-L 1
CT Fourier series is defined as

x(t )   X k e jk o t

xt e  jk o t dt
1
Where X (k )  
T T 
22. What is the Laplace transform of e-at sint u(t)? UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2

e -at sint 
L
s
s  a 2   2
23. Define the Fourier transform pair for continuous time signal. REMEMBER CO2
BT-L 1

 xt e
 jt
Fourier Transform X ( w)  dt


X  e  jt d
1
Inverse Fourier Transform x(t ) 
2 
24. Find the Laplace transform of signal U(t). APPLY CO2
BT-L3
 
 
1 st 1
Lu t    u t e  st dt  e 0  ROC: 
Re[s] 
0

s s
25. What is Parsevals power theorem? UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
 Parsevals theorem gives total average power of the periodic signal.
 The power is equaltosummation of squares of magnitudes of Fourier coefficients.

P  n   C n 2
Where Cn is the Fourier coefficients.

PART-B
1. Find the Fourier transform of the signal x(t)=e−α t , (13) REMEMBER CO2
α > 0 and plot its spectrum BT-L 1
2. Specify all possible ROC’s for the function X(s) given below (13) REMEMBER CO2
.also find x(t) in each case BT-L 1
4𝑠
X(s)=
𝑠+2 (𝑠+4)
3. Find the Fourier transform of x(t)=e-a|t|, a>0 and sketch its (13) UNDERSTAND CO2
corresponding magnitude spectrum. BT-L2
4. Find the Laplace transform of x(t)=e-a|t|, a>0 and its (7) APPLY CO2
associated ROC and indicate BT-L3
Whether the Fourier transform X(jΩ) exists.
5. From basic formula, determine the Fourier transform of the (13) APPLY CO2
given signals. Obtain the magnitude and phase spectra of the BT-L3
given signals.
t
6. i.Find the Fourier transform of the signal x(t)=cos (07) REMEMBER CO2
ii.State Dirichlet’s conditions and its importance. (06) BT-L 1
7. i.State and prove the multiplication and (13) UNDERSTAND CO2

convolution property of Fourier transform. BT-L2
8. i.State and prove any four properties of Fourier Transform. (07) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
ii.Find the spectrum of x(t)=e-2|t| (06) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
9. Find the Laplace transform and its associated ROC for the (07) APPLY CO2
signal x(t)=te-2|t| BT-L3
State and prove Rayleigh’s energy theorem. (06) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
10. Find the Fourier transform of the signal x(t) = e-a|t| (07) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
Find the Laplace transform of the signal x(t) = e-atsin t (06) CO2
11. Find the Inverse Fourier transform of the rectangular (13) CREATE CO2
spectrum given by BT-L6
X(jw) = { 1 -W < <W, { 0, | | >W
12. Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for half wave (7) UNDERSTAND CO2
rectified sine wave. BT-L2
Find the Fourier transform of (6) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
=0 otherwise
13. i.Determine the Fourier transform for double exponential (07) APPLY CO2
pulse whose function is given by x(t)= e-2t . Also draw its BT-L3

amplitude and phase spectra.

ii.Distinguish between Fourier series analysis and Fourier (06) UNDERSTAND CO2
transforms. BT-L2
14. Obtain the inverse laplace transform of the function X(s) = 1 (13) APPLY CO2
/ s2 + 3s + 2., ROC: -2 < Re{s} < -1 BT-L3
15. Find the Laplace transform of the following (07) APPLY CO2
(1) x(t) = u(t-2) (06) BT-L3
(2) x(t) = t2e-2tu(t)
16. Find the Laplace transform of the signal (13) APPLY CO2
BT-L3
x(t)= e-atu(t)+e-btu(-t).
17. Obtain the Fourier series coefficients & Plot the spectrum for (13) UNDERSTAND CO2
the given waveform. BT-L2
1
- 1 3
1
- 2
2 -
1
PART-C
1. Find the Fourier series coefficients of cosine waveform. (15) UNDERSTAND CO2
BT-L2
2. Fourier transform of rectangular pulse. (15) APPLY CO2
BT-L3
UNIT- III LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A
1. Two system with impulse responses h1 (t) =e-atu (t) and h2 UNDERSTAND CO3
(t) =u (t-1) are connected in parallel. What is the overall BT-L2
impulse response h (t) of the system.

The overall response of the systems are ℎ𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ;𝑡 > 1
=0 ; other wise
2. The input -output relationship of a system is give by UNDERSTAND CO3
𝐝𝟐 𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐱 BT-L2
+ 𝟑 𝐝𝐭 + 𝟐𝐲 = . find the system function H(s) of the
𝐝𝐭 𝟐 𝐝𝐭
system.
𝑌 𝑆 𝑠
The system response𝐻 𝑆 = =𝑠 2+3𝑠+2
𝑋(𝑆)
3. If the system function H(s)=4-(3/s+2); Re(s)>-2, find the APPLY CO3

Impulse response h(t). BT-L3
Given: H(s)=4-(3/s+2)

By taking Inverse laplace Transform on both sides of the above equation

h(t)=4 δ(t)-3 e-2t u(t)
4. Two systems with impulse response h1(t)=e-2t u(t) and UNDERSTAND CO3
h2(t) = δ(t-1) are connected in series. What is the overall BT-L2
impulse response h(t) of the system?
Since the systems are connected in series, the overall impulse response h(t)=h1(t)*h2(t)
h1(t)*h2(t) = e-2t u(t)* δ(t-1)
= e-2(t-1)u(t-1)
Therefore h(t) = e-2t u(t)* δ(t-1
5. Find whether the following system whose impulse UNDERSTAND CO3
response given is causal & stable. . BT-L2
(i) Since h(t) = 0 for t<0, the given system is Causal.
(ii) For a Stable system, the given system is Stable.
6. What is u(t-2)*f(t-1)?Where * represents convolution. UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2
u(t- 2) * (t- 1) = )dt =0
7. Given the differential equation representation of a system UNDERSTAND CO3

,d2y(t)/dt2 +2dy(t)/dt-3y(t)=2x(t).Find the frequency BT-L2
responseH(jΩ).
8. List the properties of Convolution Integral. REMEMBER CO3

BT-L 1
The convolution operation obeys the following properties,
 Commutative Property
 Associative Property
 Distributive Property
 Shift Property
 Convolution with impulse
 Width Property
9. Define convolution integral of continuous time signal. UNDERSTAND CO3

BT-L2
Given two continuous-time signals x(t) and ν(t), we define their convolution x(t) * ν(t) as
y(t)=x(t) * ν(t) =
where x(t)-input signal and v(t-k)-delayed impulse sequence and y(t)-output response.
10. Check whether the causal system with the transfer function UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2

Given,
Take inverse Laplace transform, h(t) = For system to be stable,
ie. = , (as the system is causal).
0
= ½ =0.5 < Therefore the given system is stable.

11. What is the condition for a LTI system to be causal and REMEMBER CO3
stable? BT-L 1
For an LTI-CT system to be causal, h(t) = 0 for t < 0.
For an LTI-CT system to be Stable, .
12. Check the causality of the system with impulse response REMEMBER CO3
h(t)=e-t u(t) BT-L 1
 The given system is Causality.
 A system is causal if and only if the output of the system depends on present and past
Inputvalues.For an LTI-CT system to be causal, h(t) = 0 for t < 0.
 Here, h(t) = e-tu(t) = 0 for t < 0. Hence, Causal system.
 As the given system is multiplied with unit step function which ranges from 0< t <∞.
13. What is meant by impulse response of any system? REMEMBER CO3

BT-L 1
If the input is impulse[i.e.,δ(t) or δ(n)], then the Output or Response is Impulse Response.
i.e., y(t)=T[δ(t)] for CT system &y(n)=T[δ(n)] for DT system.
14. Define convolution integral of CT systems. REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
The convolution integral gives the output or response of a CT system which is the
convolution of the input sequence x(t) and impulse response h(t) sequence.
15. What is the impulse response of two LTI systems connected REMEMBER CO3
in parallel? BT-L 1
The impulse response of two LTI systems h1& h2 connected in parallel is h1 + h2.
16. Define impulse response of a continuous system. REMEMBER CO3

BT-L 1

The impulse response is the output produced by the system when unit impulse is applied
atthe input. The impulse response is denoted by h(t).It can be obtained from the transfer
function also i.e.
h(t )  L1H s 
h(t )  IFT H  f 
17. What is the Laplace transform of the function x(t) = u(t) – REMEMBER CO3
u(t-2)? BT-L 1
L{u(t)} = = =
L{u(t-2)} = =
L{[u(t) - u(t-2)]} = -
18. Give four steps to compute convolution integral. REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
The four steps to compute convolution integral are,
Folding h(k) : h(-k)
Shifting : h(n0-k)
Multiplication : x(k)h(n0-k)
Summation : y(n) =
19. What is a time invariant and time variant system? UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2
 A System is called as shift-invariant if its input-output characteristics do not change with
time. i.e., y(n, k) = y(n-k).
 A System is said to be time/shift-variant if its input-output characteristics changes with
respect to time. i.e., y (n, k) y(n-k).
20. Define transfer functions in CT systems. REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
Transfer function is defined as ration of the transformations of input and output i.e.
y f  Y s 
H( f )  using Fourier transform; H ( s )  using Laplace transform
 
Xf  X s 
21. Define Causality and stability using poles. REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
Causality:
An LTI system is said to be causal if h(n) =0for n<0, the ROC of its transfer function H(Z) is the
exterior of a circle including infinity.
Stability:
An LTI system is stable if its response to any bounded input is also bounded for all n:
If |x(n)|<Bx then |y(n)|<∞
22. What are the tools used for analysis of LTI-CT systems? REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
The tools used for the analysis of the LTI-CT system are

 Fourier transform
 Laplace transform
22. 2. State commutative property of convolution integral. REMEMBER CO3
BT-L 1
The commutative property of convolution integral states that
23. State associative property of convolution integral. REMEMBER CO3

BT-L 1
The associative property of convolution integral states that
24. State associative property of convolution integral REMEMBER CO3

BT-L 1
The associative property of convolution integral states that
=
25. State the relation is correct between Fourier transform UNDERSTAND CO3
X(F) and Fourier series coefficient ck? BT-L2
 Let us consider a signal x(t) whose Fourier transform X(F) is given as
 And the Fourier series coefficient is given as
 By comparing the above two equations, we get
PART-B
1. Convolve the following signals x(t)=u(t) h(t)=u(t)-u(t-2). (13) UNDERSTAND CO3

BT-L2
2. An LTI system which is initially at rest is described by the (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
d2y dy dx BT-L2
differential equation dt 2 + 3 dt + 2y = + 3x. find the system
dt
function H(s) and the impulse response h(t).

3. Find the output y(t) of the system H(s)=1/(s+2) Re {s}>-2 (13) APPLY CO3
for the input x(t)=e-3t u(t). BT-L3
4. A causal LTI system satisfies the linear differential equation CO3
(d2/dt2)y(t) + 7(d/dt) y(t) + 12 y(t)=(d/dt) x(t)+ 2x(t)
(i)Find the frequency response H(jΩ) of the system. (7) APPLY

BT-L3
(ii)Find the output y(t) of the system for the input x(t)=e-2t (6) CO3
u(t).

5. Convolve the signals x(t) = u(t) and h(t) = u(t+3). (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2
6. A system is described by the differential equation (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2
Find the transfer
function and the output signal y(t) for x(t) =δ(t).

7. Using graphical convolution, find the response of the system (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
whose impulse response is BT-L2
h(t) = for an input
8. An LTI system is defined by the differential equation (13) APPLY CO3

.Find the response of the BT-L3
system y(t) for an input x(t) = u(t), if the initial conditions

are y(0) = 1; t=0 =2
9. Realize the following in direct form II. (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2
10. Determine frequency response and impulse responsefor the (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
system described by the following differential equation. BT-L2
Assume zero initial conditions.
.
11. Convolve the following signals: (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
x(t)=e-2tu(t-2) and h(t)= e-3tu(t) BT-L2 CO3
12. The input –output of a causal LTI system are related by the (13) APPLY CO3
differential equation d2/dt2 y(t) + 6 d/dt y(t) +8y(t) = BT-L3
2x(t).(i)Find the impulse response h(t).
(ii)Find y(t) of the system if x(t)=u(t)
13. An LTI system is represented by d2/dt2 y(t) + 4 d/dt y(t) – (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
4y(t) = x(t) with initial conditions y(0’)=0 .Find the output of BT-L2
the system, when the input is x|t=e-tu(t).
14. Obtain the convolution of the signals x1(t) = e-atu(t); (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
x2 (t) = e-btu(t) using FourierTransform. BT-L2
15. The input x(t) and output y(t) for a system satisfy the (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
differential equation d2y(t)/dt2 + 3 dy(t)/ dt +2y(t) = BT-L2
x(t).Compute the transfer function and impulse response.
16. Find the overall impulse response of the following system. (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
BT-L2

Here h1(t) =e-2tu(t)

h2(t) = (t) - (t-1)
h3(t) = (t). Also find the output of the system for the
input x(t) = u(t) usingconvolution integral.
17. Input and the output of a causal LTI system are related by (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
the differential equation BT-L2
d y(t)/dt2 + 6dy(t)/dt+8y(t) = 2x(t) ; Find the impulse
2
response
18. Find the convolution of the following signals: x(t) = e- (13) UNDERSTAND CO3
2tu(t)h(t)= u(t+2). BT-L2
19. Explain the properties of convolution integral. (13) UNDERSTAND CO3

BT-L2
PART-C
1. Using Laplace transform, find the impulse response of an (15) UNDERSTAND CO3
LTIsystemdescribed by the differential equation BT-L2
dy t  dy t 
2
2
  2 y t   xt 
dt dt
2. Find the convolution of the following signals, (15) UNDERSTAND CO3
x1(t)=eat u(t);x2(t) = e-btu(t). BT-L2
3. A stable LTI system is characterized by the differential (15) UNDERSTAND CO3
equation d2y(t)/dt2 + 4dy(t)/dt+3y(t) = dx(t)/dt +2x(t) Find BT-L2
the frequency response and impulse response using
Fourier transform.

UNIT- IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

PART-A
1. Find the Nyquist rate of the signal UNDERSTAND CO4
x(t)= cos𝟐𝟎𝟎𝛑𝐭 +sin400𝛑𝐭. BT-L2
f1 = 100Hz f2 = 200Hz therefore f max = 200Hz .Hence Nyquist rate fs = 2fmax = 400Hz
2. Find the z-transform and its associated ROC for the signal UNDERSTAND CO4
x[n]=𝛅 𝐧 + 𝟏 + 𝟐𝛅 𝐧 − 𝟑𝛅 𝐧 − 𝟐 . BT-L2
ROC of 𝛿 𝑛 + 1 + 2𝛿(𝑛) − 3𝛿(𝑛 − 2)is 𝑧 = 2↑ + 𝑧 −1 − 3𝑧 −2 . Therefore ROC is entire Z-

plane except z = 0 & z =
3. A continuous time signal x(t) has the following real UNDERSTAND CO4
Fourier transform: X(jΩ) = 1, |Ω|≤10π BT-L2
0, otherwise ,Is x(t) band

limited ? If so, find the Nyqui st rate.
Yes, x(t) is band limited signal and ΩB=10 π
Nyquist rate ΩS=2 ΩB =20 π
4. The DTFT of a discrete time signal x(n) is given as APPLY CO4
X(ejω)=2e2jω+3+4e-jω-2e-2jω. Find the time domain signal BT-L3
x(n).
The time domain signal x(n) is {2,0,3,4,-2}
5. Find the Nyquist rate of the signal x(t)=sin200πt- UNDERSTAND CO4
cos100πt. BT-L2
Nyquist rate, fs = 2fm
2 = 200 2 = 100
f1 = = 100 Hz f2 = = 50 Hz
Among the two f1 and f2 frequencies, f1 is maximum.
fs = 2(100) = 200Hz.
6. Write the conditions for existence of DTFT. UNDERSTAND CO4
BT-L2
The sufficient condition for the existence of DTFT for an aperiodic sequence
x(n) is if a sequence x(n) is absolutely summable, then DTFT
exists for the sequence x(n).
7. Find the final value of the given signal UNDERSTAND CO4
BT-L2
.
Given =
Here, (z-1) X(z) has a pole on the unit circle.

8. State the need of Sampling. UNDERSTAND CO4

BT-L2
The sampling is needed for the following reasons,
i.It converts a continuous time signal into discrete time samples with period T
ii.It prevents the aliasing effects due to overlapping of adjacent frequency components.
iii.Reconstruction of the original Continuous time signal is very easy.
9. Find the z-transform and its associated ROC for UNDERSTAND CO4
x[n]={1,-1,2,3,4}. BT-L2
X(z) =
X(z)=(1)z3 +(-1)z2+(2)z1+(3)z0+(4)z-1
X(z) = z3-z2+2z+3+4z-1 .
ROC : Entire z-plane except at z=0.
10. State and prove the Time folding property of UNDERSTAND CO4
Z transform. BT-L2
The Time folding property of z-transform is
Proof:
Where, m= -n
11. Find the DTFT of x(n)=(n)+(n-1). UNDERSTAND CO4
BT-L2
The DTFT {(n)+(n-1)}= X()=1+e –j2.
12. What is the z transform of ∂ (n+k)? REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
By time shifting property of Z transform ,
Z.T
=
13. Define unilateral and bilateral Z transform. REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
Bilateral Z-transform:
The bilateral or two-sided Z-transform of a discrete-time signal x[n] is defined as
Unilateral Z-transform:
Alternatively, in cases where x[n] is defined only for n ≥ 0, the single-sided or unilateral
Z-transform is defined as
14. What is aliasing? UNDERSTAND CO4

BT-L2

Aliasing is an effect refers to the distortion that results when the signal reconstructed from samples
is different from the original continuous signal as the sampling process not satisfied the Nyquist
rate
15. State the convolution properties of z transform. REMEMBER CO4

BT-L 1
Convolution of z-transform,
Convolution in Time Domain = Multiplication in z- Domain

16. What is ROC in z transform? UNDERSTAND CO4
BT-L2
The region of convergence, known as the ROC, defines the region where the z-transform exists.
The z-transform of a sequence is defined as
X(z)=
17. Define sampling theorem. REMEMBER CO4

BT-L 1
 Sampling is the process of converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal.
 The sampling theorem states that, a band limited signal x(t), is uniquely determined form its
samples x(nT), if the sampling frequency fs 2fm. Where, fm is the highest frequency present
in the signal.
 The minimum required conditions fs = 2fm is known as Nyquist rate.
18. State Parseval’s relation for discrete-time aperiodic REMEMBER CO4
signals BT-L 1
The discrete time Parseval's Theorem for a periodic function should have the1/N term
in the discrete time domain instead of in the frequency domain.
19. What is an anti-aliasing filter? UNDERSTAND CO4

BT-L2
An anti-aliasing filter is a filter used before a signal sampler, to restrict the bandwidth of the
signal to satisfy the sampling theorem, for proper reconstruction of the sampled signal.
20. Define DTFT and inverse DTFT. REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
The Fourier Transform of discrete time signals is called as Discrete Time Fourier TFT). The
DTFT is denoted by
The DTFT is given by,
The Inverse DTFT (IDTFT) is given by,
21. State the methods to find inverse z-transform. REMEMBER CO4

BT-L 1

Inverse z-transform can be obtained using

(i) Partial fraction expansion
(ii) Contour integration
(iii) Power series expansion
(iv) Convolution method.
22. What are the steps involved in reconstruction of signal REMEMBER CO4
from its samples. BT-L 1
The steps involved in reconstruction of signal from its samples are,
(i) Take inverse Fourier transform of X(f) which is interms of X(f).
(ii). x(t) is obtained back with the help of interpolation function.
23. Define system function. REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
Let x(n) and y(n) is the input and output sequences of an LTI system with impulse response
h(n). Then the system function of the LTI system is defined as ratio of Y(z) and X(z) i.e.,
H(z) = Y(z)/X(z)
Where Y(z) is the z-transform of the output signal y(n) and X(z) is the z-transform of the input
signal x(n).
24. State the initial value theorem REMEMBER CO4

BT-L 1
If x(n) is casual, then x(0) = lim (z) X(z)
25. State the final value theorem. REMEMBER CO4

BT-L 1
If x(n) is casual, Z[x(n)] = X(z),
where the ROC for X(z) includes, but is not necessarily confined to |z| > 1 and (z-1)X(z) has no
poles on or outside the unit circle.
26. Explain the linearity property of the z-transform. REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
If z{x1(n)} =X1(z) and z{x2(n)} = X2(z) then,

Z{a1x1(n)+a2x2(n)} =a1X(z)+a2X(z)
27. What is the ROC of the signal x(n)=δ(n-k),k>0? REMEMBER CO4
BT-L 1
The z-transform of a signal x(n) is
Given x(n)= δ(n-k)=1 at n=k

=> X(z)=z-kFrom the above equation, X(z) is defined at all values of z except at z=0 for k>0.
So ROC is defined as Entire z-plane, except at z=0.

PART-B
1. Find the DTFT of the rectangular pulse sequence shown (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
below and also plot the spectrum. BT-L2
n
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
z
2. Given the z-transform of a sequence x[n] as X(z)=z−1 (13) APPLY CO4
BT-L 3
3. Find the z-transform of the following signals in term of X(z) (13) APPLY CO4
using properties of z-transform BT-L 3
i)x[n-1] (3)
ii)x[-n] (3)
iii)α x[n]
n (3)
iv)nx[n] (4)
4. Let X(e ) be the Fourier transform of the sequence x[n].
jω (13) APPLY CO4
Determine in terms of x[n] the sequence corresponding to BT-L 3
the following transforms using the properties of DTFT. Also
prove the properties used.
(i) X(ej(ω-ω0)) (3)
(ii) X*(e-jω) (3)
(iii) j (d/dω) X(ejω) (3)
(iv) 1/2π X1(ejω) ℗ X1(ejω) (4)
5. Derive the z-transform of the following sequence (13) APPLY CO4
x[n]=sin(ω0n) u[n]. Also specify its ROC. BT-L 3
6. Given the Impulse response of a discrete time LTI system (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
h[n]=[-2(1/3)n + 3(1/2)n] u[n] BT-L2
(i) Find the system function H(z) of the system.
(ii) Find the difference equation representation
of the system.
(iii) Find the step response of the system.
7. The input output relationship of a discrete time system is (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
given by y[n]-1/4 y[n-1]=x[n]. Find the response y[n] if the BT-L2
Fourier transform of the input
x[n] is given as X(ejω) = 1/(1-1/2 e-jω)
8. (i) Discuss the effects of under sampling a signal using (07) REMEMBER CO4
necessary diagrams. BT-L 1
EVALUATE
(ii) Find the z-transform of x[n] = (06) CO4
BT-L5
and specify its ROC.
9. State and explain sampling theorem both in frequency and (13) UNDERSTAND CO4

time domains with necessary quantitative analysis and BT-L2

illustrations.
10. State and prove the following theorems: (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
(i) Convolution theorem of DTFT. BT-L2
(ii) Initial value theorem of z – transform.
11. State and prove any two properties of DTFT and any two (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
properties of z-Transform. BT-L2
12. Find inverse z-transform of (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
X(z) = z-1/(1-0.25z-1-0.375z-2) BT-L2
13. Find the Z transform and ROC of the sequence (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
x(n) = rncos (n ) u(n). BT-L2
14. (i) Give the relation between Discrete Time Fourier (07) REMEMBER BT- CO4
Transform (DTFT) and z-transform. L1
(ii) State and prove the time shifting property and time
reversal property of z-transform. (06)
15. (i) Find the inverse z-transform of the function (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
X(z) = (1+z-1) / ( 1- 2/3 z-1 )2 ROC |z| >2/3 BT-L2
16. (i) State and prove sampling theorem. (07) UNDERSTAND CO4
(ii) What is aliasing? Explain the steps to be taken to avoid (06) BT-L2
aliasing.
17. i)Find the Z transform of the sequence (07) UNDERSTAND CO4
x(n) = cos(n )u(n) BT-L2
(ii)Determine the inverse Z-transform of the following
(06)
expression using partial fraction
expansion: X(z) = 1/ (1-1/3z-1) ( 1- 1/6 z-1)
ROC |z| > 1/3
18. Obtain the inverse z transform of (13) UNDERSTAND CO4
X(z) = z2 / (z2-1.5z +0.5) BT-L2
for ROC (1) |z| > 1, (2) |z| < 0.5, (3) 0.5 < |z| < 1
PART-C
1. (15) UNDERSTAND CO4
Find the Fourier Transform of x(n) =
BT-L2
2. Find the z-transform of the given signalx(n) and find ROC. (15) UNDERSTAND CO4
x(n) = | sin on|u(n) BT-L2

UNIT- V LINEAR TIME INVARIANT-DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A
1. Convolve the following signal x[n] = {1, 2, 3} h[n] = {1, 2}. UNDERSTAND CO5
BT-L2
x(n) = { 1, 2, 3} h(n) = { 1,2} convolution of x(n) * h(n) = { 1, 4 , 7, 6}
2. Determine whether the following system is a recursive UNDERSTAND CO5

system and justify your answer BT-L2
Y[n] =2x[n] +3x [n-1]-2x [n-2].

The system is exactly depends only on present and previous inputs, hence it is an non -recursive
system.
3. Given the system function H(z)=z-1/(z-2+2z-1+4). Find the UNDERSTAND CO5
difference equation representation of the system. BT-L2
H(Z)=Y(Z)/X(Z)= H(z)=z /(z +2z +4)
-1 -2 -1
Cross multiplying (z-2+2z-1+4)Y(Z)= X(Z)

Taking IZT
y(n-2)+2y(n-1)+y(n)=x(n)
y(n)=-2y(n-1)-y(n-2)+x(n)
4. Convolve the sequences x[n]={1,2,3} and h[n]={1,1,2}. UNDERSTAND CO5
BT-L2
1 2 3
1 1 2 3
1 1 2 3
2 2 4 6 y(n) = { 1,3,7,7,6}
5. From discrete convolution sum, find the step response in REMEMBER BT-L 1 CO5
terms of h(n).
Convolution sum
y(n) = x(n) * h(n) =
Step Response means the output y(n) for the input x(n) = u(n).
y(n)=
6. Define the non recursive system. REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
A Non-Recursive system is one in which the output is dependent only on its present
inputs & not on past outputs.

7. Distinguish between recursive and non-recursive REMEMBER BT-L1 CO5

systems.
Recursive Systems Non-Recursive Systems

1. Output depends on any number of Past Output only depends on Present and Past
outputs and Present and Past input values. input values.
2. All IIR Systems are recursive systems. All FIR Systems are Non- recursive systems
3.Y[n]=F[y(n-1),y(n-2)…y(n-N),x(n),x(n-1)….] Y[n]=F[x(n),x(n-1)….x(n-M)]
8. Given the impulse response of a linear time invariant UNDERSTAND CO5

system as h(n)=sinn, check whether the system is BT-L2
stable or not?
The given system is stable since for it maintains the same amplitude and frequency throughout
the given duration of time.
9. If X(w) is the DTFT of x(n), what is the DTFT of x(-n)? UNDERSTAND CO5
BT-L2
DTFT:
DTFT:
10. In terms of RoC, state the condition for an LTI discrete UNDERSTAND CO5
time system to be causal and stable. BT-L2
If an LTI system is causal if a right sided impulse response function h(n)=0 for n<0, then the ROC
of its transfer function H(z) is the exterior of a circle including infinity. For stable, the ROC is the
exterior of a circle outside the out-most pole, and the order of numerator is no greater than the
order of the denominator.
11. Is the discrete time system described by the difference UNDERSTAND CO5
equation y(n ) = x(-n) causal. BT-L2
No, the system is not causal, because the output depends on the future input.
12. Define convolution sum with its equation. REMEMBER BT-L 1 CO5
The Convolution sum (or) the Linear Convolution givesthe output or response of a DT system
which is the Convolution of the input sequence &Impulse response sequence.
y(n) = x(n)*h(n) y(n)= .
13. Define the shifting property of the discrete time unit REMEMBER CO5
impulse function. BT-L1
The shifting property of discrete time unit impulse function is defined as

14. Define system function. REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
System function is the relation between the input and output of a lineartime-invariant system
with zero initial conditions.
Eg:y(n)=3/2y(n-1)-1/2y(n-2)+x(n)+x(n-1)
15. What is the z transform of the sequence x(n) = an u(n) ? REMEMBER CO5
BT-L1
By the definition of Z transform,
X(z) =
=
=
16. What is the difference equation for non recursive REMEMBER CO5
system? BT-L1
The difference equation for non recursive system,

y[n] = where bk=h(k) is the impulse response samples.
y[n] =
ie. For a non recursive system the output depends on current and past input values.
For a recursive system the output depends on the past output values.
ie. y[n] =
17. What is the condition for a system to be a causal for a REMEMBER CO5
LTI system? BT-L1
An LTI system is said to be causal if an only if h(n) = 0, for n = 0.
18. How Z-transform is relate to Fourier transform REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
DTFT[x(n)] = X(ejw) = X(z) at z=ejω

Fourier transform is basically a z-transform evaluated on the unit circle i.e.
X(z)|z=ejw=X(w) at |z|=1.
19. If u(n) is the impulse response of the system, what is its REMEMBER CO5
step response? BT-L1
Here h(n) = u(n) and the input is x(n)=u(n)

Hence output y(n)=h(n)*x(n)
y(n)= u(n)*u(n)

20. List two differences between IIR and FIR filters. REMEMBER CO5
BT-L1
FIR IIR
The length of impulse response is finite The length of impulse response is infinite
There is no feedback from the output There is feedback from the output
Computation complexity is less More Computation complexity
21. Differentiate DTFT and DFT. REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
DFT DTFT
Obtained by performing sampling Sampling is performed only in time domain.

operation in both the time and
frequency domains
Discrete frequency spectrum. Continuous function of ω
22. What are the properties of impulse invariance REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
transformation?
Mapping: HA(p) ->H(z), Resulting filter implementation as a parallel bank of two-pole filter.
Aliasing effect following from sampling process & its impact and p ->z mapping & its impact.
23. Prove the distributive property of convolution. REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
By definition,
Proof,

23. State the convolution propoerty of Z-Transforms. REMEMBER CO5

BT-L1
24. What are the steps to be followed to perform REMEMBER CO5

discrete convolution ? BT-L1
The four steps involved in discrete convolution are
1.folding
2,shifting
3.Multiplication
4.Summation
25. List the types of system realization structure? REMEMBER CO5
BT-L1
1.Direct form structure
2.Cascade structure
3. Parallel structure
PART-B
1. Convolve the following signal x[n] =αnu[n]
h[n] =u [n-1]. (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
BT-L2
2. Consider a DT LTI system whose system function H(z) is (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
z
given by H(z)=z−0.5 z > 0.5. Find h(n). BT-L2
3. Let y[n]=x[n]*h[n] Where x[n]=(1/3)n u(n) and h[n]=(1/5)n (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
u(n) Find y(z) by using the convolution property of z- BT-L2
transform and find y[n] by taking the inverse transform of
y(z) using the partial fraction expansion method.
4. A causal DT LTI system is described by the difference (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
equation y[n-2]-(7/10) y[n-1]+(1/10) y[n]=x[n].Determine BT-L2
the system function H(z). Also plot the pole-zero plot and
determine whether the system is stable.
5. Convolve the signals x[n] =u[n]-u [n-3] and h[n]=(0.5)n u[n]. (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
BT-L2
6. Determine whether the given system is stable by finding (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
H(z) and plotting the pole-zero diagram y[n]=2y[n-1]- BT-L2
0.8y[n-2]+x[n]+0.8x[n-1].
7. A system is governed by a linear constant coefficient (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
difference equation, BT-L2
y(n) = 0.7y(n-1) – 0.1 y(n-2) + 2x(n-2).Find the output

response of the system y(n) for an input x(n) = u(n).

8. Convolve the following signals: (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
x[n]=(1/2)n-2 u[n-2] and h[n]= u[n+2] BT-L2
9. A LTI DT System is described by the difference equation (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
y(n)=3/2y(n-1)-1/2y(n-2)+x(n)+x(n-1) is given an input BT-L2
x(n)=u(n). Find (i) TF of the System and (ii) impulse
response of the System.
10. Compute convolution sum of the following sequences (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
x(n) = BT-L2
h(n) =
11. Determine the transfer function and the impulse response (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
for the causal LTI system described by the difference BT-L2
equation using Z transform
y(n) - ¼ y(n-1)-3/8 y(n-2) = - x(n) + 2x(n-1)
12. A linear time-invariant system is characterized by the (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
system function BT-L2
H(z)= , specify the ROC of H(z) and determine
h(n) for the following conditions ,

i.The system is stable (ii) The system is causal
iii.The system is anti causal
13. Obtain the system function of the system described by (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
difference equation BT-L2
y(n) + ¼ y(n-1)+1/8 y(n-2) = x(n) + x(n-1)
14. Find the impulse response of the discrete time system (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
described by the difference equation BT-L2
Y (n-2)-3y(n-1)+2y(n) = x(n-1).
15. Derive the necessary and sufficient condition for BIBO (13) UNDERSTAND CO5
stability of an LSI system. BT-L2
PART-C
1. Find the impulse and step response of the following (15) UNDERSTAND CO5
system BT-L2
y(n) – 3/4 y(n-1) + 1/8 y(n-2) = x(n)
2. Obtainthestep response of the following system. (15) UNDERSTAND CO5
y(n) – ¼ y(n-1)- 1/8 y(n-2) = x(n) +3 x(n-1)+ 2x(n-2) BT-L2

Subject Code / Name: EC 3351 Signals and Systems
UNIT-1 CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

PART-A (2- MARKS)
1. Determine whether the signal is periodic. If AU AM UNDERSTAND CO1
yes, find the fundamental period. 2023 BT-L2
The given signal is complex exponential signal. Therefore the given signal is periodic with a
fundamental period of 5 samples.
2. Define even and odd signal. AU AM REMEMBER CO1
2023 BT-L1
A DT signal x(n) is said to be an even signal if x(-n)=x(n) and an odd signal

if x(-n)=-x(n).
A CT signal is x(t) is said to be an even signal if x(t)=x(-t) and an odd signal
if x(-t)=-x(t).
3. State whether the following system AU ND UNDERSTAND CO1
is time variant or not. 2022 BT-L2
y(t) = 2tx(t)
Replace t by (t-k).
Y = y(t-k) = x(t-k) = x(t-k)
Delay the signal before processing. Delay the input sample alone.
y(t) = 2tx(t-k)
Y' = 2(t-k)x(t-k)
Clearly Y ≠ Y'
Thus, this is a time-variant system.
4. Differentiate between the causal and non-causal AU ND UNDERSTAND CO1
systems. 2022 BT-L2
Causal System Non Causal System

The output of casual system depends A system whose present response depends
on present and past inputs, it means on future values of the inputs is called as a
y(n) is a function of x(n), x(n-1), x(n- non-causal system, output y(n) is function
2), x(n-3)…etc. Since future samples of x(n), x(n-1), x(n-2)…etc. as well as it is
are not present; causal system is function of x(n+1), x(n+2), x(n+3), … etc.
memory less system.
Practically realizable Since non-causal system contains future
samples; a non-causal system is practically
not realizable.
Example: y(n) = x(n) + x(n-2) Example: y(n) = x(n) + x(n+1)
y(n) = x(n-1) – x(n-3) y(n) = 7x(n+2)
y(n) = 7x(n-5) y(n) = x(n) + 9x(n+5)
PART-B
1. Explain all classification of systems with (13) AU AM REMEMBER CO1
examples for each category. 2023 BT-L1
SS- 3. AU -1 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/ SS

2. For the given Plot the (13) AU AM APPLY CO1

following signals. 2023 BT-L3
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3. Determine the periodicity of the following (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO1
continuous time signals. 2022 BT-L2
(i)
(ii)
4. Test whether the system (13) AU ND APPLY CO1
is linear or not. 2022 BT-L3
UNIT-II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS

PART-A (2- MARKS)
1. State the Dirichlet’s conditions for the Fourier AU AM REMEMBER CO2
transform to exist. 2023 BT-L1
The conditions for x(t) to have Fourier transform is the Dirichlet’s condition,
(i) x(t) must be absolutely integrate able over ( ) i.e,
(ii) x(t ) must have finite number of discontinuities and
(iii) x(t) must have finite number of maxima and minima in every finite time interval.
2. Find the RoC of the LT of x(t)=u(t). AU AM UNDERSTAND CO2
2023 BT-L2
The LT value of the unit step signal is (1/s).Here the value of s is positive, hence the poles
are lies within the right side of the S-plane. RoC lies between 0 to
3. Find the Laplace transform of u(t). AU ND REMEMBER CO2

2022 BT-L1
Laplace transform of u(t),
L[ u(t)] = (Formula)
4. Define Fourier transform. AU ND UNDERSTAND CO2
2022 BT-L2
Fourier Transform is a mathematical model which helps to transform the signals between
two different domains, such as transforming signal from frequency domain to time domain
or vice versa.
Let x(t) be the signal which is the function of time t. The Fourier transform of x(t) is given
by X(ω)= x(t)e-jωtdt.
PART-B
1. Consider a causal discrete time LTI system (13) AU AM APPLY CO2
whose input and y are related by the 2023 BT-L3
following difference equation:
Find the Fourier
series representation of the output y for
each of the following signals:

(i)
(ii)
2. i) Determine the Fourier transform of double- (06) AU AM UNDERSTAND CO2

sided exponential signal. 2023 BT-L2
(ii) Solve the given differential equation using (07)
Laplace transform
with
the initial conditions
.
3. Derive the fourier transform expression from (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO2

the exponential form of fourier series. 2022 BT-L2
4. State and prove the initial value theorem and (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO2
final value theorem using Laplace transform. 2022 BT-L2
UNIT-III LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A (2- MARKS)
1. Define convolution integral of continuous time AU AM REMEMBER CO3
signal. 2023 BT-L1
Given two continuous-time signals x(t) and ν(t), we define their convolution x(t) * ν(t) as
y(t)=x(t) * ν(t) = where x(t)-input signal and v(t-k)-delayed impulse
sequence and y(t)-output response.
2. When the Linear Time Invariant Continuous AU AM REMEMBER CO3
Time is said to be stable? 2023 BT-L1
A linear time-invariant (LTI) system is said to be stable if: The bounded input sequence
always produces a bounded output sequence. Its natural response approaches zero as time
approaches infinity.
3. Determine the impulse response h(t) of the AU ND UNDERSTAND CO3

following system 2022 BT-L2
h(t) is an impulse response that is infinite in magnitude and occurs at the time instant t0.
This means that when an impulse is applied at time t0 as the input x(t)=δ(t−t0)), the system
responds with an impulse response h(t) that is also infinite in magnitude at the same time
t0.
So, the impulse response of the system y(t)=x(t−t0) is an impulse of infinite magnitude at
t=t0.
4. Perform the convolution of the causal signal AU ND UNDERSTAND CO3
using Laplace 2022 BT-L2
transform.
Take the Laplace Transform of each signal:

Multiply the Laplace Transforms of the two signals to perform convolution in the Laplace
domain:
Finally, take the inverse Laplace Transform to obtain the convolution result in the time
domain:
PART-B
1. A causal LTI system having a frequency (13) AU AM UNDERSTAND CO3

response producing an 2023 BT-L2
output.
for a particular
input x(t). Determine x (t).
2. Realize the given system in parallel form H(s) (13) AU AM APPLY CO3
= s(s+2)/ (s3+8s2+9s+12). 2023 BT-L3
3. Explain the cascade the structure and parallel (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO3
structure of continuous time systems 2022 BT-L2
with neat diagrams.
4. Perform convolution of (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO3
2022 BT-L2
using
Laplace transform
PART-C
1. Find the convolution of the following signals, AU AM APPLY CO3
x (t) =e-at u(t);x2(t) = e-btu(t).
1
2023 BT-L3
2. Using Laplace transform, find the impulse (15) AU AM APPLY CO3
response of an LTI system described by the 2023 BT-L3
differential equation
with initial
conditions for the
input
UNIT-IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS

PART-A (2- MARKS)
1. Determine the system function of the discrete AU AM UNDERSTAND CO4
time system described by the difference 2023 BT-L2
equation.

Taking Z-Transform of the above equation, we get
2. Mention the effects of aliasing. AU AM UNDERSTAND CO4

2023 BT-L2
Aliasing is an unwanted phenomenon that occurs in signal processing, particularly in the
context of sampling and digitizing continuous signals. It can have several adverse effects on
the accuracy and integrity of the sampled signal. Here are the main effects of aliasing:
 Frequency Folding
 Loss of Information
 False Frequency Components
 Distortion and Artifacts
 Inaccurate Measurements
3. Compare Fourier transform of discrete and AU ND REMEMBER CO4
continuous time signals. 2022 BT-L1
Transform CT signals DT signals
For Continuous and aperiodic in

Fourier time
Transform
For Continuous and periodic in

frequency
4. State the linearity property of Z transform. AU ND REMEMBER CO4

2022 BT-L1
If z{x1(n)} =X1(z) and z{x2(n)} = X2(z) then,
Z{a1x1(n)+a2x2(n)} =a1X(z)+a2X(z)
PART-B
1. State and prove Sampling theorem. (13) AU AM UNDERSTAND CO4
2023 BT-L2
2. Find the Z transform and sketch the ROC of (13) AU AM UNDERSTAND CO4
the following sequence x[n] = 2n u[n] + 3n u(- 2023 BT-L2
n - 1).
3. Explain the Correlation property and (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO4

Parseval’s relation DTFT. 2022 BT-L2

4. Find the one sided Z transform of the discrete (13) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO4
time signals generated by mathematically 2022 BT-L2
sampling the following continuous time signal
PART-C
1. Using a Z Transform, perform deconvolution (15) AU ND APPLY CO1
of the response, 2023 BT-L3
and impulse response to
extract the input x(n).
2. Evaluate the step response of an LTI system (15) AU ND APPLY
whose impulse response, is given by 2023 BT-L3
.
UNIT-V LINEAR TIME INVARIANT-DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS

PART-A (2- MARKS)
1. Convolve the two sequences AU AM UNDERSTAND CO5
2023 BT-L2
2. List the difference between recursive and non- AU AM UNDERSTAND CO5

recursive systems. 2023 BT-L2
Recursive Systems Non-Recursive Systems

1. Output depends on any number of Past Output only depends on Present and
outputs and Present and Past input Past input values.
values.
2. All IIR Systems are recursive systems. All FIR Systems are Non- recursive
systems
3.Y[n]=F[y(n-1),y(n-2)…y(n-N),x(n),x(n- Y[n]=F[x(n),x(n-1)….x(n-M)]
1)….]
3. What is recursive systems? AU ND REMEMBER CO5
2022 BT-L1
A system is said to be recursive system if its output depends on any number of Past
outputs and Present and Past input values.

4. . In an LTI system the impulse response, AU ND UNDERSTAND CO5

0. Determine the range of 2022 BT-L2
values of C, for which the system is stable.
In an LTI (Linear Time-Invariant) system, stability is determined by the impulse response. For
an LTI discrete-time system to be stable, the impulse response should have a bounded sum. In
other words, the system is stable if and only if the sum of the absolute values of the impulse
response is finite. Mathematically:
Therefore, the range of values for �C that makes the system stable is:
∣C∣<1
PART-B
1. For a causal LTI system the input x(n) and (07) AU AM UNDERSTAND CO5
output y(n) are related through a difference 2023 BT-L2
equation y(n) -1/6 y(n-1)- 1/6 y(n-2) = x(n).
Determine the frequency response )
and the impulse response h(n) of the system.
2. Analyze on recursive and non -recursive (07) AU AM APPLY CO5
systems with an example. 2023 BT-L3
3. Find the transfer function and unit sample (08) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO5
response of the second order difference 2022 BT-L2
equation with zero initial conditions
4. Find the linear convolution of the sequence, (06) AU ND UNDERSTAND CO5

and 2022 BT-L2
*******************
B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2022

Third Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC3354 - SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks
PART – A (10X2=20 marks)
1. State whether the following system is time variant or not.
2. Differentiate between the causal and non-causal systems.
3. Define Fourier transform.
4. If Find the Laplace transform of .
5. Determine the impulse response h(t) of the following system

6. Perform the convolution of the causal signal using Laplace transform.

7. Compare Fourier transform of discrete and continuous time signals.
8. State the linearity property of Z transform.
9. What is recursive systems?
10. In an LTI system the impulse response, 0. Determine the range of values of C,
for which the system is stable.
PART-B (5X13-65 marks)
11. (a) Determine the periodicity of the following continuous time signals.
(i)
(ii)
Or
(b) Test whether the system is linear or not.
12. (a) Derive the fourier transform expression from the exponential form of fourier series.
Or
(b) State and prove the initial value theorem and final value theorem using Laplace
transform.
13. (a) Explain the cascade the structure and parallel structure of continuous time systems
with neat diagrams.
Or
(b) Perform convolution of using
Laplace transform.
14. (a) Explain the Correlation property and Parseval’s relation DTFT.
Or
(b) Find the one sided Z transform of the discrete time signals generated by
mathematically sampling the following continuous time signal
15. (a) Find the transfer function and unit sample response of the second order difference
equation with zero initial conditions
Or
(b) Find the linear convolution of the sequence, and
PART-C (1x15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) Using a Z Transform, perform deconvolution of the response,
and impulse response to extract the
input x(n).

Or
(b) Evaluate the step response of an LTI system whose impulse response, is given by
.

B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL / MAY 2023

Third Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC3354 - SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks
PART – A (10X2=20 marks)
1. Determine whether the signal is periodic. If yes, find the fundamental period.
2. Define even and odd signal.

3. State the Dirichlet’s conditions for the Fourier transform to exist.
4. Draw the ROC of the Laplace transform of a signal
5. Find the step response of a LTI system with impulse response
6. When the Linear Time Invariant Continuous Time is said to be stable?
7. Determine the system function of the discrete time system described by the difference
equation.
8. Mention the effects of aliasing.

9. Convolve the two sequences
10. List the difference between recursive and non-recursive systems.
PART – B (5X13=65 marks)

11. (a) Explain all classification of systems with examples for each category. (13)
Or
(b) For the given Plot the following signals.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
12. (a) Consider a causal discrete time LTI system whose input and y are related by the
following difference equation: Find the Fourier series
representation of the output y for each of the following signals:
(i)
(ii)
Or
(b) (i) Determine the Fourier transform of double-sided exponential signal.
(ii) Solve the given differential equation using Laplace transform

, with the initial conditions
.
13. A causal LTI system having a frequency response producing an output.
for a particular input x(t). Determine x (t).
(or)
Realize the given system in parallel form H(s) = s(s+2)/ (s3+8s2+9s+12).
14. State and prove Sampling theorem.
(or)
Find the Z transform and sketch the ROC of the following sequence x[n] = 2n u[n] + 3n u(- n -
1).
15. For a causal LTI system the input x(n) and output y(n) are related through a difference
equation y(n) -1/6 y(n-1)- 1/6 y(n-2) = x(n). Determine the frequency response ) and
the impulse response h(n) of the system.
(or)
Analyze on recursive and non -recursive systems with an example.
PART – B (5X13=65 marks)
16.(a) Find the convolution of the following signals, x1(t) =e-at u(t);x2(t) = e-btu(t).
(or)
(b) Using Laplace transform, find the impulse response of an LTI system described by
the differential equation with initial conditions
for the input

EC3354 Signals and Systems

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EC3354 Signals and Systems

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FORMAT : QP09 KCE / DEPT.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBJECT NAME : SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

YEAR / SEMESTER : II / III

QUESTION BANK (EC3354)

SS - 3.1 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

EC 3354 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS L T P C

UNIT I CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (6+6)

UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS (6+6)

UNIT III LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS (6+6)

UNIT IV ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME SIGNALS (6+6)

UNIT V LINEAR TIME INVARIANT-DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS (6+6)

SIGNATURE OF STAFF INCHARGE HOD/ECE

SS - 3.2 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Sub. Code : EC 3354 Branch / Year / Sem : B.E ECE(A&B)/ II /III

W1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104074/1 (Topic.No:06)

SS - 3.3 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

UNIT II ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS TIME SIGNALS (7+6)

Fourier series for

SS - 3.4 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

Topic No Topic Books for Page No. Teaching No. of Cumulative

Topic No Topic Books for Page Teaching No. of Cumulative

At the end of this course, the students should be able to

 Determine if a given system is linear/causal/stable

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT DETAILS

TEST No. CAT- I CAT- II MODEL

Topic Nos. 1-12 13-24 1-24

SS - 3.6 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

34. Static and dynamic systems

SS - 3.8 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

Level-2 (17 Students)

SS - 3.9 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

L2- Q29-34 APH Presentation: 15 Marks

L3-Q44 Gate questions 2020-2021 Questions and answers

SS - 3.10 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

COURSE ASSESSMENT PLAN

Course Outcome Alignment Matrix-MODEL EXAM SAMPLE QUESTION SET

Q.No. Question Marks CO BTL

1 Name two properties of impulse function. 2 CO1 L1

4 Explain Parseval’s relation for continuous time Fourier 2 CO4 L2

9 Spell the condition for stability of a DT-LTI system with 2 CO3 L1

SS - 3.11 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

Q.No. Question Marks CO BTL

11b (ii)Construct the waveform for the signal 6 CO3 L1

12.a. Show the Fourier series coefficient of fully rectified 13 CO3 L2

12b. Show any five properties of Laplace transform with 13 CO3 L2

13.a (i)Solve the Inverse Laplace transform of the following 7 CO4 L1

13.a (ii) 6 CO4 L1

13.b (i) Identify the response for the input 7 CO3 L2

using Laplace transform.

14.a. Analyze sampling theorem with necessary equation 13 CO2 L3

14.b Evaluate the Inverse Z-Transform of the following, 13 CO2 L3

15.a. Determine the output of LTI system whose input and

SS - 3.12 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

Q.No. Question Marks CO BTL

given an input x(n)=u(n)

conditions y(0-)=0 and for the input

Using Laplace transform.

ASSESSMENT PAPER QUALITY MATRIX

SS - 3.13 KCE/ECE/QB/II YR/SS

UNIT- I CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

2. Given an example for deterministic and random signals. REMEMBER CO1

 (t ) occurs, when t=0