Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Lecture

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Fundamentals OF Nursing Practice Lecture
BSNursing (Saint Paul University Philippines)
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Arazas, Mary Jony P. (kimmjp13@gmail.com)
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DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING

FUNDAMENTAL CULTURE
S OF NURSING NURSING CONCEPTS OF MAN
1. MAN IS A BIOPHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL

PRACTICE BEING WHO IS IN CONSTANT CONTACT
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT (ROY)
LECTURE – 2. MAN IS AN OPEN SYSTEM IN CONSTANT

INTERACTION WITH THE CHANGING
NCM 103 ENVIRONMENT (ROY)
3. MAN IS A UNIFIED WHOLE COMPOSED

OF PARTS WHICH ARE
CONCEPT OF MAN, HEALTH, AND ILLNESS
INTERDEPENDENT AND INTERRELATED
“THE PERSON IS HE TO WHOM THIS NATURE IS WITH EACH OTHER (ROGERS)
GIVEN AND WHO HAS TO USE IT FOR HIS
PURPOSES (PALMIANO, 2019)” 4. MAN IS COMPOSED OF PARTS WHICH
ARE GREATER THAN AND DIFFERENT
NURSING METAPRADIGM
FROM ALL OF ITS PARTS (ROGERS)
 PERSON
 ENVIRONMENT 5. MAN IS COMPOSED OF SUBSYSTEMS
 NURSING AND SUPRASYSTEMS
 HEALTH
6. MAN IS AN INDIVIDUAL WITH VITAL
PERSON
REPARATIVE PROCESSES TO DEAL WITH
- RECIEPIENT OF NURSING CARE DISEASE AND DESIROUS OF HEALTH BUT
- CENTRAL TO THE NURSING CARE PASSIVE IN TERMS OF INFLUENCING
PROVIDED THE ENVIRONMENT OR NURSE
- PROVIDE INDIVIDUALIEZED PATIENT- (NIGHTINGALE)
CENTERED CARE
7. MAN, AS A WHOLE, COMPLETE AND
MAN INDEPENDENT BEING WHO HAS 14
4 MAJOR ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEING FUNDAMENTAL NEEDS TO: BREATHE
1. THE CAPACITY TO THINK OR EAT AND DRINK ELIMINATE MOVE AND
CONCEPTUALIZED ON THE ABSTRACT MAINTAIN POSTURE SLEEP AND REST
LEVEL DRESS AND UNDRESS MAINTAIN BODY
2. FAMILY FPORMATIUON TEMPERATURE KEEP CLEAN AVOID
3. THE TENDENCY TO SEEK AND MAINTAIN DANGER COMMUNICATE WORSHIP
A TERRITORY WORK PLAY (HENDERSON) LEAR
4. THE ABILITY TO USE VERBAL SYMBOLS
AS LANGUAGE, A MEANS OF 8. MAN IS A UNITY WHO CAN BE VIEWED
AS FUNCTIONING BIOLOGICALY,
Cariño, Reygine BSN2C

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SYMBOLICALLY, AND SOCIALLY AND SHOULD NOT BE BLAMED FOR THEIR ILLNESS
WHO INITIATES AND PERFORMS SELF AND THEY SHOULD BE TAKEN CARE OF BY
CARE ACTIVITIES ON OWN BEHALF IN OTHERS UNTIL THEY CAN RESUME THEIR
MAINTAINING LIFE, HEALTH AND WELL NORMAL SOCIAL ROLE.
– BEING (OREM)
NURSES, ARE IN THE UNIQUE POSITION TO

OBLIGATIONS:
HELP PATIENTS ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN
OPTIMAL LEVELS OF HEALTH (POTTER AND 1. THE SICK PERSON IS EXPECTED TO SEE BEING
PERRY, ET. AL, 2018) SICK AS UNDESIRABLE AND SO ARE UNDER THE
OBLIGATION TO TRY AND GET WELL AS QUICKLY
AS POSSIBLE.
HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS
2. AFTER A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME, THE SICK
HEALTH PERSON MUST SEEK TECHNICALLY COMPETENT
HELP (USUALLY A DOCTOR) AND COOPERATE
- WHO (1947) DEFINES HEALTH AS “A
WITH THE ADVICE OF THE DOCTOR IN ORDER
STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL
TO GET BETTER.
AND SOCIAL WELLBEING AND NOT
MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OF WELLNESS
INFIRMITY”
- STATE OF WELLBEING
- NIGHTINGALE, DESCRIBE IT AS “A STATE
- BASIC ASPECTS OF WELLNESS INCLUDE
OF BEING WELL AND USING EVERY
SELF RESPONSIBILITY; AN ULTIMATE
POWER THE INDIVIDUAL POSSESSESS
GOAL; A DYNAMIC, GROWING PROCESS
TO THE FULLEST EXTENT”
- DAILY NUTRITION, STRESS
- PARSONS (1951) DEFINED HEALTH AS
MANAGEMNER, PHYSICAL FITNESS,
“THE ABILITY TO MAINTAIN NORMAL
PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE, EMOTIONAL
ROLES”
HEALTH AND MOST IMPORTANTLY THE
WHOLE BEING OF THE INDIVIDUAL
CONCEPT OF SICK ROLES
RIGHTS:
1. THE SICK PERSON IS TEMPORARILY EXEMPT

FROM PERFORMING ‘NORMAL’ SOCIAL ROLES
(SUCH AS GOING TO WORK OR
HOUSEKEEPING). THE MORE SEVERE THE
SICKNESS, THE GREATER THE EXEMPTION.
2. A GENUINE ILLNESS IS SEEN AS BEYOND THE

CONTROL OF THE SICK PERSON AND NOT
CURABLE BY SIMPLE WILLPOWER AND
MOTIVATION. THEREFORE, THE SICK PERSON PHYSICAL

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- ABILITY TO CARRY OUT DAILY TASK, - BELIEF IN SOME FORCE THAT SERVES TO
ACHIEVE FITNESS, MAINTAIN ADEQUATE UNITE HUMAN BEINGS AND PROVIDE
NUTRITION AND PROPER BODY FAT, MEANING AND PURPOSE TO LIFE;
AVOID ABUSING DRUGS AND ALCIOHOL INCLUDES A PERSON’S MORAL, VALUE
OR USING TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND - AND ETHICS
GENERALLY PRACTICE A POSITIVE
LIFESTYLE HABITS
ENVIRONMENT
INTELLECTUAL
- ABILITY TO PROMOTE HEALTH
- ABILITY TO LEARN AND USE
MEASURE THAT IMPROVE THE
INFORMATION EFFECTIVELY FOR
STANDARD OF LIVING AND QUALITY OF
PERSONAL FAMILY AND CAREER
LIFE IN THE COMMUNITY. IT INCLUDES
DEVELOPMENT. IT INVOLVES STRIVING
INFLUENCES SUSCH FOOD, WATER AND
FOR CONTINUED GORWTH AND
AIR.
LEARNING TO DEAL WITH NEW
CHALLENGES EFFECTIVELY MODELS IF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
SOCIAL CLINICAL MODEL
- ABILITY TO INTERACT TO SUCCESSFULLY - HEALTH IS IDENTIFIED BY THE ABSENCE
WITH PEOPLE AND WITHIN THE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE
ENVIRONMENT OF WHICH EACH OR INJURY
PERSON IS A PART, DEVELOPS AND
MAINTIN INTIMACY WITH SIGNIFICANT ROLE-PERFORMANCE MODEL
OTHERS AND DEVELOP RESPECT AND - HEALTH IS INDICATED BY ABILITY TO
TOLERANCE FOR THOSE WITH PERFORM SOCIAL ROLES
DIFFERENT OPINIONS AND BELIEFS
ADAPTIVE MODEL
OCCUPUTATIONAL
- HEALTH IS A CREATIVE PROCESS;
- ABILITY TOA CHIEVE A BALANCE DISEASE IS A FAILURE IN ADAPTATION,
BETWEEN WORK AND LEISURE TIME, A OR MALADAPTION
PERSON’S BELIFES ABOUT EDUCATION,
EMPLOYMENT, AND HOME MAY EUDEMONISTIC MODEL
INFLUENCE PERSONAL SATISFACTION - HEALTH IS SEEN AS A CONDITION OF
AND RELATIONSHIP TO OTHERS ACTUALIZATION OF A PERSON’S
EMOTIONAL POTENTIAL
- ABILITY TO MANAGE STRESS AND TO

EXPRESS EMOTIONS APPROPRIATELY. ECOLOGIC MODEL
INVOLVES ABILITY TO REGOCNIZE,
ACCEPT AND EXPRESS FEELINGS, AND
ACCEPTS ONE’S LIMITATION
SPIRITUAL

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FUNCTIONING IS THOUGHT TO BE
DIMINISHED OR IMPARED
DISEASE
- AN ALTERATION IN BODY FUNCTIONS

RESULTING IN A REDUCTION OF
CAAPACITIES OR A SHORTENING OF THE
NORMAL LIFE SPAN
DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS GRID
STAGES OF ILLNESS (SUCHMANN, 1979)
TRAVIS ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM
1. SYMPTOM EXPERIENCES
2. ASSUMPTION OF THE SICK ROLE
3. MEDICAL CARE CONTACT
4. DEPENDENT CLIENT ROLE
5. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION
ACUTE
ILLNESS
- S/S OF SHORT DURATION
- REFERS TO A HIGHLY PERSONAL STATE - APPEAR ABRUPTLY
IN WHICH THE PERSON’S PHYSICAL, - SUBSIDE QUICKLY
EMOTIONAL INTELLECTAUL, SOCIAL,
DEVELOPMENT OR SPIRITUAL

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- DEPENDING ON THE CAUSE, MAY OR AND CONFLICT ABOUT

MAY NOT REQUIRE HEALTH CARE UNACCUSROMED RESPONSIBILITIES
INTERVENTION 4. CHANGE IN SOCIAL CUSTOMS
CHRONIC
- EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME HEALTH PROMOTION – WELLNESS EDUCATION

- USUALLY, 6 MONTHS OR LONGER TEACHES PEOPLE HOW TO CARE FOR
- SLOW ONSET THEMSELVES IN A HEALTHY WAY, INCLUDES:
- OFTEN HAVE PERIODS OD REMISSION
- TOPICS ON PHYSICAL AWARENESS
OR EXACERBATION
- STRESS MANAGEMENT
- SELF RESPONSIBILITY
SICK ROLE (PARSONS, 1979) HEALTH PREVENTION – ACTIVITIES SUCH AS:
RIGHTS: - IMMUNIZATION
- PROGRAMS THAT PROTECT FORM
1. CLIENTS ARE NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE
ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL
FOR THEIR CONDITION
2. CLIENTS ARE EXCUSED FROM THEIR
CERTAIN SOCIAL ROLESAND TASKS
HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES
OBLIGATIONS:
WELLNESS-0ENHANCING STRATEGIES
3. CLIENTS ARE OBLIGED TO TRY TO GET
AND ILLNESS PREVENTION ACTIVITIES
WELL AS QUIXKLY AS POSSIBLE
4. CLIENTS OR THEIR FAMILIES ARE (IMPORTANT FORMS OF HEALTH CARE)
ONLIGES TO SEEK COMPETENT HELP
I
I
EFFECTS OF ILLNESS
I
INDIVIDUAL
MAINTAIN AND IMPORVE HEALTH OF PATIENTS
1. BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL
2. CHANGES IN SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY LEVELS OF PREVENTION
IMAGE PRIMARY – ALL PRACTICES TO KEEP HEALTH
3. LIFESTYLE CHANGES PROBLEMS FROM DEVELOPING:
- CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS
FAMILY - DIET: EATING CALCIUM RICH FOODS,
PREVENTS OSTEOPROSIS
1. ROLE CHANGES - NON-SMOKING PREVENT LUNG CA
2. TASK REASSIGNMENTS
3. INCREASE STRESS DUE TO ANXIETY SECONDARY – ALL PRACTICES TO REDUCE
ABOUT THE OUTCOME OF THE ILLNESS CONSEQUENCES OF A HEALTH PROBLEM
- EARLY DETECTION

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- SCREENING
- EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION HEALTH AND
TERTIARY – CARING FOR A PERSON WHO
ALREADY HAS A HEALTH PROBLEM, AND IS ILLNESS
TREATED AFTER SYMPTOMS APPEARED TO VARIOUS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS,
PREVENT FURTHER PROGRESSION BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES
 HEALTH STATUS
o STATE OF HEALTH OF AN
QUARTERNARY – ACTION TAKEN TO IDENTIFY
INDIVIDUAL AT A GIVEM TIME
PATIENT OVERMEDICTAION TO PROTECT HIM
 HEALTH BELIEFS
FROM NEW MEDICAL INVASION, AND TO
o CONCEPTS ABOUT HEALTH
SUGGEST TO HIM INTERVENTIONS WHICH AARE
THAT AN INDIVIDUAL BELIEVES
ETHICALLY ACCEPTABLE (WONCA)
ARE TRUE
KEYPOINTS:  HEALTH BEHAVIORS
o THE ACTIONS PEOPLE TAKE TO
 PERSON OR HUMAN BEING IS THE
UNDERSTAND THEIR HEALTH
RECIPIENT OF NURSING
STATE, MAINTAIN AN OPTIMAL
 THERE IS INDIVIDUALIZED, PATIENTCARE
STATE OF HEALTH, PREVENT
 HEALTH IS DEFINED BY EACH PERSON
ILLNESS AND INJURY, AND
 WELLNESS IS A STATE OF WELL-BEING
REACH THEIR MAXIMUM
(SUBJECTIVE)
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
 WELL-BEING IS A COMPONENT OF
POTENTIAL
HEALTH
 HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES HELP
MAINTAIN OR ENHANCE HEALTH
INTERNAL VARIABLE
 WELLNESS EDUCATION TEACHES
PATIENTS HOW TO CARE FOR  BIOLOGICAL
THEMSELVES o GENETIC MAKE UP, SEX, AGE,
 ILLNESS PREVENTION ACTIVITIES AND DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL
PROTECT AGAINST HEALTH THREATS ALL SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCE
AND THUS MAINTAIN AN OPTIMAL A PERSON’S HEALTH
LEVEL OF HEALTH  PSYCHOLOGICAL
 NURSING INCORPORATES HEALTH o PSYCHOLOGICAL (EMOTIONAL)
PROMOTION, WELLNESS EDUCATION FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH
AND ILLNESS PREVENTION ACTIVITIES INCLUDE MIND – BODY
INTERACTIONS AND SELF –
CONCEPT
 COGNITIVE
o COGNITIVE OR INTELLECTUAL
FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH
INCLUDE LIFESTYLE CHOICES

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AND SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS ILLNESS IS A HIGHLY PERSONAL STATE IN

BELIEFS WHICH THE PERSON’S FUNCTIONING IS
 SPIRITUAL DIMINISHED OR IMPAIRED
o SPIRITUALITY IS REFLECTED IN
DISEASE CAN BE DESCRIBED AS AN ALTERATION
HOW A PERSON LIVES HIS OR
IN BODY FUNCTIONS RESULTING IN A
HER LIFE, INCLUDING THE
REDUCTION OF CAPACITIES OR A SHORTENING
VALUES AND BELIFES
OF THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN
EXERCISED, THE RELATIONSHIPS
ESTABLISHED WITH FAMILY AND
FRIENDS, AND THE ABILITY TO
ACUTE
FIND HOPE AND MEANING IN
LIFE.  TYPICALLY, CHARCTERIZED BY
SYMPTOMS OF RELATIVELY – SHORT
DURATION
EXTERNAL VARIABLES  APPEAR ABRUPTLY AND SUBSIDE
QUICKLY AND DEPENDING ON THE
 ENVIRONMENT
CAUSE, MAY OR MAY MOT REQUIRE
o GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
INTERVENTION BY HEALTH CARE
DETERMINES CLIMATE AND
PROFESSIONALS.
CLIMATE AFFECTS HEATH
o ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
 RADIATION
CHRONIC
 CHEMICALS
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT  ONE THAT LASTS FOR AN EXTENDED
 POLUTION PERIOD, USALLY 6 MONTHS OR
 STANDARDS OF LIVING LONGER, AND OFTEN FOR THE
o PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO- PERSON’S LIFE
ECONOMIC FACTORS  SLOW ONSET AND OFTEN HAVE
o AN INDIVIDUAL’S STANDARD OF PERIODS OF REMISSIONA ND
LIVING (REFLECTING EXACERBATION
OCCUPATION, INCOME, AND
EDUCATION) IS RELATED TO
HEALTH, MOBIDITY, AND PARSONS (1979): 4 ASPECTS OF THE SICK ROLE
MORTALITY
 CULTURAL BACKGROUND RIGHTS:
o CULTURE AND SOCIAL 1. CLIENTS ARE NOT HELD RESPONSIBLE
INTERACTIONS ALSO FOR THEIR CONDITION
INFLUENCE HOW A PERSON 2. CLIENTS ARE EXCUSED FROM CERTAIN
PERCEIVES, EXPERIENCES, AND SOCIAL ROLES AND TASKS
COPE WITH EHALTHA ND
ILLNESS OBLIGATIONS:
1. CLIENTS ARE OBLIGED TO TRY TO GET

WELL AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE

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2. CLIENTS OR THEIR FAMILIES ARE MAINTAIN OR ENHANCE THEIR PRESENT

OBLIGED TO SEEK COMPETENT HELP LEVELS OF HEALTH
WELLNESS EDUCATION
SUCHMAN (1979): FIVE STAGES OF ILLNESS  TEACHES PEOPLE HOW TO CARE FOR
THEMSELVES IN A HEALTHY WAY AND
STAGE 1: SYMPTOM EXPERIENCES
INCLUDES TOPICS SUSCHA S PHYSICAL
STAGE 2: ASSUMPTION OF THE SICK ROLE AWARENESS, STRESS MANAGEMENT,
SELF-RESPONSIBILITY
STAGE 3: MEDICAL CARE CONTACT
ILLNESS PREVENTION
STAGE 4: DEPENDENT CLIENT ROLE
 ACTIVITIES SUCHA AS IMMUNIZATION
STAGE 5: RECOVERY OR REHABILITATION PROGRAMS PROTECT PATIENTS FROM
ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL THREATS TO
HEALTH.
EFFECTS OF ILLNESS  NURSES EMPHASIZE HEALTH
INDIVIDUAL PROMOTION ACTIVITIES, WELL-
ENHANCING STRATEGIES AND ILLNESS-
 BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL PREVENTION ACTIVITIES AS IMPORTANT
CHANGES FORMS OF HEALTH CARE BECAUSE THEY
 CHANGES IN SELF – CONCEPTAND BODY HELP PATIENTS MAINTAIN AND
IMAGE, AND IMPROVE HEALTH.
 LIFESTYLE CHANGES
LEVELS OF PREVENTIVE CARE
FAMILY
 PRIMARY PREVENTION
 ROLE CHANGES  INCLUDES ALL PRACTICES DESIGNED TO
 TASK REASSIGNMENTS AND INCREASED KEEP HEALTH PROBLEMS FROM
DEMANDS ON TIME DEVELOPING. THIS INCLUDES
 INCREASED STRESS DUE TO ANXIETY FOLLOWING RECOMMENDED
ABOUT THE OUTCOME OF THE ILLNESS CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION
FOR THE CLIENT AND CONFLICT ABOUT SCHEDULES, EATING CALCIUM-RICH
UNACCUSTOMED RESPONSIBILITIES FOODS TO PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS,
 FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND NON-SMOKING TO PREVENT LUNG
 LONELINESS AS A RESULT OF CANCER.
SEPARATION AND PENDING LOSS
 CHANGE IN SOCIAL CUSTOMS
HEALTH PROMOTION, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS  SECONDARY

PREVENTION  REFERS TO EARLY DETECTION,
SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND
HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION TO REDUCE THE
CONSEQUENCE OF A HEALTH PROBLEM
 ACTIVITIES SUCH AS ROUTINE EXERCISE
GOOD NUTRITION HEALP PATIENTS
 TERTIARY

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 REFERS TO CARING FOR A PERSON WHO TEACHES PATIENTS HOW TO CARE FOR
ALREADY HAS A HEALTH PROBLEM, AND THEMSELVES.
IS TREATED AFTER SYMPTONS  ILLNESS PREVENTION ACTIVITIES
APPEARED TO PREVENT FURTHER PROTECT AGAINST HEALTH THREATS
PROGRESSION. AND THUS MAINTAIN AN OPTIMAL
LEVEL OF HEALTH.
 QUARTERNARY  NURSING INCORPORATES HEALTH
 ACTION TAKEN TO IDENTIFY PATIENT AT PROMOTION ACTIVITIES, WELLNESS
RISK OF OVERMEDICALIZATION, TO EDUCATION, AND ILLNESS PREVENTION
PROTECT HIM FROM NEW MEDICAL ACTIVITIES RATHER THAN SIMPLY
INVASION, AND TO SUGGEST TO HIM TREATING ILLNESS.
INTERVENTIONS, WHICH ARE ETHICALLY
ACCEPTABLE (WONCA)
KEY POINTS
 THE HEALTH STATUS OF A PERSON IS

AFFECTED BY MANY INTERNAL AND
EXTERNAL VARIABLES OVER WHICH THE
PERSON HAS VARYUNG DEGREES OF
CONTROL.
 ILLNESS IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH
DISEASE BUT MAY OCCUR
INDEPENDENTLY OF IT. ILLNESS IS A
HIGHLY PERSONAL STATE IN WHICH THE
PERSON FEELS UNHEALTHY OR ILL.
DISEASE ALTERS THE BODY FUNCTIONS
AND RESULTS IN A REDUCTION OF
CAPACITIES OR A SHORTENED LIFE
SPAN.
 VARIOUS THEORISTS HAVE DESCRIBED
STAGES AND ASPECTS OF ILLNESS
-PARSONS AND SUCHMAN
 AN INDIVIDUAL’S USUAL PATTER OF
BEHAVIOR CHANGES WITH ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION, WHICH DISRUPT A
PERSON’S PRIVACY, AUTONOMY,
LIFESTYLE, ROLES, AND FINANCESM
 NURSES NEED TO BE AWRE THAT THE
ILLNESS OF ONE MEMBER OF A FAMILY
AFFECTS ALL OTHER MEMBERS
 HEALTH PROMOTION ACTIVITIES HELP
MAINTAIN OR ENHANCE HEALTH,
WHEREAS WELLNESS EDUCATION

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FUNDAMENTAL
S OF NURSING
NURSING AS AN ART
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE SESSION, THE STUDENTS

SHALL BE ABLE TO:
 DISCUSS THE PROCESS AND MODES OF

COMMUNICATION
 DESCRIBE THERAPEUTIC  ALLOW SPIRITUAL EXPRESSION (RYAN,
COMMUNICATION AND ITS USE AS AN 2005; WATSON,1985)
ART OF CARING IN NURSING
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION:
 DISCUSS THE ROLE OF
COMMUNICATION AS A TOOL IN A THE CIRCULAR TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
HELPING RELATIONSHIP
 APPLY COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS IN
THE NURSING PROCESS
 APPRECIATE THE VALUE OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION IN NURSING CARE
COMMUNICATION ESTABLISHES CARING

HEALING RELATIONSHIPS
 ALL BEHAVIOR COMMUNICATES

 ALL COMMUNICATION INFLUENCES
BEHAVIOR
NURISNG WITH EXPERTISE IN COMMUNICATION
 BECOME SENSITIVE TO SELF AND (REVIEW)

OTHERS
 PROMOTE AND ACCEPT THE
EXPRESSIONS OF POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE FEELINGS
 DEVELOP CARING RELATIONSHIPS FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
 INSTILL FAITH AND HOPE
 VERBAL
 PROVIDE A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
 NON-VERBAL
 ASSIST IN THE GRATIFICATION OF
HUMAN NEEDS
CONSIDERATIOONS IN COMMUNICATION

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ENCOURAGE THE EXPRESSION OF

FEELINGS AND IDEAS
 MAKES THE PATIENT OR OTHER PERSON
FEEL ACCEPTED AND RESPECTED
 IT IS AN ART TO USE THESE TECHNIQUES
OR SKILLS IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS
AND WITH DIFFERENT CLIENTELES
 THE FACE-TO-FACE PROCESS OF
INTERACTING THAT FOCUSES ON
LEVELS OF COMUNICATION ADVANCING THE PHYSICAL AND
EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING OF A PATIENT
 INTRAPERSONAL (SELF TALK)
 INTERPERSONAL (ONE ON ONE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATIONM
INTERACTIONS) TECHNIQUES
 SMALL GROUP (WITH A NUMBER OF
PEOPLE)  ACTIVE LISTENING
 PUBLIC (WITH AN AUDIENCE)  SHARING OBSERVATIONS
 ELECTRONIC (USE OF TECHNOLOGY)  SHARING EMPATHY
 SHARING HOPE
 SHARING HUMOR
 SHARING FEELINGS
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
 USING TOUCH
 USE OF “THERAPEUTIC  USING SILENCE
COMMUNICATION TECHINIQUES  PROVIDING INFORMATION
 AVOID FORMS OF NON-THERAPEUTIC  CLARIFYING
TECHNQUES  FOCUSING
 PARAPHRASING
 VALIDATION
 ASKING RELEVANT QUESTIONS
 SUMMARIZING
 SELF-DISCLOSURE
 CONFRONTATION
NON-THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
TECHNIQUES
 ASKING PERSONAL QUESTIONS

 GIVING PERSONAL OPINIONS
 CHANGING THE SUBJECT
 AUTOMATIC RESPONSES
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION  FALSE REASSURANCE
 SYMPATHY
 REFERS TO THOSE SPECIFIC
 ASKING FOR EXPLANATION (WHY?)
“RESPONSES” FROM THE NURSE THAT

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 USING (EXCESSIVE) SILENCE

 APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL
 DEFENSIVE RESPONSES
 PASSIVE OR AGGRESSIVE RESPONSES
 ARGUING
NOTE: THESE TECHNIQUES WILL BE

DISCUSSED IN DETAIL IN NCM102 – HEALTH
EDUCATION
COMMUNICATION AS A HELPING PROCESS
 PROFESSIONAL – AVOID OVER

FAMILIARITY
 OBJECTIVE
 GOAL-ORIENTED
 “THERAPEUTIC USE OF THE SELF”
PHASES OF THE HELPING PROCESS
COMMUNICATION AND THE NURSING PRCESS

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THE NURSING PROCESS AS A SCIENTIFIC

NURSING AS A PROBLEM – SOLVING METHOD
SCIENCE
 IS A BODY OF ABSTRACT KNOWLEDGE
ARRIVED THROUGH SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH AND LOGICAL ANALYSIS
 IS THE SYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS IN ASSISSTING INDIVIDUAL TOA
CHIEVE OPTIMAL HEALTH
 IT IS THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
OF HUMAN RESPONSES TO ACTUAL OR THNKING LIKE A NURSE
POTENTIAL PROBLEM
o AMERICAN NURSES
ASSOCIATION,2015)
 IS A BLEND OF THE MOST CURRENT
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE
STANDARDS
 IT INTEGRATES EVIDENCE-BASED
FINDINGS TO PROVIDE THE HIGHEST
LEVEL OF CARE
IN A NUTSHELL
 KNOWLEDGE
o MAN
THE NURSING PROCESS
o HEALTH
o ENVIRONMENT  A RATIONAL, SYSTEMATIC, STEP BY STEP
o NURSING METHID OF PLANNING AND THEIR
 CRITICAL THINKING FAMILIES
 NURSING PROCESS  CYCLICAL – IT FOLLOWS A LOGICAL
 SKILLS SEQUENCE
o LOGICAL  A SERIES IF PLANNED ACTIONS BY THE
o SCIENTIFIC NURSE DIRECTED TOWARDS A
 RESEARCH AND EBP PARTICULAR RESULT OR GOAL
 A FRAMEWORK FOR NURSING
PRACTICE
IMPORTANCE
 INDIVIDUALIZES PATIENT CARE – LEADS

TO IMPROVED WUALITY OF CARE
 ENABLES THE PATIENT TO PARTICIPATE
IN HIS/HER OWN CARE

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 PROMOTES CONTINUITY OF CARE  THE NURSE EVALUATES IF THE PATIENT

 PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR ACHIEVED THE EXPECTED OUTCOMES
ACCOUNTABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY OR GOALS
 COLLECTION OF DATA RELATED TO
OUTCOMES
PHASES OF NURSING PROCESS  COMPARISON OF DATA WITH
OUTCOMES
ASSESSMENT  DETERMINING EFFECTIVENESS OF
 THE NURSE INTERVENTIONS
o DATA – COLELCTS, ORGANIZES,  DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
VALIDATES, DOCUMENTS.  CONTINUATION, MODIFICATION OR
 INITIAL AND ON-GOING COMPONENT TERMINATION OF THE CARE PLAN
OF THE NURSING PROCESS
DIAGNOSIS NURSING AS AN ART

 THE NURSE NURSING AS A PROFESSION
o ANALYZES DATA
o IDENTIFIES HEALTH PROBLEMS NURSING AS A SCIENCE
(ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL)
o FORMULATES DIAGNSTIC
STATEMENTS
PLANNING
 THE NURSE
 PRIORITIZES PROBLEMS/ DIAGNOSES
 FORMULATES GOALS/DESIRED
OUTCOMES
 DETERMINES NURSING INTERVENTIONS
 WRITES THE PLAN OF CARE
IMPLEMENTATION
 THE NURSE “PUTS THE PLAN INTO

ACTION”
 REASSESSES THE CLIENT
 IMPLEMENTS THE NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
 DOCUMENTS, RECORDS AND REPORTS
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
EVALUATION

14

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT – GLOBAL
 Nursing before the 1800s was not

valued in society. Caring for the sick was
mainly supported by religious monks,
nuns or the religious community who
wanted to do work for God.
 CHANGED DURING CRIMIREAN WAR
BECAUSE OF 1 WOMAN – FLORENCE
NIGHTINGALE
1937
 NIGHTINGALE FELT CALLED TO THE

PROFESSION OF NURSING AFTER DOING
CHARITABLE DEEDS WITHIN THE
COMMUNITY
 CAME FROM A WEALTHY FAMILY

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EARLIEST HOSPITALS;
HISTORY
Hospital Real de Manila (1577) – it was
DEVELOPMENT established mainly to care for the Spanish king’s
soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians;
OF NURSING – founded by Gov. Francisco de Sande.
LOCAL San Lazaro Hospital (1578) – founded by

Brother Juan Clemente and was administered
Early Care of the Sick for many years by the Hospitalliers of San Juan
de Dios; built exclusively for patients
The early Filipinos subscribed to superstitious with leprosy.
belief and practices in relation to health and
sickness. Herb men were
Hospital de Indios (1586) – established by the
called “herbicheros” meaning one who
Franciscan Order; service was in general
practiced witchcraft. Persons suffering from
supported by alms and contributions from
diseases without any identified cause were
charitable persons.
believed bewitched
by “mangkukulam” or “manggagaway”.
Difficult childbirth and some diseases Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590) –
(called “pamao”) were attributed to “nunos”. established in Laguna; near a medicinal spring,
Midwives assisted in childbirth. During labor, founded by Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan
the “mabuting hilot” (good midwife) was called Order.
in. If the birth became difficult, witches were
supposed to be the cause. To disperse their San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) – founded
influence, gunpowder were exploded from a by the Brotherhood of Misericordia and
bamboo cane close to the head of the sufferer. administered by the Hospitaliers of San Juan de
Dios; support was delivered from alms and
Health Care During the Spanish rents; rendered general health service to the
Regime public.
The context of nursing has manifested through Nursing During the Philippine
simple nutrition, wound care, and taking care of Revolution
an ill member of the family. Certain practices
when taking care of a sick individuals entails
interventions from babaylan (priest physicians) In the late 1890’s, the war between
or albularyo (herb doctor). In 1578, male Philippines and Spain emerges which
nurses were acknowledged as Spanish Friars’ resulted to significant amount of casualties.
assistants for caring sick individuals in the With this, many women have assumed the
hospital. These male nurses were referred role of nurses in order to assist the
as practicante or enfermero. wounded soldiers. The emergence of
Filipina nurses brought about the
The religious orders exerted their efforts to care development of Philippines Red Cross.
for the sick by building hospitals in different
parts of the Philippines.

16

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Josephine Bracken — wife of Jose Hospitals and Nursing Schools

Rizal, installed a field hospital in an estate
house in Tejeros. She provided nursing care - Americans began training the first
to the wounded night and day. Filipino nursing students in 1907.
Nursing students in the Philippines
Rosa Sevilla de Alvero — converted their studied many of the same subjects
house into quarters for the Filipino soldiers; as nursing students in the U.S.
during the Philippine-American War that However, it was believed that the
broke out in 1899 curriculum in the Philippines “was
never a mirror-image reproduction
Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo — wife of Emilio of the American nursing curriculum”
Aguinaldo who organized that Filipino Red and involved more than a simple
Cross under the inspiration of Mabini. transfer of knowledge from
American nurses to Filipino nurses.
The first Filipino nursing students
Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo —
also studied subjects that were more
second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; provided
relevant to their patients, such as
nursing care to Filipino soldiers during the
“the nursing of tropical diseases”
revolution, President of the Filipino Red
and “industrial and living conditions
Cross branch in Batangas.
in the islands,” as described by
Lavinia L. Dock’s 1912 book A History
Melchora Aquino a.k.a. “Tandang Sora” — of Nursing: From the Earliest Times
nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and to the Present Day with Special
gave them shelter and food. Reference to the Work of the Past
Thirty Years.
Capitan Salome — a revolutionary leader in
Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the
wounded when not in combat.
Hospital School of Nursing’s
Formal Training (1901 – 1911)
Agueda Kahabagan — revolutionary leader
in Laguna, also provided nursing services to - The first hospital in the
her troops
Philippines which trained Filipino
nurses in 1906 was Iloilo Mission
Trinidad Tecson (“Ina ng Biak-na-Bato”) — Hospital, established by the
stayed in the hospital at Biak na Bato to care
Baptist Missionaries. When this
for wounded soldiers
health institution was built, there
were no strict requirements for
the applicants as long as they are
all willing to work. This has been
the beginning of development of
more nursing schools in the

17

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country. In this period,

Pensionado Act of 1903 (or Act
854) was mandated, allowing
Filipino nursing student to study
in United States. Among of the
first wave of nurses who went to
United States
- Iloilo Mission Hospital School of
Nursing (Iloilo City, 1906)
- Saint Paul’s Hospital School of
Nursing (Manila, 1907)
- Philippine General Hospital School
of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
- St. Luke’s Hospital School of Nursing
(Quezon City, 1907)
- Mary Johnston Hospital and School
of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
- Sallie Long Read Memorial Hospital
School of Nursing (Laoag Ilocos
Norte, 1903)

18

Fundamentals of Nursing Practice Lecture

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lOMoARcPSD|32424052

Fundamentals OF Nursing Practice Lecture

BSNursing (Saint Paul University Philippines)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING

S OF NURSING NURSING CONCEPTS OF MAN

1. MAN IS A BIOPHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL

LECTURE – 2. MAN IS AN OPEN SYSTEM IN CONSTANT

3. MAN IS A UNIFIED WHOLE COMPOSED

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NURSES, ARE IN THE UNIQUE POSITION TO

CONCEPT OF SICK ROLES

1. THE SICK PERSON IS TEMPORARILY EXEMPT

2. A GENUINE ILLNESS IS SEEN AS BEYOND THE

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- ABILITY TO MANAGE STRESS AND TO

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- AN ALTERATION IN BODY FUNCTIONS

STAGES OF ILLNESS (SUCHMANN, 1979)

TRAVIS ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM

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- DEPENDING ON THE CAUSE, MAY OR AND CONFLICT ABOUT

- EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME HEALTH PROMOTION – WELLNESS EDUCATION

SICK ROLE (PARSONS, 1979) HEALTH PREVENTION – ACTIVITIES SUCH AS:

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AND SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS ILLNESS IS A HIGHLY PERSONAL STATE IN

1. CLIENTS ARE OBLIGED TO TRY TO GET

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2. CLIENTS OR THEIR FAMILIES ARE MAINTAIN OR ENHANCE THEIR PRESENT

HEALTH PROMOTION, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS  SECONDARY

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 THE HEALTH STATUS OF A PERSON IS

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AT THE END OF THE SESSION, THE STUDENTS

 DISCUSS THE PROCESS AND MODES OF

COMMUNICATION ESTABLISHES CARING

 ALL BEHAVIOR COMMUNICATES

NURISNG WITH EXPERTISE IN COMMUNICATION

 BECOME SENSITIVE TO SELF AND (REVIEW)

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ENCOURAGE THE EXPRESSION OF

 ASKING PERSONAL QUESTIONS

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 USING (EXCESSIVE) SILENCE

NOTE: THESE TECHNIQUES WILL BE

COMMUNICATION AS A HELPING PROCESS

 PROFESSIONAL – AVOID OVER

PHASES OF THE HELPING PROCESS

COMMUNICATION AND THE NURSING PRCESS

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THE NURSING PROCESS AS A SCIENTIFIC