Wolkite University College of

Engineering and Technology

Department of Hydraulic &
Water Resources Engineering

Hydropower Engineering II individual

Assignment

Name: GETACHEW ASEFA ……………………ID: 0967/13

SUBMITED TO: MR TESSFAYE

 • The maximum generation voltage

The maximum generation voltage refers to the highest voltage level at which
electricity is generated in a power plant. The specific maximum generation voltage
can vary depending on the type of power plant and the country's electrical standards.
In many countries, including advanced ones, the maximum generation voltage for
power plants can range from several kilovolts (kV) to several hundred kilovolts (kV).

• The maximum generation voltage in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, the maximum generation voltage for power plants typically ranges from
several kilovolts (kV) to tens of kilovolts (kV). The specific voltage level may vary
depending on the size and type of the power plant.

For example, small-scale hydropower plants in Ethiopia often generate electricity at

voltages of around 6.6 kV or 11 kV. These plants are commonly used to provide
electricity to rural communities and smaller industries.

In the case of larger power plants, such as thermal power plants or wind farms, the
generation voltage may be higher, typically in the range of 33 kV to 66 kV. These
power plants contribute to the national grid and supply electricity to a wider area.

It's worth noting that the maximum generation voltage in Ethiopia may evolve over
time as the country's energy infrastructure develops. As Ethiopia expands its power
generation capacity and integrates more renewable energy sources, there may be
plans to increase the maximum generation voltage to accommodate larger power
plants and enhance the transmission of electricity across the country.

• Why Ethiopia’s maximum generation voltage is less than advanced countries

maximum generation voltage capacity?

The maximum generation voltage in Ethiopia being lower than in advanced

countries can be attributed to various factors:

➢ Grid Development: Advanced countries have had a longer history of grid

development, allowing them to invest in higher voltage transmission and
distribution systems. Ethiopia, like many developing nations, may still be in
the process of expanding and upgrading its electrical infrastructure.

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 ➢ Economic Considerations: Developing countries often have limited
financial resources to invest in high-voltage generation infrastructure.
Higher voltage systems require significant investments in equipment,
maintenance, and technical expertise. Lower voltage systems are generally
more cost-effective and easier to implement within budget constraints.
➢ Load Requirements: The electricity demand in advanced countries is
typically higher than in developing nations. Higher voltage generation may
be necessary to meet the larger load requirements of industries, businesses,
and densely populated areas. Ethiopia's current electricity demand may not
warrant the need for higher generation voltages.
➢ Grid Stability: The stability and reliability of the electrical grid are crucial
considerations. Advanced countries may have more established grid
systems with extensive backup infrastructure, allowing them to handle
higher generation voltages. In developing countries, ensuring grid stability
and reliability may be prioritized by using lower generation voltages.

It's important to note that these factors are not static, and as Ethiopia's economy and
energy demands grow, there may be plans to increase the maximum generation
voltage in the future. Upgrading the generation voltage would enhance capacity,
support industrial growth, and improve the efficiency of transmitting electricity
across the country.

Advantage and dis advantage of having high maximum voltage capacity

➢ Advantages of having high maximum voltage capacity:

1. Improved power transmission: Higher voltage capacity allows for more efficient
and cost-effective long-distance power transmission, reducing energy losses during
distribution.

2. Increased flexibility: High voltage capacity enables the integration of renewable

energy sources, such as solar and wind, into the grid, supporting the transition to a
more sustainable energy system.

3. Enhanced system reliability: High voltage systems can provide greater redundancy
and reliability, reducing the risk of power outages and ensuring a more stable supply
of electricity.

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 ➢ Disadvantages of having high maximum voltage capacity:

1. Safety concerns: High voltage systems pose greater risks to human safety,
requiring more stringent safety measures and specialized equipment for maintenance
and operation.

2. Cost: Building and maintaining high voltage infrastructure can be more expensive
due to the need for specialized equipment, insulation, and safety measures.

3. Environmental impact: High voltage transmission lines can have visual and
environmental impacts, leading to potential opposition from local communities and
environmental groups