Clat Law The Clat Post September 20235707319

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Bhopal 7676564400 | Indore 9109108422 | Jabalpur 9109108423 | Jodhpur 9109108419 | Raipur 9109108417 | Bilaspur 9109108416 | Ranchi 9109108418
Delhi 9891906520 | Gurugram 09717289708 | Kanpur 8576066660 | Prayagraj 6306330553 | w 6390573333
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S. No. Contents
1. E-Waste Management in India 4

2. Ecoside 5
3. Earthquake in Morocco 7
4. Ramon Magsaysay Award 9
5. India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise ‘Varuna ‘ 10
6. India’s First Ever UPI-ATM 12
7. Indian Drone Policy 13
8. Cauvery River Dispute 16
9.
10.
11.
Coup in Gabon
Asian Games
Nipah Virus
c o m 17
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12.
13.
14.
Self-Respect Marriages
Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council
Special Session of Parliament
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15.
16.
Delhi High Court Orders on Service Charge
Educational Empowerment for Religious Minorities in India
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17.
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India & Bharat (Controversy)
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18. Inheritance Rights of Children Born out of Void Voidable or Invalid Marriages 33
19.
20.
One Nation One Election
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Bnss Bill 2023: Changes to Mercy Petition in Death Sentence Cases
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35
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21. Secularism in France (Recent Ban on Wearing Islamic Robe) 36
22. 69th National Film Awards Ceremony 37
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
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Climate Ambition Summit
Statue of Oneness
All About Khalistan Movement
Five Eyes Alliance and Canada- India Relations
Norman Borlaug Award 2023 and All About Different Revolutions
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28. Osiris Rex of Nasa and Other Space News of September 44
29. Bima Sugam and all About Insurance Sector of India 46
30. National Medical Commission 47
31. Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai in The South Pacific in 2022 48
32. Women Reservation Bill 2023 49
33. PM Vishwakarma Scheme 51
34. First-Ever Patient Safety Rights Charter 52
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35. Sickle Cell Anaemia Combating Initiatives Of India tr-5O7N0U 53
36. Navic in Smartphones
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37. All About World Heritage Sites 55
38. Nagorno-Karabakh Explained 56
39. Himachal Pradesh Seeks National Disaster Tag 58
40. Legalising Cannabis Cultivation In1TIndia
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41. New Education Policy in West Bengal 61
42. Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2023 And Ncap 63
43. Classical Dance Forms and Related Recent Obituary 64
Bhopal 9109108421 | Indore 9109108422 | Jaipur 9109108430| Jodhpur 9109108419 | Jabalpur 9039911553 | Lucknow 9109108172| Nagpur 9109108171 | Ranchi 9102673728 | | Jammu 9419188148 |
Delhi 8448444207 | Raipur 7000954770| Patna 7645019145 | Chandigarh 7000954770| Bhilai 7000954770| Navi Mumbai 7208369556 | Bilaspur 9109108416 | Gurugram 09717289708 | w 6390573333
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44. South China Sea Issue-Philippines 67
45. RBI to Discontinue I-CRR 68
46. India’s Fiscal Deficit 70
47. 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi 71
48. 20th Asean-India Summit and The 18th East Asia Summit 73
49. Aditya L1 74
50. Global Stocktake Report 76
51. Answer Key with Solutions of all the Practice Questions 78
52. National 88
53. International 101
54. Science & Technology 109
55.
56.
57.
Appointmens & Resignations
Awards & Recognition
Books & Authors
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114
117
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59.
Important Days
Obituaries
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122
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60. Ranks & Reports 123
61. Sports 123
62.
63.
Summits and MoUs
Banking And Economy
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134
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September, 2023
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Why in news?
The Indian Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA) on August 28 released a report on ‘Pathways to Circular
Economy in Indian Electronics Sector,’ following a government effort with NITI Aayog to explore opportunities to
harness e-waste. The report talks about changing the outlook on e-waste management to build a system where discarded
electronics can have a new life, either by themselves, or by reintroducing components and precious metals into new
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hardware.
What is e waste?
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The term "e-waste" is an abbreviation of "electronic and electrical waste". A key part of the definition is the word "waste"
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and what it logically implies – that the item has no further use and is rejected as useless or excess to the owner in its
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current condition. E-waste includes almost any household or business item containing circuitry or electrical
components with either power or battery supply.
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Although e-waste is a general term, it can be considered to denote items such as TV appliances, computers, laptops,
tablets, mobile phones, white goods - for example, fridges, washing machines, dryers - home entertainment and stereo
systems, toys, toasters and kettles.
The definition of e-waste that has been agreed by StEP is:
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"E-Waste is a term used to cover items of all types of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and its parts that have
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been discarded by the owner as waste without the intention of re-use."
E Waste management in India
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 India is currently the third-largest producer of e-waste in the world, after the US and China.
 In India, the amount of e-waste has significantly increased, reaching 1.6 million tonnes in 2021–22.
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 More than 60% of the nation's e-waste is produced by 65 Indian cities, while 70% is produced by 10 states.
 The Environment and Forests Hazardous Wastes (handling and Handling) Regulations of 2008 in India addressed
the handling of electronic trash.
 E-waste (Management and Handling) Regulations of 2010, which are governed by the Environment (Protection) Act
of 1986, were the subject of a significant notice that was published in 2011.
 Its primary feature was extended producer responsibility (EPR).
 Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India is the nodal agency for policy, planning,
promoting and coordinating the environmental programme including electronics waste.
 The management of ewaste was covered under the Environment and Forests Hazardous Wastes (Management and
Handling) Rules 2008.
 An exclusive notification on E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2010 under the Environment (Protection)
Act, 1986 has been notified (S.O. 1035) on 12th May 2011 to address the safe and environment friendly handing,
transporting, storing, recycling of e-waste and also to reduce the use of hazardous substances during manufacturing
of electrical and electronic equipments.
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 In Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, the nation's first e-waste clinic has tr-5O 7N0Uestablished
been to separate, process, and dispose
of garbage from residential and business units.
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tr-5I7EThe Basel Convention (1992) did not initially address the issue of e-waste, but it did so in 2006 (COP8).
 The Basel Convention on the Control of the Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste's COP9 endorsed the
Nairobi Declaration. Its goal was to develop ground-breaking approaches to managing electronic trash in an
environmentally responsible manner.
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 Despite the formal dismantling and recycling sector’s growth, the actual waste processed in the formal sector still
very low.
 Most of these formal facilities are operating below the approved capacities because of inability to source enough
waste.
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 The lack of awareness regarding e-waste and the costs of returning the end-of-life equipment to formal collection
centres are reducing the willingness of household and institutional consumers to return their waste to the formal
sector
 . Most importantly, through the convenience of household collection and monetary incentives, the informal sector
makes this attractive for customers to return their waste, relative to the formal sector, that is yet to invest in robust
collection and processing systems.
 The informal e-waste sector has provided livelihoods to millions of people, often belonging to the most
marginalized groups.
 On contrary, the sector’s waste management practices pose serious environmental and health hazards to the
workers themselves as well as the larger public.
 It presents a potential moral dilemma for public policy, and the sustained success of any e-waste management in
India will hinge to resolve this dilemma.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Where does India stand in terms of generating e

waste globally?
3.
o m
India’s first e waste clinic was set up in which Indian
City?
c
.
(a) First (b) Second (a) Bhopal (b) Indore
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(c) third (d) Fourth (c) Ahmedabad (d) Delhi
2. The report “Pathways to Circular Economy in the 4. The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility
Indian Electronics Sector” is published by which
organisation?
k e was introduced in which rules?

(a) E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022.
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(a) Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) (b) Plastic Waste Management Rules,2022
(b) India Council for Research on International (c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling)
Economic Relations (ICRIER)
(c) India Cellular and Electronics Association
(ICEA)
(d) Niti Ayog
p r a 5.
Rules, 2011
(d) Battery Waste Management Rules 2022
Which electronic device has contributed the most to
To the total electronic export from India?

(a) Mobile Phones
(c) Television
(b) Computers
(d) Refrigerator
ECOSIDE
Mexico’s Maya train project has earned a contradictory reputation. Some describe it as a “Pharaonic project”, the train
route covers 1,525 km (about the distance from Florida to New York City), connects tourists in the Caribbean with
historic Maya sites and costs $20 billion (almost four times India’s Great Nicobar Project). It has also been described as
a “megaproject of death” — it imperils the Yucatán peninsula’s rich wilderness, ancient cave systems and indigenous
communities. The Tribunal for the Rights of Nature in August said the project caused “crimes of ecocide and ethnocide”.
What is ecoside?
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 Ecocide, derived from Greek and Latin,translates to ‘killingtr-one’s 5O7N0Uhome’ or ‘environment’. Such ‘killing’ could
include port expansion projects that destroy fragile marine life and local livelihoods; deforestation; illegal
0B7F3D1E9E polluting rivers with untreated sewage.
tr-5I7Esandmining;
 Mexico joins several nations that are mulling ecocide legislations — Congresswoman Marina Marlen Barrón Perales
recently proposed a Bill to criminalise any “unlawful or wanton act committed with the knowledge that there is a
substantial likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment”.
 There is also a push to elevate ecocide to the ranks of an international crime, warranting similar legal scrutiny as
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More about ecoside
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 Biologist Arthur Galston in 1970 is credited be the first to link environmental destruction with genocide, which is
recognised as an international crime, when referring to the U.S. military’s use of Agent Orange (a herbicide) during
the Vietnam War.
 Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme, two years later, used the term in a speech at the United Nations, warning that
unchecked industrialisation could cause irreversible damage to the environment.
 British lawyer Polly Higgins became the linchpin, when in 2010, she urged the United Nations’ International
Criminal Court (ICC) to recognise ecocide as an international crime.
Is ecoside recognised?
 At present, the Rome Statute of the ICC deals with four atrocities: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes
and the crime of aggression.
 The provision on war crimes is the only statute that can hold a perpetrator responsible for environmental damage,
albeit if it is intentionally caused and during wartime situations.
 Ms. Higgins proposed that the Statute should be amended to treat crimes against nature on par with crimes against
people.
 Her description of ecocide was: “Extensive loss, damage to or destruction of ecosystems...such that the peaceful
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enjoyment by the inhabitants has been or will be severely diminished.” Here, “inhabitants” applies to all living
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creatures, not limiting crime to an anthropogenic legal view.
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 There is no accepted legal definition of ecocide, but a panel of lawyers in June 2021 for Stop Ecocide Foundation
prepared a ‘historic’ 165-word articulation that, if accepted, would locate environmental destruction in the same
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category as crimes against humanity.
 Ecocide, they proposed, is the “unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial
Ecoside in India
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likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts.”
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 Some Indian judgments have affirmed the legal personhood of nature by recognising rivers as legal entities with the
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right to maintain their spirit, identity and integrity.
 Some Indian judgments have used the term ‘ecocide’ in passing, but the concept hasn’t fully materialised in law.
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 In Chandra CFS and Terminal Operators Pvt. Ltd. v. The Commissioner of Customs and Ors, the Madras High Court
noted, “... the prohibitory activities of ecocide has been continuing unbridledly by certain section of people by
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removing the valuable and precious timbers...”
 The ongoing T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad vs Union Of India & Ors case in Supreme Court called attention to an
“anthropogenic bias” and argued that “environmental justice could be achieved only if we drift away from the
principle of anthropocentric to ecocentric.”
 India’s environmental regime includes the Environmental (Protection) Act of 1986, Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972,
and Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016 (CAMPA) as well as separate rules to prevent air and water
pollution.
 The Stockholm Conference, which was held in Stockholm in June 1972 and was attended by India in order to take
necessary action for the development of the human environment, served as the impetus for the EPA's passage. The
Stockholm Conference's resolutions are put into effect through the Act.
 Further, the National Green Tribunal, India’s apex environmental regulatory body, does not hold jurisdiction to
hear matters relating to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Indian Forest Act, 1927 and other State-enacted
laws.
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Climate change was recognized as a serious problem by the First World Climate Conference in 1979. explored how
tr-climate 3D1E9E might affect human activities. It issued a declaration calling on the world's governments "to foresee and
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prevent potential man-made changes in climate that might be adverse to the well-being of humanity". It also endorsed
plans to establish a World Climate Programme (WCP) under the joint responsibility of the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Council of Scientific
Unions (ICSU).
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6. Who among the following was the first person to 9. Which of the following statements with respect to
draw a connection between environment United Nations Climate Change Framework
devastation and genocide? Convention (UNFCCC) is incorrect?
(a) Jane Goodall (b) Carl Sagan (a) The UNFCCC was formed in 1994 to stabilize
(c) Arthur Galsto (d) Marie Tharp greenhouse gas emissions and to protect the
earth from the threat of climate change.
7. Which one of the following conference led to the (b) The participants at COPs are signatories to the
enactment of Environment Protection Act, 1986 in UNFCCC and have been meeting every year
India? since 1995.
(a) Stockholm conference (c) It is one of the three Rio Conventions – Others
(b) Rio Summit are Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
(c) Convention on biological diversity United Nations Convention to Combat
(d) Bonn convention Desertification (UNCCD).
(d) The treaty sets limits on GHG emissions in
8. First World climate conference was held in which
year?
(a) S1979 (b) R1988
mechanisms
c m
countries, which are binding with enforcement
o
.
(c) C1995 (d) B1996 10. International Criminal Court does not have
jurisdiction over which of the following crimes?
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(a) SThe crime of Genocide
(b) RCrimes against Humanity
k e (c) CWar crimes

(d) BCrime against state
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EARTHQUAKE IN MOROCCO
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Why in news?
o p
Last week's earthquake in Morocco, which had a magnitude of 6.8, was unusual.The nation had not seen anything that
deadly in flood than 60 years. Over 2,501 people were hurt, and there were at least 2,681 fatalities.
What caused the earthquake
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 Earthquakes are commonly caused along the seam where two tectonic plates move against each other, and in
Morocco, earthquakes mostly happen where the Africa and Eurasia plates meet.
 But that boundary is to the north, near Gibraltar, so tremors are usually closer to Tangiers than Marrakesh. Yet this
one was in al-Haouz province in the High Atlas Mountains, 75km (47 miles) southwest of Marrakesh, the country’s
fourth-largest city.
 So far, the explanation is that the quake happened when a reverse fault – where the edge of the rock on one side of
a fault slips under the other – occurred between the Morocco and Iberia microplates, which are both part of the
larger African plate.
 Paula Marques Figueiredo, a geologist who researches active tectonics and neotectonics, said that reverse tectonic
faults lay to the north of the Atlas Mountains and dipped towards them at one point.
 During the earthquake, the edge that lies towards the mountains slid over the other, pushing the mountainside up,
a knock-on consequence of built-up tension between the African and Eurasia plates over time.
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 “The faults can only hold the stress so much, and once in a while 7N0U7O3Q1T of years], an earthquake happens as a
tr-5O[thousands
mechanism to release the [built-up] stress,” she said.
0B7F3D1E9E Remy Bossu said the most likely scenario now is that there will be aftershocks for weeks before seismic
tr-5I7ESeismologist
activity levels return to normal.
 “There is a shallow decollement surface at 1 to 4km [0.6 to 2.5 miles] in the tertiary layers and a deeper decollement
in the middle crust at a depth of about 10 to 20km [6.2 to 12.4 miles] in this area,”
 Given the depth of the earthquake, it was most likely that the decollements started at the deeper level and moved
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What was the aftermath?
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A powerful earthquake struck Morocco on Friday night, killing and injuring thousands of people and devastating rural
towns near the southwestern city of Marrakesh, one of the deadliest quakes in the country in decades, according to the
Moroccan authorities. The disaster is the deadliest earthquake in Morocco since a 5.9-magnitude quake in
1960 devastated the coastal city of Agadir, about 150 miles southwest of Marrakesh, killing at least 12,000 people and
leaving thousands homeless.
Marrakesh and its environs are a hub for tourism, which is a central pillar of the country’s $134 billion economy,
alongside agriculture. The quake could deal a blow to the industry, and consequently to a Moroccan economy already
feeling the pain of drought and rising commodity prices.
About Morocco
 Morocco is located in the northwest corner of Africa and is bordered by the North Atlantic Ocean and the
Mediterranean Sea. Algeria and Western Sahara are the land borders to the south and east. Morocco is about the
same size as California.
 The high Atlas Mountains separate the mild coastline from the harsh Sahara. Rainfall is unpredictable and is not
enough to supply all the water needed for the people.
Spanish zones—two small Spanish-controlled areas, Ceuta and Melilla still remain today.
c o m
 Morocco is just across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain. From 1912 to 1956 the country was divided into French and
.
 King Mohammed VI, who has ruled since 1999, claims descent from the Prophet Muhammad.
 Morocco is one of only three kingdoms left on the continent of Africa—the others, Lesotho and Swaziland, are
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small, southern African countries.
 Its culture is a blend of Arab, Berber, European and African influences.
stable and wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world.
k e
 Morocco was a French protectorate between 1912 and 1956. Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively
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 In 1975, Morocco annexed the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. Since then it has been the subject of a
long-running territorial dispute between Morocco and its indigenous Sahrawi people, led by the Polisario Front.
p r a PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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11. What was the magnitude of the earthquake that 13. Morocco does not share its border with which of the
occurred in Morrocco? region?
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(a) S6.2 (b) R6.4 (a) Algeria (b) Western Sahara
(c) C6.6 (d) B6.8 (c) Mediterranean Sea (d) Red Sea
12. What was the major cause of the earthquake in 14. Based on scientific information on seismicity,
Morocco? historical earthquakes, and the tectonic structure of
(a) African and Eurasian plates collided at a the area, India has been categorised into how many
convoluted plate boundary. seismic zones ?
(b) The earthquake occurred at a relatively shallow (a) Three (b) Four
depth beneath the Earth's surface (c) Five (d) Six
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) and (b) 15. The largest earthquake in India, measuring 8.6 on
the Richter scale, struck which region?
(a) Bhuj Earthquake
(b) Assam earthquake
(c) Uttarkashi
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(d) Latur earthquake
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RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARD
Why in news?
Surgical oncologist R. Ravi Kannan, Director of the Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (CCHRC) in Assam, is
one of the Ramon Magsaysay Awardees for 2023. He is credited with revolutionising cancer treatment in Assam through
people-centric and pro-poor healthcare.
Who is Dr. Kannan?

Dr. Kannan hails from Chennai, where he earlier worked at the Cancer Institute, Adyar, before moving to Silchar in
2007. He became the Director of the CCHRC in that year.
According to the citation on the website of the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, under Dr. Kannan’s leadership,
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the CCHRC became a full-fledged comprehensive cancer hospital and research centre. From having limited facilities
when he came on board, the hospital now has 28 departments covering oncology, pathology, radiology, microbiology,
epidemiology, tumour registry, and palliative care. From 23 personnel, the hospital now employs 451 persons.
c o
The hospital introduced pro-poor initiatives such as free treatment, food and lodging, ad hoc employment for caregivers,
.
and a homecare programme as patients could not continue their treatment due to difficulty in travelling long distances,
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and cost, with the underlying reason being poverty. Hospital team members travelled long distances to train family
members in pain management and palliative care, and provided free medicines. As a result, patient compliance rate in
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treatment rose from 28% to 70%.
What is Ramon Magsaysay award?
n k
The Ramon Magsaysay Award is widely regarded as Asia’s premier prize equivalent to Nobel Prize and highest honor.
a
The Award, named after the seventh President of the Philippines, honors “greatness of spirit and transformative
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leadership in selfless service to the peoples of Asia.”
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The Ramon Magsaysay Award is bestowed upon organizations or persons—regardless of race, nationality, creed, or
gender—who address issues of human development in Asia with courage and creativity, and in doing so have made
contributions that have transformed their societies for the better.
rights, culture, and the arts.

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Collectively, the Awardees’ stories paint a portrait of remarkable change and achievement in areas as diverse as rural
and urban development, poverty alleviation, public health, the environment, governance, education, business, human
The first Ramon Magsaysay Awards were given on August 31, 1958 to five outstanding individuals working in India,
Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Sri Lanka, and a Philippine-based organization. To date, over 300 individuals and
organizations have received the Award.
The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation (RMAF) is an international wholly independent non-profit organization
based in Manila, Philippines. RMAF manages the Ramon Magsaysay Award.
Six categories, including "Government Service," "Public Service," "Community Leadership," "Journalism, Literature and
Creative Communication Arts," "Peace and International Understanding," and "Emergent Leadership," were initially
included in the prize. The Ramon Magsaysay Award, with the exception of Emergent Leadership, is no longer granted
in established Award categories as of 2009.
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More about Ramon Magsaysay award
tr-5I7EThe
1E9E Magsaysay Award, which was first given out in 1958, is a noteworthy honour that is frequently referred
Ramon
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to as Asia's Nobel Prize.
 The recipients of this distinguished award are from Asia and are recognised for their outstanding contributions to
society in a variety of fields.
 From 1953 until his tragically early demise in a plane accident in 1957, Ramon Magsaysay served as president of the
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 When Japanese forces invaded the Philippines, which was then a US colony, during World War II, he rose to fame.
 He won the Nationalist Party's presidential primary in December 1953, making it the nation's oldest political
organisation.
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 In 1946, the Philippines was engulfed in post-war instability, which was followed by a widening wealth disparity
that was made worse by the growth of capitalism.
 Leaders were targeted by the government, which was allied with the USA, amid allegations of communist
sympathies and demands for peasant rights.
 Magsaysay's administrative and military tactics were crucial in fending off the alleged communist menace.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
16. Which of the following personalities was awarded 18. The Ramon Magsaysay award is widely recognised
the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award, 2023 ? throughout the world as the award equilvalent to ?
(a) SDr. Ravi Kannan (a) Nobel Prize (b) Academy Awards
(b) RS Suresh Kumar (c) Russ Award (d) Turing Award
(c) CPrakash Singh
(d) BDr. Manjo Kumar 19. Post-2009, the Ramon Magsaysay Award is no longer
17. The Ramon Magsaysay award is given out every year

on August 31st, which also happens to be Ramon
which category?
o m
being given in fixed Award categories, except for
(a) Government service
c
.
Magsaysay's birthday who was the President of (b) emergent leadership
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which of the following countries? ? (c) Peace and international understanding
(a) Philippnes (b) Indonesia (d) Community leadership
(c) Malaysia (d) Samoa
20.
k e The Ramon Magsasay award was established in

which year?
n
(a) 1950 (b) 1954
(c) 1957 (d) 1960
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INDIA-FRANCE BILATERAL NAVAL EXERCISE ‘VARUNA ‘ a
Why in news?
To
Phase II of the 21st edition of Varuna (Varuna-23) bilateral exercise between Indian and French Navy was conducted in
the Arabian Sea. The exercise witnessed participation of guided missile frigates, tanker, Maritime Patrol Aircraft and
integral helicopters from the two sides. The exercise was conducted over three days and witnessed joint operations,
underway replenishment and various tactical manoeuvres.
What is Varuna Exercise?

Indian & French Navy bilateral naval exercise was initiated in 1993. The exercise was later christened as 'Varuna' in 2001
and has since become a hallmark of robust India-France strategic bilateral relationship. Having grown in scope and
complexity over the years, this exercise provides an opportunity to learn from each other's best practices and
procedures. The exercise also facilitates operational level interaction between the two Navies to foster mutual
cooperation for good order at sea, underscoring the shared commitment to ensuring security, safety and freedom of the
global maritime commons.
The 21st Edition of the Bilateral Naval Exercise between India and France – Exercise
3Q1T9TVaruna commenced on the Western
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Seaboard today, 16 Jan 23. While the bilateral exercise between the two navies were initiated in 1993, it was christened
as ‘VARUNA’
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in 2001 and has become a hallmark of India – France strategic bilateral relationship.
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This edition will witness participation of indigenous guided missile stealth destroyer INS Chennai, guided missile frigate
INS Teg, maritime patrol aircraft P-8I and Dornier, integral helicopters and MiG29K fighter aircraft. The French Navy
will be represented by the aircraft carrier Charles De Gaulle, frigates FS Forbin and Provence, support vessel
FS Marne and maritime patrol aircraft Atlantique.
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3Q1T9T The exercise will be conducted over five days from 16 to 20 January
2023.
What is the significance of this exercise?

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The French Navy ships participating in the drill to conduct numerous training sessions of increasing intensity included
the aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and its embarked air group, several Indian and French frigates and their embarked
helicopters as well as a French command and replenishment ship.The aim of the VARUNA joint exercise was to prepare
the crews of these two Indian Ocean nations to face a variety of challenges together, mobilising their anti-surface, anti-
submarine and anti-aircraft assets, as well as shared control of the air-sea environment and ship control. Replenishment
at sea, increasingly complex air combat manoeuvres, and firing drills completed these realistic operational scenarios.
This joint deployment in the Indian Ocean contributes to ensuring stability in this region in line with France and India’s
shared approach of collective security based on respect for international law at sea and in the air. A major annual aero-
naval event whose first edition dates back to 1983, VARUNA bears witness to the ability of the French and the Indian
Navies to deploy and operate together and exemplifies the high level of trust between France and India. The 2023 edition
holds special significance as France and India embark on a year of celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Indo-French
strategic partnership and work towards an ambitious agenda for renewing, expanding and deepening their cooperation.
25th Anniversary of India France Partnership

 India and France are long-standing strategic partners in the Indo-Pacific.
 Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1947, and the upgrading of the
o m
partnership to the strategic level in 1998, two countries have consistently acted together, building on a high level of
c
.
mutual trust.
 To mark the 25th anniversary of the Indo-French partnership, both countries agree to adopt a roadmap to set the
rs
course for the bilateral relationship up to 2047, which will celebrate the centenary of India’s independence, the
centenary of the diplomatic relations between the two countries and 50 years of the strategic partnership.
steadfast commitment to reducing the effects of climate change.
k e
 Climate change is a problem for both nations, and India supported France in the Paris Agreement as a sign of its
 In 2015, both nations established the International Solar Alliance as a part of their cooperative efforts to combat
n
climate change. The secretariat of ISA is located in Gurugram, India.
a
 France, which has ranked as India's second-largest defence supplier from 2017 to 2021, has emerged as a significant
defence partner.
r
o p
 Exercises Shakti (Army), Varuna (Navy), and Garuda (Air Force) are joint exercises between the two nations.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
21.
Sea?
(a) 20th
nd
T
Which edition of Varuna (Varuna-23) bilateral
exercise between Indian and French Navy was
conducted in the Arabian
(b) 21st
24. Which of the following is highest decision-making
body in the Defence Ministry for deciding on new
policies and capital acquisitions for the three
services ?
(c) 22 (d) 24th (a) Defence Acquisition council
(b) Department of defence production
22. Indian and French Navy bilateral naval exercise was (c) Department of research and development
initiated in which year? (d) Department of defence
easy)
(a) 1992 (b) 1993 25. India and France launched the International Solar
(c) 1995 (d) 1996 Alliance (ISA) to boost solar energy in developing
countries. The secretariat of ISA is located in which
23. The air exercised between India and French is place? 3Q1T9T
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known as (a) Sonipat (b) Tarapur
(a) Shakti 1E9E (b) Veer guardian (c) Ahmedabad (d) Gurugram
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(c) Garuda (d) Pitch black
3Q 1T9T
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INDIA’S FIRST EVER UPI-ATM
Why in news?
India's first UPI ATM: The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been the fastest-growing payment mode in the country
and accounts for more than 50% of digital transaction volumes. After revolutionising India's digital payment system,
now country's first UPI ATM was launched on Tuesday. Hitachi Payment Services has introduced 'the country's first-
ever UPI-ATM as a White Label ATM (WLA) in association with National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).
What are the features of UPI ATM

 Compatible with various systems.
 -Transactions without the need for a physical card.
 -Transaction limit of up to ₹10,000 per transaction, aligned with existing UPI daily limits and issuer bank's UPI-
m
ATM transaction limits.
 -Offers convenience by eliminating the necessity to carry an ATM card for cash withdrawals.
Working of UPI ATM

 The UPI-ATM service, also known as Interoperable Cardless Cash Withdrawal (ICCW), offers a convenient way for
.c o
rs
customers of participating banks who are using UPI to withdraw cash from any ATM that supports UPI-ATM
functionality, all without the need for a physical card.
withdrawal amount.
k e
 When a customer selects the ‘UPI cash withdrawal’ option at the ATM, they will be prompted to enter the desired
 Once the amount is entered, a unique and secure dynamic QR code will appear on the ATM screen.
n
 To complete the transaction and obtain cash from the ATM, the customer simply needs to scan this QR code using
a
any UPI app and authorize the transaction with their UPI PIN on their mobile device.
 Choose the amount you want to withdraw.
r
p
 The UPI QR code linked to your chosen amount will be shown.
 Use your UPI app to scan the QR code.
o
 Input your UPI PIN to confirm the transaction.
T
How is it different from cardless cash withdrawals offered by banks?
The current card-less cash withdrawals depend on mobile numbers and OTPs, whereas UPI-ATM functions through
QR-based UPI cash withdrawals. UPI-ATM is available to individuals using UPI who have installed a UPI application
on their Android or iOS smartphones. To conduct transactions, users need to have a UPI application installed on their
Android or iOS mobile devices.
National Payment Corporation of India

 The National Payments Corporations of India (NPCI) is an umbrella organisation launched in 2008 by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) and the Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) under the provisions of the Payment and Settlement
Systems Act, 2007.
 The NPCI, owned by a consortium of banks, is aimed at creating robust payments and settlement systems. NPCI is
promoted by ten major banks, including the State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Citibank, Bank of Baroda,
and HSBC.
 In 2016 the shareholding was broad-based to 56 member banks to include 3Qmore
1T9T banks representing all sectors.
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 According to the NPCI website, new entities regulated by RBI were inducted in 2020, consisting of Payment Service
Operators,
1E9E payment banks, and Small Finance Banks. NPCI has also launched products including RuPay, Bharat
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Bill Payment System (BBPS), Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), and Unified Payments Interface (UPI). UPI has
been termed as the revolutionary product in the payment system, the NPCI website read.
 The NPCI has recently notified a new interchange fee (1.1 per cent for transactions over ₹2,000) applicable to Pre
Paid Instruments (PPI).
 “There is no charge to customers.
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0Uis further
7O3Q 1T9T clarified that there are no charges for the bank account to bank
account based UPI payments (i.e. normal UPI payments),” the NPCI added.
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Digital economy
 With a strong foundation of digital infrastructure and expanded digital access through Digital India Programme of
the Government, India is now poised for the next phase of growth — creation of tremendous economic value and
empowerment of citizens as new digital applications permeate sector after sector.
 India can create up to $1 trillion of economic value from the digital economy in 2025, up from around $200
billion currently
 India’s digital consumer base is the second largest in the world and growing at the second-fastest rate amongst
major economies.
 India’s inclusive digital model is narrowing the digital divide within the country and bringing benefits of technology
to all segments of people.
 Half the potential economic value of $1 trillion in 2025 could come from new digital ecosystems in diverse sectors,
including financial services, agriculture, healthcare, logistics, jobs and skills market, e-governance and other areas.
 The Digital India program, launched in July 2015, is a flagship program of the Government of India that is
transforming the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Building on this foundation,
India now has a massive opportunity to further scale up its digital economy.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
c o m
26. What is the transaction limit per transaction in the
India’s first ever UPI ATM ?
28.
rs .
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) was
established in which year?
e
(a) 5000 (b) 10,000 (a) 2015 (b) 2010
(c) 15,000 (d) 20,000 (c) 2009 (d) 2008
27. In February 2023, which of the following payment

bank has become the first to launch the National
Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) enabled UPI
an k
29. India’s first ever UPI ATM has been launched by
which payment services?
(a) Bajaj Finance
LITE feature for multiple small-value UPI
transactions? ?
p r (b) Hitachi payment services

(c) ICICI Bank
o
(a) India Post Payments Bank Ltd (d) Bharat pe
(b) Paytm Payments Bank Ltd
T
(c) Airtel Payment Bank 30. Which country has topped the list for digital
(d) NSDL Payments Bank Limited payments transactions in the year 2022 according to
data provided by mygovIndia?
(a) China (b) Denmark
(c) India (d) USA
INDIAN DRONE POLICY

Why in news?
The Ministry of Civil Aviation in India has introduced the Drone (Amendment) Rules 2023, which will come into effect
from September 27, 2023. These amendments aim to liberalize, promote, and streamline drone operations across the
country, with a vision to establish India as a global drone hub by 2030.
3Q1T9T
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New Amendments in Drone Rules 2021
 After the
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1E9Egovernment banned the import of drones in India, the civil aviation ministry has made another major
change to the new drone laws in the country.
 It has, in fact, made it easier for people to fly small drones legally for non-commercial purposes. The government
has now announced the Drone (Amendment) Rules, 2022 which says that remote pilot certificate (earlier it was
called licence) will not be required for flying small to medium size drones of up to 2kg for non-commercial purposes.
 Now, the government has simply extended
tr-5O7N
9T
0U7O3Q1Tthe relaxation which was meant for nano drones only to micro drones
up to 2 kg, provided the same micro drone is used only for non-commercial usage.
 Now, as per the new government rule, you are not required to get a licence from DGCA separately after getting
trained from a DGCA-approved drone training institute.
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 You will now get a ‘Remote Pilot Certificate’ from the DGCA-approved drone training institute itself after passing
the course that will make you eligible to fly micro drones for commercial purposes.
 This will simply speed up the process of more drone pilots trained in India to boost drone deliveries in the country.
Drone Rules 2021:

 No person shall operate an unmanned aircraft system without first registering it on the digital sky platform and
obtaining a unique identification number, unless exempted from the requirement of a unique identification number
under Drone Rules, 2021.
 A registration record shall be maintained by the Director General of all such unmanned aircraft systems to which
unique identification number has been issued under Drone
 It shall be the responsibility of the person operating an unmanned aircraft system to ensure that such unmanned
aircraft system conforms to a valid type certificate.
 Remote Pilot License , General – No individual other than a holder of a valid remote pilot license enlisted on the
digital sky platform shall operate an unmanned aircraft system.
unmanned aircraft system or a combination of these, for which it is issued.

 An individual shall be eligible to obtain a remote pilot license, if he:
c m
 Classification – A remote pilot license shall specifically mention the category, sub-category and classification of the
o
 is not less than eighteen years of age and not more than sixty-five years of age
 has passed class tenth examination or its equivalent from a recognized Board
rs .
 has successfully completed such training as may be specified by the Director General, from any authorized remote
e
pilot training organization.
 Import of unmanned aircraft systems shall be regulated by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade or any other
entity authorized by the Central Government.
PLI Scheme for drones
an k
r
 The Central Government has notified the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for drones and drone
components on September 30, 2021.
o p
 The PLI scheme and new drone rules are intended to catalyse super-normal growth in the. The annual sales turnover
of the drone manufacturing industry may grow from Rs 60 crores in 2020-21 to over Rs 900 crores in FY 2023-24.
 The drone manufacturing industry is expected to generate over 10,000 direct jobs over the next three years.
T
 Features of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme are:
 The total amount allocated for the PLI scheme for drones and drone components is Rs 120 crores spread over three
financial years. This amount is nearly double the combined turnover of all domestic drone manufacturers in FY
2020-21.
 . The incentive for a manufacturer of drones and drone components shall be as high as 20 per cent of the value
addition made by her.
 . The value addition shall be calculated as the annual sales revenue from drones and drone components (net of GST)
minus the purchase cost (net of GST) of drone and drone components.
 . The Government, has agreed to keep the PLI rate constant at 20 per cent for all three years, an exceptional
treatment given only to the drone industry. In PLI schemes for other sectors, the PLI rate reduces every year.
 The proposed tenure of the PLI scheme is three years starting in FY 2021- 22. The PLI scheme will be extended or
redrafted after studying its impact in consultation with the industry
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
3Q1T9T
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31. For drones weighing up to how many kilogrammes, 32. The government has notified the Drone Rules 2021
0B7F3D1E 9E
tr-a5I7E
remote pilot
certificate is not necessary for that is expected to make drone operations simpler
personal, non-commercial use? for civilian drone operators. Under the rules, Import
(a) 1kg (b) 2kg of drones will be regulated by which agency?
(c) 3kg (d) 4kg (a) Directorate General of Foreign Trade
1T9T
(b) Drone Council of india
3Q
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(d) Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
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15
33. First drone attack was experienced by India in which (a) 120 crore (b) 130 crore
of the following places? climate conference was held (c) 140 crore (d) 150 crore
in which year?
(a) Air Force station Jammu 35. Which of the following is collaborating with the
(b) Amritsar Punjab Drone Federation of India to co-host ‘Bharat Drone
(c) Mumbai Shakti 2023’, in Hindan, Ghaziabad?
(d) Balakot (a) Indian Air Force
(b) Ministry of civil aviation
34. The Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) recently (c) Ministry of commerce and industry
approved the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) (d) Indian Military
scheme for drones and drone components. What is
amount allocated towards the scheme?
Why in news
CAUVERY RIVER DISPUTE
c o m
In Karnataka’s Mandya, protests are underway over the sharing of Cauvery water with neighbouring Tamil Nadu
rs
following the Supreme Court’s refusal last week to interfere in the enforcement of the water-sharing agreements
between the states and the decisions of the Cauvery Water Management Authority and Cauvery Water Regulation
.
e
Committee.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
n k
 The Cauvery River, which flows through the southern Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and the Union
a
Territory of Puducherry, has been a focal point of one of the most contentious water disputes.
r
 This long-standing conflict, known as the Cauvery water dispute, has its roots in historical agreements and differing
demands.
o p
 The dispute dates back to the colonial era when the British government established agreements to allocate the
river's waters among the princely states of Mysore and Madras presidency (now Karnataka and Tamil Nadu,
respectively).
T
 These pacts, known as the 1892 and 1924 agreements, laid the foundation for the dispute that would continue for
over a century.
 The 1892 Agreement between the then State of Mysore and Madras was on taking up new irrigation works across
the rivers. But this agreement was not as significant as the one in 1924, which went on to become the real origin of
the dispute.
 In 1910, Mysore proposed constructing the Kanambadi dam on the Cauvery River. Around the same time, Madras
also proposed an irrigation project on the same river. Madras raised objections to the second phase of the
Kanambadi project, prompting the Indian government's intervention.
 Under Griffin's oversight, an agreement was crafted on February 18, 1924, which was intended to remain in effect
for the next 50 years.
 Comprising 10 clauses, the 1924 agreement stipulated that, for at least the subsequent five decades, Tamil Nadu and
Puducherry would receive 75 per cent of the Cauvery water allocation, while 23 percent would be allocated to
Mysore, with the remainder flowing into Kerala or what was then known as Travancore.
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Timeline
 After state reorganisation in 1956, Tamil Nadu received 75 per cent of Cauvery water and expanded its irrigated
1E9E
0B7F3DBut
tr-5I7Eareas. the issues persisted.
 Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was constituted in 1990 to adjudicate the water sharing issue. The
tribunal's final order was issued in 2007.
 As per this, 30 tmc (thousand million cubic feet) was alloted to Kerala, 270 tmc to Karnataka, 419 tmc to Tamil
Nadu, and 7 tmc to Puducherry. 3Q1T9T
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 On February 16, 2018, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous judgment which led to a decrease in Karnataka’s
annual water releases from 192 TMC to 177.25 TMC. It also reduced Tamil Nadu's share of water.
 On the court’s direction, the Centre on June 1, 2018, established the Cauvery Water Management Authority to
implement the judgement.
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 On August 14, the Tamil Nadu government approached the Supreme Court, requesting its intervention in
compelling Karnataka to immediately release 24,000 cubic feet per second (cusecs) of water from its reservoirs.
 Tamil Nadu urged the Court to instruct Karnataka to adhere to the release of 36.76 TMC of water, as mandated for
September 2023 by the final award of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) in 2007.
 Karnataka contended that lower rainfall in the Cauvery catchment area, encompassing regions in Kerala, had led to
inadequate inflow into its reservoirs.
 Chief Minister Siddaramaiah explained that historically, whenever there was excess water in the reservoirs,
Karnataka willingly supplied it to Tamil Nadu. However, this year, unfavourable conditions have left Karnataka
unable to do so.
 Once the matter reached the court, the Supreme Court declined to intervene with the orders of the Cauvery Water
Management Authority and Cauvery Water Regulation Committee. These orders had directed Karnataka to release
5,000 cusecs of water to Tamil Nadu.
 On September 18, the Cauvery Water Management Authority reiterated the requirement for Karnataka to continue
releasing 5,000 cusecs (cubic feet per second) of water to Tamil Nadu for a duration of 15 days, upholding the
Cauvery Water Regulation Committee's previous order issued on September 12
What are the arguments of the states?
c o m
.
 The Karnataka government contends that since the 1924 agreement had a 50-year expiration date, its terms should
rs
not be applicable to today's water distribution.
 Karnataka also argues that at the time the agreement was reached, Tamil Nadu was a British province, and
e
Karnataka was a princely state, which may have limited its ability to assert its interests effectively.
 Conversely, Tamil Nadu asserts that altering the fundamental nature of 1924 agreement would be detrimental to
both regions.
n k
 Tamil Nadu claims that when the agreement was originally negotiated, it was understood that its clauses would be
a
reviewed after 50 years, rather than entirely overhauled.
 A balancing reservoir is being built as part of the multifaceted Mekedatu project in the Karnataka district of
Ramanagara, close to Kanakapura
p r
 Tamil Nadu contends that the Mekadatu dam would have a severe impact on the state's agricultural operations and
o
water supplies by dramatically reducing the amount of water flowing downstream.
36.
(a) Karnataka
(c) Kerala
T
The river Kaveri does not pass through which of the
following states?
(b) Tamil Nadu
(d) Andhra Pradesh
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
38. Which of the project in Karnataka is behind the

cause of cauvery water dispute ?
(a) Mekedatu dam projects
(b) Bhadra dam project
(c) Krishnasagar dam project
37. Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was (d) Tungbhadra dam project
established in which of the following year?
(a) 1985 (b) 1974 39. The distribution, use , supply of water has been dealt
(c) 1990 (d) 1978 with under which list of the Indian constitution?
(a) State (b) Union
(c) Residuary (d) Concurrent
40. tr-River
5O7N0Ukaveri
7O3Q1Tis 9T
known by which name in Tamil Nadu?
(a) Vridha (b) Gomathi
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1E9E (c) Amonni (d) Ponni
3Q 1T9T
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COUP IN GABON
Why in news:
A gang of mutinous troops claimed to have staged another coup attempt in the oil-rich but politically unstable country
of Gabon. They claimed to have taken control of the government and put the president under house arrest. Allegations
of election fraud and corruption against President Ali Bongo Ondimba led to a coup attempt, reflecting the rising unrest
in the country.
Brief details about Gabon:

The former French colony of Gabon, which is bordered on all sides by the Atlantic Ocean, nevertheless has close ties to
France and the French language and culture. Libreville is the nation's capital. Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
and Cameroon are its neighbors on land. There are 2.3 million people living in Gabon as of 2021, and 88% of the land is
covered in forests. One of the greatest places to see wildlife in Gabon is the Loango National Park, which is frequently
m
referred to as "Africa's last Eden." The fourth-largest oil producer in Sub-Saharan Africa is Gabon. Oil and manganese
production over the previous ten years have been the key drivers of strong economic growth. Despite efforts to diversify
the economy, the oil sector still made up 70.5% of exports and 38.5% of the GDP in 2020. Since Gabon gained its
independence from France in 1960, there have been few presidents, with Omar Bongo serving as the country's leader
.c
for more than 40 years until his passing in 2009. Under the "Francafrique" system, Gabon maintained tight ties with
o
rs
France during his reign, getting financial favors in exchange for political and military support. Despite being a significant
oil producer, the World Bank estimates that a third of Gabon's citizens are living in poverty. The seventh-largest oil
e
producer in Africa is Gabon, a member of OPEC.
Details about the Gabon Coup:
n k
The military has taken control of Gabon, a nation in West Africa, making it the seventh former French colony in the
a
area to have a coup since 2020. Minutes after election results gave President Ali Bongo his third consecutive term in
r
office, the coup was broadcast on national television. He requested his supporters to raise a fuss in his defense after the
army overthrew him in a coup and placed him under house arrest. The throngs of people that have filled the streets,
o p
however, have celebrated the coup. For more than 55 years, Bongo's family dominated Gabon. He was accused of
corruption, holding fraudulent elections, and failing to distribute more of the country's oil and mineral revenues to the
poor.
T
Who took the leadership after the Coup:
The Central African oil-producing country of Gabon underwent a military revolution. President Ali Bongo was put under
home arrest after being declared the winner of a controversial election. Since 2020, there have been seven coup attempts
in West and Central Africa, continuing a regional trend of failed democratization. In addition to annulling election
results and dissolving governmental institutions, military leaders announced the coup. When the officers declared
President Bongo's victory to be invalid, President Bongo was placed under house arrest. General Brice Oligui Nguema
was chosen as the new leader by a unanimous vote of the generals.
How is the relationships between Gabon and India:

Since Gabon's time before independence, India and Gabon have had cordial relations. India and Gabon are both NAM
(non-aligned movement) members. In May 2022, the vice president of India at the time paid Gabon his first-ever high-
level visit. Foreign Trade in 2021–2022, increased to USD 1.12 billion. The second-largest market for Gabonese exports is
India. Gabon's energy cooperation is crucial for India's energy security. In 2021–2022, India imported crude oil from
Gabon for roughly USD 670 million. Several Gabonese citizens tr- enroll
5O7N0U 3Q1T9T and scholarship programs. These
in7Otraining
initiatives are provided by India under the ITEC and ICCR programs for Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation.
1E9E
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Conclusion:
To protect its distinctive ecosystems and species, Gabon has created a network of protected areas, aiding in worldwide
conservation efforts. Launched in 2020, the Gabon Bleu Initiative focuses on marine conservation and seeks to safeguard
26% of Gabon's seas by 2025. The Gabonese government has taken action to stop illicit logging and protect its
1T9T
5O7N0U7O3Q biodiversity and regulating the climate.Although there are still access
rainforests, which are essential fortr-maintaining
discrepancies, the government has worked to enhance healthcare, education, and social services for its inhabitants.
w 6390573333
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
41. The military has taken control of Gabon, a nation in (a) François Bozizé
West Africa, making it the seventh former (x) colony (b) Roguy Méyé Soccer
in the area to have a coup since 2020. Replace (x) (c) Bruno Ecuele Manga
with appropriate option: (d) Ali Bongo
(a) British (b) Dutch
(c) French (d) Portuguese 44. Recently, a military coup was executed in Gabon.
Gabon is famously referred as: :
42. Who is appointed as the new leader as per the (a) Africa’s last Eden
through a unanimous vote after the military coup (b) The Emerald Oasis
that was carried out in Gabon? : (c) The Serengeti of Central Africa
(a) Brice Oligui Nguema (d) The Amazon of the Equator
(b) Ali Bongo
(c) Patience Dabany
(d) Jean Ping
45.
o m
Despite efforts to diversify the economy, the oil
sector still made up 70.5% of exports and 38.5% of
the GDP in 2020. Currently Gabon is Africa’s (x)
c
.
43. An attempt at a coup has once again been made by a largest producer of oil. Replace (x) with appropriate
handful of mutinous troops in Gabon, a country in option: :
rs
Central Africa that is rich in oil but also suffers from (a) Fourth (b) Fifth
poverty and political unrest. The coup was executed (c) Sixth (d) Seventh
against: :
k e
Why in news:
r an ASIAN GAMES
o p
The 19th Asian Games, held in Hangzhou, the People's Republic of China, from September 23 to October 8, 2023,
attracted a delegation from India consisting of 655 athletes. The Asian Games 2023 were supposed to take place in 2022,
but the COVID-19 epidemic forced a one-year delay. With a team of 570 competitors in the most recent Asian Games
T
in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2018, India won a record-breaking 70 medals, including 16 gold, 23 silver, and 31 bronze.
Brief history about Asian Games:

The four-year continental multi-sport event known as the Asian Games, or Asiad, attracts competitors from all around
Asia. The Asian Games Federation (AGF) oversaw the competition from the first Games in New Delhi, India, to the 1978
Games. The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) has organized the events since the 1982 dissolution of the Asian Games
Federation. The Games, which are regarded as the second-largest multisport event in the world after the Olympic
Games, are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
How Asian Games came into picture:

A member of the Indian International Olympic Committee named Guru Dutt Sondhi introduced the idea of the Asian
Games as an athletic event where all Asian nations might be represented after the Second World War, when many Asian
countries won independence. In 1951, the inaugural Asian Games were held in New Delhi.From 1951 to 1978, the Asian
Games Federation oversaw the regulation of the Asian Games. The Asian Games are governed by the Olympic Council
of Asia since 1982. India hosted the first Asian Games and is a founding 7O3Q1T9T
member
tr-5O7N0U of the organization. In November and
December 1982, the 9th Asian Games were also held in New Delhi. The inaugural mascot for the Asian Games was Appu,
1E9E
tr-an Indian
5I7E 0B7F3Delephant.
19th edition Asian Games:

In Hangzhou and the five co-host cities, a total of 54 competition sites will hold 61 disciplines across 40 sports. With
quota seats available in those nine sports, competitions in archery, artistic swimming, boxing, breaking, hockey, modern
9T
3Q1Talso
0U7Owill
pentathlon, sailing, tennis, and water polo
tr-5O7N function as Olympic qualifiers. The robots Chenchen, Congcong,
and Lianlaian are the 19th Asian Games' mascots. "Eternal Flame" is the name of the torch for the 19th Asian Games.
The Liangzhu Culture of ancient Chinese civilization served as an inspiration for the design. Breaking (Breakdance) and
esports are expected to make their debuts as recognized and official sporting events.
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19
The most successful country:
China has won the most medals out of the 44 countries that have so far competed in the Asian Games, followed by Japan
and South Korea. Pakistan is not among the top ten countries, but India is ranked fourth in terms of overall medals.Of
the 800 entrants, India had sent the final group of 572 athletes to the 2018 Asian Games. The most Indian athletes have
ever participated in the Asian Games, dating back to their establishment.China has a record of 1473 gold medals and
3187 overall medals, making them the most successful competitor in the annals of the Asian Games.
Dispute ISL and AIFF in Asian Games:

The SAFF Cup 2023 saw India's national football team achieve extraordinary success, and now the game is embroiled in
a divisive club vs. country dispute. The All India Football Federation (AIFF) and Indian Super League (ISL) teams are
at odds over player availability, and as a result, there is doubt about the team's makeup for the 2017 Asian Games. The
19th Asian Games, which were originally slated to take place in 2022 but were postponed because to the Covid-19
outbreak, will now be held in Hangzhou, China, from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
Conclusion:
o m
India has a long history of success at the Asian Games in the athletics discipline, which accounts for a sizable amount
c
.
of their medal haul. With 68 athletes competing in track and field events in Hangzhou 2023, India will send the greatest
contingent of participants in any sport. India will enter teams in both men's and women's cricket in the Asian Games
rs
for the first time. 74 Olympic berths for Paris 2024 are available during the Asian Games in Hangzhou, giving
competitors a chance to advance to the following Olympics.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
k e
46. The 19th edition of Asian Games are going to be held
in which country?
(a) India (b) China
r an 48. The first Asian games was organised in New Delhi. It

was held in the year:
(a) 1948 (b) 1951
p
(c) Japan (d) Sri Lanka (c) 1955 (d) 1950
47.
represented?
T
(a) Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi
(b) Guru Dutt Sondhi
(c) Birendra Prasad Baishya
o
Who is credited as brainchild of Asian Games as a
sporting event, where all Asian nations can be
49. What is the name of the torch used for the 19th Asian
Games that was inspired by the Liangzhu Culture of
ancient Chinese civilization?
(a) Eternal Flame
(c) Heritage Flame
(b) Ancient Fire
(d) Culture Beacon
(d) Radha Govinda Baruah 50. Which country has the highest medal count in the
history of Asian Games?
(a) Japan (b) South Korea
(c) Iran (d) China
NIPAH VIRUS
Why Nipah Virus is in news:
The Nipah Virus (NiV) infection is a recently discovered zoonosis that 3Q1T9Tserious illness in both humans and
causes
0U7O
tr-5O7N
animals, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). An RNA virus belonging to the genus Henipavirus is the
9E infection spreads quickly and is deadly. With infected patients, the mortality rate can reach 70%. The
tr-Nipah virus.
5I7E0B7F3D1EThe
Nipah Virus is an ailment that spreads through the air and can harm people who come into touch with infected bodies,
such as those of infected pigs or bats. Bats with the virus shed it through their excretions and secretions. There is
evidence of human-to-human transmission as well. Pigs and other domestic animals can contract sickness from NiV as
well. The main way that the virus spreads to humans in humans is through direct contact with pigs.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
What is Nipah Virus:
It is a zoonotic virus, meaning that people can contract it from animals. The Nipah virus, also known as the RNA virus
or ribonucleic acid virus, is closely related to the Hendra virus and belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. Infection
w 6390573333
20
with the rare developing zoonosis known as the Hendra virus (HeV) results in severe and frequently deadly infections
in both afflicted horses and people. In 1998 and 1999, Malaysia and Singapore experienced its initial outbreak. The
disease is called after the Malaysian village of Sungai Nipah, where it was discovered for the first time. Several domestic
animal species, including dogs, cats, goats, horses, and sheep, have been found to have it, including domestic pigs,
which are where it first appeared.
How Nipah Virus spreads:

The Nipah and Hendra viruses are naturally hosted by fruit bats, also known as "flying foxes," of the genus Pteropus.
The virus can be found in bat pee, as well as perhaps in feces, saliva, and birth fluids.Over 50 viruses are hosted by the
Indian Flying Fox. Around 1,200 different species of bats make up 20% of the animal variety on the planet. Bats who
spend a lot of time in the air have higher body temperatures, stronger immune systems, and are better able to withstand
the harmful effects of microorganisms. Because the nipah virus typically causes brain inflammation, multiple days of
fever can frequently result in a state of confusion, disorientation, and even protracted sleepiness. NiV complications
that can be deadly include encephalitis, which can also develop as an acute or late-onset condition. In an infected
person, neurological, respiratory, and pulmonary symptoms also appear. Drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, headaches,
fever, and mental health problems like disorientation are some of the typical NiV indications and symptoms.
c o m
.
Nipah Virus and Outbreak in India:
The first Nipah Virus outbreak occurred in Siliguri, India, in 2001, while the second one occurred in Nadia, West Bengal,
rs
in 2007. As soon as the Kerela outbreak in 2018 was contained to Kerala's Kozhikode and Malappuram districts, it was
deemed to be over. In June 2019, there was another instance in Kochi.
Conclusion:
k e
The Nipah virus can cause a patient to experience mild to severe symptoms, including acute respiratory sickness and
n
lethal encephalitis, both of which can lead to death. The first three to fourteen days after infection are when the Nipah
a
symptoms appear. It involves cold-like signs and symptoms include fever, sore throat, coughing, and breathing
r
problems. In more severe situations, it can result in cerebral enlargement, which causes confusion, tiredness, a sense of
p
disorientation, vomiting, and eventually falls into a comatose state. Consequences like convulsions and personality
abnormalities might be observed in survivors even after they have overcome the Nipah symptoms over time.
51.
To
The Nipah Virus (NiV) infection is a recently
discovered zoonosis that causes serious illness in
both humans and animals, according to the World
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
53. Which among the following animals cannot spread

the Nipah Virus?
(a) Fruit bats (b) Flying foxes
Health Organization (WHO). The Nipah virus is a (c) Pigs (d) Cows
type of (x) virus in the genus Henipavirus. Replace
54. According to the World Health Organization
(x) with appropriate option:
(WHO), the Nipah Virus (NiV) infection is a recently
(a) DNA (b) RNA discovered zoonosis that affects both humans and
(c) mRNA (d) mDNA animals severely. In which year WHO was
established?
52. In which of the following country Nipah Virus was
(a) 1945 (b) 1948
first identified?
(c) 1950 (d) 1952
(a) Malaysia (b) Indonesia
0U7O3Q1T9T
5O7Nfirst
tr-The
(c) Japan (d) China 55. outbreak of Nipah Virus happened in which
state of India?
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D (a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) West Bengal
(d) Haryana
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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21
SELF-RESPECT MARRIAGES
Why in news?
The Supreme Court on Monday (August 28) observed that there is no blanket ban on advocates solemnising “self-
respect” marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
In doing so, a Bench of Justices S Ravindra Bhat and Aravind Kumar set aside a 2014 ruling of the Madras High Court
holding that marriages performed by the advocates are not valid and that “suyamariyathai” or “self-respect”
marriages cannot be solemnised in secrecy.
What are ‘self-respect’ marriages?

On January 17, 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 1967, received the President’s approval and
became the law. This amendment modified the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, by inserting Section 7-A into it. However,
m
it extended only to the state of Tamil Nadu.
Section 7-A deals with the special provision on “self-respect and secular marriages”. It legally recognises “any marriage
between any two Hindus”, which can be referred to as “suyamariyathai” or “seerthiruththa marriage” or by any other
name.
.c o
Such marriages are solemnised in the presence of relatives, friends, or other persons, with parties declaring each other
rs
to be husband or wife, in a language understood by them. Further, each party to the marriage garlands the other or puts
a ring on the other’s finger or ties a “thali” or mangal sutra. However, such marriages are also required to be registered
e
as per the law.
k
One of the important claims of the self-respect movement was that all forms of customary and traditional Hindu
n
marriages, mainly the Brahmanical ones, upheld caste supremacy and the patriarchal rights of men. The movement
a
advocated that a man and a woman should enter a dissoluble contract to form a conjugal relationship without
r
conforming to any religious practices. Further, in the context of widely practised bigamy among Hindu men, the
movement advocated the civil registration of all marriages and upheld women’s rights to dissolve the marriage, remarry,
o p
and claim their rights in property. The court, on the other hand, by denying the validity of self-respect marriage, denied
Rajathi her conjugal rights. Subsequently, in 1969, after the Hindu Marriage Amendment Act in 1967 which legalised
the Suyamariyathai thirumanam, Rajathi successfully claimed the restitution of her conjugal rights after a new trial. In
T
the case of Chidambaram Chettiar vs Deivanai Achi, the Madras High Court suggested to the Congress party-led Madras
legislature that it take the initiative to legitimise self-respect marriages and protect the property rights of Hindus who
had adopted non-religious marriage practices. In 1953, the Madras government decided to introduce the ‘Hindu Non-
Conformist Marriage Registration Bill, 1954’, but despite it being taken up for consideration, was withdrawn and even
rejected by the same government on the ground that the Special Marriage Act 1954 would cover the provisions for self-
respect marriages.
The rationale behind the Tamil Nadu government amending the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, to include “suyamariyathai”
or “self-respect” marriages, was to radically simplify weddings by shunning the need for mandatory Brahmin priests,
holy fire and saptapadi (seven steps). This allowed marriages to be declared in the presence of the couple’s friends or
family or any other persons. In a nutshell, the amendment was made to do away with the need for priests and rituals,
which were otherwise required to complete wedding ceremonies.
In its recent order, the Supreme Court allowed a petition challenging a Madras High Court order dated May 5 where
9T solemnised such marriages in their
the court had ordered the initiation of disciplinary action against the 7N0U7O3Q1T
tr-5Oadvocates who
offices and issued marriage certificates to consenting adults.
tr-In the
5I7E 0Bcase of9E
7F3D1E “Ilavarasan v. Superintendent of Police”, a Bench of Justices Ravindra Bhat and Aravind Kumar was hearing
an appeal of a man called Ilavarasan against a Madras High Court order passed in May 2023, rejecting his habeas corpus
petition to present his wife before the court.
The petitioner had claimed that he had performed “suyamariyathai” with his wife, who was currently under her parents’
“illegal custody”. Refusing to accept the “self-respect” marriage certificate issued by the advocate, the Madras High Court
9T
7O3Q1The
dismissed Ilvarasan’s habeas corpus plea.
tr-5O 7N0UThus, was compelled to move the top court, which successfully admitted
his plea.
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22
In doing so, the court overruled the 2014 ruling of the Madras High Court in “Balakrishna Pandian v. The Superintendent
of Police”, where it was held that marriages performed by the advocates are invalid and that “suyammariyathai” or “self-
respect” marriages cannot be solemnised in secrecy.
The Madras High Court had held in its 2014 ruling: “We are very clear in our mind that even the protagonists of the
Suyammariyathai/Seerthiruththa form of marriage did not visualize marriages being solemnised in secrecy. The very
idea of performing marriages with celebration is to publicly declare the marital status of the parties. Even Thanthai
Periyar used to conduct Suyamariyathai form of marriages publicly so that the world recognised the status of the
couples. Hence, celebration of marriage is not antithetical to Suyammariyathai/Seerthiruththa form of marriage.
Therefore, we are of the opinion that a marriage conducted in secrecy with few strangers around, be it Suyammariyathai
form, will not amount to solemnisation, as required under Section 7 & 7-A of the Hindu Marriage Act”.
Further, the top court also relied on its 2001 ruling in “Nagalingam v. Sivagami”, which said that there is no blanket ban
on advocates to solemnise marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act (Tamil Nadu State Amendment
Act).
Sources-https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-milestone-in-hindu-marriage-reform-in-
india/article67358308.ece https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/self-respect-marriages-supreme-
court-8914350/
c o m
.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
rs
56. In which year the self-respect marriages were
legalized in India for the first time? 59. Who led the Self Respect Marriage Movement?
(a) January 17, 1968
(b) August 28, 2014
(c) August 28, 1955
k e (a) Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

(b) B.N. Rau
(c) S.M. Annamalai
57.
(d) January 17, 1955
What was the main purpose of the Madras
r an (d) It led to the registration of self-respect

marriages in Tamil Nadu.
p
Suyamariyathai Marriage Validation Bill introduced 60. Consider the following statements regarding Self
by S.M. Annamalai in 1965? Respect Marriage and Movement:
caste marriages
marriages under Hindu law

To
(a) To discourage non-ritual, consensual inter-
(b) To provide legal recognition for self-respect
(c) To promote Brahminic interpretations of

Hindu marriage
(1) It sought to promote gender equality within
marriage. It advocated for the rights of women,
including their right to dissolve a marriage,
remarry, and claim their rights in property.
This was aimed at challenging patriarchal
norms within traditional Hindu marriages.
(d) To restrict women's rights to seek divorce (2) The Self-Respect Movement was also called the
Dravidian Movement. The movement
58. What was the outcome of the 'Hindu Non- demanded equal rights for the backward castes,
Conformist Marriage Registration Bill, 1954' with a focus on women’s rights.
introduced in the Madras government? (3) It regards Brahminical rituals, caste endogamy,
(a) It was passed by the Madras legislature and religious restrictions, and gender norms on a
became law. higher pedestal than autonomy of parties
(b) It was rejected by the Madras government. entering into marriage.
(c) It was passed by the Indian Parliament and Which of the above statements is/are correct?
received presidential assent. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
7O3Q1T9T
(d) It led to the registration of self-respect 1 0U
5O7N
tr-(c) and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
marriages in Tamil Nadu.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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23
LADAKH AUTONOMOUS HILL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The Supreme Court invalidated Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC) election process from a
notification recently, ordering a fresh notification within seven days.
The bench of Justices Vikram Nath and Ahsanuddin Amanulla, while imposing a cost of Rs 1 lakh on the Ladakh
administration, also dismissed its appeal against an August 14 order of a division bench of the Jammu and Kashmir High
Court which had upheld an interim order by a single-judge bench for grant of the Plough poll symbol to the Jammu and
Kashmir National Conference (JKNC).
About Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council:

 LAHDC, Leh is an autonomous district council that administers the Leh district of Ladakh.
 The council was created under the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Act of 1995.
m
 LAHDC-Leh has a total of 30 seats and four councillors are nominated by the government.
 The executive arm of the council consists of an executive committee composed of a Chief Executive Councillor and
four other executive councillors.
 The autonomous hill council work with village panchayats to take decisions on economic development, healthcare,
.c
education, land use, taxation, and local governance which are further reviewed at the block headquarters in the
o
rs
presence of the chief executive councillor and executive councilors.
Constitutional Provisions
e
 Sixth Schedule: The Sixth Schedule under Article 244 provides for the formation of autonomous administrative
k
divisions — Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) — that have some legislative, judicial, and
administrative autonomy within a state.
an
 The Sixth Schedule contains special provisions for the administration of tribal areas in the four north-eastern states
of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
r
 Autonomous Districts: The tribal areas in these four states have been constituted as autonomous districts.
o p
 The governor is empowered to organise and re-organise the autonomous districts.
 The acts of Parliament or the state legislature do not apply to autonomous districts or apply with specified
T
modifications and exceptions.
 The power of direction, in this regard, lies either with the President or Governor.
 District Council: Each autonomous district has a district council consisting of 30 members, of whom four
are nominated by the Governor and the remaining 26 are elected on the basis of adult franchise.
 The elected members hold office for a term of five years (unless the council is dissolved earlier) and nominated
members hold office during the pleasure of the governor.
 Each autonomous region also has a separate regional council.
Powers of the Council

 The district and regional councils administer the areas under their jurisdiction.
 They can make laws on certain specified matters like land, forests, canal water, shifting cultivation, village
administration, and the inheritance of property, marriage and divorce, social customs and so on. But all such laws
require the assent of the Governor.
 They can constitute village councils or courts for trial of suits and cases between the tribes. They hear appeals from
them. The jurisdiction of the high court over these suits and cases is specified
3Q1T9Tby the governor.
tr-5O7N0U7O
 The district council can establish, construct or manage primary schools, dispensaries, markets, ferries, fisheries,
roads and
1E9Eso on in the district.
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
 They are empowered to assess and collect land revenue and to impose certain specified taxes.
Sources - https://indianexpress.com/article/india/supreme-court-ladakh-hill-council-polls-national-conference-
plough-symbol-8926937/
3Q1T9T
https://iasscore.in/current-affairs/prelims/ladakh-autonomous-hill-development-council-36
tr-5O7N0U7O
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24
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
61. What symbol did the Supreme Court allot to the 63. Which areas in India have autonomous
Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) administrative divisions known as Autonomous
for the LAHDC elections? District Councils (ADCs) as per the Sixth Schedule?
(a) Hand (b) Plough (a) All states and Union Territories
(c) Cycle (d) Elephant (b) Four northeastern states
(c) Western states of India
62. How many members constitute a district council in (d) Southern states of India
an autonomous district under the Sixth Schedule?
(a) 15 members (b) 20 members 64. Which is the biggest ethnic group in Ladakh?
(c) 26 members (d) 30 members (a) Muslims (b) Hindus
(c) Gujjars (d) Buddhists
65.
o m
When was Jammu and Kashmir Ladakh
Autonomous Hill Development Council Act, 1997
c
.
amended?
(a) 1998 (b) 2018
rs
(c) 2023 (d) 2022
SPECIAL SESSION OF PARLIAMENT

k e
r an
On August 31, Pralhad Joshi, the Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs, announced that a “special session” of
Parliament would be held from September 18 to 22. The Minister was quoted as stating that “important items” were on
the session’s agenda, which the government would circulate shortly.
o p
The announcement has led to speculation about the government’s legislative plans for the session. Usually, a few days
before a Parliament session, the government convenes an all-party meeting to share its agenda and build consensus on
possible issues for discussion.
When does Parliament meet?
T
India’s Parliament has no fixed calendar of sittings. In 1955, a Lok Sabha committee had proposed a timetable for
parliamentary sessions. It recommended that the Budget session of Parliament begin on February 1 and go on till May
7, and the Monsoon session start on July 15 and end on September 15. The committee suggested that the Winter session,
the last session of the year, commence on November 5 (or the fourth day after Diwali, whichever is later) and finish on
December 22. While the government agreed to this calendar, it was never implemented.
Who decides when Parliament meets?
The government determines the date and duration of parliamentary sessions. The Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary
Affairs takes this decision. It currently has ten Ministers, including those for Defence, Home, Finance, Agriculture,
Tribal Affairs, Parliamentary Affairs, and Information and Broadcasting. The Law Minister and the Minister of State for
External Affairs are special invitees to the Committee. The President is informed about the Committee’s decision, who
then summons Members of Parliament to meet for the session.
What does the Constitution say? 3Q1T9T

tr-5O7N0U7O
The Constitution specifies that six months should not elapse between two parliamentary sessions. This provision is a
1E9E The framers of the Constitution borrowed it from the Government of India Act of 1935. It allowed the
tr-colonial legacy.
5I7E0B7F3D
British Governor General to call a session of the central legislature at his discretion, requiring that the gap between two
sessions should not be more than 12 months. Dr B R Ambedkar stated that the purpose of summoning the central
assembly was only to collect taxes, and the once-a-year meeting was for the government to avoid scrutiny by the
legislature. The Constituent Assembly reduced the gap between sessions to six months.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
How did the Constituent Assembly reach this decision?
Some members of the Constituent Assembly wanted Parliament to meet throughout the year with breaks in between.
Others wanted Parliament to sit for longer durations, and cited the examples of the British and American legislatures
w 6390573333
25
meeting for more than 100 days a year. One member wanted the presiding officers of the two Houses to be empowered
to convene Parliament under certain circumstances. Dr Ambedkar did not accept these suggestions. He thought that
independent India’s government would hold regular parliamentary sessions.
How often do Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha meet?

Before independence, the central assembly met for a little more than 60 days a year. This number increased to 120 days
a year in the first 20 years after Independence. Since then, the sitting days of the national legislature have declined.
Between 2002 and 2021, Lok Sabha averaged 67 working days. The situation in state legislatures is much worse. In 2022,
28 state Assemblies met for 21 days on average. This year, Parliament has met for 42 days so far.
On multiple occasions, the conference of presiding officers has recommended that Parliament should meet for more
than 100 days. The National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution set up in 2000 made a similar
recommendation.
Individual MPs have introduced private member Bills that stipulated increased sitting days for Parliament. Former Rajya
Sabha MP Naresh Gujral, in his 2017 private member Bill, suggested that Parliament should meet for four sessions in a
year, including a special session of 15 days for debating matters of urgent public importance.
c o m
.
If the 1955 recommendations of the Lok Sabha committee were accepted, Parliament would be in session for eight
rs
months every year. The US Congress and parliaments of Canada, Germany, and the UK are in session throughout the
year, and their calendar of sitting days is fixed at the beginning of the year.
What is a special session of Parliament?
convened for specific occasions, like commemorating parliamentary or national milestones.
k e
The Constitution does not use the term “special session”. The term sometimes refers to sessions the government has
n
For the two Houses to be in session, the presiding officers should chair their proceedings. The presiding officers can
a
also direct that the proceedings of their respective Houses would be limited and procedural devices like question hour
would not be available to MPs during the session.
r
p
However, Article 352 (Proclamation of Emergency) of the Constitution does refer to a “special sitting of the House”.
Parliament added the part relating to the special sitting through the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978.
o
Its purpose was to add safeguards to the power of proclaiming Emergency in the country. It specifies that if a
T
Proclamation of Emergency is issued and Parliament is not in session, then one-tenth of Lok Sabha MPs can ask the
President to convene a special meeting to disapprove the Emergency.
According to the legislative research organisation PRS, the Bills listed in the Lok Sabha’s bulletin include the Advocates
(Amendment) Bill, the Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill and the Post Office Bill. The Rajya Sabha bulletin has
the Repealing and Amending Bill, 2023.
Sources- https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliament-special-session-explainer-rules-lok-sabha-rajya-
agenda-business/article67304796.ece
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/special-session-parliament-bill-explained-8945265/
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
66. What will be missing during the special session of 68. Which article of the Indian Constitution allows the
Parliament? President to summon a special session of
(a) Question Hour Parliament?
1T9T
0U7O3Q85(1)
(b) Zero Hour tr-(a) Article
5O7N (b) Article 352
(c) Private member business (c) Article 356(4) (d) Article 44
0B7F 1E9E
of3Dthe
tr-(d)
5I7EAll above
69. In which year was the special session of the Rajya
67. When was the first time a Bill was discussed during Sabha held for the extension of President's Rule in
a special session of the Indian Parliament? Tamil Nadu and Nagaland?
(a) 1977 (b) 1991 (a) 1977 (b) 1991
3Q1T9T
(c) 2008 (d) 2017 tr-5O7N0U7O (c) 2008 (d) 2017
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26
70. Which of the following statements about the Indian (c) The Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary
Parliament's sessions is true? Affairs determines the parliamentary session
(a) India's Parliament holds four sessions in a year. dates and duration.
(b) The Constitution specifies that a gap of up to 12 (d) Private member bills have recommended a
months can elapse between two parliamentary special session for debating urgent matters of
sessions. public importance.
DELHI HIGH COURT ORDERS ON SERVICE CHARGE

What is the Case About?
Background:
The order was passed on pleas filed by the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) and the FHRAI, challenging
m
the July, 2022, guidelines issued by the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) .
The CCPA guidelines stipulated that service charges should not be collected from consumers under any other name,
and they should be optional and voluntary.
Alternatively, they could request that the eatery remove the service charge from the bill.
.c o
rs
A complaint against unfair trade practices could also be lodged electronically with the Consumer Commission through
the eDaakhil portal for speedy redressal or otherwise.
e
The guidelines also prohibited the addition of service charges to the bill automatically, without informing consumers.
These guidelines were introduced in response to consumer grievances, as many restaurants and hotels were imposing
service charges without clearly stating that payment was voluntary.
an k
The guidelines were issued by the CCPA under Section 18(2)(1) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.
r
Note: Under Section 18(2)(1) of the Act, CCPA has issued guidelines to prevent unfair trade practices and protection of
consumer interest with regard to levy of service charge in hotels and restaurants
Court's Initial Stay:
o p
In July 2022, the Delhi High Court had stayed the CCPA guidelines, subject to the condition that associations ensure
Evolving Court Directions:

T
the clear display of service charge on menus or elsewhere, along with informing customers of their obligation to pay it.
This stay was initially extended.
In April, 2023, the court clarified that the interim order should not mislead consumers. The court also suggested
exploring alternative terminology for "service charge" to prevent confusion.
The court ordered petitioners to provide information on what percentage of their members mandatorily imposed service
charges and if there were objections to renaming it.
Court's Recent Decision:
The FHRAI indicated its willingness to rename "service charge" to "staff contribution." However, the NRAI opposed this
change, citing past decisions and the fact that a significant percentage of its members imposed service charges.
The court noted the lack of uniformity within the FHRAI's membership regarding the imposition of service charges.
Consequently, the court directed FHRAI members to adopt the term 'staff contribution' and cap it at X % of the total
bill amount.
Relationship with 2017 Guidelines: 3Q1T9T

tr-5O7N0U7O
The 2022 service charge guidelines were intended to complement, not replace, the 2017 guidelines issued by the Central
9E
tr-Government.
5I7E0B7F3D1E These 2017 guidelines had prohibited the levy of service charges by hotels and restaurants without the
express consent of customers, addressing concerns about unfair trade practices.
In conclusion, the Delhi High Court's recent decision to rename 'service charge' to 'staff contribution' with a X % cap
represents a significant development in the ongoing legal battle between industry associations and consumer protection
authorities.
This case highlights the importance 0U7O3Q1T9T and consumer choice in restaurant billing practices, aligning with
of7Ntransparency
tr-5O
India's consumer protection regulations.
Note:
The FHRAI, is the Apex Body of the four Regional Associations representing the Hospitality Industry.
w 6390573333
27
National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) is the voice of the Indian Restaurant Industry. Founded in 1982, NRAI
aspires to promote and strengthen the Indian Food Service Sector.
What is a Service Charge?
About:
Service charge is a fee that is sometimes added to a bill or invoice by businesses, particularly in the hospitality industry
such as restaurants, hotels, and banquet halls.
It is intended to cover the cost of the service provided by the staff, including waiters, servers, and other service
personnel.
It also may be called a customer service fee or maintenance fee.
Restaurants and hotels generally levy a service charge of X % on the food bill.
Issues:
Lack of Transparency: One of the primary issues with service charges is the lack of transparency. Customers are often
to confusion and dissatisfaction.

Mandatory Nature: In many cases, service charges are mandatory, meaning customers are required to pay them
c m
not informed about the inclusion of service charges until they receive the bill. This lack of upfront information can lead
o
.
regardless of the quality of service they receive. This mandatory aspect can be problematic, especially if the service falls
short of expectations.
rs
Quality of Service: Since service charges are guaranteed additional income for staff, there may be less incentive for
service personnel to provide exceptional service. This can lead to complacency and a decrease in the overall quality of
service.
k e
Compulsion: Customers may feel compelled or pressured to pay the service charge, even if they are dissatisfied with the
service. This compulsion can result in customer discomfort and dissatisfaction.
Sources-
an
https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/delhi-high-court-orders-on-service-
charge#:~:text=In%20July%202022%2C%20the%20Delhi,This%20stay%20was%20initially%20extended.
r
p
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
71.
(a) Kalikesh Narayan Singh Deo

(b) Rajesh Bhusan
(c) Santosh Kumar Yadav
(d) Rahul Singh
To
Who became the new president of the National
Restaurant Association of India (NRAI)?
74.
(a) Section 10
(c) Section 18
(b) Section 15
(d) Section 25
What action can consumers take if they find that a

hotel or restaurant is levying a service charge in
violation of the guidelines?
(a) Complain to the Central Consumer Protection
72. What organization issued guidelines regarding Authority (CCPA)
service charges that were challenged in the Delhi (b) Request the establishment to remove it from
High Court? the bill
(a) Federation of Hotel and Restaurant (c) File a complaint with the National Consumer
Associations of India (FHRAI) Helpline (NCH)
(b) National Restaurant Association of India (d) All of the above
(NRAI)
(c) Central Consumer Protection Authority 75. What percentage limit has been set for the "staff
(CCPA) contribution" in the court's directive, replaced by “X”
7N0U
5Othe
tr-in 7O3Q1T9T
(d) Ministry of Consumer Affairs passage?
(a) Not more than 5% of the total bill amount.
5I7E0B7F3D1E9E
73. tr-Under which section of the Consumer Protection (b) Not more than 15% of the total bill amount.
Act (CPA), 2019 does the Central Consumer (c) Not more than 10% of the total bill amount
Protection Authority (CCPA) have the authority to (excluding GST).
safeguard, promote, and defend consumers' rights (d) Not more than 20% of the total bill amount.
and prevent violations of their rights under the Act?
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT FOR RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN
INDIA
The story so far: Education is the most powerful tool for the socio-economic development of a nation, more so for
minorities. Highlighting the significance of education for religious minorities in India, Niti Aayog, the government’s top
think tank, released a policy document in 2017 calling for measures to improve the implementation of current
programmes. The Narendra Modi-led government at the Centre also announced its commitment to inclusive growth in
the nation.
However, the Centre has in the past few years discontinued two key educational schemes for religious minorities,
narrowed the scope of another and gradually cut down on the expenditure incurred on multiple programmes of the
Ministry of Minority Affairs.
The shift in policy came despite a significant drop in beneficiaries between 2019 and 2022, even as funds remained
underutilised, reveals the latest data tabled in Parliament. During the period, the government spending on six
c
educational schemes for religious minorities dropped by around 12.5%, while the number of beneficiaries declined by
o m
.
7%. This financial year, the Centre slashed the budgetary allocation for the Ministry of Minority Affairs by 38.3% from
rs
the previous year, with the budget estimate for 2023-24 seeing a drop from Rs 5,020.5 crore in 2022-23 to Rs 3,097 crore.
Notably, the 2022-23 estimates were revised to Rs 2,612.66 crore, indicating an under-utilisation of nearly 48% of funds.
What is the Status of Educational Empowerment Schemes for Religious Minorities in India?
k e
n
About:
Religious minorities in India, including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Zoroastrians, constitute a
a
substantial portion of the population, making up approximately 20%.
r
The Sachar Committee's report in 2006 highlighted these disparities, placing Muslims behind several other groups in
development indicators.
p
To address the disparities, the government established the Ministry of Minority Affairs in 2006, focusing on educational
o
empowerment, economic development, infrastructure improvement, and special needs of religious minorities.
T
Scholarships for minority students became a pivotal component of this initiative, aimed at providing financial assistance
and access to quality education.
Curent Status of Welfare Schemes for Educational Empowerment of Minorities:

Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme: Initially awarded to minority students from class 1 to 10. Later, discontinued for classes
1 to 8, only covering class 9 and 10 in its revised form.
While discontinuing the scholarship, the government said the Right to Education Act (RTE Act) covered compulsory
education up to class 8 for all students.
Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme: For students of class 11 and above (till Ph.D.). Funds increased from Rs 515 crore to Rs
1,065 crore in 2023-24.
Merit-cum-Means based Scholarship Scheme: Targeted professional and technical courses at undergraduate and
postgraduate levels. However, it faced a significant reduction in funds in 2023-24.
Maulana Azad National Fellowship (MANF): Provided financial assistance to research scholars pursuing M.Phil and
Ph.D. However, it was discontinued in 2022.
Padho Pardesh: Provided an interest subsidy on education loans for overseas 3Q1Tstudies.
9T However, it was discontinued
tr-5O7N0U7O
from 2022-23.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Begum Hazrat Mahal National Scholarship: Scholarship for meritorious girls for higher secondary education. However,
no funds have been allocated in 2023-24.
Naya Savera: Provided free coaching to minority students for competitive exams. However, it was discontinued in 2023-
24.
Nai Udaan: Supported minority students preparing
3Q1T9T for various examinations. However, no funds have been allocated in
tr-5O7N0U7O
2023-24.
Scheme for Providing Education to Madrasas and Minorities (SPEMM): Aimed at modernizing madrasa education.
Allocation reduced in 2023-24.
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29
Note: The budget allocation for the Ministry of Minority Affairs saw a drastic reduction, with a 38% decrease for the
fiscal year 2023-24 compared to the 2022-23. This cut in funding has had a direct impact on the implementation of
various programs, with underutilization of funds being a common trend.
What are the Constitutional Provisions Related to Religious Minorities?

Article 25: It guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion to all persons.
Article 26: It grants every religious denomination or section thereof the right to establish and maintain institutions for
religious and charitable purposes, and to manage its own affairs in matters of religion.
Article 29: It provides that any section of the citizens residing in any part of India having a distinct language, script or
culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same.
Article 30: Under the article, all minorities shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of
their choice.
Note: The term "minority" is not defined in the Indian Constitution. However, the Constitution recognizes only religious
and linguistic minorities.
Sources- https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/religious-minorities-muslims-india-education-scholarship-
explainer/article67226138.ece
c o m
.
https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/state-of-educational-empowerment-for-religious-
minorities-in-india
76. Which committee's report highlighted the socio-

economic and educational status of Muslims in India
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
k
78.
e rs
Which scheme offered free coaching to minority
students for entrance to technical and professional
in 2005?
(a) Sachar Committee
(b) Shah Commission
r an courses?
(a) Naya Savera
(b) Nai Udaan
p
(c) Mandal Commission (c) Scheme for Providing Education to Madarsas
(d) Ranganath Misra Commission and Minorities (SPEMM)
77.
M.Phil and Ph.D. degrees?

To
Which scholarship scheme aimed to provide
financial assistance to research scholars pursuing
(a) Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme

(b) Post-Matric Scholarship Scheme
79.
(d) Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)
Which religious minority constitutes the largest

percentage of the Indian population among those
mentioned?
(a) Christians (b) Sikhs
(c) Merit-cum-Means based Scholarship Scheme (c) Muslims (d) Buddhists
(d) Maulana Azad National Fellowship (MANF)
80. What is the current status of Begum Hazrat Mahal
National Scholarship?
(a) It has been discontinued.
(b) Its fund allocation has been reduced by 50%
(c) The scholarship has zero allocation this year.
(d) Its fund allocation has increased by 10%
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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30
INDIA & BHARAT (CONTROVERSY)
Why in News?
Recently, invitations for the upcoming G-20 Summit in New Delhi have introduced a noteworthy alteration. Instead of
the conventional "President of India," the invitations now bear the term "President of Bharat", renewing a broader
conversation regarding the nation's nomenclature and its historical connotations.
What are the Historical Perspectives on the Names "India" and "Bharat"?
Constitutionality:
Article 1 of the Indian Constitution already uses both "India" and "Bharat" interchangeably, stating, "India, that is Bharat,
shall be a Union of States."
The preamble of the Indian Constitution begins with "We the People of India," but the Hindi version uses "Bharat"
m
instead of India, indicating interchangeability.
Additionally, some government institutions, such as the Indian Railways, already have Hindi variants that include
"Bharatiya."
Origin of the Name Bharat:
.c o
rs
The term "Bharat" has deep historical and cultural roots. It can be traced back to Puranic literature and the epic
Mahabharata.
e
Vishnu Purana describes "Bharata" as the land between the southern sea and the northern snowy Himalayan mountain.
It signifies a religious and socio-cultural entity more than a mere political or geographical one.
symbolizing the progenitor of all subcontinent's people.

Origin of the Name India:
a k
Bharata is also the name of a legendary ancient king, considered the ancestor of the Rig Vedic tribes of Bharatas,
n
r
The name India is derived from the word Indus, which is the name of a river that flows through the northwestern part
of the subcontinent.
o p
The ancient Greeks called the people living beyond the Indus as Indoi, which means “the people of Indus”.
Later, the Persians and the Arabs also used the term Hind or Hindustan to refer to the land of Indus.
T
The Europeans adopted the name India from these sources, and it became the official name of the country after the
British colonial rule.
Constitutional Assembly Deliberation Regarding India and Bharat:

The debate surrounding the country's name is not new. When the Constituent Assembly was framing the Constitution
in 1949, there was a division of opinions regarding the name.
Some members felt that "India" was a reminder of colonial oppression and sought to prioritize "Bharat" in official
documents.
Seth Govind Das from Jabalpur advocated for placing "Bharat" above "India," emphasizing that the latter was merely a
translation of the former in English.
Hari Vishnu Kamath cited the example of the Irish Constitution, which changed the name of the country upon achieving
independence, as a precedent for using "Bharat."
Hargovind Pant argued that the people wanted "Bharatvarsha" and rejected the term "India" imposed by foreign rulers.
Recent Development:
In 2015, Centre opposed a name change, stating that the issuetr-had 1T9T
5O7Nbeen extensively
0U7O3Q deliberated upon during the
Constitution's drafting.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
The Supreme Court has twice rejected pleas to rename 'India' to 'Bharat', once in 2016 and then in 2020, reaffirming that
"Bharat" and "India" both find mention in the Constitution.
What is the Historical Significance of the Name “Hindustan”?
The term "Hindustan" has historical significance and was popular in Punjab. Sikh founder Guru Nanak Dev mentioned
"Hindustan" in Gurbani, and Guru Teg
tr-5O 7O3Q1T9T
Bahadur
7N0U is known as the protector of "Hind" and religion. Shah Muhammad
documented conflicts between the British and Sikhs as a war between "Hind" and Punjab. The Ghadar Party and
freedom struggle activists used "Hindustan" in their movements, making it relevant in Punjab's history.
w 6390573333
31
Legal Requirements of Changing Name of the Country
Interchanging of India to Bharat on official invitations is legally permissible but removing any term such as ‘India’ from
the Constitution would require a Constitutional amendment.
The name ‘India’ is mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution, which is considered a part of the Constitution itself.
The process of amending the Constitution is outlined in Article 368.
It involves passing a bill in both houses of Parliament with a special majority (two-thirds majority of the members
present and voting) and ratification by at least half of the state legislatures.
Changing the name of India to Bharat will impact upon the constitutional mandate of using English language in legal
proceedings and enactments.
Article 348(1) (a) of the Constitution of India provides that all proceedings in the SC and in every HC shall be in English
language until Parliament by law otherwise provides.
Also, sub-clause (b) of the Article states that the authoritative texts of all bills, acts, orders, rules, regulations and bye
laws issued under the Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State, shall be in the
English language.
The said amendment will result into amending the existing enactments whose extent of applicability is mentioned to
be within or beyond the territory of India.
Sources- https://www.drishtijudiciary.com/editorial/legal-perspectives-of-renaming-india-to-bharat
c o m
.
https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/india-that-is-bharat-the-ongoing-debate
rs
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
81. Which constitutional amendment in addressed

issues related to the use of Hindi and English in
official documents and legal proceedings?
83.
k e How many times has the Supreme Court rejected

pleas to rename 'India' to 'Bharat'?
(a) Once (b) Twice
(a) 42nd Amendment
(b) 58th Amendment
(c) 73rd Amendment
r an 84.
(c) Three times (d) Four times
In which year did the Uttar Pradesh Assembly pass a
p
(d) 86th Amendment resolution that the Constitution must be amended
to say “Bharat, that is India,” instead of “India, that
82.
(a) Zaire
(c) Ceylon
To
What was the old name of "Democratic Republic of
the Congo" in before it being changed in 1997?
(b) Zahira
(d) Siam
85.
is Bharat.”?
(a) 1998
(c) 2002
(b) 2000
(d) 2004
When was the name change of the state from Madras

state to Tamil Nadu?
(a) 1969 (b) 1973
(c) 1980 (d) 1990
INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN BORN OUT OF VOID

VOIDABLE OR INVALID MARRIAGES
The Supreme Court on September 1 held that a child born of a void or voidable 3Q1Tmarriage
9T can inherit the parent’s share
tr-5O7N0U7O
in a joint Hindu family property governed by the Mitakshara law.
A three-judge
1E9EBench headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud however clarified that such a child would not
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
be entitled to rights in or to the property of any other person in the family. A voidable marriage is one that is made
invalid by the husband or wife through a decree. A void marriage is invalid at the very inception. Mitakashara law of
succession governing Hindu Undivided Families applies to the whole of India except West Bengal and Assam. Chief
Justice Chandrachud said the first step to inheritance of a child from a void or voidable marriage would be to ascertain
the exact share of his parent in the ancestral property.
7N0U7O3Q1T
9T
tr-5O
This could be done by means of conducting a “notional partition” of the ancestral property and calculating how much
of the property the parent would have got immediately before his death.
w 6390573333
32
“For the purpose of ascertaining the interest of a deceased Hindu Mitakshara coparcener (a person who acquires a legal
right to his ancestral property through birth in a Hindu Undivided Family), the law mandates the assumption of a state
of affairs immediately prior to the death of the coparcener, namely, a partition of the coparcenary property between the
deceased and the other members of the coparcenary,” Chief Justice Chandrachud, who authored the judgment,
observed.
Once the share of the deceased parent in the property is ascertained through such a notional partition, his heirs,
including his children by means of void or voidable marriage, would be entitled to their portions in the share.
“When the share of the deceased in the property that would be allotted to him if a partition had taken place immediately
before his death is ascertained, his heirs, including children who have been conferred with legitimacy, will be entitled
to their shares in the property which would have been allotted to the deceased on the notional partition,” Chief Justice
Chandrachud held. Explaining the judgment, the Chief Justice told the lawyers present in the case that “you will have
to first ascertain the interest of the parent in the coparcenary property, and in that the children who are granted
legitimacy will have their shares”. The Chief Justice said that Section 16 of the Hindu Marriage Act has statutorily
conferred legitimacy to children born out of void or voidable marriages.
c o m
.
In fact, Chief Justice Chandrachud pointed out that Section 16(3) stipulates that children from void and voidable
marriages would have a right to their parents’ property. The court said the intent of granting legitimacy to such children
rs
in the Hindu Marriage Act should also be reflected in the Hindu Succession Act, which governs inheritance. Children
from void or voidable marriages come within the ambit of “legitimate kinship” and cannot be regarded as illegitimate
k e
by the Hindu Succession Act when it comes to inheritance. The court also noted that after the enactment of the Hindu
Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, the share of a deceased person in a joint Hindu family governed by Mitakashara
law can be devolved to his heirs by testamentary or intestate succession. Prior to the amendment, the devolution was
n
only through survivorship. Besides, the amendment gave equal rights of succession to women as well as men. The case
a
before the three-judge Bench was focussed on an amended provision in the Hindu Marriage Act, Section 16(3). The case
r
was referred to a larger Bench in 2011 after a Division Bench of the apex court refused to follow past precedents and
p
championed the cause of children born out of illegitimate marriages.
To
“The birth of a child in such a relationship has to be viewed independently of the relationship of the parents. A child
born in such a relationship is innocent and is entitled to all the rights which are given to other children born in valid
marriage. This is the crux of the amendment in Section 16(3),” the Division Bench of Justices (retired) GS Singhvi and
AK Ganguly had written in their 2011 judgment in the Revanasidappa versus Mallikarjun case. The Division Bench had
held that such children would have a right to any property that belonged to their parents, whether they were self-
acquired or ancestral. The Bench had however clarified that the children’s claims would be limited to the property of
their parents and no other relation. “With changing social norms of legitimacy in every society, including ours, what
was illegitimate in the past may be legitimate today. The concept of legitimacy stems from social consensus, in the
shaping of which various social groups play a vital role,” Justice Ganguly, who authored the 2011 judgment, had observed.
During the hearings on the reference, Chief Justice Chandrachud had agreed with the Division Bench’s findings that
children from void and voidable marriages had rights over the property, whether self-acquired or ancestral, of their
parents.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
86. What does Section 16(3) of the Hindu Marriage Act (a) Acquiring property through inheritance.
5O7N
tr-(b) 0U7O3Q1T9T
1955 specify regarding the property of children born Acquiring interest in ancestral property by
out of void/voidable marriages? birth.
0B7F3D
5I7EThey 1E9E
tr-(a) have full rights over ancestral property. (c) Acquiring property through marriage.
(b) They have rights only in self-acquired property. (d) Acquiring property through adoption.
(c) They have rights in the property of any person
other than the parents.
(d) They have no rights in any property. 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
88. Which school of Hindu law, primarily followed in
87. What fundamental concept is associated with being Bengal and Assam, places a strong emphasis on
a coparcener in Hindu law?
w 6390573333
33
property rights and deviates from the Mitakshara (d) None of the above
school?
(a) Mitakshara school 90. What does the Supreme Court ruling state regarding
(b) Smriti school the rights of children born out of void or voidable
(c) Dayabhaga school marriages in ancestral property?
(d) Yajnavalkya school (a) They can claim rights in the entire Hindu
Undivided Family (HUF) property.
89. Which of the following religions fall within the (b) They can claim rights in their parents' share of
ambit of the term ‘Hindu’ is in pursuance of the ancestral property.
definition of the term under Article 25(2)(b) of the (c) They cannot claim any rights in ancestral
Indian Constitution? property.
(a) Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain (d) They can claim rights in the property of anyone
(b) Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Parsis else in the HUF.
(c) Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Taoists
ONE NATION ONE ELECTION
c o m
rs .
The Central government set up a panel headed by former President Ram Nath Kovind to explore the feasibility of the
‘one nation, one election’ (ONOE) plan.
What is simultaneous election?
k e
Article 324 constitutes Election Commission which is responsible for conducting polls to the offices of the President
n
and Vice-President of India, Parliament, the state assemblies and the legislative councils. Simultaneous Elections refers
a
to structuring the Indian election cycle by synchronizing the elections to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. It means that
r
the voters will cast their vote for electing members of the Lok Sabha and the state assemblies on a single day, at the
same time or in a phased manner as the case may be. Current scenario- The elections to the state assemblies and the
o
What is the history behind simultaneous election?
p
Lok Sabha are held separately (whenever the incumbent government’s 5-year term ends or whenever it is dissolved).
Single party dominance- Lok Sabha and State Legislatures went to polls together in 1952 and 1957.
T
Article 356- In 1959, the synchronised cycle was first broken in Kerala when the Centre invoked Article 356 of the
Constitution to dismiss the Kerala Government. This was followed by state elections in 1960.
Emergence of regional parties- Defections and counter-defections ultimately led to the dissolution of Assemblies, which
separated the poll cycles of many states from the central one.
Revert to simultaneous election-The idea of reverting to simultaneous polls was mooted by

 Election Commission annual report in 1983
 Parliamentary Standing committee report 2015- ‘Feasibility of Holding Simultaneous Elections to House of People
(Lok Sabha) and State Legislative Assemblies’.
 Law Commission report in 1999 and 2018
 NITI Aayog working paper in 2017
Completion of tenures- It is mainly because of the anti-defection law of 1985 and Supreme Court judgments on
invoking Article 356. The Supreme Court had held that the President can put a State Assembly in suspended animation,
3Q1T9T of the proclamation of President’s
7Ovalidity
tr-5O7N0U
but cannot dissolve it without the concurrence of Parliament. Further, the
rule may be examined by the judiciary.
5I7E0B7F3D 1E9E
tr-Sources- https://www.iasparliament.com/current-affairs/simultaneous-election-one-nation-one-election
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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34
91. When were the first General Elections to the Lok (c) BP Jeevan Reddy (d) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies held
simultaneously? 94. Who headed the Law Commission and reported that
(a) 1951-52 (b) 1967 simultaneous elections are not feasible within the
(c) 1970 (d) 1983 existing framework of the Constitution?
(a) Justice H.R. Khanna
92. When did the practice of simultaneous elections in (b) Justice B. S. Chauhan
India last occur before it was disrupted? (c) Justice Ranjan Gogoi
(a) 1967 (b) 1970 (d) Justice Dipak Misra
(c) 1962 (d) 1957
95. What article was invoked to dismiss the Kerala
93. Who headed the Law Commission which advocated government in 1959, leading to the disruption of
the idea of conducting simultaneous elections in simultaneous elections?
India in 1999?
(a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Article 356
(c) Article 365
c o m (b) Article 370

(d) Article 370A
BNSS BILL 2023: CHANGES TO MERCY PETITION IN DEATH
rs .
SENTENCE CASES
k e
n
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, the proposed replacement for the Criminal Procedure Code
a
(CrPC), contains a new provision on mercy petitions in death sentence cases, which makes changes to the
r
fundamental nature of the provision, including core aspects of its justiciability, the time-limit within which such pleas
must be decided, and the 14-day gap between the rejection of a mercy plea by the President and its date of execution,
o p
as mandated by the Supreme Court in Shatrughan Chauhan vs Union of India (2014).
Some of these changes to mercy petitions mark a shift from the guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court in its
previous rulings. We explain.
What are mercy petitions?
T
Under Article 72 of the Constitution, “the President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or
remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence where
the sentence is a sentence of death”. Similarly, Article 161 confers pardoning powers on the governor, but these do not
extend to death sentences.
In its 1981 ruling in Maru Ram vs. Union of India, the SC held that while deciding mercy petitions under Article 72, the
President must act on the advice of the council of ministers.
Under the existing law, the President is bound by the Cabinet’s advice and can only return the plea for reconsideration
once under Article 74 (1). After this, if the Council of Ministers decides against the changes suggested by the President,
she has no option but to accept them.
What is the new provision under the BNSS?

The provision in the proposed BNSS, however, does not include any such requirement for the President to act in tandem
with the advice given by the council of ministers in death sentence cases. 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Section 473(1) of the BNSS allows a convict “under the sentence of death” or his legal heir or any relative to file a mercy
petition before
1E9E the President of India under Article 72 or before the Governor of the State under Article 161 of the
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Constitution within 30 days after the date on which the Jail Superintendent (i) “informs him about the dismissal of the
appeal or special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court” or (ii) “informs him about the date of confirmation of the
sentence of death by the High Court and the time allowed to file an appeal or special leave in the Supreme Court has
expired.”
Following this, the mercy petitiontr-may
5O7Nbe 7O3Q1T9T to the Centre or the state government’s Home Department, as the
0Upresented
case may be.
While the mercy petitions under subsection (i) may initially be made to the Governor, his rejection or disposal of the
petition will result in it being forwarded to the President within 60 days from such rejection or disposal of the plea.
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35
In cases where there are multiple convicts, the jail superintendent or the officer-in-charge shall ensure that every convict
makes a mercy petition within 60 days. If the Superintendent doesn’t receive the mercy petitions from all other convicts
in the case, he shall himself “send the names, addresses, copy of the record of the case and all other details of the case
to the Central Government or State Government for consideration along with the said mercy petition”.
On receiving the mercy petitions, the Centre will seek the state government’s comments, consider the petition along
with the case records, and then “make recommendations to the President in this behalf, as expeditiously as possible”,
within 60 days from the date on which it received the comments of the state government and records from the jail
superintendent. While this 60-day time limit has been given to the Centre, no time limit has been prescribed for the
President to dispose of the mercy petitions.
After this, the President may decide and dispose of the plea. However, in the case of multiple convicts in a case, the
petitions “shall be decided by the President together in the interests of justice.” Once the President’s decision on the
status of the plea is received by the Centre, it shall within 48 hours, communicate the same to the state government’s
Home Department and the Superintendent of the Jail or its officer in charge.
m
Notably, Section 473(7) states that “No appeal shall lie in any Court against the order of the President made under article
o
72 of the Constitution and it shall be final, and any question as to the arriving of the decision by the President shall not
be enquired into in any Court.”
c
.
In a nutshell, this provision aims to do away with appeals against the President’s decision on mercy petitions, thereby
making it final. It also means that the courts will no longer be able to go into the grounds on which the President
rs
pardons or commutes death sentences.
96. Which constitutional provisions empower the

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
k e (b) Ensure all convicts file a mercy petition within

President to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or
remissions of punishment?
(a) Article 72 (b) Article 161
r an 30 days
(c) Ensure all convicts file a mercy petition within
60 days
p
(c) Article 74 (d) Article 166 (d) Forward the case records to the Supreme Court
97.
under the BNSS?
To
What prompts a convict to file a mercy petition
(a) Notification of their appeal dismissal by the

Supreme Court
(b) Confirmation of the death sentence by the
High Court
99. What does Section 473 of the BNSS Bill propose
regarding appeals against the President's orders
under Article 72 of the Constitution?
(a) It allows multiple appeals in different courts.
(b) It bars all appeals in any court.
(c) It limits appeals to only the Supreme Court.
(c) Expiration of the time to appeal (d) It requires a two-thirds majority in Parliament
(d) All of the above for appeals.
98. In cases involving multiple convicts, what is the 100. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) officially drafted for
responsibility of the superintendent in the BNSS India in under which colonial act?
mercy petition process? (a) Charter Act of 1833
(a) Ensure all convicts file a mercy petition within (b) Regulating Act of 1773
90 days (c) Charter Act of 1813
(d) Government of India Act 1858
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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36
SECULARISM IN FRANCE (RECENT BAN ON WEARING ISLAMIC
ROBE)
The French government’s decision to ban children from wearing abayas, the full-length robes worn by some Muslim
women, in state-run schools has garnered both support and criticism. The ban is part of France’s strict secularism policy,
“laicite,” which has been a sensitive and politically tense topic in the country.
While the move was welcomed by the right-wing Les Republicains party and the SNPDEN-UNSA union of school
principals, it was criticized by left-wing politicians and academics who argued that it could lead to the stigmatization
of Muslims and profiling of students based on their identity. Some argued that the abaya is worn for fashion or identity
reasons rather than religious ones, and the ban could hurt Muslims who will feel stigmatized. The ban follows previous
restrictions on religious attire in France, including the banning of headscarves in schools in 2004 and full-face veils in
public in 2010.
What is Laïcité?
c o m
.
 About:
rs
o Laïcité is a complex and politically charged term in France. It signifies a formal separation of the State and
Church, emphasising the complete removal of religious values from the public sphere, replaced by secular values
such as liberty, equality, and fraternity.
 Changing Demographics and Tensions:
k e
 Laïcité finds its origins in the struggle of anti-clerical Republicans against the power of the Catholic Church.
n
o For the majority of the 20th century, laïcité was generally not considered a significant issue in France due to
the country's relative homogeneity.
a
o However, during the 1950s and 1960s, significant decolonization efforts in North Africa resulted in a substantial
r
migration of people from predominantly Muslim nations like Tunisia, Morocco, and Algeria to France.
p
 This demographic shift triggered occasional tensions and challenges related to laïcité.
 Related Controversial Legislation and Interpretations
o
o In 2004, France enacted a law prohibiting the wearing of "ostentatious" religious symbols in public spaces,
T
including Catholic dresses, Jewish kippahs, and Muslim headscarves.
In 2011, face-covering veils were banned in public places. Each such decision stirred new interpretations of Laïcité.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
101. Who was the first French woman to serve as Minister (d) To impose religious education in public schools
of Education?
(a) Najat Vallaud-Belkacem 104. Who is the Minister of Higher Education and
(b) Rachida Dati Research of France?
(c) Fleur Pellerin (a) Yves Attal
(d) Aurélie Filippetti (b) Stéphane Séjourné
(c) Gérald Moussa Darmanin
102. When did the concept of Laïcité begin to take (d) Gabriel Attal
concrete shape in France?
(a) During the French Revolution of 1789 105. Which of 3Q
the1Tfollowing
9T statements is/are true about
tr-5O7N0U7O
(b) In the 19th century the Indian Model of Secularism?
(c) With the establishment of the Third Republic
1E9E (1) The term ‘Secular’ was added to the preamble
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
(d) After the passage of The Law of 1905 by the forty-second constitution Amendment
Act of 1976, (India is a sovereign, socialist,
103. What is the primary goal of Laïcité in the context of secular, democratic, republic).
the French state? (2) Article 25 provides ‘Freedom of Conscience’,
(a) To establish a state religion tr-5O7N0U7O3Q1T9T that is, all persons are equally entitled to
(b) To promote religious values in the public freedom of conscience and the right to freely
sphere profess, practise and propagate religion.
(c) To separate the State and Church and promote (3) Article 51A obliges all the citizens to promote
secular values harmony and the spirit of common
w 6390573333
37
brotherhood and to value and preserve the rich (a) Only 1 (a) 2 and 3
heritage of our composite culture, and it is (c) 1 and 2 (d) None of the Above
enforceable in the court of law.
69TH NATIONAL FILM AWARDS CEREMONY

Why in news
The winners of the 69th National Film Awards were announced at the National Media Center in New Delhi. The 69th
National Film Awards took center stage, unveiling a constellation of talented winners.
National Film Awards

The National Film Awards, held annually, stand as a beacon of honor in the stream of Indian cinema. The National Film
m
Awards are organized by the Directorate of Film Festivals, under the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
They celebrate films that exhibit not only aesthetic and technical excellence but also social relevance, signifying the
power of cinema as a medium of both art and impact.
Aim of National Film Awards
.c o
rs
The Awards aim at encouraging the production of films of aesthetic & technical excellence and social relevance
contributing to the understanding and appreciation of cultures of different regions of the country in cinematic form,
e
thereby also promoting unity and integrity of the nation. The winners of the awards are decided by the Jury comprising
persons distinguished in the field of cinema, other allied arts and humanities.
History of National Film Awards
an k
Since the first awards given for the films, the National Film Awards have come a long way. Over the years the number
r
of the awards has increased. Initially called ‘State Awards’, with two President’s Gold Medals, two certificates of merit
and silver medals for a dozen regional films, for the first six years, it was the practice to give the Regional Best Award to
o
National Film Awards Winners 2023
p
the National Best Film itself. Over the years the number of awards increased.
T
In a glittering ceremony, the winners of the 69th National Film Awards were revealed. The Allu Arjun was awarded for
the Best Actor for the film Pushpa while the Best Actress Award was presented to Alia Bhatt and Kriti Sanon for their
films Gangubai Kathiawadia and Mimi respectively. The Best Feature Film Award was presented to The Nambi Effect.
The Kashmir Files won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Film on National Integration.
68th National Film Awards

Tamil film Soorarai Pottru won in five categories – Best Feature Film, Best Actor for Suriya, Best Actress for Aparna
Balamurali, Best Music Direction (Score) for G V Prakash Kumar, and Best Original Screenplay for Sudha Kongara, who
also directed the film. Suriya shared his Best Actor win with Ajay Devgn, who won the awards for Tanhaji. Asha Parekh
was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2022.
Categories of National Film Awards

The awards are given in three sections: Features, Non-Features and Best Writing on Cinema. While selection for the
winners in Features and Non-Features is recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements in various categories, the
‘Best Writing on Cinema’ section focuses on encouraging the study and 3Q1T9T
appreciation
0U7O of cinema as an art form and
tr-5O7N
dissemination of information and critical appreciation of the art form through the publication of various books, articles,
1E9E
tr-reviews, newspaper
5I7E0B7F3D coverage and studies.
Conclusion
The National Film Awards hold a rich history as a prestigious recognition in Indian cinema. The awards ceremony not
only honors outstanding films but also pays tribute to industry legends.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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106. When was the first National Film Awards given for (d) Uttam Kumar
the films?
(a) 1947 (b) 1950 109. Who is the current Chairman of Central Board of
(c) 1930 (d) 1953 Film Certification?
(a) Prahlad Joshi
107. Who was the first to win Best Actress Award? (b) Prasoon Joshi
(a) Sargun Mehta (c) Rajendra Yadav
(b) Hema Malini (d) Dilip Joshi
(c) Nargis
(d) Jaya Bachhan 110. Who got 53rd Dadasaheb Phalke Award?
(a) Shashi Kapoor
108. Who was the first actor to win Best Actor Award? (b) Waheeda Rehman
(a) Dharmendra (c) Rajinikanth
(b) Rajendra Kumar (d) Gulzar
(c) Waheeda Rehman
c o m
Why in news:
CLIMATE AMBITION SUMMIT
rs .
e
UN Secretary-General announced that he will convene a Climate Ambition Summit in September 2023. He urged leaders
from governments, business, cities and regions, civil society, and finance to come with new, tangible, and credible
climate action to accelerate the pace of change.
Climate Ambition Summit
an k
r
By demonstrating that tangible and ambitious action to credibly cut emissions and deliver climate justice was possible
and practical, the Summit showcased a way forward: the alignment of sectoral, local, national and international plans
o p
and policies with credible and scienced-backed targets to accelerate decarbonization, advance climate justice and
fairness, with unprecedented levels of coordination and cooperation, and a renewed focus on credibility and
accountability.
T
Aim of the Climate Ambition Summit
Climate Ambition Summit aimed to showcase “first mover and doer” leaders from government, business, finance, local
authorities, and civil society who came with credible actions, policies and plans – and not just pledges – to accelerate
the decarbonization of the global economy and deliver climate justice in line with his Acceleration Agenda.
Three track of the summit

The design and outcomes of the Summit will be delivered on three distinct but interrelated acceleration tracks –
ambition, credibility and implementation.
Ambition
Government leaders will be expected to present updated pre-2030 Nationally Determined Contributions (as agreed in
Glasgow); updated net-zero targets; energy transition plans with commitments to no new coal, oil and gas; fossil fuel
phase-out plans; more ambitious renewable-energy targets; Green Climate Fund pledges; and economy-wide plans on
adaptation and resilience. Finally, all main emitters and notably all7NG20 3Q1T9T
0U7Ogovernments will be asked to commit to
tr-5O
presenting, by 2025, more ambitious economy-wide Nationally Determined Contributions featuring absolute emissions
1E9E
tr-cuts and
5I7E0B covering
7F3D all gases.
Credibility
Leaders of businesses, cities, regions and financial institutions will be expected to present transition plans aligned with
the UN-backed credibility standard presented in the “Integrity Matters” report commissioned by the UN Secretary-
General. This standard for voluntary 7N0U7O3Q
net-zero 1T9T
pledges is the only existing one fully aligned with limiting global warming
tr-5O
to 1.5°C degrees. It calls for 2025 and 2030 targets, coverage of scope 3 emissions, just transition plans to stop and phase
out fossil fuels, actual emissions cuts without using offsets, and a commitment to publicly advocate for science-based
climate action.
39
Implementation
Leaders of governments, international and regional organizations and financial institutions, the private sector and civil
society will present existing or emerging implementation partnerships addressing challenges and opportunities related
to accelerating the decarbonization of high-emitting sectors (energy, shipping, aviation, steel, cement) or on delivering
climate justice (reform of the international financial system, early warning systems, adaptation, loss and damage).
Conclusion
The Summit showcased a way forward: the alignment of sectoral, local national and international plans policies with
credible and scienced-backed targets to accelerate decarbonization, more climate justice and fairness, unprecedented
levels of coordination and cooperation, a renewed focus on credibility and accountability.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
111. The Secretary- General called the Climate Ambition

Summit as-
(a) “Summit of Happiness”
113.
(a) New Delhi
(c) Dubai
c m
Which country hosted COP28?
o
(b) New York
(d) Moscow
.
(b) “Development Summit”
(c) “Summit of Hope” 114. “Integrity Matters” is a report published by-
rs
(d) “Summit of Expectations” (a) United Nation Higher Integrity Group
(b) United Nations’ High-Level Expert Group on
112. Who is the UN Secretary-General?
(a) Ban Ki-moon
(b) Kofi Annan
k e the Net Zero Emissions Commitments of Non-

State Entities
(c) World Bank
(c) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(d) António Guterres
r an 115.
(d) International Monetary Funds
United Nations Climate Ambition Summit (CAS)
p
was held in which country?
(a) Germany (b) France
To STATUE OF ONENESS
(c) India (d) New York
Why in news?
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan unveiled the 108-foot-tall ‘Statue of Oneness’ of Adi
Shankaracharya. This 108-ft tall statue is situated on the Mandhata mountain in Omkareshwar.
Statue of Oneness
This extraordinary structure, conceptualized to honour the life and philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya, is a tribute to
the great saint's masterpiece of commentary on 'Bharmasutrabhasya' (comment on Brahma Sutra), a fundamental text
of the Vedanta school of Hinduism and the concept of Oneness that he preached.
Mandhata
In Buddhist literature, Mandhata is a great king. He was so majestic 1T9T kings in the neighbourhood would
tr-5O7Nthat other
0U7O3Q
approach him and ask him voluntarily to become the ruler of their lands. Thus, he became the ruler of a vast empire.
1E9E kings approached him and handed over their kingdom. Eventually, he became lord of all lands in the
tr-More
5I7E0Band
7F3Dmore
four directions. Mandhata, also called Omkareshwar or Shivapuri and ancient Mahishmati, capital of Avanti
Mahajanpada is a riverine island in the Narmada river. Omkareshwar, located on the picturesque banks of the Narmada
River, is around 80 km away from the city of Indore.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Adi Shankaracharya
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Adi Shankaracharya, who was born in what is now Kerala, is said to have arrived at Omkareshwar as a young monk,
where he encountered his guru Govind Bhagwadpad, resided in the sacred city for four years, and received his education.
In accordance with his spiritual convictions, he departed Omkareshwar at the age of 12 and embarked on a journey
across the nation, disseminating the teachings of Advaita Vedanta philosophy and elucidating its principles to the
people.
Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta refers to the non-dualistic school of Hindu philosophy, which is derived mostly from the Upanishads
and elaborated in detail by eminent scholars like Gaudapada and Sri Adishankaracharya. Dvaita means duality, and
Advaita means nonduality. In simple terms, Advaita means absence of the duality between subject and object. In our
wakeful consciousness we experience duality, but in deep sleep only nonduality. Advaita school believes that Brahman
is the one and only reality and everything else is a mere appearance, projection, formation or illusion.
Other major statute

Statue of oneness marks the third major statue built in India by the government. Previously, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi inaugurated the Statue of Equality on the outskirts of Hyderabad to commemorate the 11th-century Bhakti saint
Sri Ramanujacharya on his 1,000th birth anniversary. In 2018, PM Modi inaugurated the Statue of Unity in Gujarat's
c o m
.
Kevadia.
rs
Conclusion
This cultural project will fulfil the much-treasured vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi -- 'Vasudaiva Kutumbakam
spiritual hub of all religions.
k e
(The world is one family). With this 108 feet tall statue, Madhya Pradesh will consolidate its position as a cultural and
116. Who was the Guru of Adi Shankaracharya?
r an PRACTICE QUESTIONS
118. The name ‘Omkareshwar’ is derived from the
p
(a) Mohan Bhatt (a) Sign of Happiness
(b) KIshan Bhatnagar (b) Shape of the island
117.
(c) Govinda Bhagavatpada
(d) Govind Arya
Statue of Unity commemorates-

(a) Shahid Bhagat Singh
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
To 119.
(c) Famous Temple
(d) Jyotirling Temple
How many Jyotirlingas are there in India?

(a) 10
(c) 36
(b) 24
(d) 12
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad 120. Who is the current Governor of MP?
(a) Lalji Tandon
(b) Mangubhai C. Patel
(c) Balram Jakhar
(d) M.A. Khan
ALL ABOUT KHALISTAN MOVEMENT

3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Why in news
1E9E
tr-Khalistan
5I7E0B7F3DMovement has become a contentious issue amid the rising tensions between Canada and India. A row
between India and Canada surrounding Sikh independence, commonly referred to as the Khalistan movement,
continues to cause tensions.
Khalistan movement
Khalistan is the name of the proposed state 3Q1T9T
0U7Oenvisioned by some Sikhs, incorporating the Indian state of Punjab as well
tr-5O7N
as other Punjabi-speaking areas of northern India to establish a Sikh nation. The ethno-religious liberation movement
gained traction in the 1970s and early 80s in India. It later died down but has developed momentum among the Sikh
diaspora in recent years.
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41
Khalistan
There is division among supporters of Khalistan on the boundaries of a sovereign Sikh state, but most agree that it
would encompass the state of Punjab in India. The historical Punjab region is located in the northern part of the Indian
subcontinent and includes modern-day eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. In India, it includes cities like
Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh and Jalandhar; and Lahore, Faisalabad, Nankana Sahib, Rawalpindi and Multan in
Pakistan.
Sikhs in India
According to the 2011 Indian census, the last when it was held, there are about 20.8 million Sikhs, making up 1.7 percent
of the country’s population. The majority of Sikhs, about 16 million at the time of the census, live in the northern state
of Punjab where they make up about 58 percent of the state’s population.
Sikh diaspora
There are an estimated 26 million Sikhs around the world, according to the London School of Economics (LSE). Canada
o
has the largest Sikh community outside India, with about 770,000 people having reported their religion as Sikh in the
m
2021 census. According to the 2021 census in Egland and Wales, about 524,000 Sikhs are living in both countries. About
c
.
210,000 live in Australia, according to its 2021 census. While the US census does not record religion, it is estimated that
there are anywhere between 200,000 to 500,000 Sikhs in the country.
Hardeep Singh Nijjar
e rs
On June 18, Hardeep Singh Nijjar, 45, was shot dead outside a Sikh gurdwara in Surrey, a Vancouver suburb with a large
k
Sikh population, three years after India had designated him a “terrorist”. Nijjar supported the demand for a Sikh
homeland and was reportedly organising an unofficial referendum in India for an independent Sikh nation at the time
n
of his death. Nijjar was born in 1977 in Punjab’s Jalandhar district and he moved to Canada in 1997. He was initially
a
associated with the Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) Sikh separatist group, according to India’s counterterrorism
National Investigation Agency.
r
Conclusion
o p
The Khalistan movement has a long history, and during the 1980s, there was a violent military movement on Indian
T
soil. But ever since – at least in India, in the state of Punjab, where the Sikhs are the majority – the Khalistan movement
has been virtually non-existent, enjoys no political support and goes up and down depending on the attention the Indian
government pays to it.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
121. Who was the first guru of sikhs? 123. Who was the founder of Khalistan Liberation Force?
(a) Guru Teg Bahadur (a) Prakash Singh Badal
(b) Guru RamDas (b) Aroor Singh
(c) Guru Arjun (c) Vajiram Singh
(d) Guru Nanak (d) Manmeet Singh Rathore
122. Which operation was conducted to remove Sikh 124. Which resolution demanded autonomy for the state
separatists from the buildings of the Golden of Punjab?
Temple? (a) Golden 1TTemple Resolution
5O7N
tr-(b) 0U7O3Q 9T
(a) Khalistan Movement Warrior Resolution
(b) Operation Nanak Dev ji (c) Democratic Resolution
tr-(c) 0B7F3D1E9E Blue Star
5I7EOperation (d) Anandpur Sahib Resolution
(d) Separate and Rule
125. Who is the current CM of Punjab?
(a) Prakash Singh Badal
3Q 1T9T (b) Adityanath Yogi
tr-5O7N0U7O (c) Arun Vajpayee
(d) Bhagwat Mann
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FIVE EYES ALLIANCE AND CANADA- INDIA RELATIONS
Why in news
The recent allegations by Canadian Prime Minister linking the killing of Khalistani leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar on
Canadian soil to the Indian government has put the spotlight on the intelligence-sharing alliance ‘Five Eyes’ (or FVEY),
which is believed to have provided the information that “helped” Canada.
Five eyes alliance

The Five Eyes alliance is an intelligence-sharing network comprising five prominent nations: the United States, the
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. While these five countries are the core members, the alliance
also collaborates with third-party partners who share information but do not hold formal partner status.
Formation of Five Eyes alliance
m
The alliance between the U.S. and the U.K. evolved around the Second World War to counter the Cold War Soviet
threat. The two countries forged a collaboration to share intelligence related to signals. In the aftermath of the war in
British-U.S. Communication Intelligence Agreement. Canada joined in 1948, while Australia and New Zealand became
. o
1946, the alliance was formalised through an agreement for cooperation in signals intelligence. The treaty called the
c
part of the alliance in 1956. No government officially acknowledged the arrangement by name until 1999 and the text of
rs
the agreement was first officially released in public after over 60 years in 2010.
e
Working of Five Eyes Network
The five partner countries share a broad range of information and access to their respective intelligence agencies.
k
Initially, the partners are assigned respective SIGINT mandates. The goalpost of the Five Eyes, however, has shifted
n
following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of new global challenges like terrorism and the growing
a
influence of China. And so, the ambit has widened over to other areas of policy and operations to become a
r
comprehensive, all-source intelligence sharing network. The Five Eyes have become involved in ocean and maritime
surveillance, scientific and defence intelligence analysis, medical intelligence, geospatial intelligence,
database.
o p
counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and the continuous sharing of intelligence products via a secret collective
T
Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council
To increase cooperation and maintain closeness, the Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council (FIORC) was
created in September 2016 as the “non-political intelligence oversight, review, and security entities” of the member
countries to exchange views on subjects of mutual interest, compare best practices, explore areas of cooperation, and
maintain contact with non-Five Eyes countries, among other aims.
Five Eyes and Nijjar case

In response to Canada's recent accusations against India in the Nijjar case, the Five Eyes alliance members have issued
statements reflecting different positions, according to reports. The White House National Security Council emphasized
the importance of Canada's investigation and the pursuit of justice. British Foreign Secretary James Cleverly expressed
support for a Canadian inquiry. Meanwhile, Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong conveyed concern over the
allegations and stressed the importance of respecting the sovereignty of all nations while awaiting the results of ongoing
investigations.
Conclusion 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Canada’s remarks have found traction with the Five Eyes Intelligence alliance, although they reportedly rejected
1E9E to jointly denounce the murder of Nijjar.
tr-Canada's request
5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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43
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
126. Who is the current Prime Minister of Canada? 128. British-U.S. Communication Intelligence
(a) Justin Beiber Agreement, or BRUSA is now known as
(b) Jinping (a) UKUSA Agreement
(c) John Turner (b) Yuyutsu Agreement
(d) Justin Trudeau (c) Democracy Agreement
(d) USADF Agreement
127. In Canada, four key agencies are involved with the
Five Eyes, Which of the following is not the key 129. Who won the second world war?
agencies involved with the Five Eyes (a) Britain (b) Russia
(a) Communications Security Establishment (CSE) (c) USA (d) All of the above
(b) The RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)
(c) Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
(d) Army and Police Intelligence
130.
II?
(a) UN
c m
Which organisation was formed after the world war
o (b) IMF
.
(c) WHO (d) League of Nations
NORMAN BORLAUG AWARD 2023 AND ALL ABOUT DIFFERENT

REVOLUTIONS
k e rs
Why in News
an
Indian agriculture scientist Dr. Swati Nayak, affectionately known as "Bihana Didi" or "Seed Lady" by local communities
r
in Odisha, has been honored with the Norman E. Borlaug Award for 2023.
Dr. Norman E Borlaug Award
o p
The Borlaug Award holds a special place in recognizing young scientists’ contributions to agriculture, food security, and
T
the eradication of hunger. It is named in honor of Dr. Norman Borlaug, a Nobel laureate celebrated as the chief architect
of the Green Revolution. Dr. Borlaug’s pioneering work in agricultural research and development transformed food
production worldwide, significantly contributing to the alleviation of global hunger.
World Food Prize

The World Food Prize is awarded for a specific, exceptionally significant, individual achievement that advances human
development with a demonstrable increase in the quantity, quality, availability of, or access to food through creative
interventions at any point within the full scope of the food system.
Green Revolution
The Green Revolution, also known as the Third Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology transfer initiatives
that saw greatly increased crop yields and agricultural production. These changes in agriculture began in developed
countries in the early 20th Century and spread globally till the late 1980s.
Yellow Revolution 3Q1T9T

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The goal of the Yellow Revolution was to expand domestic production of edible oilseeds to meet demand. The Yellow
Revolution1Ewas
9E a movement started in 1986–1987 to boost the production of edible oil, particularly from mustard and
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sesame seeds, to achieve self-reliance.
Blue Revolution
Blue Revolution, the Neel Kranti Mission has the vision to achieve economic prosperity of the country and the fishers
and fish farmers as well as contribute7N
towards food
3Q1T 9T and nutritional security through full potential utilization of water
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resources for fisheries development in a sustainable manner, keeping in view the bio-security and environmental
concerns.
Golden revolution
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The Golden revolution is related to the production of honey and horticulture. Nirpakh Tutej is known as the Father of
the Golden Revolution in India. The period between 1991 to 2003 is considered the Golden Revolution period. The Indian
Government also launched the National Horticulture Mission in 2005-2006 with an aim to increase production in the
horticulture sector.
White Revolution
Operation Flood, launched on 13 January 1970, was the world's largest dairy development program and a landmark
project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into
the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States of America in 1998 with about 22.29 percent of global
output in 2018. Within 30 years, it doubled the milk available per person in India and made dairy farming India's largest
self-sustainable rural employment generator.
Conclusion
The term “agricultural revolution” refers to major agricultural changes brought about by innovations, discoveries, or
new technology—agricultural revolutions in India altered industrial methods and enhanced output rates. Several
o
agricultural revolutions in India signalled the start of an entirely new age in agriculture. Indian agriculture grew
enormously as a result of the agricultural revolutions in India, which opened up new prospects.
c m
131. Who is regarded as the father of the Yellow
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
133.
rs .
World Food Prize President
Revolution
(a) Son Peterson
(b) Sandy Stephen
k e (a) Terry Branstad

(b) Gebisa Ejeta
(c) George Washington
(c) Peter Bugg
(d) Sam Pitroda
r an 134.
(d) Trudo salinki
Who is the Father of Green Revolution in India?
p
132. Dr. Norman E Borlaug Award 2022 recipient is (a) Dr. Madur Dhwani
(a) Sunil Gavaskar (b) Kenya Bhanushali
(b) Bhajanlal Bishnoi
(c) Niket Mangalam
(d) Mahalingam Govindaraj
To 135.
(c) Dr. M S Swaminathan
(d) KS Swaraj
Pink revolution is related to

(a) Gardens
(b) Poultry and Meat
(c) Wheat production
(d) Jaipur Development
OSIRIS REX OF NASA AND OTHER SPACE NEWS OF SEPTEMBER

Why in news
Various countries has sent various space mission in September to order to study various celestial objects.
OSIRIS Rex 3Q1T9T

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OSIRIS-REx is the first U.S. mission to collect a sample from an asteroid. It returned to Earth on Sept. 24, 2023, to drop
9E
tr-off material
5I7E 0B7F3D1Efrom asteroid Bennu. The spacecraft didn't land, but continued on to a new mission to explore asteroid
Apophis. Meanwhile, scientists hope the pristine samples it dropped into the Utah desert offer clues to whether
asteroids colliding with Earth billions of years ago brought water and other key ingredients for life.
Asteroid Bennu
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Asteroid Bennu is a potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroid that was studied by NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission from
2018 to 2021. The exploration, which involved a dramatic sample collection, made Bennu one of three best-explored
asteroids in the entire universe. The OSIRIS-REx mission revealed multiple surprising facts about Bennu, including that
its surface is so soft that it nearly swallowed up the probe during the sampling touchdown. Despite the relatively high
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chances of Bennu's orbit intersecting with that of Earth in the next couple of centuries, most experts think the asteroid
is rather harmless.
Aditya-L1
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), India’s national space agency, announced that it is scheduled to launch
a solar probe called Aditya-L1 (“Aditya” translates to “sun” in Sanskrit) on September 2 to study the sun’s outer
atmosphere, known as the corona. The mission will lift off from India’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre on the island of
Sriharikota off India’s east coast. The solar mission will launch at the heels of India’s historic landing on the moon on
Aug. 23.
Galactic 03
Virgin Galactic announced that it is targeting Sept. 8 to launch its third commercial spaceflight called Galactic 03. It
will be the company’s second all-tourist spaceflight, flying two pilots and three paying customers to and from suborbital
space. Virgin Galactic hasn’t disclosed the names of the crew yet. Its last such flight took off on Aug. 10, carrying a former
Olympic canoeist and a mother-daughter duo.
Soyuz MS-24
c o m
.
The Roscosmos launched a crewed Soyuz MS-24 spacecraft to the International Space Station on Sept. 15. The mission
will send three astronauts, including Russian commander Oleg Kononenko, Russian flight engineer Nikolai Chub and
rs
NASA astronaut Loral O’Hara, to the ISS for a months-long research assignment. The Soyuz rocket will lift off from the
Baikonur Cosmodrome spaceport in Kazakhstan.
Moon Sniper Lunar Mission
k e
The mission consists of a lander called SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon) and an X-ray device called the X-
n
Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM). The mission was originally scheduled for Aug. 26 but was postponed
a
due to adverse weather conditions. If successful, Japan will be the fifth country to achieve a successful soft landing on
the moon, following Russia, the U.S., China, and India.
r
o p PRACTICE QUESTIONS
T
136. Who is the current Chairman of ISRO? 138. Who became the first private company to launch
(a) Vikram Sarabhai people (human spaceflight) into orbit?
(b) Satish Dhawan (a) Relativity Space (b) SpaceX
(c) S Somnath (c) Rocket Lab (d) Blue Origin
(d) Rakesh Sharma
139. Space System Design Lab has been inaugurated in-
137. JAXA is the space agency of which country (a) Tamil Nadu (b) Sikkim
(a) France (b) Japan (c) Gangtok (d) Ahmedabad
(c) Russia (d) Germany
140. Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization
Centre was founded in which year?
(a) 1990 (b) 2000
(c) 2022 (d) 2020
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1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
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BIMA SUGAM AND ALL ABOUT INSURANCE SECTOR OF INDIA
Why in news?
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) claims that the proposed Bima Sugam is a “game
changer” and a “UPI moment” for the insurance segment, with ambitions of becoming the largest online market for
insurance products and services which has not been practiced anywhere in the world.
Bima Sugam
It’s an online platform where customers can choose a suitable scheme from multiple options given by various
companies. All insurance requirements, including those for life, health, and general insurance (including motor and
travel) will be met by Bima Sugam. This platform will help in the settlement of claims, whether it’s health coverage or
death claims, in a paperless manner on the basis of policy numbers. The overall budget for Bima Sugam has been hiked
m
to Rs 200 crore from around Rs 85 crore. IRDAI has appointed a committee for the creation of the platform and now
plans to go for requests for proposals (RFPs) soon to appoint a service provider for the platform. The service providers
will be the technological partners for creating and running a platform to provide all the services in one place.
Role of Bima Sugam
.c o
rs
The proposed platform would act as a single window for the policyholder to manage his/her insurance coverage. It will
provide end-to-end solutions for customers’ insurance needs i.e., purchase, service, and settlement in a seamless
e
manner. It will facilitate insurance companies to access the validated and authentic data from various touch points on
a real-time basis. The platform will interface for the intermediaries and agents to sell policies and provide services to
policyholders, among others, and reduce paperwork.
Physical mode in Insurance sector
an k
r
Customers will open an insurance account and the policies will be stored in this account, thus obviating the need for
physical documents. Further, the paperwork involved in buying a policy will also come down. Settlement of claims and
o p
renewal of policies will also become faster as paperwork is reduced drastically, making it easier for the customers. In
short, identifying the right policy, buying it, settling the claims and renewals will be streamlined in online process. The
process will be mostly on the lines of demat accounts and online trading in the case of stock markets.
Insurance sector in India
T
India’s Insurance industry is one of the premium sectors experiencing upward growth. This upward growth of the
insurance industry can be attributed to growing incomes and increasing awareness in the industry. India is the fifth
largest life insurance market in the world's emerging insurance markets, growing at a rate of 32-34% each year. In recent
years the industry has been experiencing fierce competition among its peers which has led to new and innovative
products within the industry. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the industry under the automatic method is allowed
up to 26% and licensing of the industry is monitored by the insurance regulator the Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
Insurance Industry of India

The insurance industry of India has 57 insurance companies - 24 are in the life insurance business, while 34 are non-life
insurers. Among the life insurers, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) is the sole public sector company. There are six
public sector insurers in the non-life insurance segment. In addition to these, there is a sole national re-insurer, namely
General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re). Other stakeholders 1T9T Insurance market include agents
tr-5O7Nin the3QIndian
0U7O
(individual and corporate), brokers, surveyors and third-party administrators servicing health insurance claims.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
141. ‘Insurance for all by 2047’ is the mission of – 143. Union Budget 2021 increased FDI limit in insurance
(a) Life corporation of India(LIC) under the automatic route from 49% to
(b) New India Assurance (NIA) (a) 80% (b) 75%
(c) Insurance Regulatory and Development (c) 74% (d) 55%
Authority India (IRDA)
(d) SBI General Insurance 144. In 2021, the Indian government signed an agreement
with the World Bank for a US$ 40 million project to
142. Who is the current chairman of Insurance advance the qualities of health services in which of
Regulatory and Development Authority India? the following state?
(a) Madhabi Puri Buch (a) Ahmedabad (b) Meghalaya
(b) Mr Debasish Panda (c) Tripura (d) Delhi
(c) Kamlesh Varshney
(d) Amarjeet Singh 145.
o m
Who is the Current Finance Minister of India?
(a) Nitish Yadav
c
.
(b) Nirmala Sitharaman
(c) Rajnath Singh
rs
(d) Smriti Irani
NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION

k e
Why in news?
r an
The National Medical Commission (NMC) is in the news once again, post the one-time ‘zero-percentile’ criteria for
NEET PG admissions as it has recently been awarded the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) recognition
status for a tenure of 10 years.
National Medical Commission
o p
T
National Medical Commission (NMC) is an Indian regulatory body of 33 members which regulates medical education
and medical professionals. It replaced the Medical Council of India on 25 September 2020. The Commission grants
recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical
practitioners, and monitors medical practice and assesses the medical infrastructure in India. It was earlier established
for 6 months by an ordinance in January 2019 and later became a permanent law passed by Parliament of India and later
approved by President of India on 8 August 2019.
Aim and Mission of National Medical Commission

The Aim of the National Medical Commission are to (i) improve access to quality and affordable medical education, (ii)
ensure availability of adequate and high quality medical professionals in all parts of the country; (iii) promote equitable
and universal healthcare that encourages community health perspective and makes services of medical professionals
accessible to all the citizens; (iv) encourages medical professionals to adopt latest medical research in their work and to
contribute to research; (v) objectively assess medical institutions periodically in a transparent manner; (vi) maintain a
medical register for India; (vi) enforce high ethical standards in all aspects of medical services; (vii) have an effective
grievance redressal mechanism. 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-Medical Council
5I7E0B7F3D of India
The Medical Council of India was first established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933. The council was
later reconstituted under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 that replaced the earlier Act. The Council granted
recognition of medical qualifications, gave accreditation to medical schools, granted registration to medical
practitioners, and monitored medical practice in India.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Foreign Medical Graduate
In 2021, the NMC revised its guidelines for foreign medical graduates (FMGs) seeking to obtain a license to practice
medicine in the country. The guidelines introduced changes and updates, including the expansion of recognition of
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medical qualifications from certain countries and the requirement for FMGs to pass the Screening Test for Foreign
Medical Graduates (FMGE). In order to be recognized as qualified to practice medicine in India, FMGs must be in
possession of a valid medical qualification from a recognized medical institution and to have passed the FMGE, a
mandatory examination that measures the knowledge and skills of FMGs in various areas of medicine.
Maintenance of Standards of Medical Education Regulations, 2023

The National Medical Commission (NMC) has introduced a penalty of Rs 1 crore for medical colleges failing to comply
with course norms — statutory provisions, regulations, and minimum standards — set by the apex medical education
regulator. Additionally, doctors, department heads or institute heads could face penalties of up to Rs 5 lakh for
submitting false documents. Any attempt to pressurise UG (undergraduate) / PG (postgraduate) board or NMC through
individuals or agencies concerned would lead to an immediate halt of the processing of all applications / requests by
the medical institution
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
146. Who is the current chairman of National Medical

Commission?
148.
o m
Who is the current minister of health and family
welfare?
c
.
(a) Dr. Satish Chadda (a) Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar
(b) Dr. Suresh Chandra Sharma (b) Shri Mansukh L. Mandaviya
rs
(c) Dr. Surinder Suri (c) Shri Rajesh Bhushan
(d) Dr. Pradeep Shah (d) K. Sudhakar
147. Who recommended the replacement of Medical

Council of India (MCI) with National Medical
k e
149. Where is the head quarter of National Medical
Commission?
Commission (NMC)?
(a) NITI Aayog
(b) AIMS
r an (a) Bangalore
(c) Jharkhand
(b) Mizoram
(d) Delhi
p
(c) Government of India 150. How many ex officio member are there in National
(d) Health Ministry Medical Commission
To
HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA'APAI IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC IN 2022
(a) 15
(c) 8
(b) 17
(d) 10
Why in news?
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano includes the small islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai along with
shallow reefs along the caldera rim of a much larger submarine edifice in the western South Pacific Ocean, west of the
main inhabited islands in the Kingdom of Tonga. It is one of 12 confirmed submarine volcanoes along the Tofua Arc, a
segment of the larger Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc. The Tonga-Kermadec arc formed as a result of subduction of the
Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian Plate.
2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption

In December 2021, an eruption began on Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai, a0Usubmarine 3Q1T9T volcano in the Tongan archipelago
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in the southern Pacific Ocean. The eruption reached a very large and powerful climax nearly four weeks later, on 15
January 2022. In the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated at least a VEI-5. Described by scientists as
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
a "magma hammer", the volcano at its height produced a series of four underwater thrusts, displaced 10 cubic kilometres
(2.4 cu mi) of rock, ash and sediment, and generated the largest atmospheric explosion recorded by modern
instrumentation.
Islands 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Hunga Tonga and Hunga Haʻapai are the only subaerial parts of the volcano. Hunga Tonga is the eastern island, while
Hunga Haʻapai is the western one. They are part of Tonga's Haʻapai group of islands,[15] an island arc formed at the
convergent boundary where the Pacific Plate subducts under the Indo-Australian Plate.
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History
On 16 March 2009, a submarine eruption near Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai began spewing steam, smoke, pumice, and
ash thousands of feet into the sky. The eruption devastated Hunga Haʻapai, covering it in black ash and stripping it of
vegetation and fauna. The volcanic eruption drew worldwide attention. The volcano was featured in a segment of the
television program in 2009. In November–December 2014, volcanic plumes and a series of earthquakes at volcanoes
occurred north of Tonga for several weeks, indicating resumed volcanic activity in the area.
Tsunami from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai

The tsunami from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano in Tonga on 15 January 2022 was the first from a violent
eruption for over 130 years, the last being the Krakatau volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1883. Hunga Tonga-Hunga
Ha’apai was also the first dual eruption tsunami since the Krakatau event and the first recorded by modern technology.
The resulting shockwave was the most significant ever recorded and the volcano’s plume was the highest on record.
Other similar disaster

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai event was comparable to the Papua New Guinea submarine landslide tsunamis of
1998, which resulted in 2200 fatalities, and the Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami of 2004 when over 250 000 people
died. Although the mechanisms are different, all identify a previously unrecognised tsunami hazard. The Papua New
c o m
.
Guinea submarine landslide generated massively destructive tsunamis, while the Indian Ocean event saw great-
magnitude earthquake tsunamis striking along convergent margins outside the Pacific Ocean.
Conclusion
e rs
The events of 15 January 2022 should serve as a wake-up call to the potential hazards from other violent eruptions. Many
k
of these volcanoes, unlike Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, are close to high-density coastal populations. The unexpected
nature of the eruption reveals that the global hazard from large volume volcanic eruptions is underestimated and
r an
identifies a global unpreparedness for the effects of these events.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
151. Which is the capital city of Tonga?

(a) Pangai
o
(b) Kolovai
p (a) Midam
(c) Dimsum
(b) Clauster
(d) Vulcan
T
(c) Nuku’alofa (d) Pea
154. Which of the following is also known as composite
152. The volcano was featured in a segment of which of volcanoes?
the television program in 2009? (a) Narcondam volcano
(a) Solar System (b) Mount Kilimanjaro
(b) Angry Planet (c) Stratovolcanoes
(c) Disasters in Country (d) Popocatépetl Volcano
(d) History of Volacanoes
155. Narrow opening of the Volcano is called-
153. Who is the god of fire in Roman mythology? (a) Crater (b) Surgery
(c) Carter (d) Valocite
WOMEN RESERVATION BILL 2023

3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Why in news
tr-The 0B7F3D1E9E (One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023 was introduced in Lok Sabha on September
5I7EConstitution
19, 2023. The Bill seeks to reserve one-third of the total number of seats in Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies
for women. This has been passed by the parliament.
Purpose of the bill

In recent decades, there has beentr-growing 3Q1T9T
5O7N0U7Oapprehension regarding the underrepresentation of women in legislative
bodies, despite their constituting more than half of the global population. This democratic deficiency poses a significant
hindrance to the attainment of rapid economic development. Consequently, it becomes increasingly imperative to
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accord utmost importance to this issue, aiming to fortify a political decision-making process that is participatory,
responsive, inclusive, equitable, and accountable.
Reservation for the woman

The Bill reserves, as nearly as may be, one-third of all seats for women in Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and
the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. This will also apply to the seats reserved for SCs and
STs in Lok Sabha and states legislatures.
Commencement of the bill

The reservation will be effective after the census conducted after the commencement of this Bill has been published.
Based on the census, delimitation will be undertaken to reserve seats for women. The reservation will be provided for
a period of 15 years. However, it shall continue till such date as determined by a law made by Parliament.
Rotation of the seats
approximately every 10 years as after 2026 delimitation is mandated to take place after every census. A study by the
Ministry of Panchayati Raj recommended that rotation of constituencies should be discontinued at the panchayat level
c m
The Bill states that reserved seats shall be allotted by rotation after every delimitation exercise. This implies rotation
o
.
because almost 85% women were first-timers and only 15% women could get re-elected because the seats they were
elected from were de-reserved.
History of the women reservation bill
e rs
The matter of quota for women was previously deliberated upon in the years 1996, 1997, and 1998; however, it was
k
unable to be pursued further due to the dissolution of Lok Sabhas or the absence of consensus among political parties.
This legislation has encountered six unsuccessful attempts to get cleared since its initial introduction in 1996. Former
n
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Mulayam Singh Yadav in 2010 had suggested the Women Reservation Bill should not
a
be enacted due to its potential implication of encouraging male parliamentarians to engage in wolf-whistling towards
their female colleagues
r
Constitutional provision for the welfare of the woman
o p
The Constitution of India not only grants equality to women but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive
T
discrimination in favour of women for neutralizing the cumulative socio economic, education and political
disadvantages faced by them. Fundamental Rights, among others, ensure equality before the law and equal protection
of law; prohibits discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and
guarantee equality of opportunity to all citizens in matters relating to employment. Articles 14, 15, 15(3), 16, 39(a), 39(b),
39(c) and 42 of the Constitution are of specific importance in this regard.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
156. Women's Reservation Bill is also known as the

(a) Constitution 108th Amendment Act 159. Who was the Chairman of delimitation commission
(b) Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam in Jammu and Kashmir?
(c) Both a and b (a) Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai
(d) None of the above (b) Sh. Sushil Chandra
(c) Sh. K. K. Sharma
157. Who is the first woman CM of India? (d) All of the above
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3Q
(a) Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur tr-5O7N0U7O
(b) Sarojini Naidu 160. Who is the current minister of women child and
9E
0B7F3D1EKripalani
5I7ESucheta
tr-(c) development
(d) Suchitra Srivastava (a) Smriti Zubin Irani
(b) Shrimati Nirmala Sitharaman
158. What is the rank of India in Global Gender Gap (c) Shrimati Harsimrat Kaur
Report 2023? 9T (d) Phangnon Konyak
7N0U7O3Q1T
(a) 127th (b) 129th tr-5O
(c) 135th (d) 137th
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PM VISHWAKARMA SCHEME
Why in news
Prime Minister of India has launched the 'Prime Minister (PM) Vishwakarma Scheme' on the occasion of
Vishwakarma Jayanti.
Vishwakarma Scheme
Vishwakarma Scheme is a newly launched Central Government scheme. It aims to provide financial assistance to
artisans and craftsmen. The Scheme aims to strengthen and nurture the Guru-Shishya parampara or family-based
practice of traditional skills by Vishwakarmas working with their hands and tools. The prime focus of PM Vishwakarma
is to improve the quality as well as the reach of products and services of artisans and craftspeople and to ensure that
they are integrated with the domestic and global value chains.
m
Scope of the scheme
The Scheme covers artisans and craftspeople engaged in 18 trades, viz.(i) Carpenter (Suthar/Badhai); (ii) Boat Maker;
o
(iii) Armourer; (iv) Blacksmith (Lohar); (v) Hammer and Tool Kit Maker; (vi) Locksmith; (vii) Goldsmith (Sonar); (viii)
c
Potter (Kumhaar); (ix) Sculptor (Moortikar, stone carver), Stone breaker; (x) Cobbler (Charmkar)/ Shoesmith/Footwear
.
artisan; (xi) Mason (Rajmistri); (xii) Basket/Mat/Broom Maker/Coir Weaver; (xiii) Doll & Toy Maker (Traditional); (xiv)
rs
Barber (Naai); (xv) Garland maker (Malakaar); (xvi) Washerman (Dhobi); (xvii) Tailor (Darzi); and (xviii) Fishing Net
Maker.
Benefits under scheme
k e
It gives recognition to artisans and craftspeople through PM Vishwakarma certificate and ID card. Basic Training of 5-
n
7 days and Advanced Training of 15 days or more, with a stipend of Rs. 500 per day is provided with a view to upgradation
a
of the skill. A toolkit incentive of upto Rs. 15,000 in the form of e-vouchers at the beginning of Basic Skill Training.
r
Collateral free ‘Enterprise Development Loans’ of upto Rs. 3 lakh in two tranches of Rs. 1 lakh and Rs. 2 lakh with tenures
of 18 months and 30 months, respectively, at a concessional rate of interest fixed at 5%, with Government of India
o p
subvention to the extent of 8%. An amount of Re. 1 per digital transaction, upto maximum 100 transactions monthly
will be credited to the beneficiary’s account for each digital pay-out or receipt. Marketing support will be provided to
the artisans and craftspeople in the form of quality certification, branding, onboarding on e-commerce platforms such
T
as GeM, advertising, publicity and other marketing activities to improve linkage to value chain.
Enrolment in the scheme

Enrolment of beneficiaries shall be done through Common Service Centres with Aadhaar-based biometric
authentication on PM Vishwakarma portal. The enrolment of beneficiaries will be followed by a three-step verification
which will include (i) Verification at Gram Panchayat/ ULB level, (ii) Vetting and Recommendation by the District
Implementation Committee (iii) Approval by the Screening Committee.
Vishwakarma
Vishwakarma, in Hindu mythology, is seen as the architect of the gods and was the divine carpenter and master
craftsman who fashioned the weapons of the gods and built their cities and chariots. Some legends say he was the
architect of the mythical city Lanka mentioned in the Hindu epic Ramayana and is also said to have made the great
image of Jagannatha at Puri in Odisha. He is considered the patron deity of workers, artisans, and artists.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS 3Q1T9T

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161. tr-The PM
5I7E0B 3D1E9E
7FVishwakarma Yojana will be implemented
over a period of how many years? 163. PM Vishwakarma Scheme was first announced on
(a) 3 years (b) 5 years (a) Independence day
(c) 7 years (d) 10 years (b) Vishwakarma Jayanti
(c) Republic Day
162. Who is the Union Minister for Micro, Small 3Q1T9T
0U7Oand (d) Constitution Day
tr-5O7N
Medium Enterprises?
(a) Akhilesh Yadav (b) Amit Shah
(c) Narayan Rane (d) Piyush Goyal
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164. Which scheme is aimed at upgrading the skills and 165. What is an online marketplace that facilitates the
training of artisans and craftsmen from minority procurement of goods and services by government
communities, enabling them to improve their craft entities from micro and small enterprises?
and expand their market reach? (a) Online Marketing
(a) USTAAD (b) Hatt Bazaar (b) Government e Marketplace
(c) AIMST (d) PMRAY (c) E-Marketing
(d) Small Shopping
FIRST-EVER PATIENT SAFETY RIGHTS CHARTER

Why in news
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the first-ever patient safety rights charter outlining the core rights of
m
all patients in the context of safety of health care on September 14, 2023.
Patient Safety Rights Charter
c o
It outlines the core rights of all patients in the context of safety of health care and seeks to assist governments and other
stakeholders to ensure that the voices of patients are heard and their right to safe health care is protected.
.
Patient Safety
e rs
Patient safety is defined as “the absence of preventable harm to a patient and reduction of risk of unnecessary harm
associated with health care to an acceptable minimum." Within the broader health system context, it is “a framework
k
of organized activities that creates cultures, processes, procedures, behaviours, technologies and environments in health
reduce impact of harm when it does occur.
World Patient Safety Day
r n
care that consistently and sustainably lower risks, reduce the occurrence of avoidable harm, make error less likely and
a
o p
This year’s World Patient Safety Day seeks to highlight the critical importance of listening to patients, families and
caregivers, learning from their experiences, and involving them in every aspect of care, to avoid harm, lower the risk of
errors and reduce the impact of harm when it does occur. This requires a shift in paradigm, from care designed for
T
patients to care designed with patients, their families and caregivers. World Patient Safety Day was established to
increase public awareness and engagement, enhance global understanding, and work towards global solidarity and
action by countries and partners to promote safety in health care.
Survey of global patient safety action plan

According to the interim results of the 2023 survey of WHO Member States on the implementation of the global patient
safety action plan, only 13 per cent of responding countries have a patient representative on the governing board (or an
equivalent mechanism) in the majority of their hospitals. The survey also highlighted the income-based implementation
gap, with good practices largely concentrated in higher-income countries.
European Charter Of Patients’ Rights

the present Charter can reinforce the degree of protection of patients/citizens’ rights in the different national contexts,
and can be a tool for the harmonisation of national health systems that favours citizens’ and patients’ rights. It lists 14
fundamental patients’ rights which each EU country must protect and guarantee. Drafted in 22 languages, it has become
a reference for EU citizens’ rights in health care and a milestone for other
7N0UEU 1T9T
7O3QCharters.
tr-5O
tr-About 3D1E9E
WHO
5I7E0B7F
WHO is the United Nations agency that connects nations, partners and people to promote health, keep the world safe
and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health. WHO leads global efforts to
expand universal health coverage. It direct and coordinate the world’s response to health emergencies. And we promote
healthier lives – from pregnancy care through old age.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Conclusion
Health systems must work hand-in-hand with patients, families, and communities, so that patients can be informed
advocates in their own care and every person can receive the safe, dignified, and compassionate care they deserve.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
166. When was World Patient Safety Day observed? (c) Dr Henrietta Hughes
(a) 20 August (b) 17 July (d) W Edwards Deming
(c) 17 August (d) 17 September
169. Where is the head quarter of World Health
167. Who is the Director General of World Health Organisation located?
Organisation? (a) Washington (b) Geneva
(a) Dr Thomas Edison (c) New York (d) Paris
(b) Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
(c) Elon Musk 170. What is the fundamental principle of any health care
(d) Dr Pluto Gems service
(a) Build on existing structures and functions
168. Who is appointed as the first ever Patient Safety
Commissioner for England?
(a) Aidan Fowler
m
(b) Improve care for people.
o
(c) First, do no harm
(d) Support health workers.
c
.
(b) Lucian Leape
SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA COMBATING INITIATIVES OF INDIA

Why in news
k e rs
n
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission. The PM said that the
a
nation is taking a big pledge of securing the lives of the people from tribal communities and saving the lives of 2.5 lakh
children and families affected by the disease.
r
National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission
o p
The National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission takes a comprehensive approach towards combating sickle cell
disease as the impact of a disease is not felt by the patient alone, but by the whole family. NSCEM combines both
T
screening and awareness strategies to ensure early detection and treatment while promoting education about the
disease as people may not be aware that they suffer from this diseases, and may unintentionally transfer it to the next
generation, hence the role of screening becomes even more important in this regard.
Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder that requires lifelong management and contributes to infant,
childhood as well as adult morbidity and mortality. SCD, as a genetic condition, is widespread among the tribal
population in India. It results in various complications like anaemia (Sickle Cell Anaemia), frequent infections, pain,
and swelling as well as chronic damage to various organs in the body including the brain, liver, lungs, etc.
Guidelines for National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission

Guidelines for National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission have been developed, to emphasize an integrated
comprehensive approach for both screening and management of SCD with a special focus on prevention and control.
These guidelines entail a strategic roadmap for the prevention and management of sickle cell disease amongst tribal
populations as well as non-tribal people in selected geographies of certain 3Q1T9T
states
7N0U7O where the disease prevalence is high.
tr-5O
While in its initial stage, the mission would prioritize its intervention in the high prevalence and tribal states, the plan
tr-would 3D1E9E
subsequently
5I7E0B7F expand to include all states/UTs in a phase-wise manner with an incremental approach.
Awareness Campaign and Training of Trainers

Union Minister of Tribal Affairs launched the ‘Awareness Campaign and Training of Trainers’ as a part of the ‘Mission
for Elimination of Sickle Cell Anaemia' in New Delhi. The programme envisages training of grassroot level functionaries
so as to create awareness in this direction 7O3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0Uamong the masses, especially in tribal regions.
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Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) popularly known as Ayushman Bharat was launched on September
25, 2018 which aims to secure the lives of 50 crore individuals that comprises of 10.74 cr poor families including both
rural and urban areas with a defined benefit cover of Rs 5 lakh per family.
Conclusion
While the challenge to provide advance care for patients with SCD seems daunting, it is indeed achievable, especially
with engaged active partners leading the way. A multi-stakeholder approach is needed to mitigate the barriers and
ensure improvement in the quality of care for individuals with SCD and for preventive and promotive efforts.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
171. Who is the current Union Minister of Tribal Affairs? (c) National Health Mission
(a) Nitish Tiwari (b) Rajpal Yadav (d) Anaemia Elemination
172.
(c) Arjun Munda (d) Akhilesh Yadav
National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission

174.
o m
The mission aims to eliminate the sickle cell disease
by
c
.
(NSCEM) was launched in (a) 2050 (b) 2047
(a) Uttarakhand (b) Andhra Pradesh (c) 2023 (d) 2040
rs
(c) Bihar (d) Madhya Pradesh
175. National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission is
173. National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission is
a part of which mission?
(a) Medical Mission
k e implemented in ……… states

(a) 17
(c) 29
(b) 20
(d) 10
(b) National Medical Emergency
r an
Why in news
o p
NAVIC IN SMARTPHONES
models.
NavIC
T
Minister of state for electronics and information technology said that all smartphones will have to support NavIC by
the end of 2025 after Apple successfully supported the indigenous navigation system in some of the new iPhone 15
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is designed to provide “more accurate domestic navigation” for users in
India. NavIC was approved in 2006, but it went into full operations in 2018 with seven satellites covering the entire
territory of India. NavIC has three Geostationary satellites and four geosynchronous satellites situated in much higher
orbits. NavIC satellites provide dual frequency bands (L5-band and S-band), which is why the system is relatively more
accurate than GPS. The NavIC System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 metre in the primary
service area.
Benefit for India

India has been aggressively promoting NavIC to make it a mainstream service at par with GPS. NavIC was developed
partly because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation 3Q1T9Tsystems is not guaranteed in hostile
satellite
tr-5O7N0U7O
situations and India wants to reduce its dependence on foreign systems like GPS (which is owned by the US) by creating
tr-its own
5I7E 3D1E9E
0B7Ftechnologies. India wants to expand NavIC coverage globally and it wants tech companies to make their devices
compatible with the new standard before then.
NavIC vs GPS
With seven satellites, NavIC is considered to be at par with GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. The GPS needs nearly 24
operational satellites and has 31 satellites 3Q1T9T
in7Oorbit. All 55 satellites are geosynchronous satellites, which means that they
tr-5O7N0U
do not remain stationary in space regarding the revolving earth. Navic has 3 geostationary satellites and 4
geosynchronous satellites which are placed in much higher orbits due to which the signal is less prone to obstructions.
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The GPS uses a single frequency band while the NavIC satellites use dual frequency bands (L5-band and S-band), which
is why the system is relatively more accurate than GPS. NavIC is designed to provide an absolute position accuracy of
fewer than 10 meters on the Indian landmass and less than 20 meters on the Indian Ocean. The accuracy of the Standard
Positioning Service is 20 meters for both GPS and NavIC. However, the location accuracy of NavIC might see a drastic
improvement in urban locations where geolocation accuracy tends to degrade.
NavIC Adoption
NavIC is already being used in public vehicle tracking systems in India since it offers it allows enforcement agencies to
monitor vehicles, which is not possible with international systems like GPS. In April 2019, the Union Ministry of Road
Transport and Highways made NavIC-based vehicle trackers mandatory for all commercial vehicles in the country. In
August 2021, DGCA updated the drone rules for India under which it became mandatory to use made-in-India
technologies, including NavIC.
Conclusion
Most smartphones enable the use of all navigation systems for developers, and with NavIC getting adopted by Apple,
among other systems, the doors for the Indian system’s global development will also open up.
c o m
.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
rs
176. NavIC was developed by the? 178. Russia has made which of the following navigation
(a) National Aeronautics and Space Administration system?
(b) Indian Space Research Organisation
(c) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
(d) Centre national d'études spatiales
k e (a) GLONASS
(c) BeiDou
(b) GPS
(d) NorNoe
177. Which ministry is responsible for electronics and IT

in India?
r an 179. Galileo is the navigation system of

(a) EU
(c) USA
(b) China
(d) India
p
(a) Finance Ministry
(b) Defence Ministry 180. Who launched a project on Open Network for
Technology
(d) Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw
To
(c) Ministry of Electronics and Information Digital Commerce
(a) Department for Electronics and Technology
(b) Department for Digitalisation
(c) Department for networking Sites
(d) Department for Promotion of Industry and
Internal Trade
ALL ABOUT WORLD HERITAGE SITES

World Heritage Sites
World Heritage Sites are cultural and/or natural sites considered to be of ‘Outstanding Universal Value’, which have
been inscribed on the World Heritage List by the World Heritage Committee.
UNESCO and World Heritage

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification,
protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world
7N0U 1T9T
7O3Qconsidered to be of outstanding value to
tr-5O
humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World
1E9E
tr-Cultural and
5I7E0B7F3D Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. What makes the concept of World Heritage exceptional is
its universal application. World Heritage sites belong to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on
which they are located.
World Heritage mission

UNESCO's World Heritage mission is 7N
tr-5O to0U 7O3Q1T9T countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the
encourage
protection of their natural and cultural heritage. It also encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate sites
within their national territory for inclusion on the World Heritage List and to establish management plans and set up
reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites. It helps States Parties to safeguard World
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Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training and providing emergency assistance for
World Heritage sites in immediate danger. It encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their
cultural and natural heritage and international cooperation in the conservation of our world's cultural and natural
heritage.
Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
The most significant feature of the 1972 World Heritage Convention is that it links together in a single document the
concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention recognizes the way in
which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to preserve the balance between the two. The Convention
defines the kind of natural or cultural sites which can be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List. The
Convention sets out the duties of States Parties in identifying potential sites and their role in protecting and preserving
them.
Selection criteria
these and now has one set of ten criteria. Nominated sites must be of "outstanding universal value" and must meet at
least one of the ten criteria.
c m
Until 2004, there were six sets of criteria for cultural heritage and four for natural heritage. In 2005, UNESCO modified
o
World Heritage Sites in India
rs .
There are 42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India. The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, the famed Hoysala temples
of Belur, Halebid, and Somananthpura in Karnataka have been added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
k e
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage list. This inclusion marks the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site in
India and comes just a day after Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan also received this distinguished recognition. The
decision to include Santiniketan in the prestigious list was made during the 45th session of the World Heritage
Committee reaffirming its importance on the global stage.
r an PRACTICE QUESTIONS
181. Where is the headquarter of UNESCO located?

(a) Paris
o
(b) Germany
p 184. Which Indian Site was removed from UNESCO
T
(c) Japan (d) America Heritage Sites list in 2006?
(a) Fatehpur Sikri
182. The 45th session of the World Heritage Committee (b) Forts
was held in which country? (c) Gujrat Monuments
(a) North Arabia (b) Saudi Arabia (d) Group of Monument at Hampi
(c) North Korea (d) South Korea
185. Taj Mahal designated as a UNESCO World Heritage
183. "The Empire State Building" is located at Site in
(a) New York (b) California (a) 1980 (b) 1983
(c) Paris (d) Toronto (c) 1945 (d) 1982
NAGORNO-KARABAKH EXPLAINED
Why in news? 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
The United Nations will send a mission to Nagorno-Karabakh for the first time in about 30 years, scrambling to address
9E
tr-humanitarian
5I7E0B7F3D1E needs after Azerbaijan retook the territory and triggered a major refugee exodus.
What is Nagorno-Karabakh?
Nagorno-Karabakh, known as Artsakh by Armenians, is a landlocked mountainous area in the South Caucasus. It was
claimed by both Azerbaijan and Armenia after the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917 and has remained a point of tension
ever since. The territory is internationally 7O3Q1T9T as part of oil-rich Azerbaijan, but its inhabitants are predominantly
recognised
tr-5O7N0U
ethnic Armenians and have their own government which has enjoyed close links to the government in neighbouring
Armenia but has not been officially recognised by it or other U.N. member states.
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Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
Over the centuries, the enclave has come under the sway of Persians, Turks, Russians, Ottomans and Soviets. After the
Russian revolution of 1917, Armenia and Azerbaijan fought over the region. When the Bolsheviks took over Azerbaijan,
Armenia agreed to Bolshevik control, ushering in the Sovietisation of the whole of the Caucasus. Karabakh, with its
borders redrawn to include as many Armenians as possible, remained as part of the Azeri Soviet Republic but with
autonomy. Its name was the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast”.
First Karabakh war

As the Soviet Union crumbled, what is known as the First Karabakh War erupted between Armenians and their Azeri
neighbours. About 30,000 people were killed and more than a million people displaced. Azerbaijan lost a chunk of its
territory with Armenians left in control of most of Karabakh, alongside extra territory around Karabakh’s perimeter.
Azerbaijan vowed to take back control over the territory.
44-day war in 2020

In 2020, after decades of skirmishes, Azerbaijan began a military operation which became the Second Karabakh War
swiftly breaking through Armenian defences. Azerbaijan, backed by Turkey, won a resounding victory in the 44-day
c o m
.
war, taking back parts of Karabakh.
rs
Blockade in 2023
On 19 September 2023, after a blockade lasting several months, Azerbaijan launched a fresh large-scale military offensive
k e
in Nagorno-Karabakh. The Artsakh forces collapsed rapidly, resulting in an Azerbaijani victory, the dissolution of the
Republic of Artsakh, the exodus of almost the entire Armenian population from the region and the entry of Azerbaijani
security forces into the former Artsakh capital, Stepanakert (Khankendi).
Recent developments
r an
Azerbaijan announced it arrested the former head of the self-declared Nagorno-Karabakh’s government Ruben
p
Vardanyan as he tried to cross into Armenia. Vardanyan made his fortune in investment banking in Russia before
moving to the region and heading the separatist government from November 2022 until February. The president of the
o
unrecognized republic Samvel Shakhramanyan had signed an agreement that would “dissolve all state institutions and
T
organizations under their departmental authority by January 1, 2024.” According to the decree, the breakaway region
will cease to exist and its remaining ethnic Armenian population will have to accept being ruled as part of Azerbaijan.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
186. Who is the president of Azerbaijan? 188. Name the Capital of Azerbaijan.
(a) Arzu Aliyeva (a) Baku (b) Tbilisi
(b) Heydar Aliyev (c) Batumi (d) Yerevan
(c) Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev
(d) Leyla Aliyeva 189. When First Karabakh War was erupted between
(a) 1988-1994 (b) 1994-1999
187. Who is the President of Armenia? (c) 1947-1955 (d) 1888-1894
(a) Nikol Pashinyan
(b) Vahagn Khachaturyan 190. Which is the second-largest city in Nagorno-
(c) Robert Kocharyan Karabakh? 1T9T
5O7N
tr-(a) 0U7O3Q
(d) Armen Sargsyan Khankendi (b) Shusha
(c) Khojavend (d) Papravənd
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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HIMACHAL PRADESH SEEKS NATIONAL DISASTER TAG
Why in News?
Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister, Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, requested Prime Minister Narendra Modi to declare the
state's rain calamity a national disaster. The state faced excessive rainfall in July, followed by two unprecedented spells
in August. Over 400 lives were lost, making it one of the worst disasters in the past 100 years.
Aid to states during times of Natural Disasters

 The phrase "National Disasters" is not a recognized or authorized category.
 A "disaster" is defined by the Disaster Management Act of 2005 as "a catastrophe, mishap, calamity, or grave
occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence, which results in
substantial loss of life or human suffering, damage to, and destruction of, property, damage to, or degradation of,
environment, and is of a nature or magnitude that is beyond the coping capacity of the community."
m
 The Act led to the establishment of the Chief Ministers-led State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) and
the Prime Minister-led National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
National Disaster Management Authority

 28th September is celebrated as the Foundation Day of the National Disaster Management Authority.
.c o
rs
 India's top statutory authority for disaster management is called the National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA).
k e
 The Disaster Management Act of 2005 officially established the NDMA on September 27, 2006. Its chairman is the
prime minister, and there are nine other members. Vice-Chairperson duties are assigned to one of the nine
participants.
n
 The State Government in question is in charge of managing disasters in the first instance. However, the National
a
Policy on Disaster Management creates a supportive environment for all, including the federal government, states,
and local governments.
r
 In 350 districts around the nation, the government is implementing a program to establish disaster management
volunteers (Aapada Mitra).
National Disaster Relief Fund

o p
T
 The National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) is a fund managed by the Central Government of India. It's used to
pay for emergency response, relief, and rehabilitation during disasters.
 The NDRF was established in 2005 by the Disaster Management Act (DMA). It was originally called the National
Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF).
 The NDRF is funded by the National Calamity Contingency Duty (NCCD). This duty is imposed on certain goods
under central excise and customs.
 The NDRF supplements the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) in the event of a severe disaster. The NDRF has
rescued over 1.55 lakh people and evacuated more than 7.88 lakh stranded people.
 The NDRF is funded by:
o The Central Government
o The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
o The National Calamity Contingency Duty (NCCD)
Aapada Mitra 3Q1T9T

tr-5O7N0U7O
 In May 2016, a Central Sector Scheme called the Aapada Mitra was introduced.
 The implementing
1E9E agency is NDMA.
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
 It is a program to find qualified people in areas vulnerable to catastrophes who can be trained to act as first
responders in such situations.
 To equip local volunteers with the knowledge and abilities necessary to respond to their community's urgent needs
in the wake of a disaster, enabling them to carry out simple relief and rescue operations during emergencies like
floods, flash floods, and urbantr-flooding.
5O7N0U7O3Q
1T9T
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State Disaster Relief Fund
 The State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) is a fund established by the Indian government to help states manage
and respond to disasters. The SDRF provides financial support for: Relief, Response, Mitigation.
 The SDRF covers natural and man-made disasters, including:
 Drought, Earthquake, Fire, Flood, Tsunami, Hailstorm, Cloudburst, Pest attack, Frost, Landslides, Cold waves.
 The SDRF was established in each state under Section 48 (1) (a) of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The Central
Government allocated Rs. 1,28,122.40 crore for the SDRF for years 2021-22 to 2025-26.
The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction

 The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) is a multi-stakeholder platform established by the
Government of India in 2013. The platform brings together all segments of the disaster risk community in India,
including:
 Government officials, Parliamentarians, Mayors, The media, International agencies, Non-governmental
organizations.
 The NPDRR facilitates dialogue, sharing experiences, views, ideas, and action-oriented research, and explores
opportunities in the area of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The platform is chaired by Union Home Minister, Amit
Shah.
c o m
 The original resolution for the NPDRR was amended occasionally to have a broader participation of different
rs .
stakeholders. The 2023 theme for the NPDRR was "Building Local Resilience in a Changing Climate". The event was
held on March 10th and 11th at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi, India.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
k e
n
191. Which of the following states has recently requested 193. Which of the following date is observed as the
the Prime Minister to declare the rain calamity in the Foundation Day of the National Disaster
State as a National Disaster?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(b) Himachal
(d) West Bengal
Pradesh
p r a management Authority of India?

(a) 22nd August
nd
(c) 22 September
(b) 28th
th
(d) 28 September
August
192.
(c) 2015
T
(b) 2006
(d) 2016
o
In which of the following years was the National
Disaster Management Act launched?
(a) 2005
194.
195.
In which of the following years was the Aapada Mitra
launched?
(a) 2013
(c) 2015
(b) 2014
(d) 2016
When was the National Platform for Disaster Risk

reduction launched?
(a) 2005 (b) 2009
(c) 2013 (d) 2016
LEGALISING CANNABIS CULTIVATION IN INDIA

Why in News?
Unable to limit the cultivation of cannabis, the Himachal government is considering legalising it for boosting revenue
and economy. CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu said a panel will explore this possibility
tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1T9T based on legal framework, as hemp
also has medicinal and industrial uses.
Uttarakhand
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
was the first state in India to legalize cannabis cultivation in 2017. The cultivation of industrial and medical
1E9E
cannabis is legal in Uttarakhand. Controlled cultivation is also allowed in some districts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu.
How are Narcotics Regulated in India?

 The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic 7O3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0USubstances Act of 1985 (NDPS Act) prohibits the production, manufacturing,
cultivation, possession, sale, purchase, transport, storage, and consumption of any narcotic drug or psychotropic
substance. The NDPS Act was passed on November 14, 1985.
 The NDPS Act's objectives include:
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o Consolidating and amending the law relating to narcotic drugs
o Making stringent provisions for the control and regulation of operations relating to narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances
o Providing for the forfeiture of property derived from, or used in, illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances
o The NDPS Act covers the following drugs: Coca leaf, Cannabis (hemp, Opium, Poppy straw, Coca derivatives.
 The NDPS Act provides for the following:
o A Metropolitan Magistrate or a Magistrate of the First Class or any Magistrate of the second class specially
empowered by the state government can issue a warrant for the arrest of any person
o No suspension, remission, or commutation in any sentence awarded under this Act
o Special provisions relating to coca plant and coca leaves for use in the preparation of flavouring agent.
 Under Section 10(a)(iii) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act of 1985, states are allowed
to enact laws governing the growing of cannabis for fibre, seeds, or horticultural uses.
What are Cannabis?

 The term "cannabis" is a general term used to describe the various psychoactive preparations of the plant Cannabis
sativa, according to the WHO (World Health Organization).
c o m
.
 Cannabis is by far the most extensively farmed, trafficked, and abused illicit substance in the world, according to
rs
the WHO.
 The majority of cannabis species are dioecious, meaning they have distinct male and female plants. Hashish is the
name for the unpollinated female plants.
 Tetrahydrocannabinol Delta9 (THC) is the main psychoactive component in cannabis.
k e
n
Initiatives taken to tackle Drug Addiction in India
 In 2016, the "Financial Assistance to States for Narcotics Control" plan was reinstituted along with the creation of
the Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD).
r a
 A comprehensive online database of drug offenses and offenders has been produced by Seizure Information
Management System.
p
 With assistance from the National Drug Dependence Treatment Center of AIIMS, the Ministry of Social Justice &
o
Empowerment conducted the National Drug misuse Survey to assess drug misuse trends in India.
T
 Initiative Sunrise: It was started in 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to combat the rising HIV
prevalence in India's northeastern states, particularly among drug injectors.
 Campaign for a Drug-Free India, or "Nasha Mukt Bharat"
World Health Organisation

 In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO), a division of the UN dedicated to health, was established.
 Its corporate headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
 There are six regional offices, 150 country offices, and 194 Member States.
 It collaborates with its member nations through the Ministries of Health, which are an intergovernmental body.
 The WHO takes the lead in global health matters, directing health research, establishing norms and standards,
outlining evidence-based policy alternatives, offering technical assistance to developing nations, and observing and
analyzing health trends.
 It started operating on April 7, 1948, which is now recognized as World Health Day each year.
3Q1T 9T
Global Scenario around Cannabis cultivation tr-5O7N0U7O
 In 2013, Uruguay became the first nation to legalize marijuana fully, and last year it was made available for purchase
0B7F
tr-5I7Eby 3D1E9Eonly in local pharmacies. Canada became the second-largest nation in the world to make marijuana legal
people
everywhere.
 When marijuana is kept for immediate, personal use, it is not illegal to possess it in Peru. A law legalizing medical
marijuana in Peru has been passed by congress, allowing for the production, sale, and importation of cannabis oil.
 Cannabis cultivation and private use are not 9T punishable offenses in Spain. Although theoretically prohibited, there
1T
7N0U7O3Qcannabis
tr-5O"private"
are around 800 (link in Spanish) clubs where joining requires a small amount of paperwork.
 Although marijuana is technically prohibited in the Netherlands, the government typically ignores this fact.
Cannabis businesses can operate if they abide by specific laws, such as not advertising or creating a disturbance,
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because it is "illegal but not punishable" to sell cannabis. Only citizens may purchase marijuana. However, the
fabled coffee shops of Amsterdam are immune from this restriction.
 The constitutional court of South Africa decided that marijuana is acceptable in September. Private marijuana usage
and personal marijuana cultivation are both permitted.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
196. Who is the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh? 198. In which of the following years was the NDPS Act
(a) N Biren Singh Passed?
(b) Sukhwinder Singh Sukhu (a) 1980 (b) 1983
(c) Atharv Singh Gehlot (c) 1985 (d) 1988
(d) None of the above.
199. Which of the following drugs are covered by the
197. Which was the first state in India to legalise cannabis NDPS Act?
m
cultivation? (a) Coca leaf (b) Opium
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Bihar (c) Poppy Straw
(c) Jharkhand (d) Uttarakhand
o
(d) All of the above.
.c
200. In which of the following years was NCORD
rs
launched?
(a) 2011 (b) 2012
k e (c) 2014 (d) 2016
an
NEW EDUCATION POLICY IN WEST BENGAL
r
Why in news?
o p
In line with the federal spirit of the Constitution and to avoid centralisation in education, the West Bengal government
has developed the State Education Policy, 2023, which recommends a three-language formula for Classes 5 to 8,
emphasizing Bengali.
T
Key Highlights of the Education Policy
 5+4+2+2 pattern: The state will continue the existing 5+4+2+2 pattern for school education.
 Three-language formula: Students in classes 5 through 8 will be taught three languages, which will vary based on
their school's medium.
 Introduction of 'Bangla' as a subject: Bangla will be introduced as a subject from Class I to Class XII.
 Semester system at higher secondary level: The semester system will be introduced for formative assessment.
 Early years' education at Anganwadi centres: Early years' education will be included at Anganwadi centres.
 National Skills Qualifications Framework (NSQF)-aligned curriculum: The policy recommends introducing the
NSQF-aligned curriculum in schools and Madrasas.
National Education Policy 2020

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is based on five guiding pillars: Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability,
3Q1T9T
Accountability. tr-5O7N0U7O
The NEP 2020 aims to make education more inclusive, equitable, and holistic. It focuses on:
tr-5I7EEnsuring
0B7F3D1E9E
universal access at all levels of school education
 Early childhood care and education with new curricular and pedagogical structure
 Attaining foundational literacy and numeracy
 Reforms in school curricula and pedagogy
 Multilingualism and the power of language1T9T
5O7N0U7O3Q
 Developing 21st-century skillstr-such as critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving
 Emphasizing the importance of teacher training and continuous professional development
The NEP 2020 also recommends:
 Using mother tongue or local language as the medium of instruction till Class 5
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 Continuing the use of mother tongue or local language till Class 8 and beyond
 Learning three languages in school
 Re-integrating two crores of out-of-school children
 Doubling the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education, including vocational education, from 26.3% in 2018 to
50% by 2035
History of Education Plans in India:

 The 1913 Government resolution on education policy recommended a 12-year school course.
 The 1913 Gokhale resolution asked the British government to assume responsibility for compulsory primary
education.
 The 1854 Woods Education Despatch and the Report of the Sargeant Commission impacted the course of the
educational system in India.
 The Mughals set up madrasas to promote higher education in India.
 The early Hindu and Buddhist centers of learning, such as Taxila and Nalanda university, were famous institutions.
 Education was confined to the priestly class, with teaching of traditional elements such as religion and logic.
 Teachers were required to be proficient in various domains of knowledge.
c o m
Post Independence
 1968: The first National Education Policy (NPE) was introduced by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. This policy
emphasized compulsory education for children up to the age of 14.
rs .
e
 1986: The second NPE was introduced by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. This policy focused on providing education
to all sections of society, with a particular focus on scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward classes, and
women.
n
 1992: The Narasimha Rao government made amendments to the second NPE.
a
 2020: The third NPE was introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. k
Other Schemes
 Operation Blackboard (1987)
p r
 Mid-Day Meal Scheme (1995)
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001)
To
 Teacher Education Scheme (1987)
 District Primary Education Program (1994)
 86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002)
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
203. In which of the following years was the first National

201. Which of the following Indian states has come up Education Policy launched in India?
with a new education policy of its own? (a) 1956 (b) 1964
(a) Gujarat (b) Haryana (c) 1968 (d) 1986
(c) West Bengal (d) Karnataka
204. In which of the following years was the Operation
202. Which of the following patterns for school education Blackboard launched?
will be followed? (a) 1968 (b) 1986
(a) 5+4+2+2 (b) 6+3+2+2 5O7N
tr-(c) 0U7O3Q1T9T
1987 (d) 2011
(c) 3+6+2+2 (d) 4+5+2+2
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D 205. Which of the following are among the five guiding
pillars of NEP 2020?
(a) Access (b) Equity
(c) Affordability (d) All of the above.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
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SWACHH VAYU SURVEKSHAN 2023 AND NCAP
Why in News?
The Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2023 (SVS 2023) was conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board.
The survey ranked 131 cities in India based on their implementation of City Action Plans. The plans were created as part
of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). The NCAP aims to reduce air pollution by 40% by 2025-26.
About the Report

The SVS 2023 was based on self-assessments submitted by 131 cities. The assessment report was based on eight
parameters, including:
 Control of biomass
 Municipal solid waste burning
 Road dust
m
 Dust from construction and demolition waste
 Vehicular emissions
 Industrial emissions
 Public awareness
 Improvement in PM10 concentration
.c o
rs
The top three cities in category one (+1million population) were Indoor, Agra, and Thane.
The second category (3-10 lakhs population) was led by Amravati, Moradabad, Guntur.
The third category (less than 3 lakhs population) was led by Parwanoo, Kala Amb, and Angul.
Worst performing cities:
 Category 1 – Madurai
k e
 Category 2 – Jammu
 Category 3 – Kohima
r an
Earlier in the year 2022 the first 3 spots were occupied by Lucknow, Prayagraj, and Varanasi, all of them from Uttar
p
Pradesh.
Central Pollution Control Board
Control of Pollution) Act. o

 A statutory entity, the CPCB was established in September 1974 in accordance with the Water (Prevention and
T
 In accordance with the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, it was given certain authority and
responsibilities.
 It performs the functions of a field formation and offers technical assistance to the Ministry of Environment and
Forests in accordance with the 1986 Environment (Protection) Act.
 Promote the cleanliness of streams and wells in various parts of the States by preventing, controlling, and mitigating
water pollution, as stated in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 and the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981.
Incidents of Contamination in India

 Oil contamination as a result of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited's subsurface oil pipelines in Tamil Nadu
leaking.
 Creeks in Eloor, Kerala, are contaminated with pesticides and heavy metals.
 Chromium contamination in the towns of Lohianagar, Uttar Pradesh, and
tr-5O7N0U7O
Rania,
3Q1T 9T Ranipet, Tamil Nadu.
 Electronic garbage that has been improperly disposed of laying along the Ramganga River in Moradabad.
 Soil contamination
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
1E9E with mercury at Ganjam, Odisha, and Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu.
National Clean Air Programme

The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a pollution control initiative launched in January 2019 by the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The NCAP's goal is to improve air quality in 131 cities in 24 states
and union territories. The NCAP'str-objectives 1T9T
include:
5O7N0U7O3Q
 Reducing the concentration of coarse and fine particulate matter in the atmosphere by at least 20% by 2024.
 Expanding the national air quality monitoring network.
 Building capacity for air pollution management.
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 Implementing comprehensive mitigation actions for air pollution prevention, control, and abatement.
 Increasing awareness and capacity-building activities.
The NCAP's target is to reduce key air pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 (ultra-fine particulate matter) by 20-30% in 2024,
taking 2017 as the base year. The Centre has recently set a new target of a 40% reduction in particulate matter
concentration in cities covered under the NCAP by 2026.
The NCAP is a five-year action plan. The “PRANA” portal monitors the implementation of the NCAP.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
206. How many cities were surveyed as a part of the SVS 208. Which of the following cities performed best in
2023? Category 1?
(a) 115 (b) 129 (a) Indore (b) Lucknow
(c) 131 (d) 135 (c) Jammu (d) Agra
207. How many parameters were considered for the

survey?
(a) Six (b) Eight
m
209. Which of the following is not one of the cities who
o
were ranked in the top 3 in Category 3 of the SVS
2023?
c
.
(c) Nine (d) Ten (a) Parwanoo (b) Kala Amb
rs
(c) Kohima (d) Angul
210. When was the National Clean Air Programme
k e launched in India?
(a) 2015
(c) 2021
(b) 2019
(d) 2022
CLASSICAL DANCE FORMS AND RELATED RECENT OBITUARY

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What are Classical Dance forms?
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T
Contrary to traditional dances, classical dances are governed by precise specifications. The Natya Shastra, along with
Acharya Nandikeshawara's "Abhinaya Darpan" and Sharangdev's "Sangeeth Ratnakar" (Nartanadhyaya), constitute the
basis of the technical aspects of all traditional dance forms (including their body motions, rasa, bhava, etc.).
According to the Government of India's Ministry of Culture, there are nine classical dances.
Rasanubhuti:
The ultimate goal of these dancing styles is the Rasanubhuti. Eight Rasas are mentioned in Natya Shastra. They are:
1. Shringar: Love
2. Hasya: Humorous
3. Karuna: Sorrow
4. Raudra: Anger
5. Veer: Heroism
6. Bhayanak: Fear
7. Bibhats: Disgust
8. Adbhoot: Wonder 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
Notably, Shanta: Peace was later included as the ninth by Abhinav Gupta.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Bharatnatyam:
'Bharatanatyam' is a type of dance that combines Bhav, Rag, Ras, and Taal. Devadasis traditionally carried it out, or girls
offered to God in temples, in South Indian Hindu temples. It is also known as "Sadir." Hence, it is also known as
"Dasiattam." This may be India's oldest classical dance style and was created in Tanjore and other South Indian regions,
particularly Tamil Nadu (around 2000 years old).
3Q1T9TIt genuinely adheres to Natya Shastra conventions. Sangeet Ratnakar
tr-5O7N0U7O
and Abhinaya Darpan specify the mechanics and syntax of bodily movements.
Kathak:
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'Kathaa' 'Kahe' or 'Kathak' 'Kahave' is the graceful dance with North Indian origins; Kathakaar or Kathak is the
storyteller. also referred to as "Natwari Nrutya." One of India's most endearing dance styles is kathak. The Ramayan,
Mahabharat, and Krishna stories are central to Kathak's themes. Kathak also includes talks on a variety of topics. Braj's
Raslila is quite similar to Kathak. A solo dance form exists, but perfectly timed ensemble compositions on themes win
the audience over.
Odissi
The well-known dance style known as "Odissi" is performed in the tranquil environs of Shri Jagannath Temple in Odisha.
The Natya Shastra, the oldest Sanskrit text, refers to it as Audramagdhi. This Bhakti-inspired dancing style was once
performed at Jagannath temples as a means of worship to God. Thus, inside the temple, we discover numerous
sculptures in various dance poses.
It contains both Lasya and Tandav. It has a graceful and captivating appearance that resembles ocean waves. Odissi is
renowned for its performances of the amazing poetry of Jayadev.
Kuchipudi
o m
The Kuchipudi is a well-known dance-drama style that has its roots in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, where it
was first performed in the third century BCE.
c
.
The current iteration of Kuchipudi was established and founded by Tirtha Narayana Yati and his student Siddhendra
Yogi. Over time, Kuchipudi evolved into a solo dance style that is now performed by both men and women. Vaishnavism,
rs
Lord Krishna, Rukmini, Satyabhama, and other mythology are all themes found in kuchipudi. There are also several
Bharatnatyam and Odissi specializations in Kuchipudi.
Kathakali
k e
Kathakali is a stunning kind of Keralan traditional dance. Story or fable; performance and art; Kali. Its roots can be
n
found in the classical Sanskrit dance drama "Kutiyattam" and the dance drama "Krishnattam," which tells the stories of
a
the Hindu god Krishna. Ancient martial arts and athletic tradition have an impact on Kathakali's movements.
r
Essentially, it is a dance-drama. Women are now welcome to participate in the male-dominated dancing style known
p
as kathakali. The Kathakali dance form is renowned for its enormous, extravagant costumes, incredible makeup, face
masks, and ornaments.
o
Kathakali is a classical dance that originated in Hindu principalities' theaters and palaces, unlike other classical dances.
T
The duration of the customary performances was extensive, lasting from dusk till daybreak. The length of modern
presentations is dictated by the program's time limit.
The Kerala Kalamandalam is the main center for Kathakali Artists. Kathakali has similarities with other dance forms
like that of the Japanese ‘ Noh’ and ‘Kabuki’ dance forms have similarities with Kathakali.
Mohiniattam
Mohiniattam is a sweet, serene, and delicate classical dance from Kerala that is inspired by Lasya. seen as Feminine,
typically performed by women. The name "Mohini" refers to the alluring female manifestation of Lord Vishnu who ends
evil forces. Mohiniattam is also associated with lovely dancers. Mohiniattam, the most elegant and stunning, is
captivating. For hand motions and facial expressions, the text "Hastha Lakshanadeepika" is referenced, which contains
a detailed description of mudras.
Manipuri
The Manipuri dance form named after its region of origin, ‘Manipur’ is also known as ‘Jogai’. It was traditionally
performed as a dance – drama on devotional songs, Manipuri showcases the1Tlove 9T between Radha- Krishna through
Raaslila. Manipuri is a combination of two culture- Indian and 7N0U7O3Q Asian. The Manipuri dance form is
tr-5OSouth-East
categorized as Tandav or Lasya.
5I7E0B
tr-The 7F3D1E9E
beautifully soft and graceful dance form, Manipuri has significant movements of hands and upper body. A curvy
body structure with a pleasant smile, decorative, shiny costumes, and ornaments, Manipuri is indeed a mesmerizing
dance form. Another uniqueness of this dance form is that, while Ghunghroos (Bells) glorify the classical dances of
India, they are not worn in Manipuri.
9T
tr-5O 7N0U7O3Q1T
Sattriya
The national dance-drama of Assam is called Sattriya. Sangeet Natak Akademi designated Sattriya as Classical Dance in
2000. The present form of Sattriya is credited to Srimanta Sankaradev, a saint and scholar of the Bhakti Movement who
lived in the 15th century. It is influenced by Vaishnavism. In Hindu monasteries known as "Sattra," the Vaishnav Bhakti
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Movement has been growing since the 15th century. The dance community halls (namghar) of monastery temples are
known as sattras. Today, it is well-liked everywhere.
Recent Obituaries
1. Dr. Kanak Rele: A world-renowned Mohiniyattam dancer who died on February 22, 2023 at the age of 85 in Mumbai.
Dr. Kanak Rele (1937 - 2023) was an Indian dancer, choreographer, and academic. She was best known as an
exponent of Mohiniyattam. She was the founder-director of the Nalanda Dance Research Centre and the founder-
principal of the Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya in Mumbai.
Rele was born in Gujarat. She was introduced to Kathakali at a young age by the renowned Kathakali guru Panchali
Karunakara Panikkar. She later took lessons in Mohiniyattam from Kalamandalam Rajalakshmi.
2. V Hari Moorthy: A talented dance costume designer and tailor who died on July 18, 2023 in Chennai at the age of
37.
3. Valmiki Banerjee: Veteran dancer-choreographer nonagenarian guru VALMIKI BANERJEE passed away on June 25,
o m
2023 at his home in Delhi at 11.20am. He was 97. He taught nearly every early dancer of Delhi in the 1950s-1970s. He
was a pioneer who loved dance and went to Kerala to learn from Guru Gopinath and hailing from Bengal, he taught
c
.
ballet and tried long and hard to establish Rabindra Natyam, as a classical form. He was possessed with this cause.
He tried very hard to get it recognition and acceptance as a 9th classical form but none of the agencies or institutions
rs
helped his cause. He leaves behind his daughters Nupur and Jhumur, sons Partho and Tanmoy and many students
in three generations. His principal disciple and right hand, Nancy Sahu served him like a daughter in his end years.
4.
k e
Ramchandra Manjhi: A folk dance exponent who passed away on 7 September 2022. Ramchandra Manjhi was an
Indian Bhojpuri folk dancer and theatre artist who is famous as a Launda Naach performer. He was one of the
an
members of Bhikhari Thakur's drama team and was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 2017 and was
awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2021.
r
p
5. Ron Smedley: A folk dance contributor who died at the age of 92.
6.
o
Manipuri dancer and teacher RAJKUMAR ACHOUBA SINGH, also known as Achoubisana (born on 5 December
T
1936) passed away on August 19, 2023 at his Loklaobung residence. Singh, who is credited with several books and
articles on Manipuri culture, was a former Principal of the Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy, Imphal, and
Shree Shree Govindajee Temple Board ‘Bor Senapati.’ A holder of post graduate degrees in Raas and Lai Haraoba,
he was also a visiting teacher at the Government Dance College, Imphal. He was honoured with the Padma Shri
(2010) and the Manipur State Award.
7. Bharatanatyam dancer RATHI KARTHIGESU passed away on August 7, 2023 in Singapore, at the age of 87.
Considered to be an early pioneer in the establishment of the Indian fine arts scene in Singapore, her legacy spans
over more than three decades from the late 1950s. She briefly served as the Singapore Indian Fine Arts Society’s
vice-president. Known for her philanthropy, she donated a collection of rare Indian sculptures in dancing poses to
the National Heritage Board of Singapore following which she received a Patron of Heritage award. She was a great
support to emerging artistes and she shared her talent through benefit dances across countries.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
3Q1T 9T
211. How many Classical dance forms are there in India 5O7N0U7O
213. tr-Which of the following dance forms originated in
as per the records of the Ministry of Culture? Andhra Pradesh?
0B7F3D1E9E
5I7ESix
tr-(a) (b) Seven (a) Kuchipudi (b) Bharatnatyam
(c) Eight (d) Nine (c) Sattriya (d) Kathakali
212. Which of the following Rasanubhuti stands for 214. Dr. Kanak Rele practiced which of the following
disgust? 3Q1T9T
dance forms?
(a) Adbhoot tr-5O7N0U7O
(b) Bhayanak (a) Odissi (b) Bharatnatyam
(c) Bhibhats (d) Hasya (c) Kathakali (d) Kathak
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215. Who among the following was a Bharatnatyam (c) Rathi Karthigesu
dancer? (d) None of the above.
(a) Rajkumar Achouba Singh
(b) Kanak Rele
SOUTH CHINA SEA ISSUE-PHILIPPINES

Why in News?
The Philippines has accused China of several actions in the South China Sea, including:
 Installing a "floating barrier" that prevents Filipinos from fishing in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
 Blocking the Philippines from resupplying marines on the BRP Sierra Madre, a military outpost in the South China
Sea.
m
 Using a water cannon to block a Philippine vessel.
 Carrying out "dangerous maneuvers" in a disputed area.
The South China Sea Dispute

Contesting Island Claims:
.c o
rs
 China, Taiwan, and Vietnam each have a claim to the Paracel Islands.
 China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Brunei, and the Philippines all assert their ownership over the Spratly Islands.
 Philippines, China, and Taiwan all claim ownership of the Scarborough Shoal.
k e
China claims that since 2010, it has created artificial islets out of uninhabited islets in order to bring them under
UNCLOS (examples include Haven Reef, Johnson South Reef, and Fiery Cross Reef).
has built airstrips on Parcel and Spratly.
r n
By altering their physical land features, China has been altering the size and structure of the reefs. Additionally, it
a
Chinese fishing fleets work for the government as paramilitaries rather than as commercial fishing companies.
p
The US strongly condemns China's construction of artificial islands and refer to it as erecting a "great wall of sand."
Other problems include:
History of the Dispute To

 The South China Sea's unclear geographic boundaries.
 Disagreement over the methods of resolving disputes.
 The issue is intricate and multifaceted due to the various histories of remote, largely deserted oceanic archipelagoes.
Despite historical records showing that France had control over some of those islands before their colonial possessions
fell into the hands of the Japanese, the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy claimed that these islands were unclaimed
when they had used several of them for military purposes at the height of World War II. The 1951 Treaty of San Francisco
required Imperial Japan to cede all land it had seized as a result of the war. Throughout the 1951 treaty negotiations, the
People's Republic of China raised a number of claims about the islands.
Chinese claims in the South China sea are described in part by the nine-dash line. Originally an “eleven-dashed-line,”
this line was first indicated by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China in 1947, for its claims to the South
China Sea. When the Communist Party of China took over mainland China and formed the People’s Republic of China
in 1949, the line was adopted and revised to nine dashes/dots, as endorsed by Zhou Enlai. China’s 1958 declaration
described China’s claims in the South China Sea islands based on the nine-dotted line map. The legacy of the nine-dash
line is viewed by some PRC government officials, and by the PRC military, as providing historical support for their
9T
tr- 5O 7N0U7O3Q1T
claims to the South China Sea.
The Geneva Accords of 1954, which ended the First Indo-China War, gave South Vietnam control of the Vietnamese
1E9E
5I7E0B7F3Dsouth
tr-territories of the 17th Parallel, which included the islands in the Paracels and Spratlys. Two years later the North
Vietnamese government claimed that the People’s Republic of China is the lawful claimant of the islands, while South
Vietnam took control of the Paracel Islands.
The Position of India 3Q1T9T

tr-5O7N0U7O
 India has insisted that it is not a party to the SCS dispute and that its presence there is not intended to restrain
China but rather to protect its own economic interests, particularly its demands for energy security.
 India has had to reconsider its stance on the matter as a result of China's growing power to make decisions and
increase its influence in the South China Sea.
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 India has begun internationalizing issues in the Indo-Pacific region as a crucial component of the Act East Policy
to counter China's threatening strategies in SCS.
 In addition, India is forging close ties with Southeast Asia by drawing on its Buddhist heritage.
 In order to secure maritime lines of communication (SLOC), India has also stationed its fleet alongside Vietnam in
the South China maritime, denying China any room for assertiveness.
 Additionally, India is a key player in the Indo-Pacific storyline and a member of the Quad initiative (US, Japan,
Australia, and India). China sees these activities as part of its containment plan.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
216. Which of the following countries has recently

entered into a dispute with China concerning the 219. What is the term used by the US to describe the
artificial barrier created by China that prevents the assertion of China in the SCS by way of creation of
natives of that country from fishing into the EEZ? Artificial Islands?
(a) Vietnam
(c) Brunei
(b) India
(d) Philippines
m
(a) Great wall of sand
o
(b) Giant wall of sand
(c) Giant wall of reef
c
.
217. Which of the following is not a claimant to the Parcel (d) Great wall of China
rs
Islands in the South China Sea?
(a) Vietnam (b) China 220. Which of the following countries is a member of the
(c) Philippines (d) Taiwan QUAD initiative?
218. When was the Treaty of San Francisco signed?
k e (a) Japan
(c) US
(b) China
(d) India
n
(a) 1947 (b) 1949
(c) 1950 (d) 1951
p r a
RBI TO DISCONTINUE I-CRR
Why in News?
To
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) discontinued the Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) in three stages, beginning
September 9, 2023. The RBI released 25% of the I-CRR on September 9 and September 23, with the entire I-CRR removed
by October 7.
The RBI prescribed the I-CRR as a temporary measure last month to impound banks' surplus liquidity. The decision to
discontinue the I-CRR came after a careful assessment of current and evolving liquidity conditions in the financial
market.
Schedule for releasing amount under I-CRR

 25% of funds maintained by lenders under the I-CRR on September 9, 2023.
 Another 25% on September 23, 2023.
 The balance of 50% on October 7, 2023.
What is I-CRR?
Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (ICRR) is a mechanism that central tr-5Obanks
7N0U7Ouse to9Tregulate cash reserves when there is
3Q1T
excess liquidity in the financial system. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) implemented ICRR in August 2023.
ICRR is an1Eadditional
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
9E measure to the standard Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR). CRR is a minimum fraction of customer
deposits that commercial banks must hold as reserves in cash or as deposits with the central bank.
The RBI required all scheduled banks to maintain an ICRR of 10% on the increase in their Net Demand and Time
Liabilities (NDTL) between May 19 and July 28, 2023. The RBI discontinued ICRR in a phased manner.
The RBI previously used ICRR in 2016 when the system was flooded with higher liquidity due to demonetization.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
What is CRR?
 The CRR is the ratio of the amount of money that must be retained in reserves to all deposits made to the bank.
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 All banks in India must deposit CRR funds with the RBI, with the exception of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and
Local Area Banks (LABs).
 According to the RBI Act of 1934, RRBs and LABs are exempt from keeping CRR with the RBI. They must, however,
keep CRR on hand for themselves in the form of cash, gold, or unencumbered authorized securities.
 Banks cannot utilize the CRR funds for investment reasons, they cannot lend the funds to businesses or private
borrowers, and they cannot get interest on the funds.
Current CRR in India

 The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) in India in 2023 is 4.5%.
 The CRR is a key part of the RBI's monetary policy.
 It's the portion of deposits that banks must keep with the RBI.
 The CRR has been 4.5% since May 21, 2022.
 The CRR averaged 5.18% from 1999 to 2023. It reached an all-time high of 10.50% in March 1999 and a record low of
3.00% in April 2020.
How does ICRR affect the banks?
c
CRR can tie up bank resources and put upward pressure on market rates. The RBI Governor said that the ICRR measure
o m
.
would absorb over Rs 1 lakh crore of excess liquidity from the banking system.
rs
ICRR can affect banks in the following ways:
 Lending capacity - A higher CRR means banks must maintain more cash with the central bank, which reduces their
e
lending capacity.
 Money supply - An increased CRR decreases money supply and increases interest rates on home loans and car loans.
ICRR mandate.
an k
 Liquidity - The banking system's liquidity temporarily turned into a deficit on August 21, 2023, as a result of the
r
About the Reserve Bank of India
In compliance with the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, the Reserve Bank of India was founded on
April 1st, 1935.
o p
The Reserve Bank's Central Office was initially built in Calcutta but was eventually relocated permanently to Mumbai
in 1937. The Governor sits at the Central Office, which is also where policies are created.
T
The Reserve Bank was initially privately owned, but since being nationalized in 1949, the Indian government has full
ownership of the institution.
 Current governor of RBI – Shaktikanta Das
 First Governor of RBI – Sir Osborne Smith
 First Indian Governor of RBI – CD Deshmukh
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
221. In how many stages has the RBI decided to 223. What is the CRR in India for the year 2023?
discontinue the I-CRR? (a) 2% (b) 3.7%
(a) Two (b) Three (c) 4.1% (d) 4.5%
(c) Five (d) Six
224. When was the Reserve Bank of India founded?
222. When was the I-CRR last used by the Reserve Bank (a) 1919 (b) 1934
of India? (c) 1935
7N 0U 7O 3Q 1T9T (d) 1947
tr-5O
(a) 2012 (b) 2014
(c) 2016
7F 3D 1E 9E (d) 2019 225. Who is the current governor of the RBI?
tr-5I7E0B
(a) Amitabh Kant (b) Shaktikanta Das
(c) CD Deskhmukh (d) None of the above.
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tr-5O7N0U7O
INDIA’S FISCAL DEFICIT

Why in News?
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India's fiscal deficit was 6.06 lakh crore rupees in April-July 2023, which is 33.9% of annual estimates. This is a 78%
increase from the previous year. The government's target is to reduce the deficit to 4.5% of GDP by 2025-26.
In 2022-23, the deficit was expected to be 6.4% of GDP. In 2021-22, it was 6.7% of GDP. The government's goal is to
narrow the deficit to 5.9% of GDP in the current fiscal year.
What is Fiscal Deficit?

 The difference between the government's total outlays and its total receipts (excluding of borrowings) is known as
the fiscal deficit.
 It is stated as a percentage of the nation's GDP and serves as a measure of how much the government must borrow
to fund its activities.
The government's deficit for April-July 2023 was 34% of the budget estimate.
Advantages and Disadvantages

 Encouraging the government to use underused resources, which can create jobs and increase earnings.
 Helping a slow economy, especially if the money is spent on productive assets that create investment and job
opportunities.
 Stabilizing the economy during economic downturns.
c o m
.
However, long-term deficits can harm the economy's overall expansion. Other disadvantages of deficits include:
rs
 Lower economic growth rates
 Devaluation of the domestic currency
 Reduced company share value
 Putting a company out of business
k e
n
Types of Fiscal Deficit
1. Budgetary deficit: The difference between all receipts and expenses in both revenue and capital account of the
government.
r a
2. Budget deficit: The excess of total expenditure over total revenues.
p
3. Revenue deficit: When revenue expenditure is reduced by revenue receipts.
o
4. Primary deficit: When the fiscal deficit is reduced by the payment of interest.
5. Cyclical deficits: When an economy is not performing well because of a down business cycle.
T
Ways of Financing a Fiscal Deficit
 Borrowing from the public and foreign governments
 Withdrawing cash balances from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
 Borrowing from the RBI
India’s Forex Reserves

India's foreign exchange (forex) reserves were $590.702 billion on September 29, 2023. This was a decrease of $2.335
billion from the previous week.
India's forex reserves reached an all-time high of $642.453 billion on September 8, 2021. In June 2021, India's forex
reserves crossed the $600 billion mark for the first time.
India's forex reserves are made up of:

 Foreign currency assets
 Gold tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1T9T
 Special drawing rights (SDRs)
tr-5I7EReserve
9E
0B7F3D1Etranche position
The tea industry is India's largest foreign exchange earner.
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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226. What has been India’s Fiscal deficit in the month of 228. In which of the following years did India’s forex
April-Juli 2023 as a percentage of the annual reserves reach at an all-time high?
estimates? (a) 2016 (b) 2019
(a) 21.3% (b) 33.9% (c) 2021 (d) 2022
(c) 48.6% (d) 64.2%
229. Which Industry is India’s largest foreign exchange
227. What is the term used for ‘The excess of total earner?
expenditure over total revenues’?. (a) Spices (b) Cotton
(a) Budgetary Deficit (c) Coal (d) Tea
(b) Budget Deficit
(c) Revenue Deficit 230. To what extent does the government plan on
(d) Cyclic Defict decreasing the fiscal deficit for the current year?
(a) 5.9% (b) 6.4%
(c) 6.7% (d) 7.8%
18TH G20 SUMMIT IN NEW DELHI
c o m
Why in News?
rs .
The 18th G20 Summit was held in New Delhi, India on September 9–10, 2023. It was the first time India hosted the G20
e
Leaders' Summit. The summit's theme was "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam", which means "The world is one family".
About the Summit
n k
 "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," which translates to "The world is one family," served as the summit's theme.
a
 The Global Biofuel Alliance was established, and the G20 Leaders' New Delhi Declaration addressed a wide range
r
of global challenges, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, sustainable development, food security,
and these tensions.
Key Outcomes of the Summit
o p
 Admitting the African Union as a permanent member of the G20
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 Committing to mainstream Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE)
 Implementing sustainable energy transitions
 Providing sustainable finance
 Reaffirming the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
 Addressing plastic pollution
 Preserving the ocean-based economy
 Emphasizing digital infrastructure
 Highlighting the human suffering and negative impacts of the war in Ukraine
Central Agenda included

 Economic and financial sectors.
 Climate action and energy transitions.
 Technological transformation through Digital Public Infrastructure.
 Reform of international financial institutions, trade, and taxation. 0U7O3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N
 Securing gender equality and empowerment of “all”.
The summit 1Ewas
9E hosted by the Indian G20 presidency. Prime Minister Narendra Modi handed over the G20 Presidency
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
gavel to Lula da Silva, the President of Brazil.
Global Biofuel Alliance

The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is an initiative by India as the G20 Chair. The GBA's goal is to accelerate the global
adoption of biofuels. The GBA aims to do this3Qby:
tr-5O7N0U7O
1T9T
 Facilitating technology advancements
 Intensifying the use of sustainable biofuels
 Shaping robust standard setting and certification.
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 Facilitating collaboration.
 Supporting sustainable biofuel development
 Sharing policy insights
 Building capacity
 Reshaping perception
 Boosting global trade
The GBA was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on September 9. It gathered support from 19 countries and
international organizations.
The GBA brings together biofuel producers and consumers to strengthen global biofuels trade. The GBA was first
proposed at India Energy Week in February.
IMEC corridor
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is a planned economic corridor that connects India with
markets in the Middle East and Europe. The IMEC was announced at the 2023 G20 Summit. It represents half the global
economy and 40% of the world's population.
The IMEC comprises two distinct routes:
 East Corridor: Connects India to the Arabian Gulf
c o m
 Northern Corridor: Connects the Arabian Gulf to Europe
rs .
The IMEC is significant from an infrastructure and connectivity perspective, as well as from a geopolitical angle.
The IMEC was established by a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between the Governments of:
e
India, The US, Saudi Arabia, The European Union, The UAE, France, Germany, Italy.
Some say that the IMEC is not close to being a "rival" to China's Belt and Road.
About G20
n k
 The European Union (EU), and 19 other nations make up the G20, sometimes known as the Group of Twenty.
a
 Most of the world's main economies, both industrialized and developing countries, are represented by the G20,
p r
which also comprises 75-80% of global trade, two-thirds of the world's population, and nearly half of its land area.
 In 1999, the G20 was established in response to various global economic crises.
o
 It has met at least once a year since 2008, with summits attended by the heads of state or government, the finance
minister, the foreign minister, and other top officials from each member; the European Union is represented by the
T
European Commission and the European Central Bank.
 The G20 doesn't have a permanent staff or secretariat.
 For the duration of their term, the current chair creates a temporary secretariat to oversee the group's activities and
plan meetings.
 India and Brazil will host the summits in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
 The heads of a number of other international organizations and forums attend G20 meetings in addition to these
20 members.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
231. How many times has India hosted the G20 summit (a) France (b) United Kingdom
before 2023? (c) Brazil (d) None of the above
(a) None (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Five 234. Which of the following countries initiated the Global
5O7N0U7O 3Q1T9T
tr-Bio-fuel alliance?
232. Which of the following entity has been admitted as (a) India (b) US
tr-the 7F3D1E9E
permanent
5I7E0B member in the G20 in its 18th (c) Germany (d) Brazil
Summit?
(a) European Union (b) Australia
(c) Brazil (d) African Union
235. The G20 was established in which of the following
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O years?
233. Which of the following nations took over the (a) 1995 (b) 1999
Presidency of the next G20 summit from India? (c) 2001 (d) 2008
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20TH ASEAN-INDIA SUMMIT AND THE 18TH EAST ASIA SUMMIT
Why in News?
The 20th ASEAN-India Summit and the 18th East Asia Summit (EAS) were both held in Jakarta on September 7, 2023.
The Indian Prime Minister attended both summits.
About the Summit
 The summit was chaired by Joko Widodo, the President of Indonesia.
 The summit was attended by ASEAN member states.
 The summit's key highlights included:
Establishing a multi-modal connectivity and economic corridor that links South-East Asia-India-West Asia-Europe.
Offering to share India's Digital Public Infrastructure Stack with ASEAN partners.
m
Key Highlights of the Summit
 Establishing a multi-modal connectivity and economic corridor that links South-East Asia, India, West Asia, and
Europe
 Offering to share India's Digital Public Infrastructure Stack with ASEAN partners
 The Prime Minister of India presented a 12-point proposal to enhance India-ASEAN collaboration
.c o
rs
 Encouraging innovation in Blue Economy through activities such as holding hackathons, start-up festivals, and joint
research
 Encouraging sustainable and eco-tourism while promoting cruise and sea-based tourism
k e
 The Prime Minister highlighted the significance of a free and open Indo-Pacific and the importance of amplifying
the voices of the Global South
 The 18th East Asia Summit
an
 The summit was attended by eighteen participating countries, including ten ASEAN member states.
r
 The summit is the only leaders-led mechanism for dialogue and cooperation on strategic matters in the Indo-Pacific.
p
The 18 members of the East Asean Summit include:
ASEAN countries
To
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Dialogue partners
Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia, and the United States.
The United States and the Russian Federation joined the EAS at the 6th summit in 2011.
India and EAS
 India was a founding member of the EAS in 2005.
 The first EAS was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on December 14, 2005.
 India has participated in all EAS meetings and activities.
 The Indian Prime Minister has attended all EAS summits.
About EAS
 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) led the creation of the EAS in 2005.
 In the Indo-Pacific, the EAS is the sole leader-led conference that brings together all significant partners to talk
about crucial political, security, and economic concerns. tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1T9T
 The openness, inclusivity, respect for international law, ASEAN centrality, and ASEAN's function as the driving
force are the guiding principles of the EAS.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
 Mahathir Mohamad, the prime minister of Malaysia at the time, first suggested an East Asia Grouping in 1991.
 On December 14, 2005, the first summit took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
About ASEAN
 In response to escalating tensions among the post-colonial states of the Asia-Pacific, a regional organization called
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded to advance political and social stability.
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 "One Vision, One Identity, One Community" is the ASEAN motto.
 ASEAN Day is observed on August 8.
 Jakarta, Indonesia hosts the ASEAN Secretariat.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
236. Where was the 20th ASEAN summit and 18th EAS 238. Which of the following is not a dialogue partner in
Summit hosted? the East Asia Summit?
(a) Bali (b) Jakarta (a) Australia
(c) Paris (d) New Delhi (b) New Zealand
(c) Malaysia
237. How many members are there in the ASEAN? (d) The Republic of Korea
(a) 8 (b) 9
(c) 10 (d) 11 239. When is the ASEAN Day observed?
(a) August 8
(c) September 9
c o m
(b) August 22
(d) October 10
.
240. In which of the years did the first East Asia Summit
rs
take place?
(a) 2002 (b) 2005
(c) 2007 (d) 2010
k e
Why in news?
r an ADITYA L1
o p
Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space based observatory to study the Sun from a halo orbit around first Sun-Earth Lagrangian
point (L1), which is located roughly 1.5 million km from earth.
What is Aditya L1 mission?
T
 Aditya-L1 is a satellite dedicated to the comprehensive study of the Sun.
 It has 7 distinct payloads developed, all developed indigenously. Five by ISRO and two by Indian academic institutes
in collaboration with ISRO.
 Aditya in Sanskrit means the Sun. L1 here refers to Lagrange Point 1 of the Sun-Earth system. For common
understanding, L1 is a location in space where the gravitational forces of two celestial bodies, such as the Sun and
Earth, are in equilibrium.
 This allows an object placed there to remain relatively stable with respect to both celestial bodies. The spacecraft
shall be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million
km from the Earth.
 A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun
without any occultation/eclipses. This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect
on space weather in real time.
 The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57) successfully launched the Aditya-L1 spacecraft, from the Second
3Q1T9T
Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota. tr-5O7N0U7O
 After a flight duration of 63 minutes and 20 seconds, Aditya-L1 spacecraft was successfully injected into an elliptical
9E
0B7F3D
tr-5I7Eorbit of1E235x19500 km around the Earth.
Objectives
The major science objectives of Aditya-L1 mission are:
 Study of Solar upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics.
 Study of chromospheric and coronal 7O3Q1T9T
heating,
tr-5O7N0U physics of the partially ionized plasma, initiation of the coronal mass
ejections, and flares
 Observe the in-situ particle and plasma environment providing data for the study of particle dynamics from the
Sun.
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 Physics of solar corona and its heating mechanism.
 Diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loops plasma: Temperature, velocity and density.
 Development, dynamics and origin of CMEs.
 Identify the sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers (chromosphere, base and extended corona) which
eventually leads to solar eruptive events.
 Magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona .
 Drivers for space weather (origin, composition and dynamics of solar wind .
Aditya L1 Payloads
 The Aditya-L1 mission carries a suit of seven scientific payloads to carry out systematic study of the Sun.
 The Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) studies the solar corona and dynamics of Coronal Mass Ejections.
 The Solar Ultra-violet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) payload images the Solar Photosphere and Chromosphere in near
Ultra-violet (UV) and also measures the solar irradiance variations in near UV.
 The Aditya Solar wind Particle EXperiment (ASPEX) and Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya (PAPA) payloads study
m
the solar wind and energetic ions, as well as their energy distribution.
 The Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) and The High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS)
studies the X-ray flares from the Sun over a wide X-ray energy range.
 The Magnetometer payload is capable of measuring interplanetary magnetic fields at the L1 point.
 The science payloads of Aditya-L1 are indigenously developed by different laboratories in the country.
.c o
rs
 The VELC instrument is developed at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore;
 SUIT instrument at Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics , Pune; ASPEX instrument at Physical
Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad;
e
 PAPA payload at Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram;
k
 SoLEXS and HEL1OS payloads at U R Rao Satellite Centre, Bangalore, and the Magnetometer payload at the
Laboratory for Electro Optics Systems, Bangalore.
an
 All the payloads are developed with the close collaboration of various centres of ISRO.
Recent mission by ISRO
r
roving on the lunar surface.
o p
 Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and
 It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.
T
 The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit.
 The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral
and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.
 Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission and second attempt at achieving a soft landing on the moon's surface.
 Being the first mission to soft-land on the lunar south pole, an area that has never been explored, Chandrayaan-3
has made history.
 The mission's objectives were to show off rover mobility, a gentle and secure lunar landing, and in-situ scientific
research.
 India is now one of just a handful of nations to have successfully landed on the moon, joining the US, Russia, and
China.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
241. Which of the following was ISRO’s first space based

astronomy mission ? tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1T9T
(a) Chandrayaan 1 (b) Mangalyaan
(c) Aditya
5I7E0B7F3D L1
1E 9E (d) Astrosat 243. The spacecraft of the Aditya L1 mission is to be
tr-
placed in a halo orbit around which point of the Sun-
Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the
Earth?
(a) Lagrange point (b) stellar point
242. The spacecraft in Aditya L1 mission 9T
tr-5O7Ncarries
0U7O3Q1Thow (c) Lengrage point (d) cosmic point
many payloads?
(a) two (b) three
(c) Seven (d) Six
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244. Which of the following launch vehicle was used to 245. Which of the following countries has not
launch the Aditya L1 mission? successfully landed on the moon?
(a) PSLV C- 57 (a) India (b) B.USA
(b) PSLV C- 43 (c) Russia (d) Japan
(c) GSLV MK III
(d) GSLV-F11
GLOBAL STOCKTAKE REPORT

Why in news?
Ahead of the just concluded G-20 summit, that saw several world leaders converge in New Delhi, the United Nations
climate secretariat made public a ‘synthesis report’ on the results of three meetings held so far to discuss progress
achieved by countries in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement of 2015.
What is Global Stocktake report?
c o m
.
 The Paris Agreement’s Global Stocktake process is designed to assess the global response to the climate crisis every
rs
five years, with the first-ever Stocktake slated to conclude during this year's UN climate conference (COP28) in
December.
 The report released by Intergovernmental panel on climate change evaluates the world's progress on slashing
climate crisis.
k e
greenhouse gas emissions, building resilience to climate impacts, and securing finance and support to address the
 The synthesis report ties into a larger exercise called the ‘global stocktake,’ that is expected to take place once in
five years.
an
 In 2015, when countries committed in Paris to keep global temperatures from rising beyond 2 degrees Celsius by
r
the end of the century and “as far as possible” below 1.5 degrees Celsius, they also agreed to periodically review, or
p
take stock of efforts, made by individual countries in containing greenhouse gases and transitioning their fossil-fuel
dependent energy systems to renewable sources.
o
 The first report this year is expected to significantly influence discussions in November when country
representatives converge in Dubai for the 28th edition of the UN climate Conference of Parties (COP) in November.
T
 While countries have laid out their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), they are expected to — but not
obliged to — increase their ambitions every five years.
 While the latest NDC were submitted in 2020, a stocktake also aims to push countries to set higher targets before
the next NDCs are publicised in 2025.
What are the findings of the report?

 The 45-page report lays out 17 ‘key findings’ that overall suggests that the world is not on track to achieve Paris
Agreement targets, though there was still a “rapidly narrowing” window for countries to get their act together
 In terms of new information, the synthesis report isn’t a significant update on the UN synthesis report of 2022,
released ahead of COP 27 in Egypt, where the NDCs of 166 countries were analysed to conclude that they were
inadequate to meet Paris-agreed targets.
 The United Nations Emissions Gap Report, also released last year, reported that 23 billion tonnes of CO2 were
required to be cut to keep emissions in line with Paris agreements, This too has been highlighted in the latest
synthesis report.
 These 17 headline statements say that the Paris Agreement hastr-galvanised countries
5O7N0U7O3Q
1T9T into setting goals and signalling
the urgency of the climate crisis.
 It stated
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
that much more ambition was needed to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030 and
1E9E
further by 60% in 2035 and reach net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 globally.
India and climate change 3Q1T9T

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 India at the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Glasgow, United Kingdom, expressed to intensify its climate action by
presenting to the world five nectar elements (Panchamrit) of India’s climate action.
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 This update to India’s existing NDC translates the ‘Panchamrit’ announced at COP 26 into enhanced climate targets.
The update is also a step towards achieving India’s long term goal of reaching net-zero by 2070.
 Earlier, India submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to UNFCCC on October 2, 2015.
 The 2015 NDC comprised eight goals; three of these have quantitative targets upto 2030 namely, cumulative electric
power installed capacity from non-fossil sources to reach 40%; reduce the emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35
percent compared to 2005 levels and creation of additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent
through additional forest and tree cover.
As per the updated NDC, India now stands committed to reduce Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030,
from 2005 level and achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based
energy resources by 2030.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
246. Conference of Parties 28 which is to take place in (c) Climate Action Network
m
December in which city? (d) Greenpeace
(a) Dubai (b) Geneva
(c) Stockholm (d) Budapest
247. Nationally Determined Contributions were last
.c o
249. Which of the following is the not one of the top four
emitters of green house gases according to the
Emission gap report 2022?
rs
submitted by the countries in which year? (a) China (b) Russia
(a) 2018 (b) 2019 (c) India (d) European Union
(c) 2020 (d) 2021
248. The Global Staketake Report is released by which
k e
250. Which protocol/ convention has been superseded by
the Paris Agreement that was signed in the year
environmental organisation? (current affairs,
environment – climate change, reports, easy)
(a) Intergovernmental panel on climate change
(b) United Nations Framework Convention on
r an 2015?
(a) Montreal Protocol
(b) Kyoto Protocol
(c) Stockholm convention
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
o p (d) Vienna convention
T
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
w 6390573333
78
ANSWER KEY &EXPLANATIONS
1. (a) India is currently the third-largest producer of e- most relevant international agreement on cybercrime
waste in the world, after the US and China. In India, and electronic evidence. The Budapest Convention is
the amount of e-waste has significantly increased, another name for the Council of Europe's (CoE)
reaching 1.6 million tonnes in 2021–22. More than Cybercrime Convention. It became operative in 2004
60% of the nation's e-waste is produced by 65 Indian and was available for signature in 2001.The
cities, while 70% is produced by 10 states. convention is the first multilateral international
2. (a) The Indian Cellular and Electronics Association agreement on cybercrime that has legal force. It
(ICEA) on August 28 released a report on ‘Pathways makes certain cybercrime behaviours illegal and
to Circular Economy in Indian Electronics Sector,’ facilitates national-state cybercrime investigations.
following a government effort with NITI Aayog to 12. (a) The earthquake's potential for destruction was
explore opportunities to harness e-waste. increased by the fact that it happened so close to the
3. (a) In Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, the nation's first e-waste Earth's surface. Due to their proximity to the Earth's
m
clinic has been established to separate, process, and surface, shallow earthquakes are riskier. They are
dispose of garbage from residential and business potentially more devastating because they produce
o
units. more energy than deeper quakes.
c
4. (c) A draught notification on extended producer 13. (d) Spain is located just over the Strait of Gibraltar from
.
responsibility (EPR) for waste oil was recently Morocco, which is located in western North Africa.
rs
released by the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Morocco is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the
Climate Change (MoEFCC).The E-Waste west and the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and it
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 were the first shares boundaries with Algeria to the east and
5.
set of regulations in India to introduce the idea of
EPR.
(a) Mobile phones have been the single largest
k
14.
e southeast, the Western Sahara to the south, and the
Western Sahara.
(b) Based on scientific information on seismicity,
n
contributor to the growth in electronics exports in the historical earthquakes, and the tectonic structure
last 15 months. At Rs 30,000 crore in Q1 of the current of the area, India has been categorised into four
6.
fiscal, mobile phones exports contributed 52% of the
total electronics exports from the country.
(c) The first to link environmental destruction to
genocide—now defined as an international crime—
p r a 15.
seismic zones (II, III, IV, and V).
(a) On January 26, 2001, a severe earthquake struck the
Indian state of Gujarat close to the Pakistani border.
On August 15, 1950, the India-China region was hit by
7.
o
was biologist Arthur Galston in 1970.
(b) The Stockholm Conference, which was held in
T
Stockholm in June 1972 and was attended by India in
order to take necessary action for the development of
the human environment, served as the impetus for
the EPA's passage. The Stockholm Conference's
resolutions are put into effect through the Act.
16.
the strongest earthquake ever recorded in India,
measuring 8.6 on the Richter scale.
(a) Oncologist Ravi Kannan, a recipient of India’s fourth-
highest civilian award Padma Shri and the director of
Assam’s Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre
(CCHRC), has been named one of the four winners of
the 2023 Ramon Magsaysay Award, Asia’s equivalent
8. (a) The First World Climate Conference (WCC) was a of the Nobel prize.
significant international event that took place in 17. (a) Established in 1957, the Ramon Magsaysay Award was
Geneva, Switzerland, from February 12 to February 23, founded to preserve former Phillippine President
1979. It was organized by the World Meteorological Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in
Organization (WMO) and marked the first global governance and idealism in a democratic society. It
gathering to address climate change and its potential was funded by the Rockefeller Brothers trustees with
impacts on a comprehensive scale. Philippine government's agreement. Ramon
9. (d) UNFCCC is the primary multilateral treaty governing Magsaysay was the third president of the Philippines
actions to combat climate after World War II. The foundation gives the prize to
change through adaptation and mitigation efforts Asians achieving excellence in their field. It has six
directed at control of emission of Green House Gases categories, five of which were discontinued in 2009.
5O7N
tr-(d) 0U7O3Q1T9T
(GHGs) that cause global warming The treaty sets 18. The honour is known throughout the world as the
limits on GHG emissions in countries, but these are Nobel Prize of Asia.
0B7F3D 1E9E
tr-5I7Enot binding and there are no enforcement 19. (b) Six categories, including "Government Service,"
mechanisms either. "Public Service," "Community Leadership,"
10. (c) The ICC is the world’s first permanent international "Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication
criminal court. According to the Rome Statute, the Arts," "Peace and International Understanding," and
following four crimes are under the purview of the "Emergent Leadership," were initially included in the
ICC: Genocide is a crime,Acts of5Oviolence against
3Q 1T9T prize. The Ramon Magsaysay Award, with the
tr- 7N0U7O
people, Crimes of war and Aggression-related crime exception of Emergent Leadership, is no longer
11. (a) The Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of granted in established Award categories as of 2009.
Europe was opened for signature in Budapest in 20. (c) No matter their ethnicity, gender, or religion,
November 2001. Fifteen years later, it remains the recipients of the Ramon Magsaysay Award have
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shown a great deal of spirit in their support of Asian app can withdraw money from any of their numerous
people. It bears the name Ramon Magsaysay after the bank accounts.
tragically murdered former president of the 30. (c) India has topped the list for digital payments and
Philippines in 1957. recorded 89.5 million transactions in 2022, according
The Ramon Magsaysay Award was created in 1957. to a report. According to the data provided by
Since 1858, the winners have received it each year. The MyGovIndia, the citizen engagement platform of
Ramon Magsaysay Awards have been referred to as Government of India, 46% of all real-time payments
"Asia's Nobel Prize." made worldwide in 2022 were made in India.
21. (b) Phase Il of the 21st edition of Varuna (Varuna-23) 31. (b) According to the Directorate General of Civil Aviation
bilateral exercise between Indian and French Navy (DGCA), only individuals holding a valid Remote
was conducted in the Arabian Sea. The exercise Pilot Certificate registered on the digital sky platform
witnessed participation of guided missile frigates, are authorized to operate unmanned aircraft systems
tanker, Maritime Patrol Aircraft and integral in India. However, for non-commercial drone use, no
helicopters from the two sides Remote Pilot Certificate is required for drones
22. (b) Indian & French Navy bilateral naval exercise was weighing up to 2kg.
initiated in 1993. The exercise was later christened as 32. (d) As per Drone Rules, 2021, any person who intends to
23.
'Varuna' in 2001 and has since become a hallmark of
robust India-France strategic bilateral relationship.
(c) The joint exercise Garuda between the air forces of
m
obtain the authorisation to establish a Remote Pilot
o
Training Organisation (RPTO) shall submit an
application to the Director General of Civil
c
.
France and India will give both nations a platform to Aviation in Form D5 on the Digital Sky
improve their operational capabilities and Platform, along with the specified fees. An Unmanned
rs
interoperability while also exchanging best practises. Aircraft Systems Promotion Council will be set up to
24. (a) For making decisions about new policies and capital facilitate a business-friendly regulatory regime
e
purchases for the three services (Army, Navy, and Air Import of drones to be regulated by Directorate
Force), as well as the Indian Coast Guard, DAC is the General of Foreign Trade.
25.
highest decision-making body in the Defence
Ministry. The head of the council is the minister of
defence.
(d) The International Solar Alliance (ISA) was
an k
33. (a) possible first-of-its-kind attack in the country in
which terrorists have used drones to target the Indian
Air Force (IAF) base in Jammu leading to minor
injuries to two IAF personnel.
established by France and India to promote solar
energy in underdeveloped nations. The French
p
President and Indian Prime Minister introduced it
r 34. (a) Ministry of Civil Aviation disbursed about Rs 30
crores during FY 2022-23 under PLI Scheme for
Drones and Drone Components. The Ministry of Civil
26.
To
during the United Nations Climate Change
Conference in Paris in November 2015. India's
Gurugram is home to its secretariat.
(b) India’s first UPI-ATM, a White Label ATM
(WLA) by Hitachi Payment Services in collaboration
with the National Payments Corporation of India
(NPCI), was introduced to enable seamless cash
35.
Aviation has disbursed an amount of Rs. 30 crores
(approximately) to the beneficiaries during FY 2022-
23 under the PLI Scheme for Drones and Drone
Components.
(a) 'Bharat Drone Shakti 2023' will be co-hosted by the
Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Drone Federation of
India at the IAF's airbase in Hindan, Ghaziabad. This
withdrawals without the need for physical ATM cards. event intends to promote the usage of drone
Transaction limit of up to ₹10,000 per technology across many industries while showcasing
transaction, aligned with existing UPI daily limits and the potential of the Indian drone industry.
issuer bank’s UPI-ATM transaction limits. 36. (d) It originates on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats
27. (b) Paytm Payments Bank has become the first platform in the southwest of the state of Karnataka, flows
to launch UPI LITE payments, to enable quick and southeast through Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, and
seamless transactions of up to ₹200 without having to then descends the Eastern Ghats in a succession of
enter a PIN to make a payment. UPI LITE, enabled by massive waterfalls before entering the Bay of Bengal
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), aids at Pondicherry.
users to carry out multiple small value UPI 37. (c) Karnataka started diverting water without Tamil
transactions without using a PIN. Nadu's permission
1T9T
in 1974, which is when the Cauvery
28. (d) NPCI was established in 2008 under the guidance and tr-5O7N 0U7O3Q
water conflict between the two states began. The
support of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was
1E9E
0B7F3DAssociation
tr-5I7EBank (IBA). NPCI is a not-for-profit established in 1990 to settle the dispute after a
company, and its ownership is shared by a consortium number of years.
of major banks in India 38. (d) Tamil Nadu contends that the Mekadatu dam would
29. (b) Hitachi Payment Services, a division of Hitachi have a severe impact on the state's agricultural
Limited, has opened India's first UPI ATM. In operations and water supplies by dramatically
collaboration with NPCI, Hitachi Payment Services
3Q 1T9T reducing the amount of water flowing downstream.
tr-5O7N0U7O
has introduced it. The cardless cash withdrawal Tamil Nadu relies on the Cauvery River as a major
option offered by UPI ATMs eliminates the need for water source to support its rural settlements and
carrying real debit or credit cards. Users of the UPI supply residents' drinking water needs.
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39. (a) Water, including water supply, irrigation, canal, country's leader for more than 40 years until his
drainage, embankments, water storage, and passing in 2009. Under the "Francafrique" system,
hydropower, is a topic covered by State List. Gabon maintained tight ties with France during his
40. (d) It is a revered river in southern India and is referred reign, getting financial favors in exchange for political
to as "Ponni" in Tamil. and military support. Despite being a significant oil
41. (c) The correct answer is option C. The military has taken producer, the World Bank estimates that a third of
control of Gabon, a nation in West Africa, making it Gabon's citizens are living in poverty. The seventh-
the seventh former French colony in the area to have largest oil producer in Africa is Gabon, a member of
a coup since 2020. Minutes after election results gave OPEC.
President Ali Bongo his third consecutive term in 46. (b) The correct answer is option B. The 19th Asian Games,
office, the coup was broadcast on national television. which were originally slated to take place in 2022 but
He requested his supporters to raise a fuss in his were postponed because to the Covid-19 outbreak,
defense after the army overthrew him in a coup and will now be held in Hangzhou, China, from
placed him under house arrest. The throngs of people September 23 to October 8, 2023.
that have filled the streets, however, have celebrated 47. (b) The correct answer is option B. The largest sporting
the coup. For more than 55 years, Bongo's family event in Asia is the Asian Games, which take place
dominated Gabon. He was accused of corruption,
holding fraudulent elections, and failing to distribute
more of the country's oil and mineral revenues to the
m
every four years. The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)
o
is in charge of organizing them. The rising sun with
interlocking rings serves as the emblem for the Asian
c
.
poor. Games. The International Olympic Committee
42. (a) The correct answer is option A. The Central African approves of it. A member of the Indian International
rs
oil-producing country of Gabon underwent a military Olympic Committee named Guru Dutt Sondhi
revolution. President Ali Bongo was put under home introduced the idea of the Asian Games as an athletic
e
arrest after being declared the winner of a event where all Asian nations might be represented
controversial election. Since 2020, there have been after the Second World War, when many Asian
seven coup attempts in West and Central Africa,
In addition to annulling election results and
an
continuing a regional trend of failed democratization.
dissolving governmental institutions, military leaders k

48.
countries won independence.
(b) The correct answer is option B. For the first time, two
different cities in the host nation hosted the Asian
Games in 2018. India's capital of New Delhi, which
announced the coup. When the officers declared
p
President Bongo's victory to be invalid, President
Bongo was placed under house arrest. General Brice
r holds the distinction of being the first country to host
the event, hosted the first Asian Games in 1951. India
came in second place in terms of overall medal count
43.
To
Oligui Nguema was chosen as the new leader by a
unanimous vote of the generals.
(d) The correct answer is option D. Following contested
elections in which President Ali Bongo Ondimba was
declared the winner, rebel officers seized control of
Gabon. The coup leaders detained one of President
Ali Bongo's sons for treason and put him under home 49.
in that particular year. From 1951 to 1978, the Asian
Games Federation oversaw the regulation of the Asian
Games. The Asian Games are governed by the
Olympic Council of Asia since 1982. The inaugural
mascot for the Asian Games was Appu, an Indian
elephant.
(a) The correct answer is option A. The robots Chenchen,
detention. All republican institutions are dissolved, Congcong, and Lianlaian are the 19th Asian Games'
elections are canceled, and borders are closed, mascots. "Eternal Flame" is the name of the torch for
according to officials. The institutional, political, the 19th Asian Games. The Liangzhu Culture of
economic, and social dimensions are all in critical ancient Chinese civilization served as an inspiration
trouble, according to the police. Claims that the for the design. Breaking (Breakdance) and esports are
elections lacked the inclusivity, legitimacy, and expected to make their debuts as recognized and
transparency that the electorate wanted. Mention of official sporting events.
unreliable and careless governance causing social 50. (d) The correct answer is option D. China has won the
unrest and decline. most medals out of the 44 countries that have so far
44. (a) The correct answer is option A. The former French competed in the Asian Games, followed by Japan and
colony of Gabon, which is bordered on all sides by the South Korea. Pakistan is not among the top ten
Atlantic Ocean, nevertheless has close ties to France tr-5O7N 0U7O3Q1T9T
countries, but India is ranked fourth in terms of
and the French language and culture. Libreville is the overall medals. The four-year continental multi-sport
0B7F3D1E9E
tr-5I7Enation's capital. Republic of Congo, Equatorial event known as the Asian Games, or Asiad, attracts
Guinea, and Cameroon are its neighbors on land. competitors from all around Asia. The Asian Games
There are 2.3 million people living in Gabon as of 2021, Federation (AGF) oversaw the competition from the
and 88% of the land is covered in forests. One of the first Games in New Delhi, India, to the 1978 Games.
greatest places to see wildlife in Gabon is the Loango 51. (b) The correct answer is option B. The Nipah Virus (NiV)
National Park, which is frequently 7N referred to9Tas
3Q1T infection is a recently discovered zoonosis that causes
tr-5O 0U7O
"Africa's last Eden." serious illness in both humans and animals, according
45. (d) The correct answer is option D. Since Gabon gained to the World Health Organization (WHO). An RNA
its independence from France in 1960, there have virus belonging to the genus Henipavirus is the Nipah
been few presidents, with Omar Bongo serving as the virus. The infection spreads quickly and is deadly.
w 6390573333
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With infected patients, the mortality rate can reach 60. (a) Self Respect Marriage sought to promote gender
70%. equality within marriage. It advocated for the rights
52. (a) The correct answer is option A. In 1998, the virus was of women, including their right to dissolve a
discovered for the first time in Singapore and marriage, remarry, and claim their rights in property.
Malaysia's Kampung Sungai Nipah. It was initially This was aimed at challenging patriarchal norms
brought on in pigs at the time, and from them, it within traditional Hindu marriages. The Self-Respect
spread to people. Fruit bats belonging to the Movement was also called the Dravidian Movement.
Pteropodidae Family, namely the species Pteropus, The movement demanded equal rights for the
are the virus's natural hosts, according to the World backward castes, with a focus on women’s rights. The
Health Organization. idea for this type of marriage emerged from the Self-
53. (d) Answer: The correct answer is option D. It is a Respect Movement.
zoonotic virus, meaning that it spreads from animals 61. (b) The Supreme Court granted the Plough poll symbol
to people. The Nipah virus, also known as the RNA to the Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
virus or ribonucleic acid virus, is closely related to the (JKNC).
Hendra virus and belongs to the family 62. (d) Each district council in an autonomous district under
Paramyxoviridae. In 1998 and 1999, Malaysia and the Sixth Schedule consists of 30 members.
Singapore experienced its initial outbreak. The
disease is called after the Malaysian village of Sungai
Nipah, where it was discovered for the first time.
63.
m
(b) The Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) as per the
o
Sixth Schedule are primarily established in the four
northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura,
c
.
Several domestic animal species, including dogs, cats, and Mizoram.
goats, horses, and sheep, have been found to have it, 64. (d) The Ladakh has a population of 1.33 lakh. The biggest
rs
including domestic pigs, which are where it first ethnic group is Buddhist having 77.30% of the
appeared.Fruit bats, sometimes known as "flying population followed by Muslims with
e
foxes," of the genus Pteropus, act as the disease's 13.78% and Hindus with 8.16%.
primary vectors because they serve as the Nipah and 65. (b) An order to strengthen the respective Hill
54.
Hendra viruses' natural reservoir hosts.
(b) The correct answer is option B. The World Health
Organization is a specialized agency of the United
an
Nations responsible for international public health. It k
66.
Development Councils Leh and Kargil, the LAHDC
Act, 1997 have been amended further in 2018 to give
them more powers
(d) During a special session of Parliament, there will be
p
regional offices and 150 field offices worldwide.
Founded: 7 April 1948 Headquarters: Geneva,
r
is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and has six
67.
no Question Hour, no Zero Hour, and no private
member business.
(d) The first time a Bill was discussed in a special session
55.
Switzerland.
o
(c) The correct answer is option C. The first Nipah Virus
T
outbreak occurred in Siliguri, India, in 2001, while the
second one occurred in Nadia, West Bengal, in 2007.
As soon as the Kerela outbreak in 2018 was contained
to Kerala's Kozhikode and Malappuram districts, it
was deemed to be over. In June 2019, there was
68.
of the Indian Parliament was in 2017 when the Goods
and Services Tax (GST) was rolled out.
(a) The Constitution does not mention the term “special
session.” Article 85(1) of the Indian Constitution
empowers the President to summon each House of
Parliament to meet at such time and place as they
think fit. Article 85(1) of the Indian Constitution
another instance in Kochi. specifies that there should not be more than a six-
56. (a) In 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu month gap between the last sitting of one session of
Amendment) Act, 1967, was passed, modifying the Parliament and the first sitting of the next session.
Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 by inserting Section 7-A. 69. (a) The special session of the Rajya Sabha was held in
This special provision legalised self-respect and February 1977 for the extension of President's Rule in
secular marriages between two Hindus who meet the Tamil Nadu and Nagaland.
minimum age requirement for marriage. 70. (c) The Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs is
57. (b) To provide legal recognition for self-respect responsible for determining the dates and duration of
marriages under Hindu law parliamentary sessions. The other options are not
The Madras Suyamariyathai Marriage Validation Bill factually accurate.
introduced in 1965 aimed to recognize self-respect 71. (a) Senior vice-president
9T Kalikesh Narayan Singh Deo on
marriages under Hindu law and validate them as tr-5O7N 0U7O3Q1Ttook
Thursday charge as National Rifle Association of
valid Hindu marriages. India (NRAI) president after 'incumbent' Raninder
58. 0B7F3D 1E9E Non-Conformist Marriage Registration
tr-(b)
5I7EThe 'Hindu Singh went on a "prolonged leave”.
Bill, 1954' introduced in the Madras government was 72. (c) In July 2022, the Central Consumer Protection
rejected by the same government on the ground that Authority (CCPA) had issued guidelines that
the Special Marriage Act 1954 would cover the restaurants or hotels should not automatically add
provisions for self-respect marriages. service charge to the bill or collect it from consumers
59. (a) Periyar E. V. Ramasamy lead the movement in Tamil
3Q1T 9T under any other name.
tr-5O7N0U7O
Nadu against Brahmanism. It was launched in 1925, it 73. (c) The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)
was the first self-respect marriage took place in 1928 is empowered under Section 18 of the Consumer
and was officiated by Periyar himself. Protection Act (CPA), 2019, to safeguard, promote,
and defend consumers' rights and prevent violations
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of their rights under the Act. CCPA is a regulatory 85. (a) Post State Reorganization in 1956, the remaining
authority set up under Section 10(1) of the Consumer Madras State was renamed to Tamil Nadu on January
Protection Act, 2019. 14, 1969.
74. (d) Consumers can take multiple actions, including 86. (c) They have rights in the property of any person other
complaining to the CCPA, requesting the than the parents.
establishment to remove the charge, and filing a 87. (b) Being a coparcener in Hindu law involves the
complaint with fundamental concept of acquiring an interest in
75. (c) The court has specified that the "staff contribution" ancestral property by birth.
should not be more than 10% of the total bill amount, 88. (c) The Dayabhaga school of law is primarily followed in
excluding GST. Bengal and Assam and is known for its distinct
76. (a) The Sachar Committee was a seven-member high- emphasis on property rights, unlike the Mitakshara
level committee established in March 2005 by former school, which is more widely followed in other parts
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. The of India.
committee was headed by former Chief Justice of 89. (a) The HMA deals with the registration of the marriage
Delhi High Court Rajinder Sachar to study the social, (after its solemnization) of a man and woman
economic and educational condition of Muslims in belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, or Jain
77.
India.
(d) MANF provided financial assistance for research
scholars pursuing M.Phil and Ph.D. degrees.
m
community. The inclusion of the other three religions
o
within the ambit of the term ‘Hindu’ is in pursuance
of the definition of the term under Article 25(2)(b) of
c
.
However, it was discontinued in 2022. the Indian Constitution.
78. (a) Naya Savera provided free coaching to minority 90. (b) The Supreme Court ruling clarifies that children born
rs
students for entrance to technical and professional out of void or voidable marriages can claim rights only
courses. To assist students/candidates belonging to in their parents' share of ancestral property, not in the
e
the six notified minority communities namely Sikh, entire HUF property.
Jain, Muslim, Christian, Buddhist and Parsi by way of 91. (a) The first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and State
special coaching for qualifying examinations for
admission in technical/professional courses and
competitive examinations for recruitment to Group
an
Á, ‘B’, & ‘C’ services and other equivalent posts under k
92.
Legislative Assemblies were held simultaneously in
1951-52.
(a) Due to the premature dissolution of some Legislative
Assemblies in 1968 and 1969, the cycle got disrupted.
79.
the Central and State Governments including public
sector undertakings, banks and railways.
p
(c) Muslims constitute 14.2% of the religious minority
r 93.
94.
(c) BP Jeevan Reddy advocated the idea of conducting
simultaneous elections in India in 1999.
(b) Justice B. S. Chauhan headed the Law Commission
80.
81.
the mentioned groups.
To
population in India, making them the largest among
(c) scholarship was for meritorious girls for higher

secondary education and was provided by the
Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF). The
scholarship had zero allocation this year.
(b) The 58th Amendment in 1987 addressed issues related
95.
and reported that simultaneous elections are not
feasible within the existing framework of the
Constitution.
(a) Article 356 was invoked to dismiss the Kerala
government in 1959, to dismiss the then-Kerala
government, leading to the disruption of
simultaneous elections.
to the use of Hindi and English in official documents 96. (a) Article 72 of the Constitution empowers the President
and legal proceedings. This Amendment came with to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of
the provision for the authoritative text of the punishment.
constitution in the Hindi language and made sure to 97. (d) Convicts can file a mercy petition under the BNSS
give equal legal sacredness to the Hindi version of the system when the Jail Superintendent informs them
text. about the dismissal of their appeal by the Supreme
82. (a) The old name before changing to the "Democratic Court or the confirmation of the death sentence by
Republic of the Congo" in 1997 was "Zaire. The name the High Court, along with the expiration of time to
change aimed to distance the country from the appeal.
authoritarian rule of Mobutu Sese Seko. The new 98. (c) In cases with multiple convicts, the superintendent
name emphasised the return to a democratic system ensures all convicts file a mercy petition within 60
3Q1T9T
0U7Ounder
of governance tr-5O7N
days the BNSS system. If any convict doesn’t
83. (b) The Supreme Court has rejected pleas to rename comply, the superintendent forwards their details and
0B7F3Dto 9E
1E'Bharat'
tr-5I7E'India' twice, once in 2016 and then in 2020, case records to the Central or State Government for
reaffirming that "Bharat" and "India" both find consideration.
mention in the Constitution. 99. (b) Section 473 of the BNSS Bill proposes that no appeal
84. (d) The Uttar Pradesh Assembly passed a resolution in shall lie in any court against the order of the President
2004 regarding the amendment of the Constitution's made under Article 72 of the Constitution, and it shall
wording. While then Chief Minister 7N Mulayam Singh
3Q1T 9T be final.
tr-5O 0U7O
Yadav moved the resolution, it was adopted 100. (b) The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal
unanimously when the Bharatiya Janata Party, which code of India, and it was drafted in the year 1860. This
was in then in the opposition, walked out before the drafting took place in the wake of the first law
resolution was passed.
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commission established in 1834 under the Charter Act (COP28) to the United Nations Framework
of 1833. Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).
101. (a) Najat Vallaud-Belkacem is a former Moroccan-French 116. (c) Sri Govinda Bagawathpadar taught various vedas to
jurist and politician of the Socialist Party who was the Sri Sankara. He also taught about Advaita.
first French woman to serve as Minister of Education, 117. (c) The 'Statue of Unity' was built to commemorate
Higher Education, and Research in the governments Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He was the first Deputy
of successive Prime Ministers Manuel Valls and Prime Minister and Home Minister of independent
Bernard Cazeneuve from 2014 until 2017. India.
102. (d) Laïcité, a product of the struggle of anti-clerical 118. (b) The name 'Omkareshwar' is derived from the shape of
Republicans against the power of the Catholic the island, which resembles the sacred syllable 'Om',
Church, was an abstract idea following the French and its name means 'the Lord of Omkara'
Revolution in 1789. However, the concept of Laïcité 119. (d) Originally, there were believed to have been 64
began to take concrete shape in France with the jyotirlingas of which twelve are considered to be very
passage of The Law of 1905, which established state- auspicious and holy.
run secular schools and formalized the principle of 120. (b) Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel is an Indian statesman
separation of Church and State. who is the current and 19th Governor of Madhya
103. (c) The primary goal of Laïcité is to separate the State and
Church and replace religious values in the public
sphere with secular values such as liberty, equality,
121.
Pradesh.
o m
(d) The Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak was the founder of
Sikhism and was the first of the human Sikh gurus.
c
.
and fraternity. 122. (c) Operation Blue Star was an Indian Armed Forces
104. (c) Gabriel Attal is a French politician of the Renaissance operation between 1 and 10 June 1984 to remove Sikh
rs
party who has served as Minister of National militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and other Sikh
Education and Youth in the government of Prime separatists from the buildings of the Golden Temple,
e
Minister Élisabeth Borne since July 2023. the holiest site of Sikhism
105. (c) Article 51A i.e., Fundamental Duties obliges all the 123. (b) Aroor Singh was the founder of Khalistan liberation
citizens to promote harmony and the spirit of
common brotherhood and to value and preserve the
rich heritage of our composite culture. It is a
fundamental duty and hence, unenforceable in the
an k
124.
125.
force.
(d) Anandpur Sahib Resolution demanded autonomy for
the state of Punjab.
(d) Bhagwant Singh Mann is an Indian politician, social
106.
court of law.
p
(d) The 1st Filmfare Awards were held on 21 March 1954,
honoring the best in Hindi cinema in 1953.
r worker, former comedian, singer and actor who is
currently serving as the 17th Chief minister of Punjab
since 2022.
107.
108.
109.
T
Firingee and Chiriyakhana.o
(c) The first actor to win Best Actress Award was Nargis
for her performance in Raat Aur Din.
(d) Uttam Kumar won the Best Actor Award for Antony
(b) The Union Information and Broadcasting Ministry

has appointed Prasoon Joshi. He replaced the Pahlaj
Nihalani and shall have a tenure of three years.
126.
127.
(d) Justin Trudeau is the current prime minister, who
took office on November 4, 2015.
(d) In Canada, four key agencies are involved with the
Five Eyes, these are Communications Security
Establishment (CSE), The RCMP (Royal Canadian
Mounted Police), Canadian Security Intelligence
Service (CSIS),Canadian Forces Intelligence
110. (b) The 53rd Dadasaheb Phalke Award will be given to Command.
Waheeda Rehman, whose radiant beauty and superb 128. (a) The treaty called the British-U.S. Communication
acting skills made her a favorite of generations of Intelligence Agreement is now known as the UKUSA
moviegoers. Agreement.
111. (c) Secretary-General calls Climate Ambition Summit 129. (d) Britain, Russia, and USA were on the Allied side - they
'Climate Hope Summit', and urges 'First- Doers' to fought against Germany and won the war.
Take No Prisoners, and achieve 1.5°C Limit. 130. (a) The United Nations is an international organization
112. (d) António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres is a Portuguese founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51
politician and diplomat. Since 2017, he has served as countries committed to maintaining international
secretary-general of the United Nations, the ninth peace and security, developing friendly relations
person to hold this title. among nations
1T9T
and promoting social progress, better
113. (c) In 2023, the 28th session of the Conference of the tr-5O7N 0U7O3Q
living standards and human rights.
Parties (COP28) to the UN Framework Convention on 131. (d) Sam Pitroda is Known as the father of the Yellow
0B7F3D1E 9E
tr-5I7EClimate Change (UNFCCC) will be held at Expo City, Revolution in India. Yellow Revolution targets nine
Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). oilseeds that are groundnut, mustard, soybean,
114. (b) “Integrity Matters” is a report published by United safflower, sesame, sunflower, niger, linseed, and
Nations’ High-Level Expert Group on the Net Zero castor.
Emissions Commitments of Non-State Entities. 132. (d) Mahalingam Govindaraj, Senior Scientist for Crop
115. (d) The United Nations Climate Ambition7NSummit (CAS)
3Q1T 9T Development with Harvest Plus at the Alliance of
tr-5O 0U7O
held in United Nations Headquarters, New York on Bioversity International and CIAT, has been named as
20th September 2023, aimed to accelerate climate the 2022 recipient of the Norman E. Borlaug Award
action as a prelude to the 28th Conference of Parties for Field Research and Application.
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133. (a) Terry Branstad is President of the World Food Prize The President of the Under-Graduate Medical
Foundation, based in Des Moines. The World Food Education Board.
Prize is critically acclaimed for its ongoing efforts to The President of the Post-Graduate Medical
eradicate hunger around the world. Education Board.
134. (c) M. S. Swaminathan is the main architect or the Father The President of the Medical Assessment and Rating
of the Green Revolution in India. Board.
135. (b) The boom of export and production of meat in India is The President of the Ethics and Medical Registration
the period of the Pink Revolution. It denotes the Board.
technological revolution in the poultry and meat The Director General of Health Services, Directorate
processing sector. General of Health Services, New Delhi.
136. (c) The current chairman of ISRO is S. Somanath. He is The Director General, Indian Council of Medical
also one of the brains behind India's vision to land on Research.
the moon and took charge of the Chandrayaan 3 Director of any of the All India Institutes of Medical
mission. Sciences.
137. (b) JAXA is Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. On 1 Two persons from amongst the Directors of
October 2003, three organizations were merged to Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and
form the new JAXA: Japan's Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Aerospace
Laboratory of Japan (NAL), and National Space
m
Research, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
o
Medical Education and Research, Tata Memorial
Hospital, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional
c
.
Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, and All
138. (b) SpaceX became the first private company to launch India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health.
rs
people (human spaceflight) into orbit. One person to represent the Ministry of Health and
139. (d) A Space System Design Lab has been inaugurated in Family Welfare.
e
Ahmedabad, Gujarat recently. It aims to promote 151. (c) Nukuʻalofa is the capital and largest city of Tonga.
growth and increase contribution of private sector 152. (b) The volcano was featured in a segment of the
140.
141.
space firms in India.
(d) Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization
Centre was founded in 2020.
(c) The Insurance Regulatory and Development
an k
153.
television program Angry Planet in 2009.
(d) Vulcan is the god of fire including the fire of
volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in
ancient Roman religion and myth.
p r
Authority India (IRDA) is vigilant and progressive and
is determined to achieve its mission of ‘Insurance for
all by 2047’, with aggressive plans to address the
154. (c) A stratovolcano is also known as a composite volcano.
It is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata)
of hardened lava and tephra.
142.
143.
industry’s challenges.
o
(b) Shri Debasish Panda is an officer of Indian
T
Administrative Service of 1987 batch of Uttar Pradesh
cadre. His home State is Odisha. He joined as
Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority of India on 14th March 2022.
(c) The government raised FDI in insurance under the
155.
156.
157.
(a) The crater is the bowl shaped opening located at the
top of the volcano.
(c) Women's Reservation Bill is also known as the
Constitution 108th Amendment Act and Nari Shakti
Vandan Adhiniyam
(c) Sucheta Kripalani was an Indian freedom fighter and
politician. She was India's first female Chief Minister,
automatic route to 74% from 49% in 2021. serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government
144. (b) In November 2021, the Indian government signed an from 1963 to 1967.
agreement with the World Bank for a US$ 40 million 158. (a) India has ranked at 127 out of 146 countries in terms
project to advance the qualities of health services in of gender parity — an improvement of eight places
Meghalaya, including the state’s health insurance from last year — according to the World Economic
programme. Forum’s annual Gender Gap Report, 2023.
145. (b) Nirmala Sitharaman is an Indian economist, 159. (a) The Delimitation Commission headed by Justice
politician and a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Ranjana Prakash Desai, (a retired Judge of the
Party serving as the Minister of Finance and Minister Supreme Court of India) and Sh. Sushil Chandra,
of Corporate Affairs of the Government of India since (Chief Election Commissioner) and Sh. K. K. Sharma,
2019. (State Election
1T9T
Commissioner, Union Territory of
146. (b) Dr. Suresh Chandra Sharma is the current chairman tr-5O7N 0U7O3Qand
Jammu Kashmir), as Ex-Officio members of the
of National Medical Commission. Delimitation Commission mettoday to finalise the
147. 0B7F3D 1E9E
tr-(a)
5I7EThe NITI Aayog recommended the replacement of Delimitation Order for the Union Territory of Jammu
Medical Council of India (MCI) with National Medical & Kashmir.
Commission (NMC). 160. (a) Smriti Zubin Irani has been Minister of Women and
148. (b) The Minister of Health and Family Welfare holds Child Development since 2019, and also Minister of
cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. Minority Affairs since 2022 (as the first non-Muslim
The current minister is Mansukh L. Mandaviya 3Q1T9T to hold the position).
tr-5O7N0U7O
149. (d) The National Medical Commission has its head 161. (b) The PM Vishwakarma Yojana has been allocated a
quarter in New Delhi. budget ranging from Rs 13,000 crore for five financial
150. (d) There are following 10 ex officio member in National years from 2023-2024 to 2027-2028.
Medical Commission
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162. (c) The union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium seven satellites and a network of ground stations
Enterprises is Narayan Rane. operating round the clock.
163. (a) The Centre's PM Vishwakarma scheme, was 177. (c) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology,
announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on the Government of India is responsible for electronics
occasion of Independence Day which was formally and IT.
launched on Vishwakarma Jayanti. 178. (a) GLONASS is a Russian satellite navigation system
164. (a) The USTTAD scheme aims at upgrading the skills of operating as part of a radionavigation- satellite
traditional artisans and craftsmen. The trained service.
artisans will further train the youth belonging to the 179. (a) Galileo is Europe's own global navigation satellite
minority community in several specific traditional system, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed
arts and crafts. global positioning service under civilian control.
165. (b) The Government e Marketplace is an online platform 180. (d) Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
for public procurement in India. The initiative was Trade (DPIIT) has launched a project on Open
launched on August 9, 2016, by the Ministry of Network for Digital Commerce.
Commerce and Industry, Government of India with 181. (a) The Place de Fontenoy in Paris is home to UNESCO's
the objective to create an open and transparent Headquarters. Inaugurated on November 3, 1958, it is
166.
procurement platform for government buyers.
(d) World Patient Safety Day, observed annually on 17
September, aims to raise global awareness about
182.
m
today the Organisation's main building.
o
(b) The 45th session of the World Heritage Committee
(WHC) took place in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
c
.
patient safety and call for solidarity and united action concluding on September 25.
by all countries and international partners to reduce 183. (a) The Empire State Building is located in Midtown
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patient harm. Manhattan in New York City.
167. (b) The current director-general of World Health 184. (d) The monuments at Hampi were listed between 1999
e
Organisation is Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who and 2006 due to risks from increased traffic and new
was appointed on 1 July 2017. constructions in surroundings.
168.
169.
(c) Dr Henrietta Hughes OBE appointed as the first ever
Patient Safety Commissioner for England.
(b) The World Health Organization (WHO) is a
specialized agency of the United Nations responsible
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185. (b) The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim
art in India and one of the universally admired
masterpieces of the world's heritage".
150 field offices worldwide.
p r
for international public health. It is headquartered in
Geneva, Switzerland and has six regional offices and
186. (c) Ilham Heydar oghlu Aliyev is an Azerbaijani politician
serving as the fourth president of Azerbaijan since 31
October 2003.
170.
171.
o
(c) “First, do no harm” is the most fundamental principle
of any health care service. No one should be harmed
T
in health care; however, there is compelling evidence
of a huge burden of avoidable patient harm globally
across the developed and developing health care
systems.
(c) Arjun Munda is an Indian politician. He is the current
187.
188.
189.
190.
(b) Vahagn Khachaturyan has been serving as president
since 13 March 2022.
(a) Baku, the capital and commercial hub of Azerbaijan
(a) The demand to unify with Armenia, which began
anew in 1988, began in a relatively peaceful manner,
and ended in 1994.
(b) Azeri President Ilham Aliyev said that his country's
Minister of Tribal Affairs in the Second Modi forces had taken Shusha, the second-largest city in
ministry. the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.
172. (d) Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated 191. (b) Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister, Sukhvinder Singh
the National Sickle Cell Anemia Eradication Sukhu, requested Prime Minister Narendra Modi to
Mission(NSCAEM) 2047 in Shahdol, Madhya declare the state's rain calamity a national disaster.
Pradesh. 192. (a) The NDRF was established in 2005 by the Disaster
173. (c) The program is executed in a mission mode as part of Management Act (DMA). It was initially called the
the National Health Mission (NHM), aims to National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF).
eliminate sickle cell genetic transmission showing a 193. (d) 28th September is celebrated as the Foundation Day
long-term commitment to eradicating the disease. of the National Disaster Management Authority.
174. (b) The government is committed to eliminate the 194. (d) In May 1T2016,
9T a Central Sector Scheme called the
disease before India celebrates it’s Amrit Kaal in 2047 tr-5O7N 0U7O3QMitra
Aapada was introduced.
175. (a) It is implemented in 17 high-focus states across the 195. (c) The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
9E program aims to improve the care and
0B7F3D1Ethis
tr-5I7Ecountry, (NPDRR) is a multi-stakeholder platform established
prospects of all sickle cell disease patients while by the Government of India in 2013.
reducing the prevalence of the disease. The 17 states 196. (b) Unable to limit the cultivation of cannabis, the
are- Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Himachal government is considering legalising it for
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, boosting revenue and economy. CM Sukhvinder
Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh,
3Q1T9T Singh Sukhu said a panel will explore this possibility
tr-5O7N0U7O
Karnataka, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Bihar, and based on legal framework, as hemp also has medicinal
Uttarakhand. and industrial uses.
176. (b) NavIC has been developed by the Indian Space 197. (d) Uttarakhand was the first state in India to legalize
Research Organisation (ISRO). It is a constellation of cannabis cultivation in 2017. The cultivation of
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industrial and medical cannabis is legal in 215. (c) Bharatanatyam dancer RATHI KARTHIGESU passed
Uttarakhand. Controlled cultivation is also allowed in away on August 7, 2023 in Singapore, at the age of 87.
some districts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar 216. (d) The Philippines has accused China of several actions
Pradesh, and Jammu. in the South China Sea, including:
198. (c) The NDPS Act was passed on November 14, 1985. Installing a "floating barrier" that prevents Filipinos
199. (d) All of the above. The NDPS Act covers the following from fishing in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
drugs: Coca leaf, Cannabis (hemp, Opium, Poppy 217. (c) China, Taiwan, and Vietnam each have a claim to the
straw, Coca derivatives. Paracel Islands.
200. (d) In 2016, the "Financial Assistance to States for 218. (d) The 1951 Treaty of San Francisco required Imperial
Narcotics Control" plan was reinstituted along with Japan to cede all land it had seized as a result of the
the creation of the Narco-Coordination Centre war.
(NCORD). 219. (a) The US strongly condemns China's construction of
201. (c) In line with the federal spirit of the Constitution and artificial islands and refer to it as erecting a "great wall
to avoid centralisation in education, the West Bengal of sand."
government has developed the State Education 220. (b) Additionally, India is a key player in the Indo-Pacific
Policy, 2023, which recommends a three-language storyline and a member of the Quad initiative (US,
202.
formula for Classes 5 to 8, emphasizing Bengali.
(a) 5+4+2+2 pattern: The state will continue the existing
5+4+2+2 pattern for school education. 221.
m
Japan, Australia, and India). China sees these
o
activities as part of its containment plan.
(b) The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) discontinued the
c
.
203. (c) The first National Education Policy (NPE) was Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) in three
introduced by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. This stages, beginning September 9, 2023.
rs
policy emphasized compulsory education for children 222. (c) The RBI previously used ICRR in 2016 when the
up to the age of 14. system was flooded with higher liquidity due to
e
204. (c) Operation Blackboard (1987) demonetization.
205. (d) All of the above. The National Education Policy 2020 223. (d) The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) in India in 2023 is 4.5%.
206.
(NEP 2020) is based on five guiding pillars: Access,
Equity, Quality, Affordability, Accountability.
(c) The survey ranked 131 cities in India based on their
implementation of City Action Plans. The plans were
an k
224.
225.
(c) In compliance with the guidelines of the Reserve Bank
of India Act, 1934, the Reserve Bank of India was
founded on April 1st, 1935.
(b) Current governor of RBI – Shaktikanta Das
p
(NCAP). The NCAP aims to reduce air pollution by
40% by 2025-26.
r
created as part of the National Clean Air Programme 226.
227.
(b) India's fiscal deficit was 6.06 lakh crore rupees in
April-July 2023, which is 33.9% of annual estimates.
(b) Budget deficit: The excess of total expenditure over
207.



Control of biomass
To
(b) The SVS 2023 was based on self-assessments
submitted by 131 cities. The assessment report was
based on eight parameters, including:

Municipal solid waste burning
Road dust
Dust from construction and demolition waste
228.
229.
total revenues.
(c) India's forex reserves reached an all-time high of
$642.453 billion on September 8, 2021. In June 2021,
India's forex reserves crossed the $600 billion mark
for the first time.
(d) The tea industry is India's largest foreign exchange
earner.
 Vehicular emissions 230. (a) The government's goal is to narrow the deficit to 5.9%
 Industrial emissions of GDP in the current fiscal year.
 Public awareness 231. (a) The 18th G20 Summit was held in New Delhi, India on
 Improvement in PM10 concentration September 9–10, 2023. It was the first time India
208. (a) Indore hosted the G20 Leaders' Summit.
209. (c) The third category (less than 3 lakhs population) was 232. (d) Admitting the African Union as a permanent member
led by Parwanoo, Kala Amb, and Angul. of the G20.
210. (b) The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a 233. (c) Prime Minister Narendra Modi handed over the G20
pollution control initiative launched in January 2019 Presidency gavel to Lula da Silva, the President of
by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Brazil.
Change (MoEFCC). 234. (a) The Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) is an initiative by
3Q1T9T
0U7Oas
tr-5O7N
India the G20 Chair.
211. (d) According to the Government of India's Ministry of
Culture,1Ethere are nine classical dances. 235. (b) In 1999, the G20 was established in response to
0B7F3D 9E
5I7EBhibhats
tr-(c) various global economic crises.
212.
213. (a) The Kuchipudi is a well-known dance-drama style 236. (b) The 20th ASEAN-India Summit and the 18th East
that has its roots in the Krishna district of Andhra Asia Summit (EAS) were both held in Jakarta on
Pradesh, where it was first performed in the third September 7, 2023.
century BCE. 237. (c) Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
214. (c) Rele was born in Gujarat. She tr-was 0U7O3Q1T9Tto Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
5O7Nintroduced
Kathakali at a young age by the renowned Kathakali Vietnam.
guru Panchali Karunakara Panikkar. She later took 238. (c) Dialogue partners – Australia, China, India, Japan,
lessons in Mohiniyattam from Kalamandalam New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia, and the
Rajalakshmi. United States.
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239. (a) ASEAN Day is observed on August 8. moon's surface. Being the first mission to soft-land
240. (b) On December 14, 2005, the first summit took place in on the lunar south pole, an area that has never been
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. explored, Chandrayaan-3 has made history. India is
241. (d) AstroSat is the first dedicated Indian astronomy now one of just a handful of nations to have
mission aimed at studying celestial sources in X-ray, successfully landed on the moon, joining the US,
optical and UV spectral bands simultaneously. The Russia, and China.
payloads cover the energy bands of Ultraviolet (Near 246. (a) In 2023, the 28th session of the Conference of the
and Far), limited optical and X-ray regime (0.3 keV to Parties (COP28) to the UN Framework Convention on
100keV). One of the unique features of AstroSat Climate Change (UNFCCC) will be held at Expo City,
mission is that it enables the simultaneous multi- Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
wavelength observations of various astronomical 247. (c) The most recent NDCs were filed in 2020, but a
objects with a single satellite. stocktake also attempts to encourage nations to
242. (b) The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the establish more ambitious goals before the next NDCs
photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost are released in 2025.
layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic 248. (a) The long-awaited technical report from the United
and particle detectors. Using the special vantage Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
point of L1, four payloads ABOUT ADITYA-L1 directly
view the Sun and the remaining three payloads carry
out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the
m
(UNFCCC) reviews progress made since the
o
ratification of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015
after a two-year evaluation of thousands of
c
.
Lagrange point L1. submissions from experts and leaders.
243. (d) Aditya in Sanskrit means the Sun. L1 here refers to 249. (b) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
rs
Lagrange Point 1 of the Sun-Earth system. For releases Emission Gap Report. It released the 13th
common understanding, L1 is a location in space edition of this report in 2022.The top four emitters
e
where the gravitational forces of two celestial bodies, US, EU , China and India The top four emitters are
such as the Sun and Earth, are in equilibrium. This responsible for 55 percent of the total
244.
allows an object placed there to remain relatively
stable with respect to both celestial bodies.
n
(a) On September 02, 2023, at 11.50 hrs, the Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57) successfully launched the
a k
250. (b)
emissions.International Transport, Japan, and Russia
are among the top seven emitters.78 percent of
emissions are produced by G20 participants.
Although the 1997 Kyoto Protocol also technically
245.
Aditya-L1 spacecraft, from the Second Launch Pad of
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota
(d) Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission and
p r remains in force, the Paris Agreement has, in effect,

superseded the Kyoto Protocol as the principal
regulatory instrument governing the global response
To
second attempt at achieving a soft landing on the to climate change.
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
3Q 1T9T
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IMPORTANT ONE LINERS FOR OLETs

NATIONAL
Piyush Goyal unveils statue of First Finance Minister of Independent India RK Shanmugam Chetty in
Coimbatore
 In an event organized by the South Indian Panchayat Association in Coimbatore, Piyush Goyal, the Union Minister of
Textiles, inaugurated the statue of RK Shanmugam Chetty, who served as the first Finance Minister of independent
India.
 Commencing the event, a statue paying homage to RK Shanmugam Chetty, a pivotal figure in India’s historical narrative
and a significant administrator within the South Indian Panchayat Association, was unveiled.
 This statue now resides within the esteemed confines of the South Indian Panchayat Sangha complex, situated in the
lasting homage to his enduring legacy, which remains a source of inspiration and guidance to this day.
c o m
Racecourse area of Coimbatore. This act not only served as a tribute to Chetty’s remarkable contributions but also as a
 Ramasamy Chetty Kandasamy Shanmukham Chetty, known as R.K. Shanmukham Chetty, was a prominent Indian
rs .
lawyer, economist, and politician who played a pivotal role in the early years of independent India. He held significant
positions in both government and academia during his distinguished career.

Cabinet okays Rs 5k cr PRIP scheme to boost research and innovation
k e
The Union Health Ministry has announced an ambitious plan to boost research and innovation in the pharmaceutical
n
and medtech sectors. To achieve this goal, they have introduced the Promotion of Research & Innovation in Pharma-
a
MedTech sector (PRIP) scheme, which has been approved by the Union Cabinet. The scheme was rolled out earlier this
r
month by the government with the belief that the Indian pharmaceutical industry has the potential to increase its
current 3.4 per cent share of the global market to 5 per cent by the year 2030.

o p
The Union Health Ministry has announced a plan to invest ₹700 crore in creating seven Centres of Excellence at various
National Institutes of Pharmaceutical, Education & Research (NIPER) to boost research and innovation in the pharma
and medtech sector.


T
The scheme, called Promotion of Research & Innovation in Pharma-MedTech sector (PRIP), will be launched in
September and will have a duration of five years, from 2023-24 to 2027-28.
The Centre will also provide ₹4,250 crore to support research in the private sector through milestone-based funding.
The Centre may also acquire equity stakes of 5-10% in these private entities in exchange for the funding.
The scheme aims to enhance the capacity of PSUs and encourage private sector participation in research.
Government To Celebrate Sixth Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2023 throughout September

 The Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrating the 6th Rashtriya Poshan Maah throughout September
2023. This year, the objective is to comprehensively tackle malnutrition through a life-cycle approach.
 The focal point of Poshan Maah 2023 is to cultivate widespread awareness concerning critical human life stages:
pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The aim is to foster nutritional understanding across India through a
theme centered on “Suposhit Bharat, Sakshar Bharat, Sashakt Bharat” (Nutrition-rich India, Educated India,
Empowered India).
 The Government of India’s flagship initiative, POSHAN Abhiyaan, has been instrumental in advancing nutritional
0U7O3Q1T 9T
outcomes for pregnant women, lactating mothers, adolescent girls,tr-and children
5O7N under 6 years of age in a comprehensive
manner.
 1E9E
5I7E0B7F3Dby
tr-Launched Hon’ble Prime Minister, POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) Abhiyaan
operates in mission mode to combat the challenge of malnutrition.
 During the 15th Financial Commission period, Poshan Abhiyaan, the Anganwadi Services Scheme, and the Scheme for
Adolescent Girls were aligned under Mission Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 to launch an integrated nutrition
support programme aimed at strengthening content,9T
delivery, outreach, and outcomes.
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Bhaderwah rajmash, Ramban Sulai honey get GI tag
 In a significant development for the region, Bhaderwah Rajmash and Sulai honey, both hailing from the picturesque
districts of Doda and Ramban in Jammu and Kashmir, have been granted coveted Geographical Indication (GI) tags.
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These tags serve as a testament to the unique qualities and characteristics of these local specialties and open up doors
for their promotion and recognition on an international scale.
 Bhaderwah Rajmash, often referred to as red beans holds a special place in the hearts and palates of those in the Chenab
Valley. With its distinct flavor and texture, this legume is not only a staple food item but also a cultural symbol of the
region.
India's largest home-built Kakrapar Nuclear Plant in Gujarat starts operations at full capacity, says PM Modi
 In a significant development for India’s energy sector, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the 700 MW
nuclear power plant located in Kakrapar, Gujarat, has commenced its operations at maximum capacity. This milestone
marks a pivotal moment in India’s quest for energy self-sufficiency and underscores the nation’s commitment to
harnessing indigenous nuclear technology.
 The Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP) had initiated its commercial operations on June 30, 2023, but initially
operated at only 90 percent of its capacity. On August 31, 2023, the plant finally achieved its full operational potential.
 The Kakrapar Nuclear Power Plant is a testament to India’s capability in developing and operating nuclear power

endeavor.
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is responsible for constructing two 700 MW pressurized heavy
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facilities entirely on its own. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) has been at the forefront of this
o
.
water reactors (PHWRs) at Kakrapar, Gujarat. Kakrapar is already home to two 220 MW power plants, and with the
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new 700 MW unit coming online, it strengthens India’s nuclear power generation capacity.
Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia Inaugurates Utkela Airport In Odisha With Maiden Flight

e
On August 31, 2023, Union Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia, accompanied by Gen Vijay Kumar Singh (Retd),
k
Minister of State for Civil Aviation, marked a significant milestone with the inauguration of Utkela Airport in Odisha.
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This development comes as part of the ambitious UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) scheme, aimed at enhancing
regional air connectivity across India.
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 a
The key highlight of this inauguration is the introduction of a direct flight route between Utkela and Bhubaneshwar.
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This air link promises to strengthen regional connectivity and stimulate economic growth within the region.
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Travel between Utkela and Bhubaneshwar will now be remarkably efficient, with the flight covering the distance in just
o
one hour and twenty minutes. Minister Scindia emphasized that this improved connectivity would catalyze economic
activities and create employment prospects in the area.
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Telangana to get India's first Gorilla Glass manufacturing facility
In a significant development for India’s electronics manufacturing sector, Corning Inc. is gearing up to establish its
cutting-edge Gorilla Glass manufacturing facility in Telangana. The proposed manufacturing unit will specialize in
producing cover glass for leading players in the smartphone market. The establishment of Corning Inc.’s Gorilla Glass
manufacturing facility in Telangana is poised to revolutionize India’s electronics manufacturing landscape.
 The ambitious project is set to become a reality with a proposed investment of Rs. 934 crore. Moreover, it promises to
create employment opportunities for over 800 individuals, thereby contributing significantly to the local economy. This
manufacturing facility holds the potential to be a pivotal force in propelling the smartphone manufacturing ecosystem
in Telangana and the wider nation.
 Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana, is garnering the attention of numerous electronics manufacturing giants as their
preferred hub. The state has already experienced substantial investments from industry leaders such as Foxconn earlier
this year. With the substantial capital infusion by Corning Inc. into Telangana, the nation is on the brink of a new era
in smartphone manufacturing, one that will impact not only the state but also resonate across the entirety of India.
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Tele-Law 2.0 unveiled by Law Minister
 tr-Access to3Djustice
5I7E0B7F 1E9E is a fundamental right that every citizen should enjoy, regardless of their geographical location or
socio-economic status. In a significant stride towards achieving this goal, the Union Minister of Law and Justice recently
launched Tele-Law 2.0, a revamped version of the Tele-Law program.
 This initiative, operating under the DISHA Scheme by the Department of Justice, Ministry of Law & Justice, aims to
provide free legal aid to the rural and marginalized sections of society through video conferencing.
 The Tele-Law program achieved atr-remarkable 1T9T
5O7N0U7O3Q milestone by successfully delivering 5 million legal consultations. This
achievement underscores the program’s unwavering commitment to making justice accessible to every corner of the
country, particularly in rural and remote areas.
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12-Foot Mahatma Gandhi Statue Unveiled By President Murmu At Rajghat
 In a momentous event that pays homage to the father of the nation, President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate a 12-
foot statue of Mahatma Gandhi and a ‘Gandhi Vatika’ near Rajghat on September 4.
 This initiative, organized by the Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti, carries immense significance as it coincides with
India’s celebration of 75 years of independence and its tenure as the G20 presidency. Let’s explore the details of this
event and its symbolic importance.
 The statue of Mahatma Gandhi, towering at 12 feet, will be unveiled at the entrance of the 45-acre Gandhi Darshan
complex.
 This complex is located near the memorial of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat, where the revered leader was cremated.
 The statue serves as a poignant tribute to the Father of the Nation, who played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for
independence through non-violent means.
Uttarakhand: CM Pushkar Singh Dhami releases logo, website of Global Investors summit in Dehradun
 Pushkar Singh Dhami, the Chief Minister of Uttarakhand, inaugurated the logo and website for the Investor Global
Summit set to take place in Dehradun on December 8-9, 2023. This summit is poised to explore investment
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opportunities across a wide range of sectors and holds the potential to usher in a significant transformation in the state’s
economic landscape.
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.
 Accompanying the logo unveiling was the launch of a dedicated website for the Investor Global Summit. This website
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serves as an information hub, offering insights into the state government’s policies and detailing the various sectors ripe
for investment. The website will play a pivotal role in attracting investors by providing them with comprehensive data
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and guidance on opportunities in Uttarakhand. It serves as a virtual gateway to the state’s promising prospects, enticing
potential investors to explore its untapped potential.
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NCERT gets Deemed-to-be-University status, says Education Minister
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In a significant development in the realm of education, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan announced on
a
September 1 that The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has been conferred with the

foundation day of NCERT in the national capital.
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status of a deemed university. This momentous announcement was made during an event commemorating the 63rd
o
The decision to grant NCERT the esteemed status of a deemed university marks a watershed moment in the evolution
of educational institutions in India.
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
T
This move recognizes the exceptional contributions of NCERT to the field of education and underscores its commitment
to excellence.
In addition to the prestigious status conferred upon NCERT, Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan called for the
integration of Bal Bhavans and Bal Vatika with NCERT.
This visionary step aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive educational experience to children, fostering their
overall development.
Gujarat Declaration focuses on global commitments towards indigenous knowledges & traditional medicine
 World Health Organization (WHO) has released the outcome document of first WHO Traditional Medicine Global
Summit 2023 in form of “Gujarat Declaration”.
 It is worth noting that first global summit on Traditional Medicine was organised by the WHO and co-hosted by the
Ministry of Ayush, from August 17-18, 2023, at Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
 The action points are based on the evidence, discussions and outcomes presented at the Summit. Deliberation were
done on varied topics like Health and well-being of people and the planet, research and evidence, universal health
coverage, primary health care and health systems, Data & routine 0U7O3Q1T9T systems, digital health frontiers,
tr-5O7Ninformation
biodiversity and sustainability, human rights, equity and ethics.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Himachal Pradesh plans policy to develop electric charging stations
 Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu has announced the Himachal Pradesh Government’s intention to implement a
robust policy aimed at fostering the growth of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure across the state. This policy
is designed to enhance accessibility, convenience, and employment prospects in the emerging e-mobility sector.
7N0U7O3Q 1T9T
 During a meeting in Shimla, Chieftr-5O
Minister Sukhu underscored that the policy would provide substantial incentives,
including a 50% subsidy, to private operators interested in establishing EV charging stations.
 He said, “The state administration is ready to introduce a comprehensive policy aimed at advancing the establishment
of EV charging stations within the state. This policy will encompass various aspects, such as accessibility, convenience,
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and the creation of job opportunities. Private operators will be encouraged through a 50% subsidy for the establishment
of EV charging stations.”
Himachal Pradesh CM launches SAMBAL Yojana to empower divyang children

 Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu on Monday launched the Mukhya Mantri Sporting Abilities,
Rebuilding Aspirations and Livelihood Scheme (SABAL) from his home assembly segment Nadaun in this district.
 The chief minister also announced to set up a 'Rajya Chayan Aayog' in place of the now-dissolved Himachal Pradesh
Staff Selection Commission in Hamirpur within the next two months to ensure fairness in the selection criteria of
candidates.
 The SABAL scheme intends to take care of specially-abled children in around 400 schools across Hamirpur, Solan and
Shimla districts.
 Sukhu said the Sabal Yojana is aimed at improving the lives of specially-abled children in the state. The initiative focuses
on providing essential facilities and opportunities for them, a statement issued here said.

Jal Jeevan Mission Achieves Milestone: 13 Crore Rural Households now have Tap Connections
o m
In a significant achievement, the Jal Jeevan Mission (J JM) has provided tap water connections to an impressive 13 crore
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rural households, marking a remarkable journey since its launch on India’s 73rd Independence Day, August 15, 2019.
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This mission, guided by the principles of speed and scale, has rapidly expanded access to clean water in rural areas,
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progressing from 3.23 crore households in August 2019 to the current milestone in just four years.
 Several states and union territories, including Goa, Telangana, Haryana, Gujarat, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,
e
Puducherry, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, have achieved 100% tap water
coverage.


households and public institutions receiving consistent and safe water supply.
k
Bihar and Mizoram are making substantial progress, nearing full coverage at 96.39% and 92.12%, respectively, with all
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Across the nation, 145 districts and 1,86,818 villages report 100% coverage, underscoring the mission’s wide-reaching
impact.
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
p r
Indian Scientists Unveil the World’s First Rapid-Response Disaster Hospital: Aarogya Maitri
o
India has unvieled the world’s first portable disaster hospital, a groundbreaking facility that can be airlifted and consists
of 72 cubes. This extraordinary endeavor is a component of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ambitious “Project
T
BHISHM” (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri), unveiled in February 2022. The project was officially
inaugurated during the MedTech Expo in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
 The heart of this innovative disaster hospital lies in its 72 cubes, each containing an array of essential equipment and
supplies. Among these are an operation theatre, a mini-ICU, ventilators, blood test equipment, an X-ray machine, a
cooking station, food, water, shelter, a power generator, and more. These cubes are ingeniously designed to provide
critical medical care and humanitarian aid in the wake of natural disasters and humanitarian crises.
 One of the most remarkable features of the Aarogya Maitri Cube is its ability to handle a wide range of severe injuries,
including 40 bullet injuries, 25 major burns, around 10 head injuries, long limb fractures, spinal injuries, chest injuries,
and spinal fractures. This versatile disaster hospital is engineered to address the diverse medical needs of survivors in
challenging conditions.
Govt OK's Rs 3,760 crore for 4,000 MWh battery energy storage system
 The Union Cabinet has given its nod to a groundbreaking scheme aimed at bolstering India’s renewable energy sector
by supporting the development of a 4 gigawatt (GW) battery energy storage system (BESS) by 2030-31. This scheme will
provide viability gap funding (VGF) to make battery storage moretr-economically 1T9T
5O7N0U7O3Q viable, with a focus on enhancing the
integration of solar and wind energy into the grid.
 tr-The VGF
5I7E0B scheme
7F3D 1E9E for BESS projects boasts an initial outlay of Rs 9,400 crore. It includes a budgetary grant of Rs 3,700
crore, showcasing a substantial government commitment to advancing energy storage technology.
 The VGF will be disbursed in five tranches, strategically linked to the various stages of BESS project implementation.
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West Bengal Assembly passes resolution declaring Rabindranath Tagore composition as state anthem
 The West Bengal assembly made a significant decision by passing a resolution to officially observe Bengali New Year’s
Day, known as Poila Baisakh, as the state’s foundation day on April 15th.
 This decision comes amid controversy and disagreements over the date chosen for this celebration. Chief Minister
Mamata Banerjee has been a strong advocate for this change, emphasizing that the day will be observed irrespective of
the approval of the state’s governor.
 The resolution, put forth under Rule 169, proposes the observance of Poila Baisakh as ‘Bangla Diwas’ and seeks to declare
Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore’s masterpiece, ‘Banglar Mati, Banglar Jol‘ (Bengal’s soil, Bengal’s water), as the
official state song. This historic decision was passed with a majority vote of 167 members in favor out of a total of 294
members in the House. However, not everyone in the assembly was in agreement.
India’s Kerala To Host Inaugural Zayed Charity Marathon in 2024

 The Higher Organising Committee of the Zayed Charity Marathon has announced a groundbreaking development for
India – the inaugural edition of the renowned marathon is set to take place in the vibrant state of Kerala in 2024. This

event marks a significant collaboration between Kerala State authorities and the Indian community residing in the
United Arab Emirates (UAE), strengthening the cultural and economic ties between the two regions.
c o m
The Zayed Charity Marathon is not just a sporting event; it’s a beacon of hope for charitable causes. Since its inception
.
in 2001 in Abu Dhabi, this marathon has been a platform for raising funds and spreading humanitarian and charitable
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messages that echo the legacy of the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Former President of the United Arab
Emirates. Sheikh Zayed’s philanthropic impact extended across the globe, including charitable and humanitarian
institutions in the United States and Egypt, and now, it’s set to reach India.

First-of-its-kind underground transformer inaugurated in Bengaluru’s Malleswaram
k e
n
In a groundbreaking moment for the city of Bengaluru, Energy Minister KJ George inaugurated the country’s inaugural
underground transformer center, a significant step towards modernizing the city’s power distribution infrastructure.

urban landscape.
p a
This monumental achievement reflects Bengaluru’s commitment to safety, reliability, and aesthetic enhancement of its
r
Located at 15th Avenue, Malleswaram, the underground transformer center is a collaborative effort between the
o
Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited (BESCOM) and the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). With
a budget of Rs 1.98 crore, this pioneering project boasts a 500 KVA capacity transformer. Historically, underground
T
power transformer stations have primarily been found in Western countries, where governments prioritize public
convenience and safety.
 To ensure the safety and convenience of Bengaluru’s residents, the underground center features a specially constructed
chamber beneath the earth’s surface. This chamber is reinforced with a 30 mm cement block, providing a stable
foundation for the electrical transformers. At a depth of 10 feet below the road’s surface, this innovative center sets new
standards in power distribution. While BESCOM handles the electrical aspects, BBMP is responsible for the civil works.
The station includes a 500 KVA capacity oil-free transformer, an 8-way solid-state ring main unit, a 5-way LT
distribution box, UPS, a water pump, and an air control system. BBMP contributed Rs 64 lakh to fund the civil works,
and the entire project was completed in just 365 days.
GI Tag Status Awarded To Salem Sago

 Salem district in the state of Tamil Nadu has gained acclaim for its sago production, which is widely recognized as
Sabudana. Salem Sago, locally known as Javvarisi, is derived from the wet starch powder extracted from tapioca roots.
Indian tapioca roots are known to contain approximately 30-35% starch content.
 Sago production has been a cornerstone of Salem’s economic development
tr-5O7N0U7O
since
3Q 1T9T1967. Currently, over 80% of sago in
India is produced in the Salem region, with a significant portion marketed through Sagoserve.
 tr-The request
5I7E0B7F3D1Efor
9E a Geographical Indication (GI) tag for Salem Sago (Javvarisi) was filed by the Salem Starch and Sago
Manufacturers Service Industrial Co-operative Society Limited, commonly known as Sagoserve.
 The GI tag can significantly boost business for farmers in the Salem region and the over-400 sago and starch units in
areas like Salem, Erode, Nammakal, and Dharmapuri. These regions have a long-standing tradition of sago production.
Indore tops clean air survey among 1T9T mn-plus people

tr-5O7Ncities
0U7O3Qwith
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ambitious plan to improve air quality in over 100 Indian cities through a holistic
approach has taken significant strides towards fruition. The recently released Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 (Clean Air
Survey) report, conducted by the Central Pollution Control Board, reveals that Indore, Amravati, and Parwanoo boast
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the cleanest air in India. These cities have diligently worked towards improving their air quality and have emerged as
leaders in the battle against air pollution.
 In cities with a population exceeding one million, Indore secured the top spot, followed by Agra and Thane. Bhopal, a
notable performer, stood fifth, while the national capital, Delhi, claimed the ninth spot. This ranking underscores the
effectiveness of localized efforts in combatting air pollution in densely populated urban areas.
 Madurai, Jammu, and Kohima face significant challenges in terms of air quality. According to the report, these cities
rank the lowest, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to address their air pollution issues. The
findings emphasize the importance of tailored action plans for cities struggling with deteriorating air quality.
J&K L-G inaugurates Bangus Valley Festival

 In a significant development, Jammu and Kashmir’s Lieutenant Governor, Manoj Sinha, inaugurated the much-
anticipated Bangus Valley Festival in the picturesque Kupwara district. The festival’s primary objective is to shed light
on the untapped rural and adventure tourism opportunities within the Bangus Valley.
 Speaking at the inauguration, L-G Manoj Sinha emphasized the festival’s role in promoting the rich tribal culture of this

arts and crafts, contributing to the preservation and propagation of indigenous heritage.
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L-G Manoj Sinha also highlighted the incredible diversity of experiences that Jammu and Kashmir offers to travelers.
m
offbeat destination. Furthermore, the festival provides a valuable platform for local artisans to exhibit their traditional
o
.
The region is a haven for adventure enthusiasts, food connoisseurs, pilgrims, and aficionados of traditional handicrafts.
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The state’s serene mountains and stunning natural beauty only add to its allure.
BRO to construct world's highest fighter airfield in Ladakh's Nyoma


e
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) is set to achieve a remarkable feat as it embarks on the construction of the world’s
k
highest fighter airfield at Nyoma in Ladakh. The foundation stone of this ambitious project is scheduled to be placed
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by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on September 12, 2023, at the Devak Bridge in Jammu. This endeavor signifies the
BRO’s dedication to strengthening India’s defense capabilities in a region of strategic importance.

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Nyoma stands as a prominent village situated in the southern region of Ladakh, India. It hosts an Indian Air Force Base
within the Leh district. Nyoma is notably home to an Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) established in 1962. Nyoma’s
elevation reaches an impressive 4,180 meters (13,710 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest-altitude locations
o
in the region.
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Tamil Nadu government all set to launch scheme granting monthly aid to over 1 crore women, ATM cards to
be issued
 In a groundbreaking move, the Tamil Nadu government is all set to launch the Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai
Thittam, the largest social welfare initiative aimed at providing monthly financial assistance. This scheme is set to
benefit over 1.06 crore eligible women who are the heads of their families.
 Under this scheme, eligible beneficiaries will receive a monthly sum of Rs 1,000. This financial aid will be directly
transferred into the bank accounts of the beneficiaries. To facilitate easy access to the funds, ATM cards will be issued
to the eligible women, allowing them to withdraw the allocated amount as needed.
 Chief Minister M K Stalin officially announced this significant initiative on September 11. He highlighted the direct
transfer of funds into beneficiaries’ bank accounts and the provision of ATM cards as key features of the program. The
launch of the scheme is scheduled for September 15, coinciding with the birth anniversary of former Chief Minister C N
Annadurai.
Raksha Mantri dedicates to the nation 90 BRO infrastructure

 Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh has dedicated to the nation 90 tr- infrastructure
5O7N0U7O3Q projects of Border Roads Organisation
1T9T
(BRO), worth over Rs 2,900 crore, spread across 11 States/Union Territories. The projects were inaugurated by the
Raksha Mantri
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
1E9E at an event in Jammu on September 12, 2023. These include Nechiphu Tunnel in Arunachal Pradesh; two
airfields in West Bengal; two helipads; 22 roads and 63 bridges. Of these 90 projects, 36 are in Arunachal Pradesh; 26 in
Ladakh; 11 in Jammu & Kashmir; five in Mizoram; three in Himachal Pradesh; two each in Sikkim, Uttarakhand & West
Bengal and one each in Nagaland, Rajasthan and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
 The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has achieved an extraordinary feat by completing the construction of these
strategically-important projects intr-record 7O3Q1T 9T most of them being executed within a single working season using
5O7N0Utime, with
state-of-the-art technology. In his address, the Raksha Mantri described the BRO as the ‘brother‘ of the Armed Forces,
emphasizing that through its infrastructure projects, the BRO is not only securing India’s borders but also playing a key
role in the socio-economic development of remote areas.
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 The event took place at Devak Bridge on Bishnah-Kaulpur-Phulpur Road, which was inaugurated by the Raksha Mantri.
The state-of-the-art 422.9-meter-long Class 70 RCC Devak bridge is strategically significant as it will enhance the
operational preparedness of the Armed Forces and boost the socio-economic development of the region.
‘Bharat: Mother Of Democracy’ – A Special Initiative By Tagbin To Greet World Leaders At G20 Summit
 On the eve of the G20 leadership summit, the Ministry of Culture unveiled a remarkable online portal titled “Bharat:
The Mother of Democracy.” This portal serves as a comprehensive digital exhibition chronicling the rich history of
democracy in India, spanning an astonishing 7,000 years – from the Sindhu-Saraswati civilization to the year 2019.
 The portal provides an in-depth exploration of the history of democracy in India.
 Covers 7,000 years of democratic evolution, beginning with the Sindhu-Saraswati civilization.
 Available in 16 languages, ensuring a global audience can access its content.
 Supported languages include German, French, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, Italian, Turkish, Russian, English, and
Hindi.

India becomes the 13th nation to issue OIML certificates
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In a significant development, India has joined the ranks of countries authorized to issue International Organisation of
Legal Metrology (OIML) certificates. The announcement was made by the Union Consumer Affairs Ministry on
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.
September 14 in New Delhi, marking a pivotal moment in India’s metrological capabilities.
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 Consumer Affairs Secretary, Rohit Kumar Singh, revealed that this newfound authority would have far-reaching
implications.

e
Singh emphasized that this move would serve as an invitation to weighing and measuring instrument manufacturers to
operate in India.


country, opening doors for international market sales.
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Both domestic and global manufacturers can now have their weighing and measuring instruments tested within the
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Previously, testing had to be conducted in one of the 12 countries, including China and Japan.

IAF takes delivery of first C295 transport aircraft
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India reached a significant milestone with the arrival of the first C295 aircraft, marking a momentous achievement in
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the country’s aviation history. This development is the result of a collaboration between European aviation giant Airbus
and the Indian conglomerate Tata Group, marking the first instance of an Indian private company manufacturing an

aircraft.
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The Indian Air Force (IAF) Chief, Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari, received the first C295 aircraft at Airbus’s
production facility in Seville, Spain. After this symbolic handover, the aircraft will be flown back to India, where a formal
induction ceremony is scheduled to take place at the Hindon air base in Ghaziabad on the 25th of September.
The C295 aircraft is set to replace the IAF’s ageing Avro fleet. With the capability to carry up to nine tonnes of payload
or transport as many as 71 troops, it boasts a maximum cruise speed of approximately 480 kilometers per hour. One of
its notable features is a rear ramp for loading and unloading, making it ideal for transporting larger equipment, a
capability the Avro lacked.
Odisha Cm launches Mukhyamantri sampoorna pushti youjana

 Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on Thursday launched the Mukhyamantri Sampoorna Pushti Yojana for proper
nutrition of mothers, adolescent girls and children in the State.The Chief Minister also launched the Pada Pushti Yojana.
 Mukhyamantri Sampoorna Pushti Yojana aims to provide nutritional support to all adolescent girls between the ages of
15 and 19 across the state along with provision of extra dry food for pregnant women and post-natal mothers, whole
food for severely malnourished children, vitamin-rich chatua and 7N0U7O 1T9T
for3Qmoderately
tr-5Oeggs malnourished children and
severely underweight children.
 tr-Under 3D1E
the
5I7E0B7F
9E Pushti’ scheme, children in remote and tribal areas will be provided with well-cooked food in their
‘Pada
villages.
MP CM to unveil 108 feet tall statue of Adi Shankaracharya in Omkareshwar on Sep 18

 Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan is set to unveil a majestic 108-feet-tall statue of the revered
9T
philosopher Adi Shankaracharya tr- 7N0U7O3Q1T
in5OOmkareshwar on September 18. This monumental project, named “Eaktmta Ki
Pratima” (Statue of Oneness), has garnered significant attention due to its grandeur and spiritual significance. The
Madhya Pradesh cabinet has allocated a substantial budget of over Rs 2,141 crore for the construction of the Statue of
Oneness project, symbolizing the state’s commitment to preserving its rich cultural and religious heritage.
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 The towering structure is a tribute to Adi Shankaracharya, an influential and revered figure in Hinduism, known for his
profound philosophical contributions. Omkareshwar, located approximately 80 kilometers from Indore on the banks
of the Narmada river, has long been recognized as a global center for the Advaita Vedanta philosophy, championed by
Adi Shankaracharya. This sacred town holds immense significance in the hearts of devotees and seekers of spiritual
wisdom.
Gujarat assembly passes bill that raises OBC quota in local governing bodies to 27%
 Government of Gujarat has passed a bill in the assembly that raises reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBC)
community in local self government bodies like panchayats, municipalities and civic corporations to 27 per cent from
the current 10 per cent.
 The Gujarat Local Authorities Laws (Amendment) Bill 2023 was passed on Friday through a majority voice vote after all
the 17 Congress MLAs, including Congress Legislative Party leader Amit Chavda and senior MLA Arjun Modhwadia,
staged a walkout in protest demanding higher ratio of reservation and tabling of a report of the commission headed by
former Supreme Court Justice K S Zaveri.
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The state government on August 29 announced 27 per cent reservation for OBCs in the local governing bodies on the
basis of a report submitted by the Zaveri commission.
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Earlier, OBC reservation in local bodies was 10 per cent in Gujarat. To hike it to 27 per cent, the state government
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introduced the bill to amend relevant provisions related to reservation in the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporation
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Act of 1949, the Gujarat Municipalities Act of 1963 and the Gujarat Panchayats Act of 1993.
Ministry of railway launches Swachhata Pakhwada 2023

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Ministry of Railways is observing Swachhata Pakhwada from 16th September 2023 to 30th September 2023. Ministry of
Railways has extended it suo-moto up to 02nd October and has decided to culminate it with Mahatama Gandhi’s Jayanti.
n
This year, joint campaign of Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and Ministry of Jal Shakti namely ‘Swachhata hi
Sewa’ (SHS) Campaign (from 15.09.23 to 02.10.23) is also being celebrated. Activities of SHS have been integrated with

Indian Railways’ Swachhata Pakhwada programme.
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For Swachhata Pakhwada – 2023, dedicated days have been assigned for activities during pakhwada like Swachh
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Railgadi, Swachh Station, Swachh Aahar, Swachh Tracks etc. Extensive awareness campaign are also planned to be
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carried out through digital media/public announcement via PA systems to educate people about the use of bio-toilets,
avoiding single use plastic and observing cleanliness habits.
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 In order to ensure greater participation & more effective outcome of the fortnight, Swachhata Pakhwada Awards have
been provided to each ministry by Ministry of Jal Shakti (nodal Ministry) for awarding to field functionaries/ attached
offices/ subordinate organizations for exemplary performance during pakhwada period. Previous year Swachhata
Pakhwada – 2022 awards have been given to following zonal railways:
1st Position: South Western Railway;
2nd Position: Western Railway;
3rd Position: North Eastern Railway.
Dharmendra Pradhan , Om Birla launch skills on wheels

 To promote digital literacy and digital skills in which India is developing global competency this scheme with the help
of NSDC has been launched. 'Skills on Wheels is a unique experiment. Today, PM Vishwakarma's Yojana was launched,
which shows that the Indian govt is committed to providing skills to traditional craftsmen, along with providing 21st-
century digitisation skills," Dharmendra Pradhan said while speaking to reporters.
 This bus and experimental laboratory will go to the villages of Rajasthan. Later it will go to other parts of the country.
Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla is present here. He will send this bus to7NRajasthan.
tr-5O 0U7O3Q1T9TLater it will go to other parts of the
country," he added.
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Santiniketan finds a place on UNESCO’s World Heritage list
 Santiniketan, the cultural and educational hub founded by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, has earned a coveted
spot on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. This recognition marks a significant milestone for India and celebrates the
enduring legacy of this unique institution located in Bengal’s Birbhum district.
 India has long been striving to secure
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UNESCO designation for Santiniketan, acknowledging its cultural and historical
significance. The decision to include Santiniketan in the prestigious list was made during the 45th session of the World
Heritage Committee, held in Saudi Arabia, reaffirming its importance on the global stage.
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 Santiniketan’s inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List is a testament to its cultural and educational significance.
This recognition reaffirms the importance of preserving and promoting the legacy of Rabindranath Tagore and the
institution he built.
Professor Ramesh Chand launches Unified Portal www.upag.gov.in for Agricultural Statistics
 In a significant development for India’s agricultural sector, the government has unveiled the UPAg (Unified Portal for
Agricultural Statistics). This groundbreaking initiative is aimed at tackling the complex governance challenges that
currently beset the country’s farming industry.
 The Ministry of Agriculture hails UPAg as an innovative platform meticulously crafted to streamline and enhance data
management within the agricultural domain. It represents a crucial stride towards establishing a more efficient and
responsive agricultural policy framework.
 Ramesh Chand, a member of NITI Aayog, expressed his enthusiasm after inaugurating the portal. He emphasized that
such an initiative was long overdue and envisioned that it could grow into a substantial resource for the agricultural
sector. Chand urged the Agriculture Ministry, which will oversee the portal, to prioritize data credibility, as objective
data minimizes the need for subjective judgment in policymaking. This, in turn, fosters stability, transparency, and
informed decision-making.
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New Delhi: Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia inaugurates 'Udaan Bhawan’ an integrated office complex at
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Safdarjung Airport
 Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya M. Scindia inaugurated ‘Udaan Bhawan,’ a state-of-the-art integrated office complex
nestled within the confines of Delhi’s Safdarjung Airport. Udaan Bhawan promises to play a pivotal role in facilitating

Aviation (MoCA).
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enhanced coordination and efficiency among various regulatory authorities operating under the Ministry of Civil
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The newly inaugurated Udaan Bhawan is poised to become the nerve center of aviation oversight in India. This modern
facility will house several key regulatory bodies, including the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Bureau of
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Civil Aviation Security (BCAS), Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), Airports Economic Regulatory Authority
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(AERA), and the Airports Authority of India (AAI). By co-locating these vital entities, Udaan Bhawan aims to foster
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seamless collaboration and streamline administrative processes within the civil aviation sector.
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To
INDIAN COAST GUARD SUCCESSFULLY CONDUCTS ‘OPERATION SAJAG’ A COASTAL SECURITY DRILL
‘Operation Sajag,’ a comprehensive drill was conducted by the Indian Coast Guard along the west coast on September
18, 2023. It is a significant event in the realm of coastal security. This operation involves all stakeholders in the coastal
security construct and plays a pivotal role in revalidating the coastal security mechanism while enhancing awareness
among fishermen operating at sea.
During ‘Operation Sajag,’ an extensive checking and verification process was initiated, targeting the documents and
crew passes of all fishing boats, barges, and crafts at sea. The sheer scale of this operation is evident from the
participation of 118 ships, including vessels from Customs, Marine Police, Ports, and the Indian Navy. This unified effort
demonstrates the commitment of various agencies to ensure the safety and security of India’s coastal regions.
Women's Reservation Bill Approved In PM Modi-Led Union Cabinet Meeting Amid Special Session
 On September 18, the Union Cabinet took a historic step by approving the Women Reservation Bill, which mandates a
33 percent reservation for women in both the Lok Sabha and state assemblies of India. This monumental legislation
aims to ensure equal representation for women in the highest legislative bodies of the country.
 The Women Reservation Bill mandates that one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies will be reserved
for women candidates. tr-5O7N0U7O
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 This provision aims to promote gender equality and increase women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies.
 tr-The Bill
5I7E0B7Falso proposes sub-reservation within the 33 percent quota for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs),
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and Anglo-Indians.
 This sub-reservation recognizes the importance of addressing intersectional inequalities and promoting diversity in
political representation.
Government approves Rs 480 crore 0U7O3Q1T9Teducation scheme for medical devices sector
three-year
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 The Indian government has taken a significant step towards strengthening the country’s medical devices industry by
approving a ₹480 crore scheme aimed at developing a skilled talent pool. This three-year initiative is poised to provide
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essential financial support to government institutions for the implementation of various courses related to medical
devices, with the goal of upgrading these institutions to global standards.
 The scheme’s approval follows the recent introduction of the National Medical Device Policy, 2023, which envisions the
growth of India’s medical devices sector from its current $11 billion to an impressive $50 billion by the year 2030.
 One of the primary objectives of this scheme is to ensure a steady supply of skilled professionals across the medical
device sector. To achieve this, the Department of Pharmaceuticals is poised to leverage the available resources within
the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. This strategic move aims to facilitate skilling, reskilling, and
upskilling of individuals within the medical sector, catering to the evolving needs of the industry.
After ICMR nod, Kerala to conduct tests to detect Nipah virus

 The Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) has granted approval for the use of the Truenat test to diagnose Nipah
virus (NiV) in Kerala. This development is significant as hospitals equipped with Biosafety Level 2 (BSL 2) laboratories
can now conduct the test. The Health Minister, Veena George, has announced that a standard operating procedure
(SOP) will be formulated for conducting the Truenat test.
 With the ICMR’s approval, more laboratories in the state of Kerala will have the capacity to perform NiV diagnostics
using the Truenat test. Samples testing positive for NiV through the Truenat method can be further analyzed at
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designated facilities such as Kozhikode or Thiruvananthapuram Medical College Hospitals or the Institute of Advanced
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Virology in the capital.
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Assam government to launch scheme to give Rs 2 lakh each to two lakh youth
 The Assam government is set to usher in a new era of empowerment and self-reliance for its youth with the launch of
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the “Mukhyamantrir Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan.” This ambitious scheme aims to provide financial assistance of
Rs 2 lakh each to two lakh deserving young individuals, paving the way for a brighter and more self-sufficient future for
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the state’s youth.
 The “Mukhyamantrir Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan” stands as a testament to the Assam government’s commitment
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to empowering its youth. By offering financial support to two lakh young individuals, the scheme intends to enable
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them to pursue their dreams and aspirations, thereby reducing unemployment and boosting self-reliance among the
state’s youth.
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Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, known for his forward-thinking approach, spearheads this transformative
initiative. In a bid to ensure the success of the scheme, he recently conducted a video conference with the Chief
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Secretary and senior officials from the conference hall of Assam House to discuss various crucial facets of the scheme,
such as eligibility criteria, application procedures, and the disbursement of financial assistance.
'Judiciary Has Been Protector Of India's Justice System': PM Modi At ‘International Lawyers’ Conference
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘International Lawyers’ Conference 2023‘ at New Delhi’s Vigyan Bhawan
today. This conference, organized by the Bar Council of India, has brought together legal experts from across the globe
to deliberate on the theme ‘Emerging Challenges in Justice Delivery System.’
 The event, scheduled for September 23 and 24, marks the first of its kind in India and aims to facilitate discussions on
pressing legal issues of both national and international significance. The primary objective of the International Lawyers’
Conference 2023 is to serve as a platform for meaningful dialogue and discussion on various legal topics.
 The conference is designed to foster the exchange of ideas and experiences among legal professionals and strengthen
international cooperation while enhancing the understanding of legal issues. Throughout the two-day event, experts
and participants will delve into a wide range of topics that are shaping the legal landscape.
PM Modi flags off 9 new Vande Bharat trains tr-5O7N0U7O

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 Prime Minister Narendra Modi is all set to flag off nine Vande Bharat Express trains on Sunday, September 24th,
according to
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ministry officials.
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 Among these nine trains, the Indian Railways is launching two trains for West Bengal’s Howrah and Tamil Nadu’s
Chennai, with one each for Kerala, Odisha, Telangana, Gujarat, and the poll-bound state of Rajasthan. These semi-high-
speed trains are configured with eight coaches and are expected to offer a significant boost to the country’s rail
connectivity.
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The nine new routes that will be inaugurated on Sunday are as follows:
SNo Origin Destination
1 Ranchi Howrah
2 Patna Howrah
3 Vijayawada Chennai
4 Tirunelveli Chennai
5 Rourkela Puri
6 Udaipur Jaipur
7 Kasaragod Thiruvananthapuram
8 Jamnagar Ahmedabad
9 Hyderabad Bengaluru
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Biswanath Ghat in Assam selected as Best Tourism Village of India 2023
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The Ministry of Tourism has declared Biswanath Ghat in Assam as the Best Tourism Village of India for the year 2023.
This recognition comes after an extensive selection process that involved reviewing 791 applications from 31 different
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states and union territories across the country. Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma expressed his delight at this
achievement, highlighting the immense efforts made by the government to promote rural tourism in the state.
Biswanath Ghat, situated to the south of Biswanath Chariali Town, is famously referred to as ‘Gupta Kashi.’ This name
is derived from the ancient Biswanath temple in the town and draws a parallel with Kashi during the illustrious Gupta
temple graces the confluence of the Bridhaganga (Burigonga) River with the Brahmaputra.
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Empire era. This picturesque ghat is adorned with a collection of temples dedicated to various deities. Notably, a Shiva
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Govt launched AI chatbot for PM-Kisan scheme
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The Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, took a significant step towards enhancing
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the efficiency and reach of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Scheme with the launch of an AI
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Chatbot.
 The AI Chatbot introduced with the PM-KISAN scheme serves as a comprehensive guide for beneficiaries, offering
 To
timely and accurate responses to their inquiries related to the scheme. Developed and enhanced with the support of
EKstep Foundation and Bhashini, the Chatbot aims to empower farmers with a user-friendly and accessible platform.
Three new air routes to become operationalise in Arunachal Pradesh in October: Scindia
Union Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia recently announced the imminent launch of three additional air
routes in Arunachal Pradesh, set to be operational by October of this year. These new routes will connect Itanagar, the
capital of Arunachal Pradesh, to Rupsi, Jorhat, and Delhi as part of the UDAN-5 scheme. UDAN, or Ude Desh ka Aam
Nagarik, is a regional connectivity initiative designed to enhance accessibility to aviation services for the common
citizens. The development comes after the inauguration of enhanced infrastructure at the Tezu airport in Lohit district.
 Arunachal Pradesh is set to benefit significantly from the expansion of air routes, making travel more convenient for its
residents.
 The Tezu airport, now equipped with upgraded facilities, will play a pivotal role in facilitating these new air connections.
Goan unemployed persons to build and operate shacks across

 Goa, often referred to as the “Pearl of the Orient,” is a coastal paradise in India known for its stunning beaches, vibrant
culture, and rich history. Recently, the government of Goa has approved a 3Q
groundbreaking
1T9T policy named “Goa State
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Shack Policy 2023-2026” to enhance the beach experience for tourists while promoting sustainable tourism and
economic opportunities
1E9E for the local community. This policy is set to redefine the beach scene in Goa.
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 One of the most exciting aspects of the “Goa State Shack Policy 2023-2026” is the provision for the creation of seasonal
structures along the beaches. These structures, including deck beds, umbrellas, and beach shacks, are designed to
elevate the beach experience for visitors during the upcoming tourist seasons. This innovative approach aims to strike
a balance between enhancing tourism and preserving Goa’s natural beauty.
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India rolls out policy to ensure dignity in death for Border Roads workers
 India, on a mission to enhance its infrastructure along the country’s remote frontiers, has recently unveiled a
groundbreaking policy aimed at dignifying the lives of casual workers employed by the Border Roads Organisation
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(BRO). Defence Minister Rajnath Singh approved this policy, which not only addresses the preservation and
transportation of mortal remains but also raises funeral expenses. This move emphasizes the perilous nature of the work
undertaken by these individuals in challenging terrains.
 Until now, the facility for preserving and transporting mortal remains at government expense was exclusively available
to BRO’s General Reserve Engineer Force (GREF) personnel. However, recognizing the invaluable contribution of casual
laborers, this policy extends this privilege to them as well.
 BRO employs approximately one lakh casual workers who labor tirelessly to construct critical border infrastructure
spanning regions from Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim to Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. These projects
encompass roads, bridges, tunnels, airfields, and helipads. Unfortunately, the tough working conditions and adverse
climates sometimes result in casualties.
Indian Oil unveils India's first green hydrogen-run bus that emits just water
 On September 25, 2023, the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) achieved a significant milestone in India’s transition to clean
energy by unveiling the nation’s first green hydrogen-powered bus. This groundbreaking initiative marks a crucial step

towards reducing the nation’s dependency on fossil fuels while promoting eco-friendly transportation alternatives.
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IOC is leading the charge in harnessing the power of green hydrogen, produced through the electrolysis of water using
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electricity from renewable sources. This green hydrogen will be utilized to fuel two buses, which are slated for trial runs
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in the national capital region.
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Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri, during the ceremonial flag-off of these innovative buses, emphasized that hydrogen
is set to become India’s transitional fuel, paving the way for a cleaner, more sustainable future. The IOC’s Research and
Development Center in Faridabad is spearheading the production of green hydrogen for the initial pilot run.
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Most trusted digital ID in the world: India refutes Moody’s concerns about Aadhaar
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Moody’s Investors Service, a global rating agency based in New York, recently issued a report on “Decentralized Finance
and Digital Assets” on September 23, in which it raised concerns about the security and privacy vulnerabilities associated
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with biometric technologies, particularly India’s Aadhaar program.
Acknowledging Aadhaar as “the world’s largest digital ID program,” Moody’s highlighted the fact that it assigns unique
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identification numbers to over 1.2 billion Indian residents using biometric and demographic data.
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Moody’s expressed doubts regarding the reliability of biometric technologies, specifically in humid climates, citing
concerns about the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) administered Aadhaar system. They noted that
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the Aadhaar system often leads to service denials, particularly for manual laborers operating in hot and humid
conditions, which raises questions about the effectiveness of biometric authentication.
Indian Oil unveils India's first green hydrogen-run bus that emits just water
 On September 25, 2023, the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) achieved a significant milestone in India’s transition to clean
energy by unveiling the nation’s first green hydrogen-powered bus. This groundbreaking initiative marks a crucial step
towards reducing the nation’s dependency on fossil fuels while promoting eco-friendly transportation alternatives.
 IOC is leading the charge in harnessing the power of green hydrogen, produced through the electrolysis of water using
electricity from renewable sources. This green hydrogen will be utilized to fuel two buses, which are slated for trial runs
in the national capital region.
 Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri, during the ceremonial flag-off of these innovative buses, emphasized that hydrogen
is set to become India’s transitional fuel, paving the way for a cleaner, more sustainable future. The IOC’s Research and
Development Center in Faridabad is spearheading the production of green hydrogen for the initial pilot run.
Most trusted digital ID in the world: India refutes Moody’s concerns about
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3Q1T9TAadhaar
 Moody’s Investors Service, a global rating agency based in New York, recently issued a report on “Decentralized Finance
and Digital1E
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Assets”
9E on September 23, in which it raised concerns about the security and privacy vulnerabilities associated
with biometric technologies, particularly India’s Aadhaar program.
 Acknowledging Aadhaar as “the world’s largest digital ID program,” Moody’s highlighted the fact that it assigns unique
identification numbers to over 1.2 billion Indian residents using biometric and demographic data.
 Moody’s expressed doubts regarding the reliability of biometric technologies, specifically in humid climates, citing
3Q1T9T of India (UIDAI) administered Aadhaar system. They noted that
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concerns about the Unique Identification Authority
the Aadhaar system often leads to service denials, particularly for manual laborers operating in hot and humid
conditions, which raises questions about the effectiveness of biometric authentication.
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Centre extends AFSPA in parts of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh for another six months
 The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has decided to extend the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) in certain
regions of Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh for an additional six months, commencing from October 1. This move
comes after a previous extension granted in March.
 The AFSPA extension applies to specific districts and police station areas, with distinct regions identified in both
Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh.
 In Nagaland, the AFSPA has been extended across eight entire districts and areas encompassing 21 police stations in five
additional districts. The eight districts where AFSPA remains in force are: Dimapur, Niuland, Chumoukedima, Mon,
Kiphire, Noklak, Phek, and Peren.
Arogya Manthan 2023 to mark 5 years of Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY and 2 years of Ayushman Bharat Digital
Mission
 The National Health Authority (NHA), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), is set to host a two-
day event known as ‘Arogya Manthan’ in New Delhi. This event is being organized to commemorate two significant
milestones in India’s healthcare sector.The 5th anniversary of the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
(AB PM-JAY) and the 2nd anniversary of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM).
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 Arogya Manthan 2023, taking place on September 25th and 26th, promises to be an engaging forum filled with insightful
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discussions and deliberations on various aspects of these two transformative healthcare schemes.
Arogya Manthan 2023 aims to achieve the following objectives:
1. Discussion of Challenges:
2. Trends Analysis:
3. Best Practices Sharing:
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Tourism Minister Satpal Maharaj inaugurates country’s 1st Cartography Museum in Mussoorie
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The Minister of Tourism and Culture of Uttarakhand, Satpal Maharaj, inaugurated the George Everest Cartography
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Museum in the picturesque town of Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, on the occasion of World Tourism Day.
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Cartography is about exploring and making maps. It uses science, art, and technical skills to show real or imagined
places in a way that helps us understand where things are located.
This estate can be found in the Hathipaon region of the hill town. Sir Everest lived in this house from 1832 to 1843, and
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it was one of the first houses built in Mussoorie. With the assistance of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the tourism
department has recently refurbished it, with a budget of Rs 23.5 crore.
Power demand reaches five-year high in September amid reduced rains: Report
 In a recent report by CRISIL MI&A (Market Intelligence and Advisory), India’s power demand for September 2023
reached an impressive five-year high. India’s power demand in September witnessed remarkable year-on-year growth,
reaching 140-142 billion units (BUs), marking a five-year high.
 Despite this, the demand in September was about seven percent lower than the previous month, primarily due to
exceptionally dry conditions in August, one of the driest months in 122 years.
 India experienced two consecutive months of all-time high peak power demand, with 238 GW in August followed by an
even higher 240 GW in September.
Delhi winter pollution Updates: CM Arvind Kejriwal announces 15-point action plan
 Delhi Chief Minister, Arvind Kejriwal, has unveiled a comprehensive 15-point winter action plan aimed at addressing
air pollution in the national capital, just in time for the festive season. 3Q1T9T
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 Kejriwal highlighted the decrease in PM 2.5 levels from 149 in 2014 to 103 presently, showcasing a significant
tr-improvement.
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 PM 10 levels have also reduced from 324 in 2014 to 223, signifying a 30% reduction in pollution levels.
 Kejriwal emphasized the importance of public transport improvements.
 The Delhi government plans to introduce 800 electric buses to bolster the existing fleet of 7,000 government-operated
buses.
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Bihar to get its second tiger reserve in Kaimur soon
 In a significant development for wildlife conservation in Bihar, the state is preparing to establish its second tiger reserve
within the Kaimur district.
 The upcoming tiger reserve in Kaimur district will complement the existing Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) located in the
West Champaran district of Bihar. This expansion reflects the state’s commitment to safeguarding its rich wildlife
heritage.
 As per recent reports, Bihar currently boasts a total tiger population of 54. This figure represents a remarkable growth
in the tiger population within the state.
INTERNATIONAL
Gabon officers declare military coup, President Ali Bongo detained
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Gabon, an oil-producing country in Central Africa, has experienced a coup led by military officers. President Ali Bongo
was placed under house arrest after being declared the winner of a disputed election. This marks the eighth coup in
Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Chad have also witnessed military takeovers, raising concerns for regional stability and
foreign interests.
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West and Central Africa since 2020, reflecting a trend of democratic setbacks in the region. Other countries like Mali,
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 Military officers announced the seizure of power, canceling election results and dissolving state institutions.
 The officers declared President Bongo’s victory invalid and placed him under house arrest.
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General Brice Oligui Nguema was appointed as the new leader through a unanimous vote by generals.
Russia Launches Islamic Banking Pilot Program in Bid for Economic Diversification
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Russia is set to embark on a historic journey by launching its first Islamic banking pilot program on September 1. With
a considerable Muslim population of approximately 25 million, the move aims to tap into the potential of Islamic
finance, which has already had a presence through institutions but lacked official recognition. President Vladimir
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Putin’s recent endorsement of the initiative signifies a significant step towards embracing Islamic banking principles in
the country.
Features of Islamic Banking-
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1. Shariah Compliance and Ethical Framework: Islamic banking operates on the principles of Shariah, the Islamic legal
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system that prohibits usurious transactions and interest charges due to their perceived injustice. This fundamental
difference sets it apart from conventional banking practices.
2. Asset-based Model and Partnership Structure: Conventional finance relies on debt-based transactions, where
clients bear the entire risk and liability. In contrast, Islamic banking is grounded in an asset-based approach,
emphasizing shared profits and risks between financial institutions and clients through partnership arrangements.
3. Socially Responsible Investments: One of the significant distinctions is Islamic banking’s avoidance of sectors
deemed harmful to society, such as alcohol, tobacco, and gambling. This ethical stance aligns with the principles of
Shariah, promoting responsible financial practices.
4. Prohibition of Speculation and Risky Transactions: Unlike conventional finance, Islamic banking disallows
financing speculation, financial derivatives, and deals lacking tangible assets. This prohibition aims to mitigate risks
and prevent financial crises akin to the global economic downturn.
Indo-US task force set up to elevate electronics trade to $100 bln in next decade
 In a remarkable endeavor to strengthen trade relations between India and the United States within the electronics
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sector, the Indian Cellular & Electronics Association (ICEA) has established a 3Q
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the current Indo-US electronics trade, currently at $8 billion, to an ambitious $100 billion within the next decade, this
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tr-initiative follows collaborative efforts initiated after Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s state visit to the United States last
month.
 Ambitious Trade Target: ICEA Chairman Pankaj Mohindroo emphasized that achieving this monumental goal would
significantly bolster India’s aspirations to become a global hub for innovation and manufacturing in the electronics
sector.
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 Comprehensive Representation: ICEA, serving as the apex industry body, represents the entire electronics ecosystem in
India, including components, subassemblies, EMS (Electronic Manufacturing Services), and finished goods across
various Electronic System Design and Manufacturing (ESDM) verticals, such as mobile phones, consumer electronics,
and IT hardware.
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 The establishment of the Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) is a pivotal component of this initiative. It will
facilitate cooperation in futuristic domains, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing, space exploration,
semiconductors, and defense technology.
US State Georgia officially declares October as 'Hindu Heritage Month'

 In a significant move, Governor Brian Kemp of the U.S. state of Georgia has officially declared that the month of October
will be celebrated as ‘Hindu Heritage Month’ within the state. This proclamation aligns Georgia with several other states
across the United States that have taken similar steps to honor and commemorate Hindu heritage, culture, values, and
traditions.
 Georgia joins a growing list of states that have recognized the importance of Hindu heritage and culture. These states
include Texas, Ohio, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Florida, Minnesota, Virginia, and others. The declaration of ‘Hindu
Heritage Month’ serves as a way to celebrate and acknowledge the contributions and significance of Hinduism in
American society.
 The choice of October for this celebration holds special meaning. It is the birth month of Mahatma Gandhi, an iconic
figure known for his principles of peace, non-violence, and civil rights. Additionally, October is a time when major
Hindu festivals, such as Navratri and Diwali, are celebrated, making it an ideal month to honor Hindu heritage.
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Sultan AlNeyadi sets historic milestone as he completes longest space mission in Arab history
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Emirati astronaut Sultan AlNeyadi succeeded in achieving qualitative and historical achievements, which consolidated
the UAE’s regional and global position as the first Arab country to complete the longest space mission in the history of
the Arabs, which lasted for six months on the International Space Station (ISS), and included conducting pioneering

scientific experiments that contribute to serving humanity and the scientific community.
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AlNeyadi became the first Arab astronaut to complete a spacewalk mission outside the ISS, as part of the 69th mission
n
last April, which lasted about 7 hours, to carry out several basic tasks such as maintenance, in addition to completing
the preparatory series for installing a number of solar panels on the station.
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This success consolidated the UAE’s global leadership in the space sector, as the country ranked 10th globally in
spacewalking missions outside the ISS, which reflects the efforts of the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Center (MBRSC)
to continue space exploration. This historic achievement is also added to the record of the Arab world’s contributions
o
to outer space exploration.
 After AlNeyadi completed about 4,000 hours of work in space, the Emirati astronaut contributed to the development
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of scientific and technological advancement in the UAE, by conducting about 200 scientific experiments in various
fields that took about 585 hours.
Bangladesh witness highest dengue death rate in the world

 In Bangladesh, A total of 37 dengue patients died in the last two days, taking the death toll to 634 this year. On
September 2, Bangladesh recorded 21 dengue-related deaths, the highest number in a single day this year.
 Now, Bangladesh ranks second globally in dengue-related cases as Brazil is in first position but when it comes to the
death rate, the South American nation lags behind Bangladesh.
 A press release of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) said that a total of 8,845 dengue patients are
undergoing treatment at different hospitals.
 The DGHS statement says that with the new cases, the total number of patients rose to 1,30,302. Among the total dengue
positive cases, 49,495 are female and 80,807 are male and of the total deaths, 369 are female and 265 male.
Germany to provide 191 million euros for sustainable development of Bangladesh

 Germany will provide 191 million euros to Bangladesh for sustainable 9T
7N0U7O3Q1T projects and women empowerment,
tr-5Odevelopment
Dhaka Tribune reported. In this regard, Germany and Bangladesh signed two bilateral agreements on Sunday with the
tr-projects focused
5I7E0B7F3D 1E9E on Green and Just Energy Transition, Sustainable Urban Development, Sustainable Supply Chains,
Biodiversity and Women Empowerment as well as the support for Host and Displaced Communities in Cox´s Bazar.
 The German embassy stated that the total volume of the agreements is Euros 191 million of which Euros 55 million will
be available for Technical Cooperation (TC) and Euros 136 million for Financial Cooperation (FC).
1T9T minister amid China-US rivalry in Pacific Islands

3Qprime
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Vanuatu parliament elects Satotr-Kilman as
 Vanuatu’s parliament elected Sato Kilman as the nation’s new prime minister after a court upheld a vote of no-
confidence in his predecessor, who had sought closer ties with US allies amid China-US rivalry in the Pacific Islands.
Kilman, a former prime minister and leader of the People’s Progressive Party, was elected prime minister 27/23 in a
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secret ballot by lawmakers. Kilman received a total of 27 votes, while Kalsakau got 23 votes. Kilman, 65, was the deputy
PM in Kalsakau’s government before being removed in May. At the time Kalsakau had stated that Kilman’s dismissal
was for “stability of the coalition government”.
 Vanuatu is an archipelago of 83 islands, of which 16 are inhabited. The largest islands are Espiritu Santo, Malakula, Efate,
Erromango, Ambrym, Tanna, Pentecost, Epi, Ambae or Aoba, Gaua, Vanua Lava, Maewo, Malo and Aneityum or
Anatom.
 The capital of Vanuatu is Port Vila, which is located on the island of Efate. Other major towns include Luganville on
Espiritu Santo and Isangel on Tanna.
UNGA President Formulates Priorities for 78th Session

 The 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly commenced with Dennis Francis taking on the role of General
Assembly President. In his opening remarks, he emphasized the importance of addressing the numerous global
challenges currently confronting the world.
 The 78th session of the General Assembly, themed ‘Rebuilding trust and reigniting global solidarity: Accelerating action

on the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals towards peace, prosperity, progress, and sustainability for
all,’ focuses on several critical areas.
Challenges to Peace: The session acknowledges the challenges posed by climate change, conflict, and poverty to
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achieving global peace.
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 Geopolitical Divides: Geopolitical divisions have made it challenging for many countries to pursue positive societal
changes. The session welcomes initiatives aimed at greater transparency and accountability, including the UNGA’s
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Security Council veto initiative.
 Prosperity and Development: Ensuring prosperity, particularly in regions with development deficits, is a priority. This

involves enhanced financing, technology, debt sustainability, and capacity building.
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Key Workstreams: The session identifies critical workstreams, including the implementation of the Addis Ababa Action
Agenda (AAAA) and the Doha Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It also highlights
a
forthcoming events like the SIDS4 conference in 2024 and the Third UN Conference on Landlocked Developing
Countries (LLDCs) in Rwanda in 2024.
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o
Tabreed to set up Asia's largest district cooling project in Hyderabad
 In a significant development for sustainable infrastructure and environmental responsibility, Tabreed, an Abu Dhabi-
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based cooling-as-a-service provider, has unveiled plans for a massive $200 million investment. This investment is
directed towards the development of a cutting-edge cooling infrastructure with a capacity of 125,000 refrigeration tons
(RT) for Hyderabad Pharma City, a burgeoning hub for the pharmaceutical industry in India.
 Tabreed’s leadership, represented by its India head Sudheer Perla, engaged in discussions with a state government
delegation led by Telangana IT and Industries Minister K T Rama Rao and Jayesh Ranjan, Secretary of IT and Industries
for the Government of Telangana, to solidify their commitment to this transformative initiative. This endeavor marks a
milestone in public-private cooperation, particularly in the domain of cooling services, with the goal of offering a
groundbreaking model to multiple customers within a single campus.
UK rejoins EU science research scheme Horizon

 After a two-year post-Brexit standoff regarding science funding, the United Kingdom has decided to rejoin the European
Union’s Horizon science research programme. This move is seen as a significant development in bilateral relations
between the UK and the EU, following the resolution of a trade dispute seven months prior.
 The UK’s decision to rejoin the Horizon science research programme marks a positive step forward in its relationship
with the EU. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s office announced that they have 3Q1T9T
successfully
0U7O negotiated “improved financial
tr-5O7N
terms of association” with the Horizon project, which is a flagship EU initiative for funding scientific research.
 tr-In addition
5I7E to9Erejoining Horizon, the UK has also chosen to associate with the European earth observation programme,
0B7F3D1E
Copernicus. However, the UK will not participate in the EU’s Euratom nuclear research scheme. Instead, the UK has
decided to pursue a domestic fusion energy strategy.
Successful summit. PM Modi hands over G20 ceremonial gavel to Brazilian president
 In a symbolic ceremony, Indian tr-
Prime
5O7N0U 7O3Q1T9TNarendra Modi handed over the G20 Presidency gavel to Brazil’s
Minister
President, marking the transition of leadership within the elite group. The transfer of power took place with warm
diplomatic exchanges, emphasizing the importance of cooperation and shared priorities.
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 Prime Minister Modi congratulated Brazil’s President, Lula da Silva, and referred to him as a friend. This gesture
signified the strong relations between the two nations. Brazil was set to assume the G20 Presidency officially on
December 1.
 During the handover ceremony, President Lula da Silva outlined the priorities that Brazil would focus on during its G20
Presidency. These included:
 Social Inclusion and Fight Against Hunger: Highlighting the importance of addressing social inequalities and hunger
on a global scale.
 Energy Transition and Sustainable Development: Emphasizing the need for a sustainable approach to energy and overall
development.
 Reform of Global Governance Institutions: Advocating for greater representation of emerging countries in organizations
like the UN Security Council, World Bank, and IMF.
UK PM Rishi Sunak Commits $2 Billion to UN-Backed Climate Fund

 In a significant announcement at the G20 Leaders Summit held in New Delhi, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak declared that
the United Kingdom would allocate $2 billion to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). This commitment marks the largest
o
single funding pledge made by the UK to address global climate change challenges, according to an official government
statement.
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 The Green Climate Fund (GCF), recognized as the world’s largest fund of its kind, was established within the framework
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of United Nations’ climate change negotiations. Its primary objective is to facilitate the flow of essential financial
resources to aid developing countries in their efforts to achieve various climate-related goals. These goals encompass
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reducing carbon emissions, promoting cleaner energy sources, and adapting to the consequences of a warming planet.

India, UK announce Infrastructure Financing Bridge
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India and the United Kingdom have jointly announced the launch of the Infrastructure Financing Bridge during the
12th Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD). This collaborative initiative signifies the continued commitment of both
a
nations to work closely together to unlock substantial infrastructure investment opportunities in India.
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r
A joint statement issued by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and UK’s Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt
outlines the primary objectives of this partnership:
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o
1. Leveraging UK Expertise: The statement highlights that the UK has significant expertise in financial and project
management, making it a valuable partner for India in infrastructure development.
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2. India’s Investment Potential: Recognizing India’s status as an investment powerhouse in technology, fintech, and
green transition, the collaboration aims to tap into India’s pivotal role in driving global economic growth.
ASEAN Kicks Off Its First-Ever Joint Military Drills in Indonesia

 Units from the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) recently embarked on their inaugural
joint military exercises in Indonesia’s South Natuna Sea. These drills come at a time of escalating geopolitical tensions
between major global powers and rising concerns over China’s activities in the South China Sea.
 The five-day military operation, taking place in the South Natuna Sea, primarily focuses on enhancing military skills.
These skills encompass areas such as maritime security, patrols, and the distribution of humanitarian assistance and
disaster relief. According to the Indonesian military, this exercise aims to promote regional stability and cooperation
among ASEAN members.
 All ten member nations of ASEAN, including prospective member East Timor, are participating in these joint military
drills. The decision to hold this collaborative exercise underscores the commitment of ASEAN countries to maintain
regional stability and enhance their collective security. It also sends a strong signal of unity among member states in
the face of rising geopolitical tensions. 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O
African Union
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
1E9E plans to launch its own credit ratings agency
 The African Union is set to launch its own credit ratings agency in the coming year as a direct response to concerns
regarding what it perceives as biased credit assessments given to African nations. This move aims to provide a more
balanced evaluation of lending risks associated with African countries and bolster investment in the continent.
 The African credit rating agency will primarily function within the African continent and will be financially self-
sustaining. Its core objective is totr-offer
5O7N0Ua 7O 3Q1T9T
supplementary perspective for investors when making decisions regarding
African bonds or extending private loans to African nations, according to the African Union.
 The African Union, along with its member nations’ leaders, has long criticized the “big three” credit ratings agencies—
Moody’s, Fitch, and S&P Global Ratings—for what they perceive as unfair assessments of lending risks related to African
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countries. They argue that these agencies are often too quick to downgrade African nations, particularly during crises
such as the global health pandemic.
G77+China Conference Concludes with Stress on Empowering Global South

 The two-day Summit of the G77+China recently concluded, marking a significant moment for the Global South’s
aspirations in the international governance system. This summit brought together delegations from over 100 nations,
including more than 30 heads of state and government.
 The Group of 77 (G77), established in 1964, consists of over 130 member nations, with its leadership rotating among
member nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Notably, G77 member countries collectively represent over 80
percent of the world’s population and comprise more than two-thirds of UN member nations. China, while not a
member of the G77, has been actively cooperating and supporting the group’s objectives within the framework of
“G77+China.”
 At the summit’s opening, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres affirmed the enduring importance of the Group of
77+China within the United Nations system. This acknowledgment underscores the group’s influential role in global
affairs.
Gandhi Walk in Johannesburg revived after COVID-19 hiatus
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 The 35th edition of the annual Gandhi Walk, a cherished event in the predominantly Indian suburb of Lenasia in
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Johannesburg, finally returned after being postponed for three long years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event
witnessed the enthusiastic participation of over two thousand people who embraced the new format—a delightful six-
kilometre walk, accompanied by an array of entertainment. This year’s walk was a departure from the traditional format,

emphasizing enjoyment over competition.
k e
In 2020, barely a month before the scheduled event, as the pandemic began its relentless global spread, the Gandhi
n
Walk Committee made a tough but wise decision to postpone the event indefinitely. This choice was made despite the
Committee having already incurred significant costs in planning for an expected 4,000 registered walkers. The
a
traditional format had catered to various fitness levels and interests, offering two distances—15km for serious athletes
r
and 5km for families, senior citizens, and parents pushing prams.
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UK PM Rishi Sunak delays petrol, diesel car ban in net zero reset


o
In a recent announcement, British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has unveiled a shift in the UK’s strategy for achieving its
T
Net Zero climate action targets. This strategy includes a significant delay of five years in implementing the proposed
ban on petrol and diesel cars, pushing the deadline to 2035.
Despite this delay, Sunak emphasized that the UK remains steadfast in its commitment to reduce carbon emissions and
achieve its Net Zero target by 2050. The core objective is unchanged, but the approach is evolving to be more practical,
proportionate, and realistic, particularly in light of the ongoing cost-of-living crisis.
 Net Zero, in the context of climate action, refers to the global imperative that the reduction of harmful greenhouse gas
emissions must be balanced by carbon dioxide removals within a specified timeframe.
Azerbaijan launched operation against Armenian forces in Nagorno-Karabakh

 Azerbaijan’s military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh has ignited concerns of a renewed conflict in the region. This
long-standing dispute revolves around an ethnic Armenian region within Azerbaijani territory. The recent attacks have
escalated tensions and raised international alarm.
 Azerbaijan has initiated a military operation backed by artillery strikes in Nagorno-Karabakh.
 They have declared their intent to continue until Armenian forces surrender.
 The operation was triggered by landmine incidents, attributed to tr-Armenian 3Q1T9T
5O7N0U7Osaboteurs, resulting in casualties.
 Nagorno-Karabakh, an ethnically Armenian region, is internationally recognized as Azerbaijani territory.
 tr-Separatist
9E
Armenian
5I7E0B7F3D1E authorities control part of the region, considering it their ancestral homeland.
 The conflict has been a persistent flashpoint since the Soviet Union’s dissolution.
Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso establish Sahel security alliance

 Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger have come together to address the pressing issue of jihadism in the Liptako-Gourma
7O3Q1T 9T
region by signing a mutual defensetr-5O 7N0U
pact known as the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). This landmark agreement aims to
establish a framework for collective defense and mutual assistance among these nations to protect their populations
from the growing threat of terrorism. Here, we delve into the key aspects of this development.
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 The heart of this historic pact is the Liptako-Gourma Charter, which was officially signed by the military leaders of the
three Sahel countries. The charter, posted on social media by Mali’s junta leader Assimi Goita, outlines the core
objectives of the Alliance of Sahel States.
 The primary goal of the AES is to create a system of collective defense and mutual assistance among Mali, Burkina Faso,
and Niger. This collaboration is essential to tackle the escalating threat of terrorism that has plagued the Liptako-
Gourma region for years.
Singapore is now the world’s freest economy, displacing Hong Kong after 53 years
 In a significant shift, Singapore has surpassed Hong Kong to claim the title of the world’s freest economy, marking the
end of Hong Kong’s 53-year reign at the top. This shift is according to a report released by the Canadian think tank
Fraser Institute. The Economic Freedom of the World Index, which has been tracking economic freedom since 1970,
placed Hong Kong in second place for the first time.
 The index assesses economic freedom based on various factors, including the ease of international trade. Singapore’s
strong position in global trade contributed to its rise.
 Another key metric is the freedom to enter and compete in markets. Singapore’s business-friendly policies have made
it an attractive destination for entrepreneurs and investors.
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Incurable dog disease Brucella canis infects humans in UK
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 Since the summer of 2020, the United Kingdom has witnessed a concerning surge in cases of Brucella canis infection
among dogs, originating primarily from Eastern Europe. This incurable disease, which has been spreading among
e
canines, has now made the alarming leap to infect humans, with three British citizens falling victim to its debilitating
effects. This article explores the nature of Brucella canis, its transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures.
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Brucella canis, a bacterium causing canine brucellosis, is the culprit behind this growing health concern. This highly
contagious pathogen primarily targets dogs but can transmit to humans through direct contact with infected dogs.
China and Syria announce 'strategic partnership' after its leaders met in Beijing
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r
In a significant diplomatic development, China and Syria have formally announced the establishment of a strategic
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partnership. This announcement came during a meeting between Chinese leader Xi Jinping and Syrian President Bashar
o
Assad in Hangzhou, China, as the city prepared to host the Asian Games.
 Amid the backdrop of an unstable international environment, Xi Jinping emphasized China’s commitment to
T
supporting Syria and vice versa. The leaders pledged to strengthen their cooperation, not only to bolster their own
interests but also to uphold international fairness and justice. This move aligns with China’s strategy to position itself
as a counterbalance to the U.S.-led international order.
ISRAEL UNVEILS CUTTING-EDGE BATTLE TANK, SHOWCASING TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IN

ARMORED WARFARE
 Israel unveiled its cutting-edge main battle tank, the Merkava Mark 5, known as “Barak,” signifying a significant leap in
technological advancement and military capability. The development of the Barak tank involved collaboration between
the Israeli Defense Ministry’s Armored Vehicles Directorate, the IDF’s Ground Forces, Armored Corps, and multiple
Israeli defense companies, including Elbit Systems, Rafael, and the Israel Aerospace Industries’ subsidiary, Elta.
 The Barak tank represents a remarkable achievement in the field of armored warfare, showcasing Israel’s commitment
to advancing its defense capabilities. This 5th-generation tank builds upon the legacy of earlier Merkava models,
incorporating cutting-edge technologies and innovations.
 The Barak tank is equipped with a network of sensors designed for target detection. This sensor data can be seamlessly
shared with other military units, facilitating improved enemy detection and 1T9T
coordination
7O3Q on the battlefield.
tr-5O7N0U
Asian Games
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
1E9E News: Hectic day for team India as teams prepare to participate in hockey, tennis, shooting,
boxing
 The I2U2 group comprising India, Israel, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the United States has unveiled an
ambitious joint space venture. This collaborative initiative aims to create a groundbreaking space-based tool with wide-
ranging applications for policymakers, institutions, and entrepreneurs.
 The announcement follows India’s 7N0U7O
recent 3Q1T9T
successful lunar mission, marking a significant milestone for the quartet’s
tr-5O
space exploration efforts. Against the backdrop of India’s triumphant lunar soft-landing, the I2U2 group, consisting of
four nations deeply engaged in space exploration, has come together to pioneer a unique space-based tool.
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Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2023 set to begin in USA's Alaska
 The 19th edition of YUDH ABHYAS is set to commence in Alaska, USA. This annual exercise is a collaborative effort
between the Indian Army and the US Army, aimed at strengthening military cooperation and readiness.
 The Indian Army contingent, consisting of 350 personnel, will actively take part in this edition of the exercise.
 The lead battalion representing India hails from the esteemed MARATHA Light Infantry Regiment.
 During YUDH ABHYAS, both sides will engage in a series of tactical drills geared towards enhancing interoperability,
particularly in the context of UN peacekeeping operations.
 The exercise will facilitate the exchange of views and best practices related to a broad spectrum of combat skills.
India Achieves Major Sanitation Milestone As 75% Villages Are Now ODF Plus under Swachh Bharat Mission -
Grameen
 India’s Jal Shakti minister, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, recently announced a significant achievement in the country’s
sanitation efforts. He reported that 75% of Indian villages, totaling about 4.4 lakh, have attained the coveted ‘Open
Defecation Free Plus’ (ODF Plus) status. This milestone signifies a crucial step toward fulfilling the goals of the second

phase of the Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin by 2024-25.
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An ‘ODF Plus’ village is one that has not only maintained its Open Defecation Free (ODF) status but has also successfully
implemented either solid or liquid waste management systems.
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
Nepal, China sign 12 agreements during PM Prachanda's visit to Beijing
rs .
Nepal’s Prime Minister, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, recently concluded his week-long visit to China, which was expected to
e
address critical issues such as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects, cross-border energy trade, and past agreements.
However, the agreements signed during this visit did not cover these key areas. Instead, they focused on various other

aspects of bilateral cooperation.
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The agreements were the result of delegation-level talks between Prime Minister Dahal and Chinese Premier Li Qiang.
While some of the expectations and commitments made by the Nepali Prime Minister were not included in the
a
r
agreements, they may find their way into a joint communiqué.
 The discussions comprehensively reviewed the state of bilateral relations, expressing satisfaction with the close ties
o p
between the two nations. The emphasis was on strengthening economic, trade, and people-to-people cooperation.
Nepal, China sign 12 agreements during PM Prachanda's visit to Beijing

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
T
Nepal’s Prime Minister, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, recently concluded his week-long visit to China, which was expected to
address critical issues such as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects, cross-border energy trade, and past agreements.
However, the agreements signed during this visit did not cover these key areas. Instead, they focused on various other
aspects of bilateral cooperation.
The agreements were the result of delegation-level talks between Prime Minister Dahal and Chinese Premier Li Qiang.
While some of the expectations and commitments made by the Nepali Prime Minister were not included in the
agreements, they may find their way into a joint communiqué.
 The discussions comprehensively reviewed the state of bilateral relations, expressing satisfaction with the close ties
between the two nations. The emphasis was on strengthening economic, trade, and people-to-people cooperation.
Afghan currency best performing in this quarter; global aid, Taliban-imposed curbs behind surge
 The Afghani, the currency of conflict-ridden Afghanistan, has taken the financial world by surprise by emerging as the
best-performing currency of the September quarter in 2023.As of September 26th, the Afghani was trading at
approximately 78.25 against the US dollar.
 One of the primary factors contributing to the Afghani’s resurgence is 0U
tr-5O7N the 3Q1T9T
7Osubstantial humanitarian aid pouring into
the country.The United Nations, for instance, has provided a staggering $5.8 billion in aid and development since the
1E9E
tr-change
5I7E0B7Fin
3Dgovernment, with $4 billion of that sum transferred in 2022 alone. This influx of foreign currency has played
a pivotal role in stabilizing the Afghan economy.
India will continue to raise its voice in support of Afghan people

 Ahead of the upcoming Moscow format meeting in Kazan, Russia, the Taliban has called upon India for economic
3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7Ois significant in light of China’s increased engagement with the Taliban and
support and recognition. This development
the recent appointment of a new Chinese Ambassador to Kabul.
 India has previously refused to recognize the Taliban’s “Islamic Emirate” and has emphasized the importance of
respecting human rights and protecting minority communities.
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 It is the first such meeting after China increased engagement with the Taliban and appointed a new Ambassador to
Kabul.
India, UN launch capacity building initiative to boost growth in Global South

 In a groundbreaking move, India and the United Nations have jointly introduced a significant capacity-building
initiative known as the “India-UN Capacity Building Initiative.”
 The announcement of this initiative took place during the “India-UN for the Global South-Delivering for Development”
event on September 23 in New York. The event was attended by prominent figures, including India’s External Affairs
Minister, Dr. S. Jaishankar, and Dennis Francis, President of the 78th General Assembly.
Taiwan unveils first domestically built submarine as China threat grows

 Taiwan, a self-governing island in East Asia, has recently unveiled its first domestically-made submarine, named the
Haikun, in a move to bolster its defenses against the ever-present threat of a possible Chinese attack. President Tsai
Ing-wen presided over the launch ceremony in the port city of Kaohsiung, marking a significant milestone in Taiwan’s

military capabilities.
Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China, is a democratic island nation that China regards as a renegade
province.
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 The Chinese government has consistently asserted its intent to reunify Taiwan with the mainland, by force if necessary.
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This enduring dispute has been a long-standing source of regional tension.
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Russia to hike defence spending by almost 70% in 2024: Ministry
 In a move that underscores Russia’s unwavering commitment to its military endeavors, the country is poised to
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substantially increase its defense spending by nearly 70% in 2024. This financial shift, as revealed in a document
n
published by the Russian Finance Ministry, comes as Moscow continues to allocate significant resources to support its
extensive offensive operations in Ukraine.
a
r
In an environment characterized by persistently high inflation and a depreciating ruble, Russia has intensified its arms
production and funneled substantial investments into its military infrastructure.
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The document in question outlines a staggering surge in defense spending, projecting an increase of over 68% compared
to the previous year. This uptick will result in defense expenditure reaching nearly 10.8 trillion rubles, which translates
to approximately $111.15 billion.
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Eurozone inflation hits 2-year low as US price pressures ease
Inflation in the Eurozone has dropped to its lowest level in almost two years, providing potential relief for the European
Central Bank (ECB) and raising questions about the continuation of its rate-hiking cycle.
Official data from Eurostat reveals that consumer prices in the 20-nation Eurozone rose at an annual rate of 4.3 percent
in September, down from 5.2 percent in August. This marks the lowest level of inflation since October 2021.
 Analysts had anticipated a slower decline in inflation, with a consensus forecast of 4.5 percent for September, according
to data firm FactSet. However, it’s important to note that inflation remains well above the ECB’s target of two percent.
ADB’s capital adequacy reforms to increase annual commitment by 40%

 In a significant move, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has recently endorsed capital management reforms,
unleashing a substantial $100 billion fund over the next ten years. These reforms, integrated into ADB’s updated Capital
Adequacy Framework (CAF), mark a vital step in addressing the multifaceted crises and climate challenges faced by
Asia and the Pacific region.
 The updated CAF paves the way for ADB to extend its annual newtr-commitments 1T9T
5O7N0U7O3Q capacity to over $36 billion, indicating
a notable 40% increase, approximately $10 billion more than previous capacities. These reforms are designed to tackle
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0B7F3D1Esimultaneous crises, providing much-needed financial impetus.
 ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa emphasized the significance of these reforms, stating that they substantially
enhance ADB’s ability to support critical development initiatives across Asia and the Pacific.
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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Aditya-L1: Significance behind name, objectives of India's first solar mission
 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to embark on a groundbreaking space mission, Aditya L-1,
designed to unravel the mysteries of our closest star, the Sun. Scheduled for launch from the Satish Dhawan Space
Centre in Sriharikota on Saturday, September 2nd, at 11:50 am, this mission promises to shed light on the enigmatic
solar processes that impact our planet and the wider cosmos.
 The “L1” in Aditya L-1 stands for Lagrange point 1, a celestial location nestled precisely between the Sun and Earth.
Lagrange points are regions where the gravitational forces of two massive objects, in this case, the Sun and Earth,
balance each other, allowing a spacecraft to essentially “hover” in place.
IAF & Drone Federation of India to co-host Bharat Drone Shakti - 2023 at IAF airbase in Hindan Ghaziabad
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The Indian Air Force (IAF) is collaborating with the Drone Federation of India to co-host ‘Bharat Drone Shakti 2023.’
This upcoming event, scheduled for the 25th and 26th of September 2023, will take place at the IAF’s airbase in Hindan
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more than 50 live aerial demonstrations.
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(Ghaziabad). It is anticipated to be a pioneering exhibition highlighting the prowess of the Indian drone industry, with
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‘Bharat Drone Shakti 2023’ is set to impress attendees with a diverse array of live aerial demonstrations. The event will
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encompass a wide range of drone applications, including survey drones, agriculture drones, fire suppression drones,
tactical surveillance drones, heavy-lift logistics drones, loitering munition systems, drone swarms, and counter-drone
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solutions. This comprehensive exhibition will underscore the versatility and innovation present within the Indian drone
sector.
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Anticipated to attract approximately 5,000 attendees, ‘Bharat Drone Shakti 2023’ will bring together a diverse audience.
This includes representatives from central government bodies, state departments, public and private industries, armed
forces, paramilitary forces, as well as delegates from friendly nations. The event will also be a platform for academicians,
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students, and drone enthusiasts to engage with cutting-edge developments in the field.
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One Week One Lab programme of CSIR to be organised from 11th to 16th September 2023
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The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is all set to host its annual “One Week One Lab” programme,
an exciting event where each of its 37 cutting-edge laboratories situated across the nation will unveil their remarkable
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research outcomes and accomplishments.
The Science and Technology Ministry is extending a warm invitation to the public, providing them with a unique
opportunity to explore the inner workings of CSIR’s various departments and experience firsthand its exceptional
academic and research initiatives.
INS Sumedha participates in 'Exercise Bright Star-23' in Egypt

 Indian Navy’s INS Sumedha arrived at Port Alexandria, Egypt to participate in ‘Exercise BRIGHT STAR- 23’. This edition
of the multinational Tri-Services military exercise will see participation from 34 countries. It is the largest ever joint
military exercise in the Middle East and North Africa region. This joint military exercise, hosted in Egypt, marks a
historic milestone for the Indian Navy and strengthens India’s diplomatic and strategic ties with partner nations.
 The Harbour Phase involves wide-ranging activities such as cross-deck visits, professional exchanges, sports fixtures
and interactions for planning and conduct of the Sea Phase. This Phase of the Exercise BRIGHT STAR-23 is a crucial
starting point where participating nations engage in a variety of activities to foster cooperation and understanding.
Cross-deck visits and professional exchanges allow naval personnel to learn from one another, sharing expertise and
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best practices. Additionally, sports fixtures and interactions promote 0U7O3Q1T9Tamong the servicemen and women.
camaraderie
 The Sea Phase will include complex and high-intensity exercises encompassing cross-deck flying, anti-surface and anti-
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5I7Eexercises, including live weapon firing drills. The Sea Phase is the heart of the exercise, where naval forces from
multiple countries engage in complex and challenging exercises. Cross-deck flying exercises test the ability to operate
aircraft from different carriers, enhancing interoperability among nations. Anti-surface and anti-air exercises ensure
that participating navies are well-prepared for diverse maritime threats. Live weapon firing drills demonstrate the
proficiency of naval forces in combat scenarios.1T9T
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BAE Systems, L&T Join Hands To Bring All-Terrain Vehicle To India
 A groundbreaking collaboration between global defense and security company BAE Systems and India’s Larsen &
Toubro (L&T) is set to revolutionize the Indian defense landscape. The partnership aims to introduce the world-leading
Articulated All-Terrain Vehicle (AATV), known as the ‘BvS10,’ to the Indian armed forces. This venture, operating under
the ‘Make in India’ program, holds the promise of enhanced capabilities and bolstered defense preparedness for the
nation.
 Under this partnership, Larsen & Toubro will take the lead as the prime bidder for the Indian market, with the invaluable
support of BAE Systems Hagglunds, the renowned Swedish manufacturer of the highly successful BvS10 family of
vehicles. This synergy between a global defense giant and a formidable Indian industrial conglomerate promises to
redefine defense manufacturing in the country.
 In a move to meet the specific requirements of the Indian armed forces, BAE Systems and L&T have undertaken the
task of upgrading the BvS10. The result of this joint effort is a new variant named the ‘BvS10-Sindhu.’ This innovative
vehicle is designed to excel in the demanding terrains and climatic conditions frequently encountered in India.
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India's Defence Acquisition Council gave the green light to several capital acquisition proposals
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India’s Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has given the green light to several capital acquisition proposals, including
the indigenous Dhruvastra short-range air-to-surface missile.
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 This precision-guided weapon is designed for deployment on the indigenously built DHRUV MK-IV helicopters and is
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poised to elevate India’s combat capabilities against enemy tanks and armored vehicles significantly.
 The Dhruvastra missile is a third-generation, fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system, renowned for its
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versatility in engaging and neutralizing enemy tanks and armored vehicles. With a range spanning from 500 meters to
an impressive 7 kilometers, Dhruvastra can engage targets across a wide spectrum. This extensive reach ensures that
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enemy tanks and armored vehicles are within its striking distance.
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NASA capsule set to land in Utah desert, carrying largest asteroid samples ever
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The climactic end of a seven-year voyage comes to an end when a NASA capsule landed in the Utah desert, carrying to
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Earth the largest asteroid samples ever collected. Scientists have high hopes for the sample, saying it will provide a
better understanding of the formation of our solar system and how Earth became habitable.
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Four years after its 2016 launch, the Osiris-Rex probe landed on the asteroid Bennu and collected roughly nine ounces
(250 grams) of dust from its rocky surface. Even that small amount, NASA says, should “help us better understand the
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types of asteroids that could threaten Earth” and cast light “on the earliest history of our solar system.” NASA
Administrator Bill Nelson said, this is going to be the biggest sample we’ve brought back since the Apollo moon rocks”
were returned to Earth.
Rajnath Singh inaugurates Bharat Drone Shakti exhibition 2023, inducts C-295 MW aircraft
 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh is set to inaugurate the Bharat Drone Shakti-2023 exhibition at Hindan Air Base in
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. In addition to the exhibition, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will formally induct the C-295
transport aircraft into the Indian Air Force. Key military officials, including IAF Chief Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari,
will be in attendance for this significant event.
 The Indian Air Force recently received its first C-295 aircraft, marking a significant milestone.
 This acquisition follows a Rs 21,935-crore deal between New Delhi and Airbus Defence and Space, which was signed two
years ago.
 Airbus is responsible for delivering the initial 16 aircraft in a ‘fly-away’ condition from its final assembly line in Seville,
with completion expected by 2025.
 An industrial partnership between Airbus and Tata Advanced Systems in9TIndia will oversee the manufacturing
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and assembly of the subsequent 40 aircraft.
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World Pharmacists Day 2023: 25th September
 World Pharmacists Day is a globally recognized event observed every year on September 25th. It serves as a dedicated
occasion to honor and appreciate the vital contributions of pharmacists to the improvement of global health. This
special day underscores the pivotal role that pharmacists play in enhancing human well-being and seeks to raise
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awareness about their invaluable work.
 The theme for World Pharmacists Day in 2023 is “Pharmacy Strengthening Health Systems.” This theme focuses on
recognizing and celebrating the indispensable contributions of pharmacists in the field of medical supplements and
healthcare professionals. It emphasizes the role of pharmacists in fortifying healthcare systems worldwide.
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 The roots of World Pharmacists Day trace back to its establishment at the 2009 International Pharmaceutical Federation
(FIP) Congress held in Istanbul, Turkey. This annual observance was created to highlight the significant importance of
pharmacists and pharmacy professionals in the healthcare sector. Over the years, it has evolved into a global celebration
of pharmacists’ contributions.
Daughters Day 2023:24th September

 Daughters are indeed a beautiful treasure in any household. They bring love, laughter and happiness and their
connection with their families persists even as they embark on new chapters in their lives. Unfortunately, in many parts
of the world, including India, gender inequality remains a significant challenge. Daughters often shoulder multiple
responsibilities at the expense of their physical and mental health.
 Daughters Day is celebrated every year on fourth Saturday of the September month. This year, 24th September 2023
marks a special occasion dedicated to celebrating the joy of having a daughter. Daughter’s Day is a beautiful reminder
of the importance of daughters in our lives and an opportunity to express our love and appreciation for them. As our
daughters are the guiding lights of our future, it is crucial to make this day memorable and meaningful.
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International scientists make refined map of world’s '8th continent' Zealandia submerged in Pacific Ocean
A dedicated team of international geologists and seismologists has embarked on a mission to chart the depths of
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Zealandia, a relatively unknown landmass submerged beneath the Pacific Ocean. Their efforts have resulted in the
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creation of an updated and highly detailed map that sheds light on the continent’s intriguing geological features.
 Zealandia, often referred to as the eighth continent, remains shrouded in oceanic mystery, with a staggering 94% of its
expanse concealed beneath the sea’s surface. The remaining 6% peeks above the waves, encompassing islands such as
New Zealand and its neighboring isles.
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APPOINTMENT & RESIGNATIONS
MS Dhoni becomes endorser of Rs 10.50 lakh worth tractor, Anand Mahindra welcomes
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Industrialist Anand Mahindra has welcomed Mahindra Singh Dhoni as the cricketer became a brand ambassador of his
Swaraj Tractors. There have been times when Mahendra Singh Dhoni has expressed his passion for farming. And now,
he has become a brand ambassador of Swaraj Tractors.
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Dhoni’s rise from Ranchi to being one of the most well known cricketers on the planet is a stuff of legends. He has one
of the most inspiring journeys in sports history. He is the most successful Indian cricket team captain who has won the
Cricket Word Cup twice, in the ODI and the T20I formats. Dhoni continues to inspire the young generation with his
intact dedication and seriousness towards his goal. This is the reason the fans continue to show their love and respect
towards the player despite he retiring from international cricket three years back.
From working as a ticket collector at a railway station, Dhoni transformed into India’s biggest trophy collector, leading
the team to ICC T20 World Cup 2007, ICC ODI World Cup 2011 and ICC Champions Trophy 2013 as skipper. MS Dhoni
is undoubtedly one of the greatest captains cricket ever witnessed.
Manish Desai assumes charge of Principal Director General PIB

 The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has made significant appointments, including the transfer of Manish
Desai, the Central Bureau of Communications (CBC) chief, to lead the Press Information Bureau (PIB).
 Manish Desai, a distinguished officer of the Indian Information Service (IIS) since 1989, has taken on several critical
roles in his career. He held the position of CBC chief, overseeing the government’s advertising and public
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communication arm. His responsibilities encompassed a broad spectrum of communication activities across various
media platforms, including print, electronic, outdoor, transit, and new media.
 tr-From 7F3D1E9E 2019 to January 2020, Manish Desai served as the Director General of the Registrar of Newspapers of
5I7E0BNovember
India (RNI). Additionally, he has an impressive six-year tenure as the Additional Director General (ADG) of PIB from
2012 to 2018. He has also held the position of Director General of the West Zone PIB in Mumbai.
Uday Kotak resigns as MD and CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank

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 Uday Kotak has formally resignedtr-5O
from his position as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Kotak
Mahindra Bank, with the change taking effect from September 1st. 2023. However, he will continue to play a vital role
as a non-executive director within the organization until his tenure concludes on December 31, 2023.
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 Dipak Gupta, the joint managing director of Kotak Mahindra Bank, will take on the responsibilities of the Managing
Director and CEO on an interim basis. This transition is subject to approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and
the members of the bank. It reflects the bank’s commitment to maintaining stability and continuity in its leadership.
Senior IIS officer Dr. Vasudha Gupta assumes charge as Principal DG of Akashvani and NSD
 Dr. Vasudha Gupta, a seasoned Senior Indian Information Service officer, has taken charge as the Principal Director
General of Akashvani and News Services Division. This appointment comes after her commendable tenure as Director
General at Akashvani, where she played a pivotal role in revitalizing the iconic broadcasting institution.
 With over 33 years of dedicated service in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, including her tenure as Director
General of the Press Information Bureau (PIB), Dr. Vasudha Gupta brings a wealth of experience and expertise to her
new role.
Lokesh Suji Elected To International Esports Federation Membership Committee For 3-Year Term
 The General Body of the International Esports Federation (IESF) has elected Lokesh Suji, Director of the Esports
Federation of India (ESFI) and Vice-President of the Asian Esports Federation (AESF), to its esteemed Membership
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Committee on a three-year term. This election marks the first time that an Indian has become a part of the membership
committee of the International Esports Federation. The IESF is a global Esports organization working towards
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promoting Esports as a true sport beyond language, race, and culture barriers.
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Its Membership Committee is instrumental in upholding consistency, fairness, and excellence among its members. They
enforce the federation's rules, promote integrity, and nurture unity within the Esports community. The committee also
carefully assesses new member applications to maintain high standards and advance the global Esports mission.
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Mylswamy Annadurai Joins SS Innovations Board
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SS Innovations, India’s renowned surgical robotic firm, has made a groundbreaking announcement by appointing
Padmashri Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai, famously known as the Moon Man of India, as a Director on its Board of Directors.
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This appointment encompasses both the Indian entity, SS Innovations Private Limited, and the global entity, SS
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Innovations International. This strategic move aims to further strengthen the company’s position in the field of surgical
robotics and cutting-edge technologies.
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In his capacity as a Director on the Board of SS Innovations, Padmashri Dr. Annadurai, renowned for leading multiple
space missions, brings invaluable leadership and guidance. Notably, he is poised to lead not just a team of scientists
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but, more significantly, guide a team of engineers responsible for the creation of the world-class surgical robotic system
incorporating the latest technologies and products.
 Dr. Annadurai’s role extends beyond steering SS Innovations internally; he is well-positioned to guide the company
towards potential collaborations with indigenous Indian companies. These collaborations could lead to the
development and production of components currently used in the SSI MANTRA System. Such partnerships would not
only reduce technology costs but also promote high-tech Indian companies on a global stage.
Sandeep Bakshi's re-appointment as ICICI Bank MD & CEO gets RBI approval
 In a significant development, ICICI Bank, the country’s second-largest private sector bank, has announced that it has
received approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the re-appointment of Sandeep Bakhshi as the Managing
Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD and CEO) of the bank. This approval comes as a crucial step in ensuring the
stability and leadership continuity of the bank.
 As per the exchange filing made on September 11, the RBI has approved Sandeep Bakhshi’s re-appointment as MD and
CEO of ICICI Bank with effect from October 4, 2023, extending his term until October 3, 2026. This three-year extension
reflects the confidence of both the board of directors and the RBI tr-
in5OMr. Bakhshi’s
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 Sandeep Bakhshi has been at the helm of ICICI Bank since October 15, 2018, prior to which he held the position of
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Director and Chief Operating Officer (COO). With an impressive 36-year tenure within the ICICI Group,
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Bakhshi brings a wealth of experience to his role. He has contributed significantly to various aspects of the ICICI Group,
including ICICI Limited, ICICI Lombard General Insurance, ICICI Bank, and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance.
Mastercard India appoints former SBI chief Rajnish Kumar as chairman

 Mastercard, the global financial services 7O3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0Ucorporation, has made a significant appointment in its Indian operations by
naming Rajnish Kumar as the Chairman of Mastercard India. This move reflects Mastercard’s commitment to
strengthening its presence in India and navigating the dynamic landscape of domestic payments. Kumar, the former
Chairman of the State Bank of India (SBI), brings a wealth of experience to the role.
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 Rajnish Kumar’s career spans nearly four decades in India’s largest bank, the State Bank of India. During his tenure, he
held various leadership positions and played a pivotal role in managing critical operations not only in India but also in
the UK and Canada. His contributions to the banking sector are well-acknowledged, with one of his notable
achievements being the spearheading of the YONO platform, a groundbreaking digital banking initiative.
 Kumar concluded his three-year term as the Chairman of SBI in October 2020, leaving behind a legacy of banking
excellence. Now, he steps into a new role at Mastercard India, where he will provide guidance and leadership to
Mastercard’s South Asia executive team. This team is headed by Gautam Aggarwal, Division President for South Asia &
Country Corporate Officer, India.
IRS Officer Rahul Navin Appointed In-Charge Chief Of Enforcement Directorate

 IRS (Indian Revenue Service) officer Rahul Navin assumed the role of In-Charge Director of the Enforcement Directorate
(ED), succeeding the outgoing Director Sanjay Kumar Mishra. This transition marks an important development in the
leadership of the ED, a crucial agency responsible for enforcing economic laws and regulations in India. Mr. Navin is
currently serving as the Special Director of the Enforcement Directorate.
 The official order further stated that the tenure of Sanjay Kumar Mishra as the Director of Enforcement in the
Enforcement Directorate concluded on the 15th of September, 2023. This event follows a series of legal developments
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and extensions that ultimately led to the conclusion of Mr. Mishra’s tenure. Sanjay Kumar Mishra was initially appointed
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as the Director of the Enforcement Directorate for a two-year term on November 19, 2018. Later, in a significant
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development, the Central government modified the appointment letter retrospectively through an order dated
November 13, 2020. This modification extended his term from two years to three years.
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Srinivasan K Swamy elected ABC chairman for 2023-24
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In a unanimous decision, Srinivasan K. Swamy, the Executive Chairman of R.K. Swamy Hansa Group, has been elected
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as the Chairman of the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) for the term 2023-2024. This significant appointment reflects
Mr. Swamy’s extensive experience and leadership in the advertising and media industry. Alongside Mr. Swamy, other
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prominent figures were also elected to key positions within the Bureau for the upcoming year.
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Srinivasan K. Swamy is a highly regarded figure in the advertising and media world. He currently serves as the Chairman
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of the Asian Federation of Advertising Associations and has held pivotal leadership roles in numerous prominent
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organizations. These include the International Advertising Association (IAA), IAA India Chapter, Confederation of
Asian Advertising Agency Associations, Advertising Agencies Association of India, Advertising Standards Council of
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India, All India Management Association, Madras Chamber of Commerce & Industry, and Madras Management
Association. Mr. Swamy’s contributions to the industry have been recognized with the prestigious Lifetime
Achievement Award by the Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI).
DIPA appoints Dhananjay Joshi as Chairman, Sandeep Girotra as Vice-Chairman

 Digital Infrastructure Providers Association (DIPA) has appointed Dhananjay Joshi, MD and CEO of Summit Digitel, as
the chairman. Dhananjay Joshi takes over the baton from Akhil Gupta, Chairman of Bharti Enterprises, who served as
Chairman of the industry body since 2011. DIPA named Sandeep Girotra, CEO of American Tower India, as the new vice
chairman of the association.
 The changes in the leadership management will come into effect from October 1, 2023. The telecom industry body
concluded its annual general body meeting for 2022-23, with the announcements of its leadership for the term 2023-24.
Akhil Gupta has accepted the request of the executive committee members to hold the position of Patron Member,
DIPA.
 The Digital Infrastructure Providers Association (DIPA) is a non-profit industry body that represents the digital
infrastructure industry in India. It was founded in 2010 as the Tower and Infrastructure
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but was renamed DIPA in 2020 to reflect the broader scope of its membership.
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PIO named CEO of Penguin Random House
 Nihar Malaviya has been named as permanent CEO of Penguin Random House, nine months after he was appointed
the interim chief executive. Malaviya succeeded Markus Dohle, who departed weeks after a federal judge struck down
Penguin Random House’s attempted merger with Simon & Schuster, a deal Dohle had pushed for. Penguin Random
House, the world’s largest trade publisher, has 1T9T undergoing a company-wide reorganization in 2023, with numerous
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senior editors either laid off or departing under a voluntary retirement plan.
 Bertelsmann, the German media conglomerate, has owned Random House since 1998. Random House and Penguin
merged in 2013.
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 Malaviya, 48, joined Bertelsmann in 2001, and had served in a variety of positions before becoming CEO. He was most
recently COO and president of Penguin Random House in the U.S.
RBI extends tenure of HDFC Bank MD Sashidhar Jagdishan by 3 years

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently given its stamp of approval for the reappointment of Sashidhar Jagdishan
as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of HDFC Bank. This tenure extension will see Jagdishan at
the helm of the bank for an additional three years, extending his leadership until October 26, 2026. This regulatory
decision comes as a significant endorsement of his leadership and strategic vision for one of India’s largest and most
influential banking institutions.
 Sashidhar Jagdishan’s journey within HDFC Bank is nothing short of remarkable. He joined the bank back in 1996 as a
manager within the finance function. Over the years, his dedication and commitment propelled him through the ranks.
By 1999, he had become the Business Head of Finance, a role that showcased his financial acumen and leadership
potential. In 2008, Jagdishan assumed the position of Chief Financial Officer (CFO), a role he excelled in, laying the
foundation for his eventual ascent to the top of the organization.
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Japanese retailer Uniqlo names Katrina Kaif as 1st Indian ambassador
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Japanese clothing giant Uniqlo has announced its partnership with Bollywood actress Katrina Kaif, marking her as the
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brand’s first ambassador in India. This collaboration is part of Uniqlo’s strategy to expand its presence in the Indian
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market and promote its Fall-Winter 2023 campaign.
 Katrina Kaif, a prominent figure in the Indian film industry, has been chosen as the face of Uniqlo’s marketing efforts
in India.
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RBI deputy governor M. Rajeshwar Rao's term extended
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In a recent development, the Central government has granted a one-year extension to M Rajeshwar Rao’s term as Deputy
Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
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M Rajeshwar Rao was originally appointed as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank in October 2020, with a term of
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three years. His initial assignment was to oversee financial regulation within the central bank.
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Rao’s journey within the Reserve Bank of India has been marked by his contributions in various capacities. Before
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becoming Deputy Governor, he held the position of Chief General Manager of the Financial Markets Operations
Department.
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T AWARDS & RECOGNITION
Telangana CIO Dr. Shanta Thoutam honoured with World Innovation Award at BRICS
Telangana’s Chief Innovation Officer (CIO) Shanta Thoutam has been presented with the World Innovation Award at
the first BRICS Innovation Forum hosted at Moscow from August 27 to 29. The award is given for outstanding
contribution to the Sustainable Development Goal-4 that ensures inclusive and equitable quality education and
promotes lifelong opportunities for all. There were representations from more than 30 countries at the forum.
 The other two nominees in the category were Fernando Padula Novaes, Municipal Minister of Education of Sao Paulo
in Brazil and Saif Al-Hiddabi, Undersecretary of Research and Innovation at Ministry of Higher Education, Research,
and Innovation in Oman.
 Shanta Thoutam completed 7 years of her service in the innovation ecosystem of Telangana starting with the role of
Vice President at T-Hub, then Officer on Special Duty (OSD) for State Handlooms and Textiles Department, and
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currently serving as the first woman CIO. tr-5O7N0U7O
 With over 30 countries’ representatives at the first-of-its-kind forum, Shanta Thoutam as one of the panelists in the
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City Conference enlightened about the various pathbreaking initiatives and achievements of the government of
Telangana in the space of open data, digital innovation, and urban development.
Mumbai Professor Satyajit Majumdar honoured with Dr V G Patel Memorial Award 2023
 Mumbai Professor Satyajit Majumdar, dean of School
1T9T of Management and Labour Studies from Tata Institute of Social
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Sciences (TISS), has received thetr-‘Dr V G Patel Memorial Award-2023 for Entrepreneurship Trainer, Educator and
Mentor’ for his work in promoting and strengthening entrepreneurship in India. Patel is widely acknowledged as the
Father of the Entrepreneurship Movement in India.
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 Majumdar’s name was chosen among 400 applicants from 26 states by a jury nominated by the Entrepreneurship
Development Institute of India (EDII), Ahmedabad. Over the last two decades, Majumdar 63, has played an important
role in the development of entrepreneurship, especially in the social sector. Along with his team, he has mentored more
than 350 startups, including 40 in Jammu and Kashmir and group startups in Jhabua, West Bengal. Since joining TISS
in 2010, Majumdar’s main role has been to build an ecosystem for entrepreneurship. In 2012, TISS started a separate
entrepreneurship cell under his leadership.
Indian-American physician-author Siddhartha Mukherjee on UK non-fiction prize list

 A book by Indian-American cancer physician and researcher Dr Siddhartha Mukherjee has been longlisted for the
prestigious 50,000 pound Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction in London. ‘The Song of the Cell: An Exploration of
Medicine and the New Human’, which is among the 13-book longlist announced, highlights how cellular research has
revolutionised medicine, enabling the treatment of life-altering diseases including Alzheimer’s and AIDS.
 The judging panel described the 53-year-old Rhodes scholar’s work as his “most spectacular book yet”.
 His other works include, ‘The Gene: An Intimate History’, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller, and ‘The Emperor
of medicine at Columbia University, Mukherjee graduated from Stanford University, University of Oxford, and Harvard
Medical School. He has published articles in many journals, including Nature, The New England Journal of Medicine,
c m
of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer’, which won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in general nonfiction. An Associate Professor
o
.
Cell, The New York Times and The New Yorker.
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After year’s delay, CSIR’s Bhatnagar awards for 2022 announced
 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has publicised the list of awardees for the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
k e
(SSB) awards for 2022, considered among the prestigious prizes for science in India. After an unexplained delay of nearly
a year in the announcement always made on September 26, the CSIR’s foundation day. The CSIR had announced the
n
Bhatnagar winners for 2021 nearly two years ago.
Name Affiliation Field of Study
Ashwani Kumar
Maddika Subba
Reddy
r a
CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology
Centre for DNA Fingerprinting Diagnostics,
Hyderabad
p
Biological Sciences
Biological Sciences
Akkattu Biju
Debabrata Maiti
Vimal Mishra
Dipti Ranjan Sahoo To Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Chemical Sciences
Chemical Sciences
Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences
Engineering Sciences
Rajnish Kumar Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Engineering Sciences
Apoorva Khare Indian Institute of Science and Mathematical Science
Neeraj Kayal Microsoft Research Lab India Mathematical Science
Dipyaman Ganguly Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata Medical Sciences
Anindya Das Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru Physical Sciences
Basudeb Dasgupta Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Physical Sciences
84 artistes, above 75 years, conferred with Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit Awards
 Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar, in a momentous ceremony, presented the one-time Sangeet Natak Akademi Amrit
9T
3Q1TThe
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Awards to 84 distinguished artistes from various realms of the performing arts. significance of these awards lies in
their aim to honor Indian artists aged above 75 years, who, despite their remarkable contributions, have not received
tr-any 0B7F3D1E9E
5I7Enational recognition in their illustrious careers thus far.
 The list includes three artists from Andhra Pradesh, two from Arunachal Pradesh, and six from Maharashtra.
Furthermore, three recipients each hailed from Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat. Additionally, two artists each from Punjab
and Delhi also received recognition.
Awardee Artistic Genre Contributions / Achievements
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Mahabir Nayak (Jharkhand) Music (Folk) Celebrated for remarkable contributions to music
Harishchandra Prabhakar Borkar Acknowledged for significant contributions to
Theatre
(Maharashtra) theatre
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Awardee Artistic Genre Contributions / Achievements
Dharmeswar Nath (Assam) Dance Lauded for outstanding achievements in dance
Raghubir Malik Hindustani Vocal Notable in the world of Hindustani vocal
Dina Nath Mishra Hindustani Vocal Notable in the world of Hindustani vocal
Gowri Kuppuswamy Carnatic Vocal Lauded for mastery of Carnatic vocal
Anasuya Kulkarni Carnatic Vocal Lauded for mastery of Carnatic vocal
Lalitha Srinivasan Bharatnatyam Spotlight shone for expertise in Bharatnatyam
Vilasini Devi Krishnapillai Bharatnatyam Spotlight shone for expertise in Bharatnatyam
Celebrated for exceptional contributions to
Smita Shastri Kuchipudi
Kuchipudi
Kumkum Lal Odishi Celebrated for exceptional contributions to Odishi
Krishen Langoo (Jammu and Recognized for achievements in theatre and folk
Theatre, Music (Folk)
Kashmir)
John Claro Fernandes (Goa)
Tsering Stanzin (Ladakh)

Playwriting
Folk Music
music
o m
Notable for contributions to playwriting in Goa
c
Recognized for contributions to folk music in
.
Ladakh

Karachi's Erica Robin Wins Miss Universe Pakistan 2023
e rs
Erica Robin, a model from Karachi has been crowned “Miss Universe Pakistan 2023”, becoming the first-ever woman
from the country to win the title. Four other models from different parts of the country participated in the beauty
k
pageant, including Hira Inam from Lahore, Jessical Wilson from Rawalpindi, Pakistani-American Malika Alvi from
n
Pennsylvania, and Sabrina Wasim. Jessica Wilson, a 28-year-old cyber security engineer was named first runner-up
a
while Hira Inam (24), Malyka Alvi (19), and Sabrina Wasim (26) were the rest of the finalists.

r
Award-winning actress, mental health advocate, and former Miss International Kylie Verzosa from the Philippines was
one of the distinguished panel of judges who picked the winner.
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Robin will be the official representative of Pakistan at the Miss Universe pageant, scheduled to be held in El Salvador
later this year. Pakistan will be sending five models to compete in the prestigious Miss Universe pageant. This landmark
moment marks the first time Pakistan has ever been represented in the world’s most esteemed beauty competition.
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'Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar': Government Comes Out With New Set Of National Awards
The Government of India has recently introduced a prestigious set of National Awards in the field of Science,
Technology, and Innovation, known as the “Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar” (RVP). These awards serve a vital role in
recognizing and honoring the exceptional contributions made by scientists, technologists, and innovators who have
significantly impacted various domains of science, technology, and technology-led innovation.
 The primary objective of the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar is to acknowledge and celebrate the remarkable work
accomplished by individuals or teams in the realm of science, technology, and innovation. This initiative aims to inspire
and motivate scientists, technologists, and innovators to continue their pursuit of excellence, driving progress and
innovation in India.
 The Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar stands as one of the highest honors within the scientific and technological community
in India. It encompasses individuals from diverse backgrounds, including those working in government, private sector
organizations, or as independent contributors to the scientific and technological landscape. The awards recognize path-
breaking research, innovative discoveries, and technological advancements that have made a significant impact on
3Q1T9T
society. tr-5O7N0U7O
1E9E
tr-National
5I7E0B7F3DMedical Commission Achieves Prestigious WFME
 The National Medical Commission (NMC) of India has achieved a remarkable milestone by receiving a prestigious 10-
year Recognition Status from the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME). This recognition signifies a
significant achievement for NMC and India’s medical education sector, highlighting their commitment to maintaining
the highest standards of medical education and accreditation.
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 The WFME recognition is a testament to7Othe fact that Indian medical colleges have successfully met international
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standards in medical education. This recognition not only reflects positively on the quality of medical education in India
but also aligns it with global benchmarks. This alignment has the potential to enhance the credibility and reputation of
Indian medical institutions on the world stage.
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 One of the most notable benefits of this recognition is the increased access it provides to Indian medical graduates
seeking postgraduate training and medical practice abroad. Many countries, including the United States, Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand, require WFME recognition for foreign medical qualifications. As a result, Indian medical
professionals can now explore international opportunities more readily, furthering their careers and experiences.
Indian-origin author Chetna Maroo's debut novel shortlisted for Booker Prize 2023
 The Booker Prize 2023 judging panel has unveiled the final list of six novels, carefully curated from the “Booker dozen”
longlist of 13 titles. These novels were selected from a pool of 163 books, published between October of the previous
year and September of the current year. The announcement of the prize is scheduled for November 26th.
 London-based Indian-origin author Chetna Maroo‘s debut novel, ‘Western Lane,’ has earned a well-deserved place on
the prestigious Booker Prize shortlist. The novel tells the poignant story of an 11-year-old British Gujarati girl named
Gopi and her profound bonds with her family. At its core, ‘Western Lane’ explores the challenges faced by an immigrant
father who endeavors to raise his family as a single parent. What sets this novel apart is its unique use of the sport of
squash as a metaphor for complex human emotions, a choice celebrated by the Booker judges.
Waheeda Rehman to be conferred with Dadasaheb Phalke Award for her stellar contribution to Indian
Cinema
c o m
.
 Today on September 26, 2023, Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Anurag Thakur, announced that the
rs
seasoned and accomplished actor, Waheeda Rehman, will be honored with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Lifetime
Achievement Award, India’s highest recognition in the world of cinema.
 Waheeda Rehman’s illustrious career is synonymous with excellence. She has etched her name in the annals of Indian
k e
cinema as one of its finest talents. Known for her versatility, she has delivered unforgettable performances in a myriad
of iconic films, including “Pyaasa,” “CID,” “Guide,” “Kaagaz Ke Phool,” “Khamoshi,” and “Trishul.” Her contributions to
n
the world of cinema have left an indelible mark that resonates with audiences across generations.
 Union Minister Anurag Thakur, taking to Twitter, expressed his immense happiness and honor in bestowing this
her role in shaping the industry into what it is today.
p r a
prestigious award upon Waheeda Rehman. He highlighted her stellar contributions to Indian cinema, acknowledging
o
Waheeda Rehman to be conferred with Dadasaheb Phalke Award for her stellar contribution to Indian
Cinema
T
 Today on September 26, 2023, Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Anurag Thakur, announced that the
seasoned and accomplished actor, Waheeda Rehman, will be honored with the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Lifetime
Achievement Award, India’s highest recognition in the world of cinema.
 Waheeda Rehman’s illustrious career is synonymous with excellence. She has etched her name in the annals of Indian
cinema as one of its finest talents. Known for her versatility, she has delivered unforgettable performances in a myriad
of iconic films, including “Pyaasa,” “CID,” “Guide,” “Kaagaz Ke Phool,” “Khamoshi,” and “Trishul.” Her contributions to
the world of cinema have left an indelible mark that resonates with audiences across generations.
 Union Minister Anurag Thakur, taking to Twitter, expressed his immense happiness and honor in bestowing this
prestigious award upon Waheeda Rehman. He highlighted her stellar contributions to Indian cinema, acknowledging
her role in shaping the industry into what it is today.
BOOK & AUTHOR

‘Ajay to Yogi Adityanath’ creates history with 67 launches in eight states
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 The recently launched graphic novel, ‘Ajay to Yogi Adityanath,’ has tr-5Omade history by achieving the highest number of
book launches, earning it a place in the Asia Book of Records. This remarkable novel, penned by renowned author
1E9E
5I7E0B7F3DGupta,
tr-Shantanu delves into the life of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, tracing his journey from humble
beginnings to the pinnacle of political leadership.
 ‘Ajay to Yogi Adityanath’ is not just a graphic novel; it’s a historical record of a remarkable journey. Yogi Adityanath’s
life story, as vividly depicted by Shantanu Gupta, serves as an inspiration for countless individuals striving to overcome
obstacles and make a significant impact on society. 9T This graphic novel not only breaks records but also sheds light on
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the incredible journey of a man who rose from the hinterlands of Uttarakhand to lead India’s most populous state, Uttar
Pradesh.
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 Shantanu Gupta is a famous writer who has penned two bestseller novels. His latest graphic novel based on the life of
Yogi Adityanath has so far been launched in eight states, namely, UP, Delhi, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Assam.
IMPORTANT DAY
World Coconut Day 2023: September 02
 Every year, World Coconut Day is celebrated on September 2. The day is celebrated to understand the benefits of this
fruit and promote awareness. In India, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh are the main
states that grow coconuts.
 Coconuts are one of the most loved fruits in India. The country produces a lot of coconut every year, and the flesh is
used in a range of dishes across India. From making sweet dishes with coconut to using the coir to make ropes. Every
bit of coconut can be used, and it is a highly nutritious food as well.

m
The flesh of the coconut, also known as kernel, is an excellent fruit to consume. Loaded with benefits, coconuts are used
in a range of dishes. Coconut milk and oil are also extracted from the fruit. Used both for cooking and nourishing the
hair and face, coconut oil makes for a healthy alternative to other cooking oils. Coconut milk is a very important
c o
ingredient in a range of cuisines. Coconut water is a healthy beverage as well. Coconut coir is used for making ropes,
rugs and doormats.
.

Teacher’s Day 2023: September 5th
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National Teachers’ Day in India is celebrated on September 5th every year. It is a day to honor and celebrate the
contributions of teachers to society. The day is also observed as a tribute to the memory of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan,
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the second President of India from 1962 to 1967. Dr. Radhakrishnan was a scholar, philosopher, and teacher. He was
r an
also a strong advocate for education and believed that teachers played a vital role in shaping the future of the nation.
In 1962, when his students asked him to celebrate his birthday, he requested that they instead observe September 5th
as Teachers’ Day. This year Teacher’s Day 2023 is celebrated on Monday.
On National Teachers’ Day, schools and educational institutions hold special events to honor teachers. Teachers are
o p
given gifts, flowers, and other tokens of appreciation. Students also perform cultural programs and give speeches to
express their gratitude to their teachers. National Teachers’ Day is a day to reflect on the importance of teachers in our
lives. Teachers are the ones who help us learn and grow, and they deserve our respect and appreciation.

T
International Literacy Day 2023: 8th September
International Literacy Day is celebrated on September 8 every year to promote the importance of literacy for dignity
and human rights, and a literate and sustainable society. The day is celebrated by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) at the global, regional, country, and local levels across the world.
The theme ‘Promoting literacy for a world in transition: Building the foundation for sustainable and peaceful societies’.
Under this theme, Literacy Day 2023 will be celebrated at the global, regional, country, and local levels across the world.
At the global level, a conference will be organized in person and online on Friday, 8 September 2023, in Paris, France.
This global celebration will include the award ceremony of the UNESCO International Literacy Prizes to announce this
year’s outstanding prizewinning programmes.
World physiotherapy day 2023: 8th September

 World Physical Therapy Day recognises and celebrates the significant contributions of physical therapists and
physiotherapists in promoting health and well-being. It serves as an opportunity to raise awareness about the crucial
9T
0U7O3Q1Tchronic
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role these professionals play in helping people recover from injuries, conditions, and improve their
overall physical function and quality of life. This day also highlights the importance of physical therapy in healthcare
tr-systems 3D1E9E
5I7E0B7Fworldwide and encourages further research and development in this field.
 World Physical Therapy Day is celebrated on September 8 every year.
 Theme of World Physical Therapy Day 2023: Arthritis" is the theme for World Physical Therapy Day 2023. Rheumatoid
arthritis and axial spondylarthritis are two types of inflammatory arthritis that will be highlighted on this day. The
theme of last year's World Physical Therapy Day was osteoarthritis.
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International Day to Protect Education from Attack 2023:9th September
 The International Day to Protect Education from Attack is an international observance established by the United
Nations General Assembly on September 9 every year. It was established in response to the growing number of attacks
on schools and educational institutions around the world. These attacks can take many forms, including shelling,
bombing, and occupation. They can also include the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict.
 The International Day to Protect Education from Attack is an important day to raise awareness of the issue of attacks
on education and to call for action to protect the right to education for all children.
 It is a reminder that education is a fundamental human right. The right to education is enshrined in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and other international treaties. However, this right is often violated in armed conflict.
 It is a call to action to protect schools and educational institutions from attack. Attacks on education can have a
devastating impact on children’s lives. They can disrupt education, leading to learning loss and increased dropout rates.
They can also lead to physical and psychological harm and even death.
Himalaya Diwas 2023: 9th September

 Himalaya Day or Himalaya Diwas is celebrated every year on 9 September with an aim to preserve the Himalayan
ecosystem and region. The Himalayas play an important role in saving and maintaining nature and protecting the
c
country from adverse weather conditions. Apart from being rich in biodiversity of flowers and fauna, the Himalayan
o m
.
range is also responsible for bringing rain to the country. Himalaya Day is also an excellent day to raise awareness
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among the general public and bring about community participation in conservation activities. This year nation
celebrates 14th Himalaya Diwas.
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e
This day is celebrated to mark the importance of the Himalayas. The Himalayan hill cities face many challenges due to
poor building planning and design, poor infrastructure like roads, water supply, sewage etc. and unprecedented felling

of trees. This results in serious ecological issues.
Suicide Prevention Awareness Day 2023: 10th September
an k
Every year, World Suicide Prevention Day is celebrated on September 10. The day is dedicated to educate and aware
p r
people about the measures to prevent the suicides that are currently increasing at an alarming rate across the globe.
Suicide is a major public health issue that needs to be addressed in order to eradicate it from the society. Lack of
o
awareness is one of the main factors contributing to the worldwide rise in suicide mortality rates each year.
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “It is estimated that there are currently more than 700 000
T
suicides per year worldwide. The 10 September each year aims to focus attention on the issue, reduces stigma and raises
awareness among organizations, governments, and the public, giving a singular message that suicides are preventable.”
 The theme of World Suicide Prevention Day 2023 is “Creating Hope Through Action”. The theme reflects the need for
collective, action to address this urgent public health issue. All of us- family members, friends, co-workers, community
members, educators, religious leaders, healthcare professionals, political officials and governments- can take action to
prevent suicide.
United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation Day 2023: 12 September

 United Nations Day for South-South Cooperation, on September 12 of every year, is celebrated by several countries
around the world. The United Nations’ Day for South-South Cooperation celebrates the economic, social and political
developments made in recent years by regions and countries in the South and highlights United Nations efforts to work
on technical cooperation among developing countries.
 The International Labour Organization (ILO) plays a pivotal role in championing workers’ rights on a global scale, and
in an increasingly interconnected world it recognizes the significance of South-South and triangular cooperation as a
key avenue for achieving its mission. The ILO has also helped to establish
tr-5O the
7N0U7O3Q role of South-South collaboration in
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supporting countries to meet their development goals, and in the achievement of the global Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs).
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1E9E
 This year the ILO has partnered with the governments of Brazil, China and India to launch new programmes and
reaffirm commitments.
 Funded by the government of Brazil, a programme on South-South Cooperation for Social Justice in the Global South,
and a programme on Public Employment Services and Skills development in ASEAN, funded by the government of
China, have been launched. A project 3Q1T9T
tr-5Oin
7Nthe
0U7OCaribbean on skills development and climate change, which is closing phase
one, is receiving new impetus for a second phase through the United Nations India Fund.
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International Day of Democracy 2023: 15th September
 The International Day of Democracy, celebrated on September 15th each year, is a global observance that underscores
the importance of democracy as a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of good governance and peace.
Established in 2007 by a resolution passed by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), this day serves as a
reminder of the essential role that democracy plays in shaping societies worldwide.
 Democracy, derived from the Greek words ‘demos’ (meaning a citizen of a city-state) and ‘kratos’ (meaning ‘power’ or
‘rule’ form of government), is a core value of the United Nations. It encompasses principles such as respect for human
rights, fundamental freedoms, and the practice of holding periodic and genuine elections through universal suffrage.
At its core, democracy empowers citizens to elect their leaders and actively participate in decision-making processes
that impact their lives.
 The theme for the International Day of Democracy in 2023 is “Empowering the next generation.” This theme highlights
the pivotal role that young people play in advancing democracy and emphasizes the importance of including their voices
in decisions that profoundly affect their world. Recognizing and nurturing the engagement of youth in democratic
processes is crucial for the future of democracy.

International Day for Interventional Cardiology 2023: 16th September
The International Day for Interventional Cardiology, celebrated annually on 16 September, is a significant occasion
c o m
.
dedicated to recognizing the crucial field of interventional cardiology and its impact on heart health worldwide. This
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day serves as a platform to raise awareness, acknowledge advancements, and emphasize the importance of
interventional cardiology in saving lives.
 Interventional cardio-angiology improves health, increases life expectancy and improves the quality of life. The first
the procedure that has saved the most grams of myocardium at risk worldwide.
k e
coronary angioplasty was performed by Dr. Andreas Grüntzig on 16 September 1977. Since then angioplasty has been

World Lymphoma Awareness Day 2023: 15 September
an
World Lymphoma Awareness Day (WLAD) is an annual event observed on September 15th. It is dedicated to increasing
r
awareness about lymphoma, a group of blood cancers that affect the lymphatic system, a crucial part of our immune

types.
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system. Lymphomas come in various forms, with Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma being the two main
o
In summary, World Lymphoma Awareness Day is a day of global significance. It not only informs the public about
T
lymphoma but also supports patients and their families, promotes research, fights stigma, and advocates for better
healthcare access. Through these efforts, we move closer to a world where lymphoma is better understood and more
effectively treated.
World Ozone Day 2023: 16th September

 World Ozone Day, also known as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, is observed annually
on 16th September. This day serves as a reminder of the critical role played by the ozone layer in safeguarding our planet
Earth. The ozone layer, primarily composed of Trioxygen molecules (O3), acts as a shield against harmful Ultraviolet
(UV) rays from the sun.
 The theme for World Ozone Day 2023 is “Montreal Protocol: Fixing the Ozone Layer and Reducing Climate Change.”
This theme emphasizes the pivotal role of the Montreal Protocol in not only protecting the ozone layer but also
mitigating climate change.
World Alzheimer’s Day 2023: 21st September

 World Alzheimer’s Day, observed on September 21 every year, is a tr- global initiative
5O7N0U 7O3Q1T9Taimed at increasing awareness about
Alzheimer’s disease and reducing the stigma associated with it and other forms of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease, the
most prevalent
1E9E type of dementia, accounts for 60-70% of dementia cases. It is a progressive brain disorder that affects
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memory, cognitive function, and behavior, gradually impacting an individual’s daily life. This article delves into the
significance of World Alzheimer’s Day 2023, its theme, and essential information about Alzheimer’s disease.
 In 2023, the theme for Alzheimer’s Day is ‘Never Too Early, Never Too Late.’ This theme emphasises the crucial
importance of identifying risk factors and taking proactive steps to reduce those risks.
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World Rose Day 2023: 22nd September
 World Rose Day, also known as The Welfare of Cancer Patients Day, is an annual observance held on September 22nd.
It is a day dedicated to honoring and supporting individuals worldwide who are courageously battling cancer. This
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poignant day serves as a reminder of the resilience of cancer patients and aims to spread awareness about the challenges
they face while inspiring them to maintain a positive outlook on their journey toward recovery.
 World Rose Day finds its roots in the touching story of Melinda Rose, a 12-year-old Canadian cancer patient.
 Melinda was diagnosed with Askin’s Tumor, one of the rarest blood cancers, in 1994. Her prognosis was bleak, with
doctors predicting just a few weeks of life.
 Despite the grim prognosis, Melinda defied expectations and lived for six more months, spreading joy and hope among
fellow cancer patients.
World Rivers Day 2023: 24th September

 World Rivers Day, observed on the fourth Sunday in September each year, is a global celebration that underscores the
immense value of our rivers and aims to raise public awareness about their significance. This year it will be marked on
September 24. This annual event also advocates for the conservation and sustainable management of these vital natural
resources.
 The inception of World Rivers Day in 2005 can be traced back to the United Nations’ launch of the Water for Life
Decade, spearheaded by Canadian river advocate Mark Angelo. This day’s roots are deeply embedded in BC Rivers Day,
an event initiated by Angelo in British Columbia, Canada, in 1980. While BC Rivers Day consistently occurs on the
c o
fourth Sunday of September, it serves as the inspiration for the global celebration, making the date for World Rivers
m
.
Day adaptable but consistently in September.
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World Day of the Deaf 2023: 24th September

e
World Day of the Deaf, observed every year on the last Sunday in September, is a global celebration that sheds light on
the challenges faced by the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. This year, it will fall on September 24. This day is

n
history, significance, and key objectives of World Day of the Deaf.
a k
dedicated to recognizing their linguistic and cultural diversity, promoting sign language as a crucial means of
communication, and advocating for their inclusion and equal opportunities in society. In this article, we delve into the
The World Federation of the Deaf (WFD), a global NGO committed to advancing the rights and living standards of the
p r
deaf community, initiated the observance of World Deaf Day in 1958.
The 72nd anniversary of World Deaf Day in 2023 holds particular significance for the WFD.
 To
World Environmental Health Day 2023:26th September
Every year on September 26, World Environmental Health Day is celebrated to highlight the intricate relationship
between humans and their environment. This annual observance emphasizes the profound impact of our surroundings
on our well-being and aims to promote healthier and safer communities worldwide.
Environmental Health is a critical branch of public health that focuses on examining and enhancing the connection
between human beings and their environment. It encompasses various facets of our daily lives, including our living
spaces, food, surroundings, and the air we breathe.
 Fostering Healthy Communities: Environmental Health endeavors to create communities that are not only safe but
also conducive to promoting overall human and environmental well-being.
 Promoting Human Health: By addressing environmental factors, it contributes significantly to improving human health
and ensuring a better quality of life for all.
World Environmental Health Day 2023:26th September

 Every year on September 26, World Environmental Health Day is celebrated to highlight the intricate relationship
between humans and their environment. This annual observance emphasizes the profound impact of our surroundings
on our well-being and aims to promote healthier and safer communities 7O3Q1T9T
worldwide.
tr-5O7N0U
 Environmental Health is a critical branch of public health that focuses on examining and enhancing the connection
1E9E beings and their environment. It encompasses various facets of our daily lives, including our living
tr-between human
5I7E0B7F3D
spaces, food, surroundings, and the air we breathe.
 Fostering Healthy Communities: Environmental Health endeavors to create communities that are not only safe but
also conducive to promoting overall human and environmental well-being.
Promoting Human Health: By addressing environmental factors, it contributes significantly to improving human health
and ensuring a better quality of life 0U7O3Q1T9T
for7Nall.
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OBITUARY
Heath Streak, former Zimbabwe cricket captain, dies aged 49
 Zimbabwe’s former captain Heath Streak has passed away at the age of 49, following a long battle with colon and liver
cancer. He was Born in Bulawayo, Streak, a cricketing legend, was particularly known for his prowess as a fast bowler.
He held the distinction of being Zimbabwe’s all-time leading wicket-taker in Test cricket, having taken 216 wickets at
an average of 28.14.
 Additionally, he scored 1990 runs at an average of 22.35 in Test matches. In One Day Internationals (ODIs), Streak
claimed 239 wickets at an average of 29.82 and scored 2,943 runs at 28.29.
Piloo Reporter, the first among neutral umpires in Tests, dies at 84

 Piloo Reporter, a former international umpire, passed away on September 3 at a Thane hospital, Mumbai. He was 84
years old and had been dealing with cerebral contusions, leading to an extended period of bedridden illness.
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m
In his long and illustrious career spanning 28 years, Piloo Reporter known for his jovial nature and vigorous style of
signaling boundaries, stood in 14 Tests and 22 ODIs. His unique way of signaling boundaries earned him the affectionate
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nickname “PD” in the cricketing fraternity.
Reporter’s remarkable skills as an umpire came into the spotlight when he stood in seven matches during the 1992
.c o
Cricket World Cup held in Australia and New Zealand. His contributions to the game were celebrated not only in India
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but on the international stage as well.
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Arun Kumar Sinha, Director of SPG Responsible For PM’s Protection, Passes Away
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Arun Kumar Sinha, who served as the Director of the Special Protection Group (SPG), has passed away at the age of 61
while undergoing treatment at a hospital in Gurugram, where he had been receiving medical care for some time. Sinha
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security.
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held a pivotal role in the security apparatus of the country, as he was responsible for providing proximate security to
the Prime Minister of India. This significant duty underscores the magnitude of his contributions to the nation’s
Arun Kumar Sinha, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the 1987 Kerala cadre, had a distinguished career spanning
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multiple decades. His journey in the Special Protection Group (SPG) began in March 2016, when he assumed the role
of its 12th director. His appointment was made on a contractual basis, lasting until May 31, 2024, at the rank and
compensation level of director general of police. On May 31, he was granted a one-year extension in service,
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underscoring his unwavering commitment to his responsibilities. This tenure allowed him to lead the SPG with utmost
dedication and professionalism.
Malini Rajurkar, Hindustani vocalist whose 'tappa' renditions were epic, passes away at 82
Noted Hindustani classical vocalist Malini Rajurkar, who epitomised simplicity and depth, passed away in a Hyderabad
hospital. She was 82 and had been suffering from age-related ailments. She has performed in major music festivals in
India, including Gunidas Sammelan (Mumbai), Tansen Samaroh (Gwalior), Sawai Gandharva Festival (Pune), and
Shankar Lal Festival (Delhi). She is noted especially for her command over the Tappa and the Tarana genre. She has
also sung lighter music. Her renditions of Marathi natyageete, pandu-nrupati janak jaya, naravar krishnasamaan, ya
bhavanatil geet purane have been particularly popular.
 Malini Rajurkar was born in Ajmer in Rajasthan in 1941. She studied music from the Ajmer Music College, under the
guidance of Govindrao Rajurkar and his nephew Vasantrao Rajurkar, who was to become her future husband. She was
an exponent of Gwalior gharana and one of the foremost proponents of ‘khayal’ and ‘tappa’ genre.
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UK scientist Ian Wilmut, creator of ‘Dolly’ the Sheep clone, passes tr-5O7N0U
away at 79
 Wilmut made headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when he and his team created Dolly, the first mammal to
1E9E
0B7F3Dfrom
tr-be cloned
5I7E an adult cell.
 British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died
at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday.
 His death on Sunday years after being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease was announced by the University of
Edinburgh, where he worked. 3Q1T9T
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 Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines
and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell.
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Former Italian president Napolitano dies aged 98
 Former Italian President Giorgio Napolitano has died at the age of 98. His passing marks the end of an era in Italian
politics, as he was not only the longest-serving president but also a central figure in shaping the country’s post-war
history.
 Giorgio Napolitano, who served as the President of Italy from 2006 until 2015, was a pivotal figure in the nation’s political
landscape. He holds the distinction of being the first president in Italian history to be reelected to the office, a testament
to his widespread popularity and the trust placed in him by the Italian people.
Michael Gambon, Dumbledore in 'Harry Potter,' dies at 82

 The world of acting mourns the loss of a legendary talent, as Michael Gambon, renowned for his portrayal of Professor
Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series, has passed away at the age of 82.
 Born in Ireland on October 19, 1940, Gambon was raised in London. Gambon’s breakthrough in the world of acting came
in 1980 when he delivered a mesmerizing performance in Bertolt Brecht’s “Life of Galileo” at London’s National Theatre.
 It was this performance that prompted actor Ralph Richardson to famously refer to him as “the great Gambon.” Even
though he had previously enjoyed modest success in plays by Alan Ayckbourn and Harold Pinter, it was this portrayal
that truly catapulted him into the spotlight.
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Ashwin Dani, non-executive director of Asian Paints, passes away at the age of 79
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 The world of business recently bid farewell to a visionary leader, Ashwin Dani, the Co-founder & non-executive director
of Asian Paints, who passed away on 28 September 2023 at the age of 79.
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Ashwin Dani’s association with Asian Paints was nothing short of legendary. This iconic company, which began its
journey in 1942, was founded by his father and three others. Ashwin Dani joined Asian Paints in 1968, and under his
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leadership, the company witnessed unprecedented growth and expansion.
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One of Ashwin Dani’s most significant achievements was the global expansion of Asian Paints.
a RANKS & REPORTS
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India Ranks 30th On The Best Countries List, Switzerland Tops While United States Slips To 5th
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Switzerland has once again claimed the title of the world’s best country, according to the latest U.S. News & World
Report’s annual Best Countries rankings. This marks Switzerland’s second consecutive year at the pinnacle and its sixth
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time overall as the No. 1 nation on the list.
Switzerland excels particularly in entrepreneurship (No. 6), quality of life (No. 6), social purpose (No. 8), and cultural
influence (No. 8). It also claims the top spot for being open for business.
The rankings, released recently, reaffirm Switzerland’s supremacy, closely followed by Canada at No. 2, Sweden at No.
3, Australia at No. 4, and the United States at No. 5. The United States has slipped one spot compared to its 2022 ranking.
In the 2023 rankings, European countries dominate the top tier, securing 16 of the top 25 spots.
Infosys only Indian firm in TIME’s top 100 World's Best Companies of 2023
 In a remarkable achievement, Infosys, the Bengaluru-headquartered IT services provider, has secured a coveted spot on
TIME magazine’s ‘The World’s Best Companies of 2023’ list. Infosys stands out as the only Indian company to make it
into the top 100 rankings, claiming the 64th position with an impressive overall score of 88.38. Notably, the company
has earned a ‘very high’ growth rate, a testament to its commitment to excellence. On sustainability, Infosys ranked 135,
and 103 for employee-satisfaction.
 Founded in 1981 by four engineers, including NR Narayana Murthy, Infosys has 9Tgrown into India’s second-largest IT
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company in terms of revenue. The company’s illustrious history is marked by its dedication to technological excellence
and innovation.9E
Notably, Infosys has a prominent connection to the political landscape of the United Kingdom, as the
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tr-son-in-law of NR Narayana Murthy is Rishi Sunak, who serves as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
SPORTS
2023 F1 Italian GP results: Max Verstappen 3Q1T9T
tr-5O7N0U7O wins, sets record
 Max Verstappen has won the Italian Grand Prix and sets a new record for the most consecutive wins in Formula 1 history
with 10. Sergio Perez made it a Red Bull 1-2 after he got ahead of Carlos Sainz following a fierce battle with the Ferrari
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driver in the closing stages. With Leclerc fourth, George Russell was fifth despite being issued a five-second time penalty
for gaining an advantage off the track.
 Lewis Hamilton recovered to sixth place on the road and also overcame a five-second punishment for making contact
with McLaren’s Oscar Piastri. Alexander Albon was seventh, fending off Lando Norris who was stuck in the rear mirrors
of the Williams driver for much of the Grand Prix. Fernando Alonso was ninth, while Valtteri Bottas took Alfa Romeo’s
first points since Canada.
Durand Cup finals: Mohun Bagan SG defeats East Bengal 1-0

 Mohun Bagan Super Giant beat East Bengal (1-0) to win the Durand Cup 2023 trophy at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata,
West Bengal. With this victory, Mohun Bagan SG became the first team in Durand Cup history to win 17 titles.
 With 16 titles, East Bengal are the second-most successful team in the Durand Cup. With this victory, Mohun Bagan SG
became the first team in Durand Cup history to win 17 titles. With 16 titles, East Bengal are the second-most successful
team in the Durand Cup.
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Indian Men's Hockey team beat Pakistan in thrilling final to win inaugural Men's Hockey 5s Asia Cup
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In Hockey, India beat Pakistan in penalty shootout in the final to win the inaugural Men’s Hockey 5s Asia Cup 2023 in
Salalah, Oman. The win also served as Asia’s qualifying tournament for the FIH Men’s Hockey5s World Cup Oman 2024.
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Subsequently, India qualified for the FIH Men’s Hockey5s World Cup Oman 2024.
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This is the first time in three meetings that India have beaten Pakistan in the Hockey 5s format. From 2-4 down in the
second half, India took the game to the shootout after two goals from Mohammed Raheel. In the shootout, Pakistan
missed all their chances while Maninder Singh hit the hammer in the coffin to score India’s second goal in the shootout.
Earlier in the evening, India thrashed Malaysia 10-4 in the semifinals.
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Thailand's Nattaya Boochatham becomes first bowler from associate nation to pick up 100 Wickets in WT20Is
 Thailand women’s cricket team’s star spinner Nattaya Boochatham created history with her three wickets against
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Kuwait in the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup Asia Region Qualifier, September 4. Nattaya completed 100 wickets in T20Is
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to become the first-ever cricketer, male or female, to reach the 100-wicket mark in international cricket.
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The 36-year-old spin all-rounder now has taken 101 wickets in 73 ODI matches at an average of 9.96 and becomes the
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first-ever cricketer to take 100 wickets at a bowling average below 10. She becomes the only 11th cricketer in the world
with 100 T20I wickets in women’s cricket but possesses the best bowling average in the list. She will join the current
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world no.1 bowler Sophie Ecclestone’s 102 wickets tally if she picks one wicket in Thailand’s next game against Hong
Kong on September 6.
 The veteran off-spinner pulled off a sensational spell with three wickets while conceding just three runs in three overs
against Kuwait. However, the game was abandoned after nine-play rain interrupted the crucial qualifier fixture at
Selangor Turf Club in Kuala Lumpur. Thailand still stand a chance to progress into the semi-final round.
Indian armwrestlers win 11 medals at World Armwrestling Championship 2023

 In a remarkable display, the Indian contingent which went to compete in the 44th World Armwrestling Championship
2023 and 25th PARA Armwrestling Championship, which was held in Almaty, Kazakhstan, won a total of 11 Medals (3
Gold, 6 Silver and 2 Bronze Medals). The Championship was held from August 24 till September 3. Indian Arm wrestlers
dominate at World Armwrestling Championship 2023.
 The 43-member strong (39 athletes and 4 officials) Indian squad was competing under the banner of People’s
Armwrestling Federation of India led by President Ms. Preeti Jhangiani, General Secretary and Head coach Laxman
Singh Bhandari and Team Manager Junestar Kharbuli.
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India’s Praggnanandhaa Finishes Third, Grischuk Takes Open Blitz Title
 tr-At the
5I7E 2023
0B7F3D1ETata
9E Steel Chess India tournament held in Kolkata, R Praggnanandhaa from India achieved an impressive
third-place finish, establishing himself as the leading Indian contender. In the Open Blitz category, world champion
Alexander Grischuk exhibited his dominance by securing the top position, while Arjun Erigaisi secured the second-best
position among Indian participants, securing fourth place in the Chess tournament.
 R Praggnanandhaa made a strong start to the tournament, remaining unbeaten in his initial four games. He displayed
his exceptional skills in a fine attacking game 9T
3Q1Tagainst Teimour Radjabov, which set the tone for his performance.
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However, his journey was not without hurdles, as he encountered defeats in crucial matches against Nodirbek
Abdusattorov, Alexander Grischuk, and Vidit Gujrathi.
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 Arjun Erigaisi demonstrated remarkable consistency throughout the tournament, securing fourth place overall with 10
and a half points. He stunned the chess world by defeating Grischuk in the 13th round, marking the only loss for the
two-time world blitz champion in the event. Erigaisi’s ability to compete at such a high level solidified his status as one
of India’s promising chess talents.
Kishore Jena wins Indian grand Prix with throw of 82.53m

 Kishore Jena and Amoj Jacob, who excelled at the Budapest World Championships last month, continued their good
form to win gold medals at the Indian Grand Prix 5 2023 athletics in Chandigarh on Sunday.
 Kishore Jena’s best attempt in the javelin throw of 82.53m came on his first try. His subsequent throws read 80.74m,
81.56m and 78.39m. The 28-year-old athlete fouled on the fifth attempt and concluded with 78.98m.
 All of Kishore Jena’s legal throws were better than the second-placed Vikas Yadav, who achieved the distance of 72.88m.
Rajasthan’s Harish Kumar came third with a throw of 71.78m.
 Kishore Jena missed out on a medal at the world championships last month and finished fifth with his personal best
throw of 84.77m. Olympic champion Neeraj Chopra holds the national record of 89.94m.
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India's Kiran george clinches Indonesia badminton masters title
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Indian badminton player Kiran George clinched the men’s singles title at the Indonesia Masters 2023 in Medan, North
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Sumatra on Sunday.
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 Playing at the GOR PBSI Pancing court, Kiran George, 50th in the badminton rankings, beat world No. 82 Koo Takahashi
of Japan 21-19, 22-20 in 56 minutes to claim his second BWF World Tour Super 100 badminton title. Kiran George won
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the Odisha Open last year, beating compatriot Priyanshu Rawat in the final.
 In the Indonesia Masters final, Kiran George and Koo Takahashi matched each other’s intensity in the first game.
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However, after the scores were tied at 15-all, Kiran George won six of the next 10 points to take a 1-0 lead.
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The second game also got off to a similar start. The 23-year-old Indian shuttler amped up his game after the scores were
level at 6-all to take a five-point lead at 16-11.
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Germany beat Serbia to win first ever FIBA basketball world cup
A Dennis Schroder-inspired Germany beat Serbia 83-77 to lift basketball's 2023 FIBA World Cup on Sunday, 10
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September.
 Despite going down 26-23 in the first quarter, the Germans, playing in their first-ever final, refused to be overawed by
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the occasion.
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Inspired by the intensity of Isaac Bonga on both sides of the ball and Toronto Raptor Schroder's three-point magic, they
responded by taking an early four-point lead in the second.
After weathering a rally from Serbia, the teams went into half-time locked at 47-47. The lead had changed hands 15
times by this point, a testament to a high quality, but even contest.
With a capacity crowd at fever pitch, Germany stepped on the gas in the third quarter to open up an 11-point lead when
Serbia called a time-out.
Maharashtra beat Karnataka with the final score 31-10 in the finals to win Championship
 Maharashtra clinched the title of champions in the 5th National Wheelchair Rugby Championship 2023 by securing a
convincing victory over Karnataka, concluding with a final score of 31-10. This championship, which took place at
Balewadi in Pune from September 10 to September 11, 2023, was marked by intense competition and served as a
testament to the impressive development of wheelchair rugby in India.
 The 5th National Wheelchair Rugby Championship 2023 was organized by The Indian Rugby Football Union (Rugby
1T9Tthe Wheelchair Rugby Federation of
India), the governing body for rugby in India. It was conducted in tr- 5O7N0U7O3Q
association with
India and Mitsubishi Corporation. This collaborative effort aimed to promote and expand the sport of wheelchair rugby
1E9E
tr-across the
5I7E0B7F3Dnation.
 The championship saw an overwhelming participation of over 120 athletes from different parts of India, making it a
truly national event. This massive turnout reflected the growing interest and enthusiasm for wheelchair rugby in the
country.
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0U7O4-year 1T9T
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Tennis: Former No. 1 Simona Halep ban in doping case
 The ITIA (International Tennis Integrity Agency) has taken decisive action against two-time Grand Slam champion
Simona Halep, handing her a four-year ban from professional tennis due to violations of the sport’s anti-doping
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program. This move follows Halep’s positive test for Roxadustat at the US Open last year, which led to her provisional
suspension.
 The Integrity Agency stated that Halep had committed “intentional anti-doping violations,” a conclusion supported by
the analysis of 51 blood samples collected as part of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) program.
 Halep’s ordeal began with her provisional suspension in October of the previous year. The Romanian tennis star’s
hearing was repeatedly delayed, further fueling speculation and anxiety surrounding her case. In the interim, Halep
turned to social media to voice her dissatisfaction with the ITIA’s handling of her situation and urged the authorities to
expedite the verdict announcement.
India won Asia Cup 2023 Title, beat Sri Lanka in Final
 On September 17, 2023, at Colombo’s R. Premadasa Stadium, India secured their eighth Asia Cup title by defeating Sri
Lanka by 10 wickets in the final match. This victory marked India’s first Asia Cup win since 2018. Sri Lanka won the toss
and chose to bat first, but they were dismissed for a meager 50 runs, marking the lowest total ever in an Asia Cup final.
Mohammed Siraj was the standout performer among the Indian bowlers, claiming 6 wickets for just 21 runs. In response,
balls, while Shubhman Gill scored 27 runs off 19 balls.

Asia Cup 2023 Award Winners
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India effortlessly reached the target in a mere 6.1 overs without losing a wicket. Ishan Kishan contributed 23 runs off 18
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Winner: India (8th title)
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Runner-up: Sri Lanka
Man of the Tournament: Kuldeep Yadav
Most runs in Asia Cup 2023: S Gill (302 runs)
Man of the Match in the Final: Mohammed Siraj
Most wickets in Asia Cup 2023: M Pathirana (SL) with 11 wickets
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Deepak Chahar launches his sports brand ‘Dnine’
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Cricketer Deepak Chahar, known for his stellar performances on the cricket field, has ventured into the world of sports
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equipment with the launch of DNINE Sports. With an investment of ₹2.5 crore, this sports line promises to revolutionize
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athletic gear, offering a wide range of products catering to the needs of athletes, including professional cricketers. In
this article, we explore the inception, products, and vision of DNINE Sports.
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This section delves into the origins of DNINE Sports, highlighting Deepak Chahar’s entrepreneurial journey and the
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decision to bootstrap the venture. It also provides insight into the company’s incorporation under the entity LCDC
Athletics Private Limited, with Deepak Chahar and his father, Lokendra Singh Chahar, as co-founders.
Harmanpreet, lovlina borgohain to be flag bearer at Asian Games 2023

The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has decided to have not one, but two flag-bearers to lead the Indian contingent
at the opening ceremony of the upcoming Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, China. This decision comes as a significant
departure from tradition and has generated considerable excitement among sports enthusiasts across the nation.
 The distinguished honor of flag-bearer at the opening ceremony of the Asian Games 2023 has been bestowed upon two
exceptional athletes: Harmanpreet Singh and Lovlina Borgohain. Harmanpreet Singh, the captain of the Indian Hockey
team, and Lovlina Borgohain, an Olympic medallist boxer, have been selected to jointly lead the Indian contingent at
this grand sporting event, scheduled to commence on September 23 in Hangzhou.
 The Asian Games 2023 will see a record-breaking Indian contingent with a total of 655 athletes representing the nation.
This marks the largest Indian contingent ever to participate in the Asian Games, reflecting the country’s growing
prominence in the field of sports.
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Antim panghal wins world bronze and quota for Paris Olympics
 Antim Panghal
1E9E has become the first Indian wrestler to bag a quota place for the Paris Olympics. On her senior World
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Championships debut, Indian wrestler Antim Panghal clinched a bronze medal and confirmed a 2024 Paris Olympic
quota, registering a dominant win over European champion Jonna Malmgren of Sweden in 53 kg category bout, on
Thursday.
 The two-time U20 world champion was at her absolute best as she secured a 16-6 win via technical superiority (TSU) to
pocket her maiden senior World Championships 3Q1T9T
medal.
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 Enroute to her bronze medal victory, Panghal beat reigning world champion Olivia Dominique Parrish of US in her
opening match , followed by her TSU win over Roksana Marta Zasina of Poland.
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 The 19-year-old girl from Haryana, who is competing as a neutral athlete after WFI got suspended by the World body,
then defeated Natalia Malysheva of Russia in the quarterfinal before suffering a heartbreaking loss to Tokyo Olympic
bronze medallist Vanesa Kaladzinskaya of Belarus in semifinal on Wednesday.
India Become First Team To Hit 3000 Sixes In ODI Cricket

 In the second ODI between Team India and Australia in Indore, India achieved a significant milestone by surpassing
3000 ODI sixes. They posted a formidable total of 399/6, striking an impressive 18 sixes during their innings. This
remarkable feat made India the first team to reach the milestone of 3000 ODI sixes. The West Indies closely trail as the
second team on the list with 2953 sixes, while Pakistan holds the third position with 2566 sixes. Surprisingly, cricketing
powerhouses like Australia and England, known for their aggressive style of play, do not feature in the top three in this
particular statistic.
 Furthermore, India set a new record against Australia in ODI cricket by scoring 399/6, marking their highest-ever total
in matches between the two teams. As a result, Australia faces the daunting task of chasing down a colossal target of
400 runs to level the series.
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Marco Bezzecchi makes history with victory at inaugural IndianOil Grand Prix of India
In a thrilling race at the Buddh International Circuit, Italian rider Marco Bezzecchi, representing the Mooney VR46
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Racing Team, emerged victorious in the inaugural Indian Grand Prix for the 2023 MotoGP season. This marked
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Bezzecchi’s third triumph of the season, solidifying his status as a top contender in the championship.
 The race commenced with Jorge Martin of Prima Pramac taking the lead at Turn 1, closely followed by Francesco Bagnaia
and Marco Bezzecchi, who initially held the third position.
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Marco Bezzecchi showcased his exceptional skills by making a remarkable comeback. First, he overtook Bagnaia to
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claim the second position, and then he seized the lead when Jorge Martin made an error at Turn 4, running wide. From
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that point onward, Bezzecchi left his competitors far behind, dominating the race and securing his well-deserved victory
with a comfortable lead.
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Sports Minister cancels trip after China bars 3 Indian athletes from Asian Games
Union Sports Minister Anurag Thakur has called off his trip to the Asian Games in protest of China’s refusal to grant
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entry to Indian Wushu players from Arunachal Pradesh. This decision has come amidst an official protest by the Indian
government against China’s discriminatory treatment of these athletes.
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 Three players, Nyeman Wangsu, Onilu Tega, and Mepung Lamgu, were denied entry into China despite possessing valid
e-accreditations from the event organizers. Ms. Wangsu couldn’t board her flight, while the other two were allowed to
travel only up to Hong Kong. This casts doubt on their participation in the event scheduled for Sunday.
India clinch their first-ever Gold medal in cricket at the Asian Games
 In a remarkable debut appearance in the Asian Games cricket competition, India emerged victorious against the
formidable Sri Lankan team, securing the gold medal with a 19-run victory. This triumph marks a significant milestone
for India, who had chosen not to participate in the two previous editions of the continental Games that included cricket
as a sport.
 India’s path to gold began with their impressive batting performance. After winning the toss, they chose to bat first and
managed to reach a total of 116-7 in their allotted 20 overs. The key partnership of Smriti Mandhana, who contributed
with 46 runs, and Jemimah Rodrigues, who added 42, played a pivotal role in setting up a competitive target for Sri
Lanka.
India clinch their first-ever Gold medal in cricket at the Asian Games 3Q1T9T
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 In a remarkable debut appearance in the Asian Games cricket competition, India emerged victorious against the
formidable1E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Sri
9ELankan team, securing the gold medal with a 19-run victory. This triumph marks a significant milestone
for India, who had chosen not to participate in the two previous editions of the continental Games that included cricket
as a sport.
 India’s path to gold began with their impressive batting performance. After winning the toss, they chose to bat first and
managed to reach a total of 116-7 in their allotted 20 overs. The key partnership of Smriti Mandhana, who contributed
with 46 runs, and Jemimah Rodrigues, who 1T9T 42, played a pivotal role in setting up a competitive target for Sri
added
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Lanka.
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T20I World Records broken by Nepal against Mongolia in Asian Games Men T20I
 Nepal cricket team rewrote the record books in the Asian Games 2023, achieving remarkable milestones in T20
International cricket. Nepal’s extraordinary performance in the tournament led them to become the first team ever to
cross the 300-run mark in T20Is.
 At just 19 years old, Kushal Malla, a talented left-handed batter, etched his name in cricket history by smashing the
fastest-ever T20I century. Malla achieved this remarkable feat in a mere 34 balls, surpassing the joint previous record
held by David Miller and Rohit Sharma, which stood at 35 balls.
 In this breathtaking match, Nepal amassed an astonishing total of 314/3 in their allotted 20 overs. This remarkable
scoreline not only secured their victory but also set a new record for the highest-ever total in T20I cricket. This feat
overshadowed Afghanistan’s previous record of 278/3 against Ireland in 2019.
 Nepal’s innings was punctuated by a sensational display of power-hitting, as they smashed a total of 26 sixes. This
staggering number of maximums in a single inning marked a new world record, showcasing the team’s aggressive and
fearless approach to T20 cricket.
 Nepal’s No. 5 batter, Dipendra Singh Airee, also made headlines with his explosive batting. Airee blazed his way to a
century in a World T20 match against England in 2007.
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nine-ball fifty, a feat that surpassed the 16-year-old record set by Yuvraj Singh, who had taken 12 balls to reach his half-
G20 Summit 2023 in Delhi

Summits and MoUs
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and guest nations to discuss various global issues.
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The G20 Summit 2023 is scheduled to take place on September 9th and 10th, spanning two days.
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The G20 Summit in Delhi in 2023 is an important international event that brings together leaders from member nations
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in New Delhi’s Pragati Maidan.
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The summit will be held at the prestigious ‘Bharat Mandappam,’ which is located within the ITPO Convention Centre
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The Group of Twenty (G20) comprises 19 countries and the European Union. The member countries are Argentina,
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Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries collectively represent
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To
around 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and about two-thirds of the world’s population.
Second edition of Naval Commanders' Conference, 2023 to begin in New Delhi

The second edition of Naval Commanders' Conference, 2023 will begin today in New Delhi. The conference is the apex-
level biannual event facilitating interaction between the Naval Commanders for deliberation and formulation of
important policy decisions. During the three-day Conference, being conducted in a Hybrid format, the senior leadership
of the Indian Navy will review major operational, materiel, logistics, training, and administrative activities undertaken
during the previous six months.
BEL Inks MoU With IAI To Exploit Short-Range Air Defence Systems
 Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), Israel’s leading aerospace
and defense company, have recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at enhancing cooperation
in addressing India’s requirements in the domain of Short Range Air Defence Systems. The Memorandum of
Understanding was officially signed in Bengaluru.
 The partnership between BEL and IAI is not a new development; these two entities share a long history of association.
They have been engaged in various joint development, production, and product support programs for the Indian
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Defense forces. This MoU is yet another milestone in their collaboration, signaling their commitment to further solidify
their synergy.
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 The
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MoU between BEL and IAI aligns perfectly with the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat‘ (Self-Reliant India) and ‘Make in India‘
policies of the Government of India. These policies emphasize the importance of domestic manufacturing and self-
sufficiency in defense capabilities. By pooling their strengths and expertise, BEL and IAI aim to contribute significantly
to these national objectives.
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Education ministry, Meta partner on digital skilling, entrepreneurship
 The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, the Ministry of Education, and Meta (formerly known as
Facebook) have teamed together in a three-year alliance in a significant move intended to strengthen India’s digital
capabilities. This ground-breaking program, titled “Education to Entrepreneurship: Empowering a Generation of
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Students, Educators, and Entrepreneurs,” aims to provide aspiring and established business owners with crucial digital
marketing knowledge. It is aimed at a mind-boggling 5 lakh people.
 At the core of this collaboration is the mission to democratize digital skills, making them accessible to every corner of
the nation.
 By utilizing Meta’s popular platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, the partnership will offer training
in digital marketing skills in seven regional languages.
 This move aligns with India’s vision of becoming a global leader in skill development and technology adoption.
NTPC to host conference on 'Green Hydrogen Pilots in India'

 In the run-up to the highly anticipated G20 Summit, a pivotal conference centered around “green hydrogen pilots in
India” took place in New Delhi on September 5. Hosted by NTPC Limited, a leading Indian public sector undertaking,
this one-day event showcased a remarkable array of green hydrogen initiatives, combining the efforts of both public
and private sector entities.
 The conference served as a platform for participants to witness pioneering pilot projects and gain invaluable insights
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into the future of clean energy in India. As the world increasingly recognizes the importance of transitioning to eco-
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friendly energy sources, these green hydrogen pilots offered a glimpse into the potential of this promising technology.
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A wide array of green hydrogen pilots was on display at the conference, each highlighting unique aspects of the clean
.
energy landscape.
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India extends support to SCO member countries to enhance legal, judicial capabilities:Law Ministry
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The 10th meeting of the Ministers of Law and Justice of SCO countries was convened via video conferencing, where
several key initiatives and cooperative efforts were discussed. During this meeting, India reaffirmed its commitment to
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judicial capabilities.
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the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) by extending support to member countries in enhancing their legal and
The meeting commenced in a cordial atmosphere with a message from Chinese President Xi Jinping, who emphasized
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the importance of cooperation and understanding among SCO members. President Xi called for the realization of SCO’s
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objectives and visions, aiming to optimize the organization’s contribution to the holistic development of the region.
Indian Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal reiterated India’s commitment to the SCO charter, which is based on
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principles such as mutual trust, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and mutual benefit. He cited Prime Minister
Narendra Modi’s vision of India as a “universal friend” and highlighted the importance of trust in government policies
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and practices.
Global Fintech Fest 2023

 In a remarkable comeback, the Global Fintech Fest (GFF) is set to reclaim its title as the world’s largest fintech
conference in 2023. This year’s event promises to be a spectacular showcase of innovation and collaboration in the
fintech industry. Let’s delve into the highlights of GFF 2023.
 The conference commenced with a prestigious inauguration ceremony graced by Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman, the Minister
of Finance, Government of India. Her remarks emphasized the transformative role of fintech in India’s financial
landscape.
 GFF 2023 revolves around a central theme that embodies the fintech industry’s aspirations and responsibilities.Theme:
‘Global Collaboration for a Responsible Financial Ecosystem: Inclusive | Resilient | Sustainable’
Supreme Court of India and Singapore sign MoU for judicial cooperation
 India and Singapore on Thursday signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on judicial cooperation in the island
city-state. 3Q1T9T
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 Chief Justice of India Dhananjaya Yashwant Chandrachud, during his official visit to Singapore, met Chief Justice of
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5I7E0B7F3DSundaresh Menon. They witnessed signing of an MoU between the Supreme Court of India and the Supreme
Court of Singapore for judicial cooperation.
 On February 3, Justice Menon had visited India and even sat on the Supreme Court of India bench.
 Justice Menon, who has been serving as the fourth chief justice of Singapore since 2012, had attended a function to mark
the 73rd anniversary of the establishment of the Supreme Court.
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PM Modi’s participation in 20th ASEAN-India Summit and 18th East Asia Summit
 Prime Minister Modi participated in the 20th ASEAN-India Summit and engaged in comprehensive discussions with
ASEAN partners to reinforce the ASEAN-India Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. He reaffirmed the central role of
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ASEAN in the Indo-Pacific and highlighted the alignment between India’s Indo-Pacific Ocean’s Initiative (IPOI) and
ASEAN’s Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP). Emphasis was placed on the timely review of ASEAN-India FTA (AITIGA).
1. Proposal for a South-East Asia-India-West Asia-Europe economic corridor.
2. India offered its Digital Public Infrastructure Stack to ASEAN nations.
3. Announcement of an ASEAN-India fund for Digital Future, focusing on digital transformation and financial
connectivity.
4. Renewed support for the Economic and Research Institute of ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) as a knowledge partner.
Airbus signs MoU with Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya to develop aeroscape human capital in India
 Indian Railways’ Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) Vadodara and Airbus, a global aviation giant, have recently
embarked on a strategic collaboration aimed at fortifying the Indian aviation sector. This partnership, sealed through a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed at Rail Bhawan, New Delhi, signifies a significant milestone in fostering
industry-academia alliances to propel India’s aviation industry to new heights.
 The MoU was signed in the presence of Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw, Minister of Railways, Communications, Electronics,
and IT, who also serves as the First Chancellor of Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya. Accompanying him were Ms. Jaya Varma
Sinha, the Chairperson and CEO of the Railway Board, and other senior officials. This collaboration follows Airbus’
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recent partnership with Tata to establish a C295 aircraft manufacturing facility in Vadodara, Gujarat, marking a renewed
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commitment to bolstering India’s aerospace sector.
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Airbus stands as the world’s largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft and a leading producer of helicopters, defense
equipment, and space technology. Over the years, Airbus has developed a symbiotic relationship with India, recognizing
it as a pivotal driver of global aviation and a vital source of talent and resources. Airbus is committed to nurturing all
its business strategy.
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the necessary elements for building a fully integrated aerospace ecosystem in India, with “Make in India” at the core of
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What is Bharat Mandapam, the venue of G20 summit in New Delhi
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The G20 Summit, scheduled for this weekend in the national capital, is a highly anticipated event featuring top world
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leaders, including US President Joe Biden and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. The summit will be held at the
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International Exhibition-cum-Convention Centre (IECC) complex, also known as Bharat Mandapam, in New Delhi's
Pragati Maidan. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated this complex on July 26 this year. It boasts state-of-the-art
 To
facilities, including a convention centre, exhibition halls, and an amphitheatre.
During the G20 Summit, Bharat Mandapam, referred to as the “culture corridor” will showcase diverse traditions from
29 countries, including India and the special invitees to the G20. This display will encompass physical and virtual
exhibitions, creating an immersive experience for visitors.
On Tuesday, a 27-ft-tall bronze statue of Nataraja, made of Ashtadhatu and weighing about 18 tons, was installed at
Bharat Mandapam. Renowned sculptor Radhakrishnan Sthapaty from Swami Malai in Tamil Nadu and his team
completed this sculpture in a record seven months.
Thomas Cook India partners with NPCI to launch RuPay Forex Card
 Thomas Cook (India) Limited, India’s leading omnichannel forex services company, has entered into a groundbreaking
partnership with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to introduce a pioneering RuPay prepaid forex
card tailored for Indian travelers visiting the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This significant technological endeavor is
being enabled by NPCI Certified Partner, CARD91.
 The strategic alliance between Thomas Cook and RuPay harnesses the vast potential of NPCI’s global card payment
network of India. This initiative resonates with the “Made in India” ethos, offering comprehensive international
payment solutions for Indian travelers venturing overseas. 3Q1T9T
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 The Thomas Cook and RuPay forex card partnership has embarked on its journey with the UAE as its inaugural
destination.1EThe
9E rollout plan encompasses a phased approach, with the first phase featuring the RuPay card loaded in
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UAE Dirhams (AED). This arrangement offers extensive usability across the UAE, catering to a wide range of
transactions and ATM withdrawals.
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PM Modi launched Global Biofuel Alliance: India’s green energy assault
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 Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the formation of the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) during the G20
Summit. The alliance includes more than 30 countries and international organizations, aimed at promoting the
adoption of biofuels and expanding bioenergy access in emerging economies.
 This announcement comes during a month marked by important environmental events, including the International
Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies (September 7), International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer (September
16), and World Environment Health Day (September 26). The G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration also highlights the
establishment of the Global Biofuels Alliance.
 The GBA launch reflects India’s proactive stance as the G20 President and its representation of the ‘Voice of the Global
South.’ The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas emphasized the action-oriented nature of India’s positive agenda.
India, Saudi Arabia close historic agreement on enhanced cooperation in energy sector
 India and Saudi Arabia, two major players in the global energy landscape, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU), paving the way for a stronger partnership between these nations in various aspects of the energy sector. This
historic agreement was signed by Union Minister for New & Renewable Energy and Power, R. K. Singh, on behalf of

India and by Abdulaziz bin Salman Al-Saud, representing Saudi Arabia.
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The MoU, as outlined in the official press release from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, encompasses a wide
range of energy-related areas for Many collaboration:
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 Renewable Energy
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 Energy Efficiency
 Hydrogen
 Electricity and Grid Interconnection
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Petroleum and Natural Gas
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Digital Transformation and Innovation
 Cybersecurity and Artificial Intelligence
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Bilateral Investment
Circular Economy
Supply Chain Localization
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Swiggy partners with Goa govt to launch chauta-bazar 2023
Goa Chief Minister, Pramod Sawant, on Thursday unveiled the Goa Chavath e-Bazaar, listing products by local women
entrepreneurs and self-help groups on ‘Swiggy Minis’ as part of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with online
delivery platform, Swiggy.
The delivery platform has entered into an agreement with the Goa government on Thursday to launch Chavath e-Bazaar
on ‘Swiggy Minis’.
 This collaborative effort aims to grant online access to local entrepreneurs, thereby expanding their customer base
during the festive season. The MoU was exchanged between the Chief Minister of Goa Pramod Sawant and Dolly
Surekha from Swiggy.
Ashok Leyland signs MoU to invest ₹1,000 crore to set integrated bus plant in UP
 In a significant move towards promoting clean mobility and bolstering the commercial vehicle industry, Ashok Leyland,
a flagship company of the Hinduja Group, announced on Friday, September 15, its plans to invest ₹1,000 crore in Uttar
Pradesh. This substantial investment is geared towards establishing a state-of-the-art bus manufacturing facility,
marking the company’s maiden venture in the state.
 To kickstart the development of this facility, Ashok Leyland is allocating 3Q1T9Tinvestment of ₹200 crore. This initial
an initial
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phase will lay the foundation for the larger project, which is expected to reach ₹1,000 crore in investment over the next
five years. 1E9E
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 The proposed manufacturing facility is set to be located near Lucknow, positioning it strategically within the state. This
hub will serve as a beacon for clean and eco-friendly mobility solutions, in line with Ashok Leyland’s mission to address
environmental concerns and embrace sustainability.
SHREYAS National Fellowship Scheme 3Q1T9T more than 21,000 SC students for Higher Education
benefits
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 The Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and Skills (SHREYAS scheme), comprising four central
sector sub-schemes, has been instrumental in empowering thousands of students from Scheduled Castes (SCs) and
Other Backward Classes (OBCs) since its inception in 2014. This umbrella scheme encompasses “Top Class Education
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for SCs,” “Free Coaching Scheme for SCs and OBCs,” “National Overseas Scheme for SCs,” and “National Fellowship for
SCs.” This article provides an overview of these sub-schemes, highlighting the allocated budgets, expenditure details,
and the number of beneficiaries over the past nine years.
 The scheme aims to offer high-quality coaching to economically disadvantaged SC and OBC candidates, enabling them
to participate in competitive exams and gain admission to prestigious technical and professional higher education
institutions.
 Families with a total annual income of up to 8 lakhs are eligible for this scheme.
 3500 slots are allocated annually, with a student ratio of 70% SC and 30% OBC. Additionally, 30% of slots are reserved
for female candidates.
 From 2014-15 to 2022-23, a total of 109.77 crore rupees have been disbursed, benefiting 19,995 beneficiaries.
Indian Navy to showcase promising technologies during "Swavlamban-2023'

 The Indian Navy is all set to host the second edition of the Naval Innovation and Indigenisation (NIIO) Seminar, known
as ‘Swavlamban 2023,’ scheduled to take place on 4th and 5th October 2023. This event follows the maiden edition of

reliance.
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the seminar, which was held in July 2022 and marked a significant milestone in the Navy’s quest for innovation and self-
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In the inaugural edition of ‘Swavlamban’ in 2022, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India unveiled the ‘SPRINT’ initiative,
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which has since become a driving force behind the Indian Navy’s pursuit of indigenous technology adoption. ‘SPRINT’
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stands for Supporting Pole-Vaulting in R&D through Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX), NIIO, and Technology
Development Acceleration Cell (TDAC). This collaborative effort aims to foster innovation and indigenisation in the
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defense sector.
 A key highlight of the ‘SPRINT’ initiative is the issuance of 75 challenges to start-ups and Micro, Small, and Medium
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Enterprises (MSMEs). These challenges serve as a clarion call to harness indigenous innovation for the benefit of the
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Indian Navy. The overarching goal is to develop at least 75 cutting-edge technologies and products as part of the ‘Azadi
ka Amrit Mahotsav,’ a celebration of India’s 75 years of independence.
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SHREYAS National Fellowship Scheme benefits more than 21,000 SC students for Higher Education
The Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and Skills (SHREYAS scheme), comprising four central
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sector sub-schemes, has been instrumental in empowering thousands of students from Scheduled Castes (SCs) and
Other Backward Classes (OBCs) since its inception in 2014. This umbrella scheme encompasses “Top Class Education
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for SCs,” “Free Coaching Scheme for SCs and OBCs,” “National Overseas Scheme for SCs,” and “National Fellowship for
SCs.” This article provides an overview of these sub-schemes, highlighting the allocated budgets, expenditure details,
and the number of beneficiaries over the past nine years.
 The scheme aims to offer high-quality coaching to economically disadvantaged SC and OBC candidates, enabling them
to participate in competitive exams and gain admission to prestigious technical and professional higher education
institutions.
 Families with a total annual income of up to 8 lakhs are eligible for this scheme.
 3500 slots are allocated annually, with a student ratio of 70% SC and 30% OBC. Additionally, 30% of slots are reserved
for female candidates.
 From 2014-15 to 2022-23, a total of 109.77 crore rupees have been disbursed, benefiting 19,995 beneficiaries.
Indian Navy to showcase promising technologies during "Swavlamban-2023'

 The Indian Navy is all set to host the second edition of the Naval Innovation and Indigenisation (NIIO) Seminar, known
as ‘Swavlamban 2023,’ scheduled to take place on 4th and 5th October 2023. This event follows the maiden edition of
the seminar, which was held in July 2022 and marked a significant tr- milestone 3Q1T 9TNavy’s quest for innovation and self-
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which has since become a driving force behind the Indian Navy’s pursuit of indigenous technology adoption. ‘SPRINT’
stands for Supporting Pole-Vaulting in R&D through Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX), NIIO, and Technology
Development Acceleration Cell (TDAC). This collaborative effort aims to foster innovation and indigenisation in the
defense sector.
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 A key highlight of the ‘SPRINT’ initiative the1Tissuance of 75 challenges to start-ups and Micro, Small, and Medium
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Enterprises (MSMEs). These challenges serve as a clarion call to harness indigenous innovation for the benefit of the
Indian Navy. The overarching goal is to develop at least 75 cutting-edge technologies and products as part of the ‘Azadi
ka Amrit Mahotsav,’ a celebration of India’s 75 years of independence.
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IREDA & Bank of Maharashtra Sign A Contract To Make Funding For Renewable Energy Projects
 The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) has joined forces with Bank of Maharashtra (BoM) by
signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under the administrative control of the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy in the field of renewable energy sector.
 The central objective of this collaboration is to promote and facilitate co-lending and loan syndication for a diverse
spectrum of renewable energy projects across India. This initiative aligns with India’s ambitious goals of reducing
carbon emissions and transitioning to clean and sustainable energy sources.
 The MoU was formally inked by Bharat Singh Rajput, General Manager (Technical Services) at IREDA, and Rajesh Singh,
General Manager (Retail & MSME Credit) at Bank of Maharashtra. The signing ceremony took place at IREDA’s Business
Centre in New Delhi, marking a crucial milestone in the partnership.
14th World Spice Congress to promote international trade of Indian spices

 The 14th edition of the World Spice Congress (WSC) commenced in Vashi, Navi Mumbai. This three-day event is being
meticulously organized by the Spices Board India, a subsidiary of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in
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collaboration with several trade bodies and export forums. India, often referred to as the ‘Spice Bowl’ of the world, is
known for producing high-quality, rare, and medicinal spices. The World Spice Congress (WSC) aims to create new
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opportunities for the international trade of Indian spices.
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The event is not limited to traders; it also welcomes policy regulators. Special business sessions have been dedicated to
promoting spice trade among G20 countries. Participants include policymakers, regulatory authorities, spice trade
associations, government officials, and technical experts from key G20 nations.
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Maharashtra was chosen as the venue for WSC due to its significant spice production. The state is a leading producer
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of turmeric and boasts two GI-tagged turmeric varieties and one GI-tagged chilli variety. Additionally, coastal areas of
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Maharashtra are known for producing GI-tagged Kokum. The state serves as one of India’s largest exporting hubs for
spices.
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China, U.S. and India absent at U.N.’s Climate Ambition Summit
The Climate Ambition Summit (CAS) at the United Nations General Assembly on September 21 highlighted the absence
o
of major economies crucial in shaping global emissions reduction efforts. China, the United States, and India,
collectively responsible for 42% of global greenhouse gas emissions, were notably missing from this critical event. The
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CAS aimed to showcase leaders with credible actions and policies to uphold the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C degree goal and
promote climate justice.
 Leading up to the summit, around 100 heads of state responded to Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ call for increased
climate action. However, only representatives from 34 states and 7 institutions were given speaking slots at the summit.
Surprisingly, India’s neighbors, such as Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan, were among the speakers, along with emerging
economies like South Africa and Brazil. Meanwhile, the European Union, Germany, France, and Canada also had a
presence.
Foreign ministers of Quad nations meet on sidelines of UN General Assembly

 On the sidelines of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), Foreign Ministers from the Quad
nations – India, Australia, Japan, and the U.S. – convened to discuss various important issues. The Quad ministers
reaffirmed their commitment to ensuring a “free and open” Indo-Pacific region, emphasizing the resolution of disputes
in accordance with international law. They also pledged allegiance to the principles outlined in the UN charter and
voiced support for UN reform.
 The Quad nations stressed the need for comprehensive UN reform, including
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3Q1Tthe
9T expansion of both permanent and
non-permanent representation on the UN Security Council. They also voiced concerns about attempts to undermine
the international
1E9E system, possibly alluding to Russia’s use of the veto in the Security Council concerning the Ukraine
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conflict.
Infosys ties with Microsoft for industry-wide adoption of generative artificial intelligence
 In a significant move towards revolutionizing the landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, Infosys, one of
India’s leading IT majors, has announced 3Q1T9T collaboration with tech giant Microsoft. The partnership aims to
a strategic
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develop cutting-edge solutions harnessing the combined prowess of Infosys Topaz, Azure OpenAI Service, and Azure
Cognitive Services.
 A noteworthy instance involves the effective deployment of an AI-driven solution for a leading financial services firm.
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Google and HP join hands to make chromebooks under Rs 20,000-30000 for students
 In a significant development, HP has announced a partnership with Google to manufacture Chromebooks in India, with
production set to commence on October 2. This collaboration aims to make affordable computing devices accessible to
Indian students and support the government’s “Make in India” initiative.
 The Chromebook devices will be manufactured at the Flex Facility near Chennai, where HP has been producing laptops
and desktops since August 2020.
 Chromebooks from Google have gained popularity in the global education sector and are also gaining traction in India.
Local manufacturing of these Chromebooks, which fall within the price range of Rs 20,000–30,000, is expected to open
doors for HP to secure orders from government schools. Additionally, HP aims to compete with the 9-inch tablet market
by introducing its 11-inch Chromebooks.
D Pradhan to launch Bharatiya bhasha utsav and technology summit

 Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship Shri Dharmendra Pradhan is to launch a two-

day Bharatiya Bhasha Utsav and Technology & Bharatiya Bhasha Summit, to be held on September 30th and October
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1st, 2023 at New Delhi. It will set the course for a technologically enriched future for Bharatiya languages in education.
Shri Sridhar Vembu, Chairman of the Board of Governors of IIIT-DM, Kanchipuram and CEO of Zoho Corporation, will
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deliver the keynote address. Eminent dignitaries, educationists, technology and language experts, and officials of the
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Ministry of Education will be present at the event.
 The Government of India has proposed to celebrate the birthday of renowned Tamil poet and freedom fighter Mahakavi
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Chinnaswami Subramania Bharati as Bharatiya Bhasha Divas (11 December). The Bharatiya Bhasha Utsav will be held
from 28th September 2023 to 11th December 2023.
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BANKING & ECONOMY
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In 5-year deal, Viacom 18 bags BCCI TV and digital media rights for Rs 5,963 crore
 Viacom 18, a Reliance-owned media outlet, has emerged victorious in the auction for media rights, encompassing both
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digital and TV broadcasting, of India’s domestic matches and BCCI-hosted domestic tournaments for the next five years.
The auction took place on August 31, 2023. This significant acquisition complements Viacom 18’s existing digital rights
for the Indian Premier League (IPL) and the FIFA World Cup rights for India. Let’s delve deeper into the details.


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Viacom 18 faced fierce competition from Sony Sports Network and Star Sports in the bidding process. Star Sports already
held TV rights for ICC events and the IPL, leaving Sony to vie for these coveted rights.
For the 88 matches scheduled between 2023 and 2028, the BCCI set a base price of Rs 20 crore per match for TV rights
and Rs 25 crore per match for digital rights, totaling Rs 3,960 crore.
UPI crosses 10 billion transactions for the first time in August

 The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in India has achieved a significant milestone by surpassing 10 billion monthly
transactions in August. This achievement was confirmed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), the
Reserve Bank’s non-profit agency. UPI has been a key driver of digital payments in India, and its rapid growth is
noteworthy.
 In August, UPI recorded an impressive milestone of 10 billion monthly transactions, as confirmed by NPCI. This signifies
the increasing popularity and adoption of digital payments in India.
 UPI’s growth trajectory has been remarkable, with monthly transactions exceeding 10.24 billion by the end of August.
This represents a significant increase from the 6.58 billion transactions recorded1Tin August of the previous year, marking
3Q 9T
a growth rate of over 50% year-on-year. tr-5O7N0U7O
 UPI’s journey9Ebegan in October 2019 when it crossed 1 billion monthly transactions for the first time. In less than four
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tr-years, has grown fourfold, showcasing its rapid adoption and acceptance in the Indian payment landscape.
Moody's raises India's GDP growth estimates for 2023 to 6.7%

 Global rating agency Moody’s Investor Service has revised its economic growth projection for India, providing a positive
outlook for the year 2023. The agency has increased
3Q1T9T its forecast for India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth to 6.7
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percent, up from the previous estimate of 5.5 percent. This adjustment is attributed to the notable performance in the
second quarter, driven by robust expansion in services and capital expenditures, resulting in a 7.8 percent real GDP
growth compared to the previous year.
 Initial Forecast: Moody’s previously estimated India’s GDP growth for 2023 at 5.5 percent.
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 Revised Projection: The agency has raised its forecast to 6.7 percent for 2023 due to strong services expansion and capital
expenditures, driving a 7.8 percent real GDP growth in the second quarter of the year.
Centre, states collect ₹1.59 trillion in GST in August

 In August, India witnessed a notable surge in Goods and Services Tax (GST) collection, amounting to ₹1.59 trillion,
signifying an 11% increase compared to the same period last year. This impressive growth can be attributed to enhanced
compliance and anti-evasion measures put in place.
 August 2023’s collection marked a significant rise from the ₹1.43 trillion collected in August 2022.
 However, it’s important to note that GST collection moderated compared to the previous month, which recorded ₹1.65
trillion in July.
 The moderation in collection is primarily attributed to subdued growth in integrated GST (IGST) and the cess on
imports, which increased by only 3% in August.
 Importantly, both imports and IGST collections have experienced fluctuations in recent months.

Bajaj Auto's Subsidiary Gains RBI Approval To Operate As An NBFC
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Bajaj Auto’s subsidiary, Bajaj Auto Consumer Finance, has received regulatory approval from the Reserve Bank of India
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(RBI) to commence its non-banking financial institution (NBFC) operations. This significant development allows the
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company to expand its financial services without accepting public deposits.The certificate of
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 registration from RBI, permitting Bajaj Auto Consumer Finance to operate as an NBFC, was issued on August 31, 2023,
and marked a pivotal moment for the company.
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Bajaj Auto made the formal application to the Reserve Bank of India for an NBFC license on July 9 of the same year,
seeking the regulatory green light to diversify its financial operations.
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Paytm launches Card Soundbox that enables card payments
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One97 Communications, the parent company of fintech company Paytm, announced on Monday, September 4, the
r
launch of Card Soundbox. "With this, the company empowers merchants to accept both mobile and card payments
across all Visa, Mastercard, American Express and RuPay networks through its iconic Soundbox with ‘tap and pay’ that
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will help merchants scale their business," the company said in its press release.
Post-announcement, the stock of One97 Communications ended 0.05 per cent lower at Rs 856.80 on the BSE.
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India GDP forecast after Q1 data ‘surprises positively’: Morgan Stanley
In light of a positive surprise in the April-June quarter data, Morgan Stanley, the multinational investment bank, has
revised its economic growth forecast for India for the fiscal year 2024. The bank has raised its projection from an earlier
estimate of 6.2 percent to a more optimistic 6.4 percent. This upward revision is attributed to the strong performance
of the Indian economy, driven primarily by robust domestic demand.
The GDP growth rate for India during the first quarter of fiscal year 2024 surpassed expectations, coming in at 7.8
percent, higher than Morgan Stanley’s initial forecast of 7.4 percent. This positive surprise can be attributed to a more
significant-than-anticipated growth in private consumption, as stated in a Morgan Stanley report.
 Morgan Stanley highlights the sustained momentum in domestic demand as a significant driver of India’s economic
growth. This momentum has led to GDP numbers exceeding expectations for two consecutive quarters. Factors
contributing to this trend include strong Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections, credit growth, and a robust
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI).
Bad Bank Chairman Karnam Sekar reportedly quit over proposals to merge with IDRCL
 Karnam Sekar, Chairman of the National Asset Reconstruction Company 1T9T (NARCL) tendered his resignation
of3QIndia
tr-5O7N0U7O
due to disagreements concerning the institution’s structure and operations. This resignation follows a proposal for
1E9E with India Debt Resolution Company Ltd (IDRCL).
tr-merging NARCL
5I7E0B7F3D
 The proposal to merge NARCL and IDRCL was initiated by IDRCL, which is headed by former State Bank of India
managing director Diwakar Gupta. The suggestion was brought before the Finance Ministry with the aim of optimizing
business opportunities and reducing costs through consolidation.
 Under the current structure, NARCL serves as the ‘principal entity,’ responsible for acquiring and aggregating bad loan
7O3Q1T9T as a resolution agent, focusing on the loan resolution process. The
5O7N0Uoperates
accounts from banks. In contrast,tr-IDRCL
merger would potentially reshape this division of responsibilities, leading to concerns and debates about the optimal
structure of these entities.
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 NARCL is registered with the Reserve Bank of India as an Asset Reconstruction Company under the Securitisation and
Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002. NARCL’s primary objective is to
address and resolve stressed loan assets exceeding ₹500 crore each, with a total value of approximately ₹2 lakh crore.
SBI announces introduction of UPI interoperability on CBDC

 The State Bank of India (SBI) has taken a significant leap in the world of digital currency by announcing the successful
implementation of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) interoperability with its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC),
also known as the Digital Rupee. This development is poised to revolutionize the way transactions are conducted,
making digital currency more accessible and user-friendly.
 Accessible through the ‘eRupee by SBI’ application, this new feature allows SBI CBDC users to effortlessly scan any
merchant UPI QR code, simplifying and expediting transactions.
 With this integration, the State Bank of India aims to bridge the gap between CBDC and the widely adopted UPI
platform, bringing convenience and efficiency to the forefront of digital payments.
 SBI’s journey towards CBDC integration began with its active participation in the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) retail
digital e-rupee project, which commenced in December 2022.
RBI allows banks to enable UPI payments through pre-sanctioned credit line
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.
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced a significant expansion of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) System,
rs
allowing users to transact with pre-sanctioned credit lines issued by banks. This move marks a major development in
India’s digital payment landscape, enabling greater financial flexibility and convenience for consumers.

e
The UPI System was primarily used for transactions involving deposited amounts. However, as of April 6, 2023, the RBI
has proposed an expansion of the UPI System to include pre-sanctioned credit lines.


commercial banks.
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This means that individuals can now make transactions using credit lines that have been pre-approved by scheduled
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The UPI System’s scope has been expanded to include various types of accounts, including savings accounts, overdraft
r
accounts, prepaid wallets, and credit cards.
 This comprehensive approach aims to provide users with more options and flexibility when conducting digital
transactions.
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Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan Launches Malaviya Mission - Teachers Training Programme
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Dharmendra Pradhan, the Union Minister for Education, introduced the Malaviya Mission – Teacher Training Program
at Kaushal Bhawan in New Delhi as a crucial step in improving the standard of education in India. This ambitious
project, spearheaded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in partnership with the Ministry of Education, seeks
to transform faculty capacity building and teacher preparation programs across the country’s higher education
institutions.
One of the primary objectives of the Malaviya Mission is to provide specialized and tailored training programs for
teachers.
 Recognizing that teaching methods and educational requirements have evolved, the program seeks to equip educators
with the latest knowledge, skills, and tools necessary to excel in their roles.
 This emphasis on tailored training ensures that teachers can adapt to the changing dynamics of education effectively.
 In a symbolic gesture, Minister Pradhan announced the renaming of Human Resource Development Centres (HRDCs)
as Madan Mohan Malaviya Teachers’ Training Centres.
 This renaming not only pays tribute to the renowned educationist Madan Mohan Malaviya but also underscores the
program’s commitment to elevating the status of teacher training in India.
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SBI Card Launched ‘SimplySAVE Merchant SBI Card’ for MSME Segment
 tr-SBI 0B7F3D
5I7ECard, 1E9E largest pure-play credit card issuer, has introduced the ‘SimplySAVE Merchant SBI Card‘, a specialized
India’s
credit card tailored for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This new card is designed to address the short-
term credit needs of MSME merchants while providing them with a range of exclusive benefits. The official unveiling
of the SimplySAVE Merchant SBI Card took place at the Global Fintech Fest in Mumbai, with Mr. Dinesh Khara,
Chairman of State Bank of India, doing the honors.
3Q1T9T
 The launch of the SimplySAVE Merchanttr-5O7N0U7OSBI Card serves to empower the broader MSME sector by offering them
interest-free short-term credit. Considering the significant role played by MSMEs in fostering economic growth and job
creation, it becomes imperative to streamline their access to formal credit in a more convenient and prompt fashion.
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 The SimplySAVE Merchant SBI Card offers several key features and benefits tailored to meet the unique needs of
MSMEs:
SBI Card adds new features to AURUM super premium credit card
 SBI Card, India’s largest credit card issuer, launched new features of its super-premium card ‘AURUM’, targeted at the
premium section of society, such as high-net-worth individuals. With the enhancements, AURUM cardholders will be
able to avail benefits worth up to Rs 2 lakh annually, based on their spending. The card offers unlimited international
lounge access to cardholders, as well as four international lounge visits for accompanying guests. In addition, the card
also offers a one-year Club Marriott membership as a welcome gift.
 AURUM has been tailored to meet the discerning taste and lifestyle of the globetrotting and high-flying executives who
pursue excellence in every aspect of their life. It has become one of the most coveted cards in the super-premium
segment. Looking at the admiration it has garnered so far, we decided to take the cardholders’ experience a notch
higher.
 All in all, AURUM cardholders can expect a more rewarding, richer, and more luxurious experience. The joining and
achieves a milestone of Rs 12 lakh spending in the card membership year.
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annual membership fee for this by-invitation-only card is Rs 9,999, an amount that will be reversed once the cardholder
.
SBI launched 'Nation First Transit Card' for digital fare payments
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State Bank of India (SBI), the country’s largest lender, has taken a significant step in enhancing the commuting
experience and promoting digital payment adoption with the launch of the ‘Nation First Transit Card.’ This innovative
card is designed to facilitate seamless and convenient customer commuting experiences, offering easy digital ticketing

through a single card.
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fare payments across various modes of transportation, such as metro, buses, water ferries, parking, and more, all
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Additionally, the card can also be used for making retail and e-commerce payments.
 Dinesh Kumar Khara, Chairman of SBI, emphasized that the Nation First Transit Card, powered by RuPay and National

a
Common Mobility Card (NCMC) technology, has the potential to revolutionize the commuting experience for millions
r
of Indians. The card is not just a financial tool but also a symbol of SBI’s commitment to the growth and development
of the nation.
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o
The NCMC feature allows SBI’s customers to utilize their Debit Cards as travel cards for convenient use on Metro Rail
and Buses wherever this service is accessible.
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 The concept of NCMC was proposed by the Nandan Nilekani committee, which was commissioned by the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI).
RBI Governor launches Credit Line on UPI, other digital payment initiatives at Global Fintech Fest 2023
 In a significant move aimed at enhancing India’s digital payment ecosystem, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das unveiled a
slew of new UPI (Unified Payments Interface) features developed by the National Payments Corporation of India
(NPCI). These introduced features are set to revolutionize the way Indians transact and manage their finances.
 One of the standout features introduced by the central bank is the concept of ‘Credit Line on UPI.’ The fundamental
idea behind this feature is to provide pre-sanctioned credit lines from banks via UPI, making credit more accessible to
a wider population.
 This initiative incorporates various elements such as the linkage of pre-sanctioned credit lines, the creation of digital
credit products by banks, interest-free credit periods with defined interest rates, and a clear schedule of charges.
 Additionally, it offers customer engagement channels for credit sanction requests and the ability to link different pre-
sanctioned credit lines through UPI-enabled apps for seamless transactions.
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RBI issues revised norms for classification, valuation of investment by banks
 tr-The 7F3D1E9E
Reserve
5I7E0B Bank of India had issued a Discussion Paper (DP) on January 14, 2022 proposing revisions to the current
norms for the classification, valuation, and operation of investment portfolios of commercial banks. After considering
the feedback received on the DP, the Reserve Bank of India (Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment
Portfolio of Commercial Banks) Directions, 2023 has been issued.
 The revised Directions include principle-based classification of investment portfolio, tightening of regulations around
transfers to/from held to maturity (HTM) 3Q1T9T and sales out of HTM, inclusion of non-SLR securities in HTM
7N0U7Ocategory
tr-5O
subject to fulfilment of certain conditions and symmetric recognition of gains and losses.
 These Directions are expected to enhance the quality of banks’ financial reporting, improve disclosures (disclosures of
fair value of investments in HTM category, fair value hierarchy, sales out of HTM, etc.), provide a fillip to the corporate
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bond market, facilitate the use of derivatives for hedging, and strengthen the overall risk management framework of
banks.
Bank of Baroda Unveils Festive Campaign “BOB Ke Sang Tyohaar Ki Umang”

 In a bid to enhance customer offerings and provide tailored financial solutions, Bank of Baroda (BoB) has introduced
four new savings accounts. These accounts cater to a diverse range of customer needs, making banking more accessible
and convenient.
 BoB introduces the BoB LITE Savings Account, offering customers the flexibility of a lifetime no minimum balance
requirement. This account empowers individuals to manage their finances without the burden of maintaining a
minimum balance.
 Designed with the youth in mind, BoB presents the BOB BRO Savings Account, a zero balance savings account tailored
specifically for students aged 16 to 25 years. This account eases the financial journey of students by eliminating the need
for a minimum balance.

Cashfree Launches ‘AutoPay On QR’ For Subscription-Based Enterprises
Cashfree Payments, a prominent player in the payments and API banking solutions sector, has joined forces with the
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to unveil a groundbreaking solution called ‘AutoPay on QR.’ This
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.
innovative offering is poised to empower subscription-based businesses, boosting their customer acquisition, retention,
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and overall growth prospects.
 One of the standout features of Cashfree Payments’ ‘AutoPay on QR’ is its ability to simplify the process of mandate
creation for subscription services. This two-click solution not only enhances user convenience but also promises to
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significantly improve return on investment (ROI) for businesses investing in advertising campaigns.
Subscription-based enterprises can seamlessly integrate their subscription QR codes into various marketing channels,
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including online ads, newspapers, websites, TV, and product packaging. This integration enhances the effectiveness of
promotional campaigns, ultimately driving more value for businesses.
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LIC presents dividend cheque of Rs 1,831 crore to Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
LIC Chairman Siddhartha Mohanty presented a significant dividend cheque of ₹1,831.09 crore to Union Finance and
o
Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. This dividend represents the Centre’s share for the fiscal year 2022-23.
It was officially approved by LIC’s shareholders during the Annual General Meeting held on August 22 of the same year.
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 As of the end of June in the current year, the Indian government held an impressive equity stake of 96.5 percent in LIC,
making it the majority shareholder.
 The final dividend declared for the fiscal year 2022-23 amounted to ₹3 per share, and it was agreed upon by LIC’s
shareholders.
 In May of the previous year, LIC, as the country’s largest insurer, made headlines by launching its colossal ₹21,000 crore
initial public offering (IPO). This IPO marked the most substantial public issue in the country’s history up to that point.
Retail sales up 0.1% month-over-month in August

 On September 14, the Indian government unveiled the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) data for the month of August,
revealing a persistent trend of declining wholesale inflation. In August, the wholesale inflation rate plummeted to -0.52
percent, marking the fifth consecutive month in which it has remained in the negative territory. Notably, in July, the
wholesale inflation rate had been -1.36 percent, and in June, it had reached as low as -4.12 percent.
 The Wholesale Price Index, or WPI, serves as a crucial indicator that measures the fluctuations in prices of goods traded
and sold in bulk by wholesale businesses to other companies. Unlike the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which tracks
prices of goods and services directly purchased by consumers, thetr-WPI 9Tfactory gate prices before they reach
5O7Nfocuses on
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the retail level.
 tr-The government
5I7E0B7F3D1E9E attributed the persistently negative inflation rate to a range of factors, including the decline in prices
of mineral oils, basic metals, chemical and chemical products, textiles, and food products when compared to the
corresponding month of the previous year.
Fitch retains India's growth forecast for FY'24 at 6.3 pc

 In a recent update, Fitch Ratings decided 7O3Q 1T9T
tr-5O7N0Uto maintain its growth forecast for India for the fiscal year 2023-24 (FY24) at
6.3%. Despite facing challenges such as tighter monetary policy and weakened exports, India’s economy displayed
remarkable resilience. Notably, the Indian economy posted a strong growth rate of 7.8% in the April-June quarter,
primarily driven by robust demand and a thriving services sector.
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 Fitch’s projections include a growth rate of 6.5% for the following fiscal year (2024-25). However, the report raises
concerns about inflation risks. Fitch has revised its year-end inflation projection upwards, citing the looming threat of
El Nino. It suggests that temporary increases in inflation, especially in food prices, could impact consumers’
discretionary spending power. Although the inflation’s impact on consumers might be short-lived, other fundamental
factors are weighing on the Indian economy.
RBI’s financial inclusion index rises; shows growth across all segments
 In a recent announcement by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Financial Inclusion (FI) Index has shown significant
improvement, reaching a score of 60.1 in March 2023, compared to its previous reading of 56.4 in March 2022. This
noteworthy advancement in the FI Index is attributed to growth across all sub-indices.
 The boost in the FI Index can be primarily attributed to enhancements in the usage and quality dimensions, signifying
a deepening of financial inclusion, as highlighted in the central statement released by the RBI.
 When the FI Index was first introduced in August 2021, the score for the fiscal year ending March 2021 stood at 53.9. To
provide historical context, it’s worth noting that in March 2017, the FI Index languished at a mere 43.4.
 The FI Index is designed as a comprehensive tool, encompassing insights from various sectors including banking,
investments, insurance, postal services, and pension. This collaborative effort involved consultations with the
government and relevant sectoral regulators to ensure a holistic perspective on financial inclusion.
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
Air India Becomes The First Indian Airline To Add Self-Bag Drop For International Flights
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Air India, one of India’s prominent airlines, has introduced ‘Project Abhinandan,’ a new initiative aimed at providing
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passengers with a personalized and hassle-free experience, particularly in managing baggage issues and dealing with
missed flights. Under this initiative, Air India has stationed specially trained service assurance officers (SAOs) at 16

major airports across the country to offer on-ground assistance and support to travelers.
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The airports where these service assurance officers have been deployed encompass a wide geographical spread, covering
Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Calicut, Chennai, Delhi, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Kochi, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai,
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Nagpur, Pune, Varanasi, and Vishakhapatnam. These officers are strategically positioned to assist Air India passengers
or at the arrival hall.
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at various critical points during their journey, including the check-in area, lounges, near boarding gates, during transit,
To
RBI Slaps Rs14 Lakh Penalty on 4 Cooperative Banks
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently took action against four cooperative banks, imposing monetary penalties due
to various rule violations. Below, we provide a breakdown of the penalties and the reasons behind them.
1. Baramati Sahakari Bank – Rs 2 Lakh Penalty
Violation: Failure to Credit Interest to Inoperative Savings Accounts
2. Becharaji Nagarik Sahakari Bank – Rs 2 Lakh Penalty
Violation: Breach of Prudential Inter-Bank Counter-Party Exposure Limits
3. Waghodia Urban Co-operative Bank – Rs 5 Lakh Penalty
Violations: Breach of Prudential Inter-Bank Counter-Party Exposure Limits and Non-Payment of Interest on Recurring
Deposits and Term Deposits
4. Viramgam Mercantile Co-operative Bank – Rs 5 Lakh Penalty
Violation: Not Specified in the Release
S&P Global revises India’s FY24 growth forecast upwards to 6.6%; turns pessimistic on inflation
 S&P Global Market Intelligence has reevaluated India’s economic growth prospects for the fiscal year 2024 (FY24). This
upward revision is attributed to robust economic performance in the April-June
tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1Tquarter.
9T Notably, the revised projection
stands at 6.6%, a significant improvement from the 5.9% estimate put forth by the analytics firm in August.
 tr-While the revised
5I7E0B7F3D1E
9E growth forecast is promising, S&P Global Market Intelligence also presents a concerning prediction
regarding inflation. The analytics firm anticipates a sharp increase in inflation, with the rate surging to 6% in 2023. This
projection marks a noteworthy climb from the 5.1% inflation rate estimated in August. Of particular note, this level of
inflation is approaching the upper boundary of the Reserve Bank of India’s target range.
SBI introduces digital opening tr-

of5ONRE/NRO 9T
7N0U7O3Q1Taccount setup through YONO
 In a groundbreaking move, the State Bank of India (SBI), the country’s largest lender, has launched a cutting-edge digital
platform for Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) to seamlessly open NRE (Non-Residential External) and NRO (Non-Resident
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Ordinary) savings and current accounts. This innovative service is specifically tailored to “new to bank” (NTB)
customers, aiming to simplify and expedite the account opening procedure.
 NRE Account: A Non-Residential External (NRE) account is established in India under the NRI’s name to house their
foreign earnings securely.
 NRO Account: Conversely, a Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) account is opened in India in the NRI’s name to manage
income earned within the country, such as rent, dividends, pensions, interest, and more.
SBI To Send Chocolates To Borrowers Likely To Default On Monthly Repayments

 The State Bank of India (SBI), the largest public sector lender, has devised a unique strategy to tackle potential loan
defaults. Recognizing that borrowers planning to default often ignore reminder calls, SBI is taking a proactive approach
by personally visiting their homes unannounced and surprising them with a pack of chocolates. This innovative method
is aimed at improving loan collections, particularly as SBI’s retail lending has experienced substantial growth.
 SBI’s retail loan book has witnessed remarkable growth, surging by over 16.46 percent to reach Rs 12,04,279 crore in the
June 2023 quarter from Rs 10,34,111 crore in the previous year.

a borrower’s likelihood of default.
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To enhance its loan recovery efforts, SBI has partnered with fintech companies that utilize artificial intelligence (AI)
technology. These fintech platforms play a dual role: one focuses on negotiating with borrowers, while the other assesses

Govt approves welfare measures for LIC agents, employees
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In a significant development, the Finance Ministry has granted approval for a range of welfare measures aimed at
.
e
benefiting both Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) agents and its employees. These measures, which have been
approved today, are expected to bring substantial advantages to the vast LIC workforce comprising over 13 lakh agents

and more than one lakh regular employees.
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One of the key highlights of these welfare measures is the enhancement of the gratuity limit for LIC agents. Previously
set at three lakh rupees, this limit has now been raised to an improved five lakh rupees. This change is expected to
a
provide a more substantial financial cushion for LIC agents.
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Another notable provision is the eligibility of reappointed agents to receive renewal commissions. This decision is
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expected to motivate agents to continue their association with LIC and further strengthen their commitment to the
o
organization.
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Upward revision: OECD raises India's FY24 GDP growth projection to 6.3%
 The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has revised its GDP growth projection for India
in the fiscal year 2024, forecasting a growth rate of 6.3%. This upward revision represents a notable increase from the
previous estimate of 6%. The OECD attributes India’s positive growth surprises to favorable agricultural outcomes
driven by favorable weather conditions.
 While India sees an improved growth outlook, the global economy is projected to grow at a rate of 3% in 2023 and is
expected to slow down further to 2.7% in 2024, as indicated in the OECD report. Despite a weaker-than-expected
recovery in China, the report highlights that a significant portion of global growth in 2023-24 is expected to originate
from Asia.
Volvo To End Production Of Diesel Cars and SUVs By Early 2024

 Volvo Cars, a prominent name in the automotive industry, has recently made a groundbreaking announcement. The
Swedish car manufacturer has declared its intention to cease the production of diesel-powered vehicles by early 2024,
marking a significant step toward its goal of becoming an all-electric carmaker. This decision aligns with Volvo’s
commitment to transitioning fully to electric vehicles by 2030. tr-5O7N0U7O3Q1T9T
 Volvo’s bold move to discontinue diesel vehicle production is a proactive response to the evolving landscape of the
automotive1Eindustry.
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
9E According to the company’s official statement, the last diesel-powered Volvo car will roll off the
assembly line in just a few months. This decisive action places Volvo among the pioneers in the automotive world, as
one of the first legacy car manufacturers to completely eliminate diesel from its lineup.
 Volvo’s decision to phase out diesel is part of a broader vision aimed at transforming the company into a fully electric
carmaker. This vision entails an ambitious goal to have all Volvo cars be electric by the end of this decade, specifically
9T
by 2030. By taking this bold step, Volvo
tr-5O7N is1Tsending
0U7O3Q a clear message about its commitment to sustainability,
environmental responsibility, and staying at the forefront of automotive innovation.
Ind-Ra raises GDP growth forecast for FY24 to 6.2%
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 The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and India Ratings and Research have released contrasting forecasts for India’s
economic growth in the fiscal year 2024 (FY24). While ADB has lowered its projection to 6.3%, India Ratings has raised
it to 6.2%. Here’s a breakdown of their assessments and key factors influencing these predictions:
 Monsoon Patterns Impact: ADB cites erratic monsoon patterns as a primary reason for revising India’s growth forecast
down by 10 basis points to 6.3% for FY24. These patterns are expected to affect agricultural output.
 Inflation Concerns: ADB also revised its inflation projection for India in FY24 to 5.5%, up from the previous 5%. Adverse
weather conditions have led to food inflation, contributing to South Asia’s overall inflation rate. The continuation of
the rice export ban could further escalate food price inflation.
Regular jobs increased, but unemployment still a concern

 In a recent report titled “State of Working India 2023: Social Identities and Labour Market Outcomes,” a group of
economists and researchers from Azim Premji University shed light on the employment landscape in India. This report
highlights the dynamics of job creation, the prevalence of regular wage jobs, caste-based segregation, gender-based
earnings disparities, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment rates. Let’s delve into the key findings
of the report.
1. Growth in Regular Jobs
2. Diminished Pace Since 2019
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.
3. Limited Social Security
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4. Gender Disparities
5. Reduction in Caste-based Segregation
6. Earnings Disparities
7. Post-COVID Unemployment
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With entry into JP Morgan bond indices, India is playing in the world
 JP Morgan Chase & Co. is set to include Indian government bonds in its renowned benchmark emerging-market index.
 r a
This long-anticipated move is expected to attract substantial foreign investments into India’s debt market.
The inclusion of Indian government bonds in the JP Morgan Government Bond Index-Emerging Markets is scheduled
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to take effect from June 28, 2024. India will have a maximum weight of 10% on this index, as outlined in a statement.
o
JPMorgan’s decision to include Indian government bonds in its index is attributed to India’s introduction of the FAR
(Fully Accessible Route) program in 2020 and its substantial market reforms aimed at facilitating foreign portfolio
T
investments. A survey conducted among benchmark investors revealed that nearly three-quarters of respondents
supported India’s inclusion in the index.
Axis Bank launches ‘NEO for Business’, a mobile-first Business Banking proposition for MSMEs
 In a strategic move to cater to the evolving needs of Indian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Axis Bank
has recently unveiled its groundbreaking Transaction Banking platform, ‘NEO for Business.’ This innovative digital
offering is designed to comprehensively address the real-time requirements of MSMEs, marking a significant milestone
in the landscape of business banking in India.
 “NEO for Business” is built to create a distinctive first Transaction Banking platform for MSMEs. It has a contemporary
UI/UX along with bank-grade security features. NEO for Business, will transform the Transaction Banking landscape
for MSMEs by creating a strong digital ecosystem to solve all the evolving needs of MSMEs.
Gautam Adani’s Ambitious Vision for Dharavi: Transforming Asia’s Largest Slum into a Modern City Hub
 Gautam Adani expressed his commitment to transforming Dharavi into a modern city hub. He plans to support small
industries, create new job opportunities, especially for young people and women,
tr-5O7N0U7O
3Q1T9T and establish training and research
centers. Adani envisions an organized marketplace in line with India’s Open Network for Digital Commerce to be part
of the redevelopment
1E9E plan.
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 Dharavi, one of Asia’s largest slums, located in the heart of Mumbai, has long been a focal point for discussions on urban
development and improving living conditions for its 1 million residents.
 In the late 1800s, Dharavi was home to potters, leather tanners, artisans, and embroidery workers who established trade
and businesses in the region. Over time, slum dwellers settled here, constructing huts in an unplanned manner.
Apple Plans To Increase Production 1T9TTimes In India In 5 Years: Report
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 Apple, the renowned iPhone maker, is gearing up to significantly expand its manufacturing operations in India.
Government sources report that the company aims to increase its production in the country by over fivefold, reaching
approximately $40 billion (about 3.32 lakh crore) within the next 4-5 years.
w 6390573333
142
 This ambitious move follows Apple’s successful crossing of the $7 billion production mark in the previous fiscal year. In
addition to iPhones, Apple is poised to commence manufacturing AirPods in India. However, it appears that the
company currently has no immediate plans to produce iPads, laptops, or participate in IT hardware Production Linked
Incentive (PLI) schemes.
 Apple plans to scale up its production in India from $7 billion to a remarkable $40 billion within the next 4-5 years.
 The company aims to establish itself as a major player in India’s manufacturing landscape.
Amazon steps up AI race with up to $4 billion deal to invest in Anthropic

 E-commerce giant Amazon.com has announced a strategic investment of up to $4 billion in Anthropic, an AI startup,
marking a significant move to enhance its presence in generative artificial intelligence. This partnership, as reported by
Bloomberg (Software company), not only involves a substantial financial commitment but also provides Anthropic with
access to Amazon’s formidable computing power.
 This substantial $4 billion investment in Anthropic reflects Amazon’s commitment to advancing its position in the AI
landscape. While it may not have an immediate financial impact on Amazon’s cloud-services unit, it signals the
India allows 75,000 tonne of non-Basmati white rice exports to UAE
c o m
company’s determination to compete with industry leaders, particularly Microsoft, in the realm of artificial intelligence.
.
 The Government of India has recently made a significant decision to permit the export of 75,000 tons of non-basmati
rs
white rice to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This move comes at a time when India had imposed restrictions on the
export of non-basmati white rice, aiming to bolster domestic supplies amidst concerns over inflation and the
e
unpredictability of the monsoon season. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) made this announcement
on Monday, signaling a shift in India’s export policies.

k
The export of non-basmati white rice to the UAE will be facilitated through the National Cooperatives Exports Limited
n
(NCEL). NCEL plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth execution of India’s export initiatives, and its involvement in
this endeavor underscores the government’s commitment to balancing domestic and international demands for
essential food commodities.
a

p r
S&P retains India's FY24 growth forecast at 6%, citing global economic slowdown, rising monsoon risks
o
S&P Global Ratings has reaffirmed India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal year at 6 percent, citing several factors
affecting the economic landscape. This announcement comes amid a backdrop of global economic challenges, concerns
T
over subnormal monsoons, and the delayed effects of interest rate hikes.
 India’s economy posted robust growth of 7.8 percent in the first quarter of 2023, bolstered by strong demand in the
services sector and sustained capital expenditure by the government.
 S&P Global Ratings maintains a positive outlook, projecting India’s economy to grow at 6.9 percent in both the fiscal
years 2024-25 and 2025-26. This demonstrates confidence in India’s economic prospects despite the global headwinds.
Amazon steps up AI race with up to $4 billion deal to invest in Anthropic

 E-commerce giant Amazon.com has announced a strategic investment of up to $4 billion in Anthropic, an AI startup,
marking a significant move to enhance its presence in generative artificial intelligence. This partnership, as reported by
Bloomberg (Software company), not only involves a substantial financial commitment but also provides Anthropic with
access to Amazon’s formidable computing power.
 This substantial $4 billion investment in Anthropic reflects Amazon’s commitment to advancing its position in the AI
landscape. While it may not have an immediate financial impact on Amazon’s cloud-services unit, it signals the
company’s determination to compete with industry leaders, particularly Microsoft, in the realm of artificial intelligence.
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India allows 75,000 tonne of non-Basmati white rice exports to UAE
 tr-The Government
5I7E0B7F3D1E9E of India has recently made a significant decision to permit the export of 75,000 tons of non-basmati
white rice to the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This move comes at a time when India had imposed restrictions on the
export of non-basmati white rice, aiming to bolster domestic supplies amidst concerns over inflation and the
unpredictability of the monsoon season. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) made this announcement
on Monday, signaling a shift in India’s export policies.
 The export of non-basmati white rice to 0U
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7OUAE will be facilitated through the National Cooperatives Exports Limited
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(NCEL). NCEL plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth execution of India’s export initiatives, and its involvement in
this endeavor underscores the government’s commitment to balancing domestic and international demands for
essential food commodities.
w 6390573333
143
S&P retains India's FY24 growth forecast at 6%, citing global economic slowdown, rising monsoon risks
 S&P Global Ratings has reaffirmed India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal year at 6 percent, citing several factors
affecting the economic landscape. This announcement comes amid a backdrop of global economic challenges, concerns
over subnormal monsoons, and the delayed effects of interest rate hikes.
 India’s economy posted robust growth of 7.8 percent in the first quarter of 2023, bolstered by strong demand in the
services sector and sustained capital expenditure by the government.
 S&P Global Ratings maintains a positive outlook, projecting India’s economy to grow at 6.9 percent in both the fiscal
years 2024-25 and 2025-26. This demonstrates confidence in India’s economic prospects despite the global headwinds.
RBI cancels licence of Mumbai-based 'The Kapol Co-operative Bank'

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken a significant step by cancelling the license of The Kapol Co-operative Bank
Limited, a Mumbai-based cooperative bank. This decision was made primarily due to concerns regarding the bank’s
inadequate capital and earning prospects.
 The RBI, in a statement, announced the cancellation of The Kapol Co-operative Bank Limited’s license. According to
This decision was made effective immediately, leaving the bank unable to perform its core functions.
c o
the central bank, this cancellation means that the cooperative bank is prohibited from conducting banking activities.
m

India keeps borrowing plan unchanged for Oct-March
rs .
The Indian government has chosen to keep its borrowing plan unchanged for the second half of the fiscal year 2023-
e
2024 (H2FY24). The government’s projected gross market borrowing for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2024, stands at
Rs 15.43 lakh crore. Between April and September, the government successfully borrowed Rs 8.88 lakh crore.


this instrument.
k
In a significant move, India has introduced a new security with a 50-year tenure, aiming to raise Rs 30,000 crore through
n
As part of the borrowing plan for the second half of the fiscal year, the government will issue government green bonds
a
worth Rs 20,000 crore, which will include a new 30-year security.
p r
RBI imposes penalty on Saraswat Co-operative Bank, Bassein Catholic Co-operative Bank, Rajkot Nagarik
o
Sahakari Bank
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), in its ongoing commitment to maintain the integrity and adherence to banking
T
regulations, has imposed monetary penalties on three co-operative banks. These banks, namely Saraswat Co-operative
Bank Limited, Bassein Catholic Co-operative Bank Ltd, and Rajkot Nagarik Sahakari Bank Ltd, were found to have
deficiencies in regulatory compliance.
 Saraswat Co-operative Bank Limited, headquartered in Mumbai, has been penalized with a monetary penalty of ₹23
lakh.
 The bank has contravene various provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (BR Act), and the directions issued by
RBI on ‘Loans and advances to directors, their relatives, and firms/concerns in which they are interested.’
Bank credit growth to dip to 13-13.5% this year from 15.9% in FY23: CRISIL
 In a recent analysis, Crisil, a leading research and ratings agency, has provided a comprehensive overview of the
projected trends in India’s bank credit growth for the fiscal year 2023-24 (FY24). Several factors have been identified
that contribute to the anticipated decline in credit expansion. Here’s a breakdown of their insights and predictions:
1. Slower Economic Growth:
Previous Year’s GDP Growth: 7.2%
Predicted Current Year’s GDP Growth: 6% 3Q1T9T
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The slower economic growth rate is a key factor affecting credit expansion.
1E9E
tr-5I7E0B7F3D
Hot, dry August spurs core sector output growth to 14-month high
 In a significant economic development, India’s core sector witnessed impressive growth in August, reaching a 14-month
high of 12.1%.
 In August, India’s eight core industries experienced a remarkable growth rate of 12.1%, marking a substantial increase
9T
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from the previous year when core tr-
sector
5O7N0Ugrowth at 4.2%.
 This robust growth is a positive sign for the Indian economy, indicating a strong recovery and revival of essential
infrastructure sectors.
w 6390573333
144
 Five of the eight core sectors played a pivotal role in driving this growth: cement (18.9%), coal (17.9%), electricity (14.9%),
steel (10.9%), and natural gas (10.0%).
India's fiscal deficit at Rs 6.4 lakh cr in April-Aug, 36% of full-year target: CGA
 India’s fiscal deficit for the first five months of the 2023-24 financial year has reached 36% of the full-year target,
according to data from the Controller General of Accounts (CGA).
 The fiscal deficit at this point in the current financial year is higher than the previous year, standing at 32.6% of the
Budget Estimates (BE) for 2022-23 during the same period.
 The Union Budget aimed to reduce the fiscal deficit to 5.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP) for 2023-24, compared
to 6.4% in 2022-23.
Government raises windfall tax on crude oil to ₹12,100 per tonne

 In a recent move, the Indian government has announced significant changes to its tax policies related to the petroleum
industry. These changes include an increase in the special additional excise duty (SAED) on domestically produced

crude petroleum, as well as reductions in levies on diesel and Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF).
o m
Effective from September 30, 2023, the government has raised the windfall tax on domestically produced crude oil to Rs
c
12,100 per tonne. This marks an increase from the previous rate of Rs 10,000 per tonne, which was set during the last
.
fortnightly review on September 15, 2023.
rs
RBI's Swaminathan J chairs 28th Advisory committee meet in Lucknow
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e
The 28th Meeting of the Standing Advisory Committee to review the flow of credit to Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises - MSME sector was held under the chairmanship of RBI Deputy Governor Mr. Swaminathan J, in Lucknow.

 k
Emphasising the significant role of the MSME sector, particularly in the context of the goal of attaining developed
n
economy status by 2047, the RBI Deputy Governor stressed the need for collaborative efforts on the part of all
stakeholders to unlock the full potential of MSMEs.
a
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He also highlighted various initiatives taken by the Reserve Bank such as the Account Aggregator framework, the digital
Public Tech Platform to enable delivery of frictionless credit and the regulatory sandbox on MSME lending.
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1

1. E-Waste Management in India 4

E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

E Waste management in India

1. Where does India stand in terms of generating e

k e was introduced in which rules?

Which electronic device has contributed the most to

To the total electronic export from India?

More about ecoside

k e (c) CWar crimes

What caused the earthquake

What was the aftermath?

Who is Dr. Kannan?

What is Ramon Magsaysay award?

rights, culture, and the arts.

17. The Ramon Magsaysay award is given out every year

(a) Government service

k e The Ramon Magsasay award was established in

What is Varuna Exercise?

What is the significance of this exercise?

25th Anniversary of India France Partnership

steadfast commitment to reducing the effects of climate change.

What are the features of UPI ATM

Working of UPI ATM

National Payment Corporation of India

27. In February 2023, which of the following payment

p r (b) Hitachi payment services

INDIAN DRONE POLICY

Drone Rules 2021:

unmanned aircraft system or a combination of these, for which it is issued.

PLI Scheme for drones

What are the arguments of the states?

38. Which of the project in Karnataka is behind the

Brief details about Gabon:

Details about the Gabon Coup:

How is the relationships between Gabon and India:

Brief history about Asian Games:

How Asian Games came into picture:

19th edition Asian Games:

Dispute ISL and AIFF in Asian Games:

r an 48. The first Asian games was organised in New Delhi. It

How Nipah Virus spreads:

53. Which among the following animals cannot spread

What are ‘self-respect’ marriages?

k e (a) Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

What was the main purpose of the Madras

r an (d) It led to the registration of self-respect

marriages under Hindu law

(b) To provide legal recognition for self-respect

(c) To promote Brahminic interpretations of

About Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council:

Powers of the Council

SPECIAL SESSION OF PARLIAMENT

When does Parliament meet?

What does the Constitution say? 3Q1T9T

How often do Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha meet?

convened for specific occasions, like commemorating parliamentary or national milestones.

DELHI HIGH COURT ORDERS ON SERVICE CHARGE

Court's Initial Stay:

Evolving Court Directions:

Relationship with 2017 Guidelines: 3Q1T9T

to confusion and dissatisfaction.