THE CLAT POST OCTOBER WGN

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S. No. Contents
1. Nobel Prize 2023 3
2. Caste Sensus In India And Bihar Census Issue 5
3. Advisory Board Of Banking Frauds And Recent Frauds In India 7
4. China’s Recent Map And Disputes 9
5. Model Code Of Conduct And All About Recent Elections 11
6. Tourism Villages And Unwto 13
7. Operation Chakra And All About Cbi 15
8. Project 15b, 17a, 75 And Others Under Defense 17
9. Rrts Corridor, Namo Bharat Train 19
10.
11.
12.
Gyan Sahayak Scheme
2028 Los Angeles Olympics
Haiti Violence And UN Peace Keeping Forces
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23
25
13.
14.
Global Hunger Index And Hunger Issue In India
Sarswati Samman
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28
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15. Intensified Mission Indradhanush 5.0 29
16. Operation Ajay And Other Such Operations Of India 31
17.
18.
19.
Open Market Operations By RBI
Asian Games 2023
Project Kupier And Other Space News
a n k 33
35
37
20.
21.
India’s AI Report
Posh Act Implementation Issues
p r 38
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22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
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Nuclear Briefcase
Sakhrov Prize For Freedom Of Thought And Iranian Crisis
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Large Language Models And India’s Plan Of National Deep Tech Start Up Policy
White Phospohorus Weapons And Related Laws
69th National Film Awards
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42
44
45
46
27. Made In India Cough Syrup Issues And New Pharma Policy 48
28. International Day For Eradication Of Poverty 49
29. Sdg Summit And India On Sdg 50
30. India 2+2 Dialogues 52
31. Right To Repair 53
32. Israel-Palestine Conflict 55
33. Chabahar Port, India- Iran Relations 57
34. All About BRICS 59
35. Taiwan Investment In Tamilnadu And India-Taiwan Relations 61
36. RTI Online Portal Information Missing 63
37. Digital Health Revolution In India 65
38. NANO DAP 67
39. Gyanvapi Mosque Issue 69
40. Indian Post Payment Banks 71
41. Electoral Bonds 72
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42. Money Bills 74
43. Posh Act 75
Bhopal 9109108421 | Indore 9109108422 | Jaipur 9109108430| Jodhpur 9109108419 | Jabalpur 9039911553 | Lucknow 9109108172| Nagpur 9109108171 | Ranchi 9102673728 | | Jammu 9419188148 |
Delhi 8448444207 | Raipur 7000954770| Patna 7645019145 | Chandigarh 7000954770| Bhilai 7000954770| Navi Mumbai 7208369556 | Bilaspur 9109108416 | Gurugram 09717289708 | w
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44. Copyright infringement of Religious Texts 76
45. Same sex marriage Judgement 78
46. Foetal Viability and Rights of Unborn Child 78
47. Religious v. Secular functions (Appointment of Priest in tn temples) 80
48. UAPA 82
49. Dynamic Injunction 83
50. Abortion Laws (MTP Act Amendment 2021) 84
51. National 86
52. International 97
53. Science & Technology 101
54. Appointmens & Resignations 102
55.
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Awards & Recognition
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56. Books & Authors 108
57. 108
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Important Days
58.
59.
60.
Obituaries
Ranks & Reports
Sports
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113
114
61.
62.
Summits and MoUs
Banking And Economy
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121
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October, 2023
NOBEL PRIZE 2023
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Why in news
The 2023 Nobel Prizes have now been revealed. The Karolinska Institute awarded the prize for physiology or medicine,
the Swedish Academy for literature, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for physics, chemistry, and economics.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee, situated in Oslo, has awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Alfred Nobel, the Swedish
scientist who established the award, left money for prizes in his will.
. c o
What are Nobel Prize
e r s
The man who came up with the idea for the Nobel Prizes was Alfred Nobel, a well-known 19th-century Swedish chemist,
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inventor, and businessman. Nobel directed in his last will and testament that the prizes from his estate be given to
“those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.”
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Five years after Nobel's death, in 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded. He appointed the Royal Swedish Academy
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of Sciences for Chemistry and Physics, the Swedish Academy for Literature, Sweden's Karolinska Institute for Physiology
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or Medicine, and the Norwegian Parliament for Peace to manage the awards in different categories.
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Following the same guidelines as the other Nobel Prizes, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory
of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden. The Economics Prize is
now awarded with the other Nobel Prizes, however some purists disagree over whether it is a legitimate Nobel Prize.
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Nobel Prize 2023 in Physiology or Medicine
The winners of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicinetr-are
5G2JDrew 6D0A
7B5A8JWeissman and Katalin Karikó. Their ground-
breaking research on mRNA vaccines, which have been important in the fight against COVID-19, has earned them
recognition. The way we prevent and treat infectious diseases could be completely changed by their findings.
Nobel Prize 2023 in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 was to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier in recognition of their
revolutionary work developing experimental techniques that produce light pulses lasting attoseconds. The complex
behaviour of electrons inside of atoms and molecules may now be studied in new ways thanks to these attosecond
pulses.
Their experiments have produced light pulses that are measured in attoseconds, because they are so short. There are as
many attoseconds in a second as there have been seconds since the universe's creation, making an attosecond an
incredibly brief unit of time. These incredibly brief light bursts are an effective means of observing and investigating
fast electron dynamics and energy transitions.
Nobel Prize 2023 in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been given to Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov for their
revolutionary work in the synthesis and discovery of quantum dots. The extraordinary accomplishment of realising the
promise of quantum dots—tiny nanoparticles whose distinct characteristics are dictated by their size—is honoured
with the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. These little marvels have made their way into our daily lives, serving a variety
of purposes suchtr-as lighting 6M
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up0Tour LED lamps and televisions, as well as helping doctors remove tumours. Each
recipient of the 2023 Nobel Prize will receive a distinguished monetary prize of 11.0 million Swedish kronor (SEK).
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Nobel Prize 2023 in Literature
Known by his pen name Jon Olav Fosse, he is a Norwegian writer acclaimed "for his innovative plays and prose, which
give voice to the unsayable." Since 1901, the famous Nobel Prize in Literature has been given yearly in Sweden. In
accordance with the bequest of Swedish entrepreneur Alfred Nobel, this honour is given to a writer from any nation
who has created outstanding writing with an idealistic bent. It continues to be one of the five Nobel Prizes that were
instituted in 1895 per Nobel's will. The Swedish Academy bestows the prize, which is managed by the Nobel Foundation.
Nobel Prize in Peace

The Royal Swedish Academy has selected Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi for the coveted Nobel Peace Prize in 2023
for her efforts to advance freedom and human rights for all people as well as her opposition to women's oppression in
Iran.
The award honours their numerous years of service in defending citizens' fundamental rights and advancing the
freedom to object to capricious laws.
Human rights activist Ales Bialiatski from Belarus, the Russian human rights group Memorial, and the Ukrainian human
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rights organisation Centre for Civil Liberties were granted the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022.
Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2023

The labour economist and economic historian Claudia Goldin of Harvard University will receive the Nobel Prize in
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Economy 2023 (Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences) from the "Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences" for her
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research on "women's labour market outcomes."
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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1. The Royal Swedish Academy has selected Narges
Mohammadi to receive the prestigious Nobel Peace
Prize in 2023. She has won the prize for her efforts to
a n k (d) For the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the

theory of the strong interaction
combat women's oppression in (x). Replace (x) with

appropriate option:
(a) Iraq (b) Syria
p r 3. Who has been awarded Nobel Prize in Literature for

the year 2023?
(a) Claudia Goldin (b) Pierre Agostini
2.
(c) Lebanon
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(d) Iran
For what discovery did Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E.

Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov receive the 2023
Chemistry Nobel Prize?
(a) For the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots
4.
(c) Jon Fosse (d) Anne L’Huillier
In which year, Sveriges Riksbank established the

Nobel Prize in Economics?
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1965
(c) 1972
(b) 1968
(d) 1978
(b) For the discovery and research in the field of X-
ray spectroscopy 5. Who has been honoured as the father/founder of
(c) For the discovery of the interplay of disorder and Nobel Prize?
fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to (a) Edward Nobel (b) Alfred Nobel
planetary scales (c) Ben Nobel (d) Henry Nobel
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
1. (d) The Royal Swedish Academy has selected Iranian 2. (a) Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I.
activist Narges Mohammadi for the highly Ekimov have been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in
anticipated Nobel Peace Prize in 2023 for her efforts Chemistry for their discovery and production of
to end women's persecution in Iran and to advance quantum dots. Numerous applications for these
freedom and human rights for all. The award honours nanoparticles exist in fields including quantum
their numerous years of service in defending citizens' computing, advanced surgery, and electronics.
fundamental rights and advancing the freedom to Particles with a diameter of only a few nanometers are
object to capricious laws. Human rights activist Ales known as quantum dots. Their unique optical
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Bialiatski fromtr-5U 2M7L5Qthe
Belarus, Russian human rights properties are a result of their small size. Quantum
group Memorial, and the Ukrainian human rights dots have the same atomic makeup and structure as
organisation Centre for Civil Liberties were granted bulk materials, but their size affects their
the Nobel Peace Prize in 2022. characteristics.
5
3. (c) The Norwegian dramatist and author Jon Fosse won Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established
the 2023 Nobel Prize in literature for his "innovative in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of
plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable." Sweden. The Economics Prize is now awarded with
Jon Fosse is a writer of around forty plays in addition the other Nobel Prizes, however some purists
to children's books, novels, short stories, poetry, and disagree over whether it is a legitimate Nobel Prize.
essays. Versions of his writing are available in almost 5. (b) The most well-known inventions by Alfred Nobel are
fifty languages. His prose is very well known. dynamite and the blasting cap, which started the
4. (b) Following the same guidelines as the other Nobel usage of powerful explosives in modern times. He
Prizes, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic established the Nobel Prizes as well.
CASTE SENSUS IN INDIA AND BIHAR CENSUS ISSUE

Why in news
The state government of Bihar recently announced the results of the Caste Survey, 2023, indicating that the combined
population of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) makes up 63% of the state. The
results are expected to have broader implications for the State and National Elections as well as for determining who is
intended to benefit from different welfare programmes.
The Bihar government's recently released caste survey data has once again raised awareness of the caste census issue.
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Census of India providing statistics on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
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The population estimates for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and other groups have not been released, despite the
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Census in India:
Henry Walter conducted the first known citizen census in Daac (now known as Dhaka) in 1830. Henry Walter is hence
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referred to be the founder of the Indian Census. After that, a second census, supervised by Fort St. George, was carried
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out in 1836–1837. The first synchronous or continuous census began in 1881 and was conducted every ten years after
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that. The Census Commissioner of India, W.C. Plowden, served as its commander. The 2011 census was the most recent
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to be held after India gained its independence. The first census was carried out in 1951. A broad picture of the Indian
population is painted by the census, and state assistance recipients are identified by the SECC. The Census Act of 1948
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SECC to approve or deny benefits to households.
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protects the confidentiality of census data, although government departments are free to use personal information in
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What is the Socio Economic and Caste census:
India's Census programme began with the colonial endeavour of 1881. The government, legislators, scholars, and others
utilise the census to track social development, determine the size of7B the Indian
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activities. It has been criticised, meanwhile, for being a crude tool inappropriate for specialised research.
In order to detect signs of deprivation, the first SECC survey was carried out in 1931 with the goal of gathering data on
the economic state of Indian households in both rural and urban areas. Additionally, it gathers information on particular
caste names in order to assess the economic standing of various caste groupings.
How Bihar Caste Census was conducted:

There were two phases to the survey, each with its own set of criteria and goals.
First Phase: o All of Bihar's homes were tallied and documented during this phase.
A series of 17 questions were sent to the enumerators, and the respondent was required to answer them all.
During the Second Phase, information was gathered about the individuals residing in the houses, their castes and sub-
castes, and their socioeconomic backgrounds.
Filling out the head of the family's ration card number, caste certificate number, and Aadhaar number, however, was
optional.
Role of Bihar Caste Census:

The results of the study will intensify the calls for an EBC quota within a quota and for raising the OBC quota above
27%. The Justice Rohini Commission, which has been looking into the issue of OBC subcategorization since 2017, has
turned in its findings, albeit it hasn't yet made its recommendations public.
The results of the survey will8Talso reignite the controversy surrounding the Supreme Court's historic decision in Indra
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Sawhney v. Uniontr-of India (1992), which placed a 50% cap on reservations. Demands for an increase in the reservation
quota proportionate to the population may come from various caste groups, depending on the number of OBCs.
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The goals stated in the Directive Principles of State Policies (DPSPs), which are referenced in Part IV of the Constitution,
will be achieved with the aid of the Caste Survey. This will significantly contribute to achieving the socioeconomic goals
set forth by the drafters of the Constitution.
History of Socio Economic and Caste census

An attempt was made in 2011 to gather comprehensive data on caste and socioeconomic variables through the SECC.
However, the raw caste data gathered in the SECC has not yet been made public or used to its full potential due to issues
with data quality and classification. The recommendations of an Expert Group that was established to classify and
categorise the raw data have not yet been put into effect. For the first time since independence, caste-based data was
gathered in 2011, but due to political favouritism and opportunism, the information was kept confidential. In India, the
Census was first carried out in 1881 during the colonial era.
Validity and confidentiality of census/survey:

Caste censuses are encouraged by our Constitution as well. A commission must be appointed in accordance with Article
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340 in order to look into the circumstances of the socially and educationally disadvantaged classes and recommend
actions that governments should take. The SECC is a tool to identify those who get state assistance, whereas the Census
gives a picture of the Indian population. Since the Census is conducted in accordance with the Census Act of 1948, all
information is private.
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Conclusion:
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To obtain data on castes and subcastes at the district and state levels, independent research might be carried out. The
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information shouldn't be used as a weapon to widen divisions and exacerbate polarisation in an effort to win elections.
In a broad and varied democracy, it shouldn't cause the concept of representation to break apart and become less
relevant.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
6. As per the Caste Survey, 2023, conducted by State of

Bihar, what percentage of state population is
p r 8. In which year India’s first Socio-Economic and Caste
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constituted by Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and Census was conducted?
Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) together? (a) 1881 (b) 1901
7.
(a) 58%
(c) 67%
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(b) 63%
(d) 73%
The call for raising the OBC quota above 27% will
gain momentum as a result of the survey findings.
Whose committee has been looking into the issue of
(c) 1931
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regarded
(a) W.C Plowden
(c) Henry Walter
(d) 1942
as the Father of India Census?

(b) St. George
(d) Lord Cornwallis
OBC subcategorization since 2017? 10. Which Indian Census became the first census after
(a) The Justice Lalit Commission. independence to collect Caste-based data?
(b) The Justice Rohini Commission (a) 1961 (b) 1991
(c) The Justice Gogoi Commission (c) 2001 (d) 2011
(d) The Justice Mishra Commission

6. (b) The results of the Caste Survey, 2023, which were 7. (b) The results of the study will intensify the calls for an
made public by the State of Bihar's government, EBC quota within a quota and for raising the OBC
showed that 63% of the state's population is quota above 27%. The Justice Rohini Commission,
comprised of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and which has been looking into the issue of OBC
Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs). The results are subcategorization since 2017, has turned in its
expected to have broader implications for the State findings, albeit it hasn't yet made its
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and National Elections as for determining who recommendations public.The results of the survey
is intended to benefit from different welfare will also reignite the controversy surrounding the
programmes. Supreme Court's historic decision in Indra Sawhney v.
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Union of India (1992), which placed a 50% cap on that was conducted in 1836-37 and was administered
reservations. by Fort St. George. The first continuous or
8. (c) In order to detect signs of deprivation, the first Socio- synchronous census commenced in the year 1881 and
Economic and Caste Census was carried out in 1931 then followed a 10 year cycle. The Census
with the goal of gathering data on the economic Commissioner of India, W.C. Plowden, served as its
situation of Indian families in both rural and urban commander.
areas. In order to assess the economic circumstances 10. (d) 2011 saw the collection of caste-based data for the first
of various caste groups, it also gathers data on specific time since independence; however, the data
caste names. pertaining to caste was kept secret because of concern
9. (c) Henry Walter conducted the first known citizen for political favouritism and opportunism. The
census in Daac (now known as Dhaka) in 1830. Henry Census was first conducted in India during the
Walter is therefore referred to as the founder of the colonial era in 1881.
Indian Census. This was followed by a second census
ADVISORY BOARD OF BANKING FRAUDS AND RECENT FRAUDS
Why in news:
IN INDIA
The advisory board on Banking and Financial Frauds (ABBFF) was reorganised by the Central Vigilance Commission
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(CVC) to carry out preliminary investigations into bank frauds and then propose additional inquiries by organisations
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such as the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Under its jurisdiction, the ABBFF is tasked with investigating the
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roles played by officials and full-time directors in public sector banks, insurance providers, and other financial
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organisations in cases of fraud involving ₹3 crores or more.
What is Advisory Board of banking frauds
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Before bank fraud cases are forwarded to investigative organisations such as the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI),
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the ABBFF acts as the first-level examining body. Periodic fraud analysis within the financial system can be carried out
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by ABBFF. It provides information and policy recommendations on fraud management and prevention to regulatory
organisations such as CVC and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
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Composition of Advisory Board of banking frauds
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The Chairman and four other members of the reconstituted ABBFF board each provide their specialised knowledge to
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fraud-related issues. The ABBFF Chairman and Members are appointed to their posts for a period of two years each.
Prior to starting criminal investigations, all public sector banks, insurance providers, and financial institutions are
required to report fraud cases totaling more than Rs. 3 crore to ABBFF. The
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relevant authority must take into account
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the recommendations given by ABBFF regarding the criminality and malafide (behaving dishonestly or in ill faith)
involvement of officials. The scope of the ABBFF includes offering advisory assistance in matters that the CVC or CBI
refer.
Former Central Vigilance Commissioner Suresh N. Patel will preside over the reconvened APBFF. There are four
members in addition to the chairman, and the CVC issued an order stating that the chairman and members will serve
two-year terms beginning on August 21.
Ravikant, a retired IAS official; Rajnikant Mishra, a former BSF director general; David Rasquinha, a former Exim Bank
MD; and Partha Pratim Sengupta, a former Indian Overseas Bank MD and CEO, are the four members of the advisory
board.
More information on Advisory Board of banking frauds

The ABBFF, which will have its headquarters in New Delhi, will normally be required to submit any advise that may be
requested by the Ministry, Department, CVC, or the investigating agency (including the Delhi Special Police
Establishment) within a month of receiving the initial reference.
It's interesting to note that CVC has not approved the Indian Banks Association's (IBA) proposal to introduce a sun set
clause, which would have prohibited any investigative body from taking legal action against a banker for a credit
decision after a predetermined amount of time.
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What is Central Vigilance Commission:
In order to advise and direct Central Government agencies in the area of vigilance, the Central Vigilance Commission
was established by the government in 1964 based on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of
Corruption, which was chaired by Shri K. Santhanam. With the passage of the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003
(CVC Act), the CVC was granted statutory standing by the Parliament. The President appoints the Central Vigilance
Commissioner and a maximum of two Vigilance Commissioners, based on the advice of a committee made up of the
Prime Minister, the Home Minister, and the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha. They serve in this capacity for
a term of four years, or until they become sixty-five, whichever comes first. When the CVC receives accusations about
official misconduct or corruption, it suggests the necessary course of action. The following organisations, groups, or
individuals may contact CVC: Lokpal, the national government, and whistleblowers. It's not a detective agency. Chief
Vigilance Officers (CVO) at government offices or the CBI are the two options available to the CVC for conducting the
investigation. It has the authority to look into claims that certain public servant categories violated the Prevention of
Corruption Act, 1988. The President swore in Praveen Kumar Srivastava as the Central Vigilance Commissioner. An
Assam-Meghalaya cadre IAS officer from the 1988 batch, he has previously held the position of Vigilance Commissioner.
Conclusion:
Additionally, ABBFF has been given the authority to conduct periodic analyses of financial system frauds and provide
RBI and CVC with any feedback it may have about the creation of fraud-related policies.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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11. To strengthen the investigation of bank fraud cases,
the Advisory Board on Banking and Financial Frauds 13. What is the tenure of the Chairman and Members of
(ABBFF) was reconstituted by the Central Vigilance
Commission (CVC). Who is the current chairman of
Central Vigilance Commission?
a n k Advisory Board on Banking and Financial Frauds?

(a) 1 years
(c) 3 years
(b) 2 years
(d) 4 years
r
(a) P. K. Srivastava
(b) P. J. Thomas 14. Prior to starting criminal investigations, all public
(c) Deepak Kumar Chaudhary
(d) Sanjeev Kumar
o p sector banks, insurance providers, and financial

institutions are required to report fraud cases
totaling more than Rs. (x) to ABBFF. Replace (x) with
12.
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The Chairman and four other members of the
reconstituted Advisory Board on Banking and
Financial Frauds board each provide their
specialised knowledge to fraud-related issues. Who
has been appointed as the chairman of ABBFF?
(a) B. A. Prabhakar
15.
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(a) 50 Lakhs
(c) 2 Crore
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(b) 1 Crore
(d) 3 Crore
In which year the Central Vigilance Commission

(CVC) was set up by the government?
(b) Suresh N Patel (a) 1954 (b) 1960
(c) Dinesh Kumar Khara (c) 1964 (d) 1970
(d) Rajnish Kumar

11. (a) Praveen Kumar Srivastava was sworn in by President, financial system can be carried out by ABBFF. It
as the Central Vigilance Commissioner, he is a 1988 provides information and policy recommendations
batch IAS officer of Assam-Meghalaya cadre and also on fraud management and prevention to regulatory
served earlier as Vigilance Commissioner. organisations such as CVC and the Reserve Bank of
12. (b) The reconstituted APBFF will be chaired by Suresh N India (RBI). The Chairman and four other members
Patel, former Central Vigilance Commissioner. of the reconstituted ABBFF board each provide their
Besides the Chairman, there are four Members and specialised knowledge to fraud-related issues. The
the tenure of the Chairman/ Members would be for ABBFF Chairman and Members are appointed to their
two years with effect from August 21, according to an posts for a period of two years each.
order issued by the CVC. 14. (d) Prior to starting criminal investigations, all public
13. (b) Before bank fraud cases are8T
forwarded
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organisations such as the Central Bureau of institutions are required to report fraud cases totaling
Investigation (CBI), the ABBFF acts as the first-level more than Rs. 3 crore to ABBFF. The relevant
examining body. Periodic fraud analysis within the authority must take into account the
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recommendations given by ABBFF regarding the Commission was established by the government in
criminality and malafide (behaving dishonestly or in 1964 based on the recommendations of the
ill faith) involvement of officials. The scope of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, which was
ABBFF includes offering advisory assistance in chaired by Shri K. Santhanam. With the passage of the
matters that the CVC or CBI refer. Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 (CVC Act),
15. (c) In order to advise and direct Central Government the CVC was granted statutory standing by the
agencies in the area of vigilance, the Central Vigilance Parliament.
CHINA’S RECENT MAP AND DISPUTES

Why in news:
With the release of the "2023 edition of the standard map of China," the Chinese government has once again asserted
its territorial claims over areas that are under dispute. The map is being released in conjunction with China's "National
Mapping Awareness Publicity Week," a campaign to raise awareness of the value of precise and consistent mapping.
Claims of China:
China's territorial claims, which include Arunachal Pradesh and the Aksai Chin Region, are included in the map. China
and India have been at odds over these claims for a long time. The "Nine-Dash Line," a controversial border that
encircles the whole South China Sea and emphasises Beijing's claims over this vital maritime area, is also included on
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the map. The tenth dashed line, which highlights Beijing's claims over Taiwan island, is also displayed on the map.
Background of India China Border Dispute:
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The long-standing and intricate territorial disputes along the 3,488-kilometer common boundary between China and
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India are referred to as the "border dispute." The primary points of contention are Arunachal Pradesh in the eastern
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sector and Aksai Chin in the western sector. Aksai Chin: India views Aksai Chin as a part of its union territory of Ladakh,
whereas China manages the area as part of its Xinjiang region. Because of its potential as a military corridor and its
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closeness to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the region is strategically significant. Arunachal Pradesh:
a
Known as "South Tibet," China asserts full sovereignty of the state. India views this area as an essential component of
its territory and manages it as a northeastern state.
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Actual Control (LAC) along certain stretches.
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The border between India and China is not clearly demarcated throughout and there is no mutually agreed Line of
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LAC came into existence after the 1962 Indo-China war.
Previous skirmishes and dispute settlement:

Many military skirmishes and standoffs have resulted from the border
tr-5G 8J6D0A including the Sino-Indian War of 1962.
2J7B5Aissue,
Both nations have worked to reduce tensions by implementing a number of agreements and procedures meant to keep
the border area peaceful. The two most significant war outbreaks in recent memory occurred in Tawang, Arunachal
Pradesh, in 2022, and the Galwan Valley in Ladakh in 2020. It is widely acknowledged by observers on both sides of the
Line of Actual Control (LAC) that since 2013, there have been more significant military encounters.
The area between steep mountains that abut the Galwan River is known as the Galwan Valley. The River rises in China
at Aksai Chin and travels eastward to Ladakh, where it joins the Shyok River on the Indian side of the Ladakh. The valley
is ideally situated between Aksai Chin, which is presently under Chinese rule as part of its Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous
Region, and Ladakh in the west. The Darbuk-Shyok-Daulet Beg Oldie (DSDBO) road and the Shyok River are located
at its westernmost point. Its eastern mouth is located close to the G219 highway, which is currently China's crucial
Xinjiang Tibet road.
The LAC is located in the valley to the east of the Shyok and Galwan river confluence, where China and India have
recently begun patrolling. However, China asserted after the conflict on June 15 that the whole valley is on its side of
the LAC.
In 1914, representatives of Tibet, China, and British India gathered in Shimla for a convention aimed at drawing the
border between Tibet and North East India. Following the talks, Tibet and British India signed the agreement, but not
the Chinese officials. China rejected the McMahon line and the Shimla agreement, but India currently recognises both.
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The readiness to "Respect each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity" was made abundantly plain by the
Panchsheel ideology. Pledges on non-aggression, advance notice of significant force moves, and the sharing of maps to
settle disputes over the LAC were outlined in the 1996 agreement.
10
1996 Agreement
Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas
is the subject of the 1996 agreement.
"With a view to preventing dangerous military activities along the line of actual control in the India-China border areas,"
reads Article VI (1) of the 1996 agreement. Two km from the line of real control is where neither side is allowed to
commence fire, use hazardous chemicals, induce biodegradation, carry out blast operations or go on a gun or explosives
search. Regular fire operations at small-arms firing ranges are exempt from this ban.
Article VI (4), however, applies more in this case: "If border personnel from both sides enter a face-to-face situation
because they disagree about where to draw the line of actual control or for any other reason, they must exercise self-
control and take all appropriate action to prevent the situation from getting worse. Along with reviewing the situation
and preventing any escalation of tension, both sides must immediately begin immediate talks through diplomatic
and/or other channels that may be available.
m
2005 Agreement
Article 1 states that "peaceful and amicable consultations between the two sides will resolve the boundary question." By
all means, neither party may use force against the other or threaten to use it.
It was also mentioned in the 2013 Agreement on Border Defence Cooperation that neither party would employ the
other's military might.
. c o
Conclusion:
e r s
India is being co-opted into a larger anti-China alliance and is being presented as a model alternative to China, which
China obviously views as provocative.
n k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a
r
16. With the release of the "2023 edition of the standard 18. Which agreement was signed between India and
map of China," the Chinese government has once China to demarcate the boundary between Tibet and
again asserted its territorial claims over areas that
o
are under dispute. What is the length of India and
China border?
p North East India?
(a) Shimla Agreement (b) Tashkent Agreement
(c) Tawang Agreement (d) Delhi Agreement
17.
(a) 3460 kilometers
(c) 3488 kilometers
T
(b) 3695 kilometers
(d) 3323 kilometers
In certain areas, the Line of Actual Control (LAC)

between China and India is not mutually agreed
upon, and the border between the two countries is
19. China's territorial claims, which include Tawang
valley and
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the Aksai Chin Region, are included in the
6D0A
map. In which state Tawang valley is located?
(a) Sikkim (b) Ladakh
(c) Arunachal Pradesh (d) Shimla
not precisely defined. In which year LAC came into
existence? 20. The "(x)" a controversial border that encircles the
(a) 1955 (b) 1960 whole South China Sea and emphasises Beijing's
(c) 1962 (d) 1967 claims over this vital maritime area, is also included
on the map. Replace (x) with appropriate option:
(a) Six-Dash Line (b) Seven-Dash Line
(c) Nine-Dash Line (d) Eleven-Dash Line

16. (c) The long-standing and intricate territorial disputes entirely. LAC was established following the Indo-
along the 3,488-kilometer common boundary China War of 1962.
between China and India are referred to as the 18. (a) In 1914, representatives of Tibet, China, and British
"border dispute." The primary points of contention India gathered in Shimla for a convention aimed at
are Arunachal Pradesh in the eastern sector and Aksai drawing the border between Tibet and North East
Chin in the western sector. India. Following the talks, Tibet and British India
2M7L 5Q8T 6M0T
17. (c) In certain areas,
tr-5Uthe Line of Actual Control (LAC), signed the agreement, but not the Chinese officials.
which separates India and China, is not mutually China rejected the McMahon line and the Shimla
agreed upon and the border is not precisely defined agreement, but India currently recognises both.
11
19. (c) Over the course of over 75 years, there have been 20. (c) China's territorial claims, which include Arunachal
cycles of collaboration and conflict in India-China Pradesh and the Aksai Chin Region, are included in
ties. The two most significant war outbreaks in recent the map. China and India have been at odds over
memory occurred in Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh, in these claims for a long time. The "Nine-Dash Line," a
2022, and the Galwan Valley in Ladakh in 2020. It is controversial border that encircles the whole South
widely acknowledged by observers on both sides of China Sea and emphasises Beijing's claims over this
the Line of Actual Control (LAC) that since 2013, there vital maritime area, is also included on the map. The
have been more significant military encounters. tenth dashed line, which highlights Beijing's claims
over Taiwan island, is also displayed on the map.
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT AND ALL ABOUT RECENT

ELECTIONS
Why in news:
Model Code of Conduct is crucial to the smooth running of a free and fair election because polls in Chhattisgarh,
m
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Mizoram are scheduled for various dates between November 7 and
November 30.
Election in 2023:
.
The timeline for the assembly elections in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Mizoram was
c o
s
released by the Election Commission of India (ECI). Chhattisgarh's election will take place in two stages. On November
r
7, the first round of voting will take place. On November 17, there will be a second phase. On November 17, Madhya
e
Pradesh will have its parliamentary election. Elections in Mizoram are scheduled for November 7, while Telangana will
k
have a single phase of voting on November 30 and Rajasthan on November 23.
What is Model is Code of Conduct:
a n
The MCC is a collection of rules that the ECI released in order to control political parties and candidates before elections.
r
It supports EC in accordance with the authority granted to it by Article 324 of the Constitution, which grants it the
authority to oversee and manage fair and impartial elections for the State Legislatures and the Parliament. From the
o
Inception of Model Code of Conduct:
p
day the election timetable is announced until the day the results are revealed, the MCC is in operation.
T
The Kerala Assembly elections in 1960 served as the impetus for the creation of the MCC, as the State government
drafted a "Code of Conduct" for political players. Following that, the ECI distributed the code to all recognised political
parties and State governments in time for the 1962 Lok Sabha elections, and
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it was adhered to completely. In 1991, the
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EC made the decision to impose the MCC with greater rigour due to persistent election irregularities and corruption.
Applicability of Model Code of Conduct

Despite lacking legislative support, MCC has gained traction in the last ten years due to the EC's stringent
implementation of it. By using analogous provisions included in other legislation, such as the Indian Penal Code 1860,
the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, and the Representation of the People Act 1951, certain aspects of the MCC may be
enforced. The Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice suggested in 2013 that the MCC
be included in the RPA 1951 and made legally obligatory. EC, however, opposes making it legally enforceable. It states
that elections must be finished in about 45 days, a rather short time frame, and that legal proceedings usually take
longer, therefore making it legally enforceable is not possible.
General Guidelines under Model Code of Conduct

1. No political party or candidate may engage in any activities that could exacerbate already-existing animosities,
foster animosity towards one another, or inflame tensions between various castes and communities, whether they
be linguistic or religious.
2. When criticising rival political parties, remarks should be limited to their platforms, policies, track records, and
accomplishments. Parties and Candidates shall abstain from criticising any aspect of a person's private life that is
unrelated to their participation in public affairs as leaders or employees of other parties. It is improper to criticise
other people or their employees
0T
based on unsubstantiated claims or misrepresentation.
3. Caste or group 2M7L5Q8T6Mcannot be used as a means of gaining support. Places of religion such as churches,
tr-5Usentiments
mosques, or temples cannot serve as platforms for election propaganda.
12
4. All parties and candidates shall avoid scrupulously all activities which are “corrupt practices” and offences under
the election law, such as bribing of voters, intimidation of voters, impersonation of voters, canvassing within 100
meters of polling stations, holding public meetings during the period of 48 hours ending with the hour fixed for the
close of the poll, and the transport and conveyance of voters to and from polling station.
Election Commission of India and its role:
In order to hold free and fair elections in accordance with Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, the Election
Commission guarantees that the MCC be observed by the political party in power and the candidates running for office.
Since 1952, the Election Commission has conducted state and national elections with great success. These days, it
actively works to guarantee increased public engagement. The following guidelines for the composition of the election
commission are outlined in Article 324 of the Constitution:
The Chief Election Commissioner and the other election commissioners are appointed by the President. The CEC serves
m
as the Chairman of the Election Commission when any other EC is appointed in this capacity. If needed, the President
may designate regional commissioners to support the Commission following consultation with the Election
Commission. The President of the nation will decide on each commissioner's term of office and terms of service.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
. c o
21. Which state election is credited for the origins of
Model Code of Conduct (MCC)?
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) Kerala
e
24.
r s
(c) Article 324 (d) Article 340
As per the Model Code of Conduct candidates shall

(c) Gujarat (d) Punjab
n k avoid holding public meetings during the period of

(x) hours ending with the hour fixed for the close of
ra
22. In which year Model Code of Conduct (MCC) was the poll. Replace (x) with appropriate option:
made legally binding? (a) 24 hours (b) 48 hours
(a) 2009 (b) 2011 (c) 72 hours (d) 96 hours
23.
(c) 2013 (d) 2014
o p
Which provision of the Indian Constitution vest the
25. Which of the following states is not going for state
assembly election in 2023?
free and fair election?

(a) Article 300A
T
power with Election Commission of India to conduct
(b) Article 320

(a) Chhattisgarh
(c) West Bengal
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
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(b) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Mizoram
21. (b) The Kerala Assembly elections in 1960 served as the that election-related abuses of official machinery are
impetus for the creation of the MCC, as the State prevented. Additionally, it makes sure that electoral
government drafted a "Code of Conduct" for political violations, frauds, and unethical behaviour are
players. Following that, the ECI distributed the code stopped at all costs.
to all recognised political parties and State 24. (b) All parties and candidates shall avoid scrupulously all
governments in time for the 1962 Lok Sabha elections, activities which are “corrupt practices” and offences
and it was adhered to completely. In 1991, the EC under the election law, such as bribing of voters,
made the decision to impose the MCC with greater intimidation of voters, impersonation of voters,
rigour due to persistent election irregularities and canvassing within 100 meters of polling stations,
corruption. holding public meetings during the period of 48 hours
22. (c) The Standing Committee on Personnel, Public ending with the hour fixed for the close of the poll,
Grievances, Law and Justice suggested in 2013 that the and the transport and conveyance of voters to and
MCC be included in the RPA 1951 and made legally from polling station.
obligatory. 25. (c) Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Telangana
23. (c) In order to hold free and fair elections in accordance and Mizoram will go to polls on different days from
with Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, the November 7-30 and votes will be counted for the five
Election Commission guarantees that the MCC be States on December 3, the Election Commission of
observed by the 6M0T in power and the
2M7L5Q8Tparty
tr-5Upolitical India (ECI) said on October 9, setting the stage for the
candidates running for office. MCC also makes sure 2024 Lok Sabha polls semi-finals.
13
TOURISM VILLAGES AND UNWTO
Why in news:
The stunning Gujarati village of Dhordo has gained fame throughout the world after being included in the World
Tourism Organization's (UNWTO) list of the top 54 tourist settlements.
A brief detail about Dhordo village

In order to establish itself as a top tourist attraction on the international scene, the Gujarati village of Dhordo has to go
a long way. It recently held the first-ever G20 Tourism Working Group Meeting, which India was the group's influential
president. This assembly of world leaders in the picturesque surroundings of Dhordo demonstrated the village's ability
to hold international events and emphasised its increasing significance in the tourism industry.
What is UNWTO’s Best Tourism Villages 2023 Accolade

The UNWTO's Best Tourism Villages 2023 award honours villages that set the standard for promoting rural
communities, protecting local values, maintaining cultural variety, maintaining natural settings, and savouring regional
cuisine. This project, which was introduced in 2021, is an essential part of the UNWTO's Tourism for Rural Development
programme, which aims to encourage environmentally friendly travel practises.
c o m
.
Out of over 260 applications, 54 communities from various regions were chosen for the third edition of the UNWTO
s
initiative. The declaration was made at the UNWTO General Assembly, which took place from October 16–20 in
r
Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and brought together leaders and specialists to talk about the future of international travel.
e
The villages of Barrancas in Chile, Biei in Japan, Cantavieja in Spain, Dahshour in Egypt, Dongbaek in the Republic of
Korea, Douma in Lebanon, Ericeira in Portugal, and Filandia in Colombia were among those that received recognition
in addition to Dhordo.
How the evaluation and selection is conducted:
a n k
The UNWTO recognises nine essential areas in which the villages are evaluated: natural and cultural resources; cultural
p r
resource promotion and conservation; economic, social, and environmental sustainability; and tourist development.
These standards guarantee that recognised villages are not merely picturesque locations but also areas where the local
o
ecology and culture are conserved and tourism enhances the community as a whole.
T
All about World Tourism Organization
The United Nations World Tourism Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations which promotes
responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. It is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO promotes
tr-5G2J 7B5A8J6D0A
tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability. India became a
member of the UNWTO in 1975. The nodal agency in India that works with the UNWTO is the Ministry of Tourism.
The UNWTO leads the World Tourism Day celebrations every year on 27 September. UNWTO headquarters are based
in Madrid, Spain. The Secretariat is led by the Secretary-General and organized into departments covering issues such
as sustainability, education, tourism trends and marketing, sustainable development, statistics and the Tourism Satellite
Account (TSA), destination management, ethics and risk and crisis management. The World Tourism Organization was
established in 1975.
Previous winner from India

The United Nations World Tourism Organisation named Pochampally hamlet in Telangana as one of the Best Tourism
Villages (UNWTO). Since Pochampally in the Nalgonda district weaves gorgeous sarees in the distinctive Ikat pattern,
the town is frequently referred to as the "silk city of India." In 2004, the Pochampally Ikat style was granted a
Geographical Indicator (GI Status). Vocal 4 Local, the Prime Minister's motto, brought particular attention to
Pochampally's distinctive weaving styles and patterns as part of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The first National Handloom Day
was celebrated on August 7, 2015, by the Prime Minister in honour of the formal declaration of the Swadeshi Movement,
which was made on the same day in 1905 during a meeting at the Calcutta Town Hall. The purpose of the celebration
was to acknowledge the variety of weaving techniques and our rich handloom tradition. To honour Acharya Vinobha
Bhave's inauguration of the Bhoodan Movement from this village on April 18, 1951, Pochampally is also known as
Bhoodan Pochampally.
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14
World Tourism Day
September 27 has been designated as World Tourism Day as a worldwide observance by the United Nations World
Tourism Organisation since 1980. This date was selected since the UNWTO's statutes were adopted on that day in 1970.
In the history of tourism worldwide, the passage of these Statutes is regarded as historic. The topic for the 2023 World
Tourism Day is "Investments in Green Tourism and Tourism." The significance of increasing the sustainability and
environmental friendliness of tourism is highlighted by this theme. Using funds and resources to promote
environmentally friendly tourism sector practises is known as "green investing."
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
26. Which Indian state is in the list of Best Tourism (c) Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Villages 2023, that has been released by United (d) Zurab Pololikashvili
Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)?
(a) Dhordo village (b) Mawlynnong village 29. The announcement of Best Tourism Villages 2023
m
(c) Lakhpat village (d) Navsari village was made during the UNWTO General Assembly
held in:
27. Where are the headquarters of The United Nations
World Tourism Organization is located?
(a) Geneva (b) Vienna
(a) Tajikistan
(c) Turkmenistan
. o
(b) Uzbekistan
c
(d) Azerbaijan
28.
(c) Madrid (d) Califronia
Who is the current Secretary-General of The United

Nations World Tourism Organization?
30.
e s
(x) major areas are used to evaluate the UNWTO-
r
recognized villages. Replace (x) with appropriate
option:
(a) Six (b) Seven
(a) Peter Sutherland
(b) Garret FitzGerald
a n k (c) Eight (d) Nine
26. (a) The Gujarati village of Dhordo managed to make it

r
p high-level roles in both the private and public sectors.
T o
onto the United Nations World Tourism
Organization's (UNWTO) list of the Best Tourism
Villages 2023. Dhordo village is well-known for its
cultural spectacular, which features traditional crafts,
music, and art from the area. The community hosts
the three-month-long "Rann Utsav" festival every
year.
29.
Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is the Director General of
the World Trade Organisation (WTO). She is an
economist and international development expert
with over 30 years of experience.
(b) Out of0A
tr-5G2J7B5A 8J6D
over 260 applications, 54 communities from
various regions were chosen for the third edition of
the UNWTO initiative. The declaration was made at
27. (c) The United Nations World Tourism Organization is a the UNWTO General Assembly, which took place
specialized agency of the United Nations which from October 16–20 in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and
promotes responsible, sustainable and universally brought together leaders and specialists to talk about
accessible tourism. It is headquartered in Madrid, the future of international travel.
Spain. UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of 30. (d) The UNWTO recognises nine essential areas in which
economic growth, inclusive development and the villages are evaluated: natural and cultural
environmental sustainability. resources; cultural resource promotion and
28. (d) Zurab Pololikashvili has been Secretary-General of conservation; economic, social, and environmental
the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) since sustainability; and tourist development.
January 2018. Prior to this, he worked in a number of
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15
OPERATION CHAKRA AND ALL ABOUT CBI
Why in news
Operation Chakra-II was started by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to combat financial crimes in India that
are multinational, organised, and enabled by cyberspace. This is why the Indian government agency has joined up with
Amazon and Microsoft in addition to other national and international organisations to fight and destroy the
infrastructure of illicit call centres. The CBI said that it searched 76 places in five different cases at several states,
including Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Bihar, Delhi, West Bengal,
and Himachal Pradesh, during a nationwide crackdown.
What is Operation Chakra-II

It was started to combat financial crimes in India that are transnationally organised and enabled by cyberspace. For this
purpose, the CBI has collaborated with national and international agencies, Microsoft, and Amazon, in order to attack
and demolish the infrastructure of illicit contact centres. To report any new leads, the CBI is collaborating with the US
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Singapore Police Force, the BKA of Germany, the Cyber Crime Directorate
and IFCACC of INTERPOL, the National Crime Agency (NCA) in the UK, and the UK National Crime Agency (NCA).
c o m
Why Microsoft and Amazon are part of Operation Chakra-II?
r s .
The majority of the illicit contact centres that the CBI raided pretended to be Amazon and Microsoft customer service.
These call centres prey on the weak and con thousands of people every year. For this reason, Microsoft and Amazon
investigations.
k e
have partnered with the CBI to exchange vital data and support Indian law enforcement organisations in their
What is Central Bureau of Investigation
a n
India's top investigating body is the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The Santhanam Committee's suggestion led
r
to the agency's creation by the Indian government in 1963. There is no statute governing CBI. It was granted investigative
p
authority by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946.
T o
Function and Control of Central Bureau of Investigation:
The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (which functioned under PMO) is in charge of it. However,
the Central Vigilance Commission is under the supervision of the CBI when it comes to investigating offences under
the Prevention of Corruption Act.
5G2J7B5A
It was originally established to look into cases of corruption intr-public
8J6D0A
sector organisations and government agencies.
But as time has gone on, its purview has broadened to include a variety of instances, such as organised crime,
cybercrimes, economic offences, and unique crimes.
Operation Megh Chakra:

Under the code name "Megh Chakra," the operation is being conducted based on intelligence obtained by the police in
New Zealand, with cooperation from Interpol's Singapore special unit. The Central Bureau of Investigation is leading a
nationwide campaign in India to stop the dissemination and circulation of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). The
goal of the operation is to gather data from different Indian law enforcement authorities, communicate with pertinent
law enforcement organisations around the world, and carefully coordinate the matter through Interpol channels. After
extensive investigation, more than 50 groups including over 5,000 offenders—including citizens of nearly 100
countries—were identified. The CBI carried out a comparable exercise code known as "Operation Carbon" in November
2021.
Who appoints the director of CBI:

The Delhi Special Police Establishment's Director, CBI, in his capacity as Inspector General of Police, is in charge of the
organization's management. The DSPE Act, 1946 served as the basis for the appointment of the CBI Director till 2014.
In response to the Supreme Court's recommendation in the Vineet Narain case, the DSPE Act was amended in 2003.
The Central Government would receive recommendations for the appointment of the CBI Director from a committee
8T6M 0T
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that included representatives from the Central Vigilance Commission, the Secretaries of the Home Ministry, the
Ministry of Personnel, and the Public Grievances.
16
The Lokpal Act of 2014 established a body to appoint the CBI Director. led by the Prime Minister Other members include
the Chief Justice of India, a judge on the Supreme Court, and the leader of the largest opposition party. DoPT receives
a list of qualified applicants from Home Ministry. After that, the DoPT compiles the final list and forwards it to the
committee based on factors including seniority, integrity, and prior experience looking into anti-corruption cases. The
CVC Act of 2003 guaranteed a two-year term for the Director of the CBI. The President issued two ordinances in
November 2021 that gave the Centre permission to increase the terms of the CBI and Enforcement Directorate directors
from two to five years.
A "comprehensive central legislation to remove the deficiency of not having a central investigative agency with a self-
sufficient statutory charter of duties and functions" was advocated by the L P Singh committee in 1978.
Current Director of CBI:

According to a government decision issued on May 14, Praveen Sood, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the
1986 batch from Karnataka, has been named the director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The process
m
comprised a high-powered selecting committee headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. After Jaiswal, Sood is the
most senior IPS officer in the nation.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
. c o
31. Operation Chakra-II has been initiated by the
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) of India.
Operation Chakra-II deals with:
(a) Organised cyber-enabled financial crimes in
33.
s
On the recommendation of which committee
r
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was
e
established?
(a) Santhanam Committee
India.
(b) Circulation of child sexual abuse material in
India.
a n k (b) Menon Committee

(c) Sarkaria Committee
(d) Bimal Jalan Committee
r
(c) Counter-terrorism operations in neighboring
countries. 34. Under which ministry’s jurisdiction Central Bureau
32.
(d) Combatting wildlife poaching in India.
o
With which companies CBI has partnered for
p of Investigation (CBI) operates?
(a) Ministry of Home Affairs
(b) Ministry of Defence
(a) Facebook and Google

(b) Microsoft and Amazon
(c) Apple and Google
(d) Microsoft and Facebook
T
successful organisation of Operation Chakra-II?
35.
tr-5G
(c) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and
(d)
Pensions
Ministry of Law and Justice
2J7B5A8J6D0A
Who is the current director of Central Bureau of

Investigation (CBI)?
(a) P.C. Sharma (b) Praveen Sood
(c) Ranjit Sinha (d) A. P. Singh

31. (a) The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has new leads, the CBI is collaborating with the US
launched Operation Chakra-II to fight against Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Singapore
transnational organised cyber-enabled financial Police Force, the BKA of Germany, the Cyber Crime
crimes in India. CBI said that during a nationwide Directorate and IFCACC of INTERPOL, the National
crackdown, it conducted searches in five separate Crime Agency (NCA) in the UK, and the UK National
cases at 76 locations across multiple states, including Crime Agency (NCA).
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, 33. (a) India's top investigating body is the Central Bureau of
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Bihar, Delhi, West Investigation (CBI). The Santhanam Committee's
Bengal and Himachal Pradesh. suggestion led to the agency's creation by the Indian
32. (b) It was started to combat financial crimes in India that government in 1963. There is no statute governing
are transnationally organised and enabled by CBI. It was granted investigative authority by the
cyberspace. For this purpose, the0TCBI has collaborated
8T6M Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946.
tr-5U2M7L5Q
with national and international agencies, Microsoft, 34. (c) There is no statute governing CBI. It was granted
and Amazon, in order to attack and demolish the investigative authority by the Delhi Special Police
infrastructure of illicit contact centres. To report any Establishment Act of 1946. The Ministry of Personnel,
17
Public Grievances and Pensions (which functioned 35. (b) The CBI is headed by a Director, an IPS officer with a
under PMO) is in charge of it. However, the Central rank of Director General of Police. The current
Vigilance Commission is under the supervision of the director of CBI is Praveen Sood, who was the former
CBI when it comes to investigating offences under the DG and IGP of Karnataka state police.
Prevention of Corruption Act.
PROJECT 15B, 17A, 75 AND OTHERS UNDER DEFENSE

Why in news
Under Project-75I (India), the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has given its approval to the release of a Request for
Proposal (RFP) for the building of six conventional submarines. An RFP is a project announcement that is made public
by an organisation to request bids from contractors to finish the project.
What Project 75
m
With an estimated cost of Rs. 43,000 crore, this project aims to build submarines in India using the most advanced Air
Independent Propulsion technology. Approved in 2007, Project 75 (I) is a component of the Indian Navy's 30-year plan
for building indigenous submarines. It will be the first implemented under the 2017-promulgated strategic partnership
concept to support domestic defence manufacture. By collaborating with top international defence majors, domestic
.
defence makers can build high-end military platforms and lessen their reliance on imports through the use of the
c o
s
strategic partnership model. Acquisitions under the Strategic Partnership model pertain to the involvement of
r
international OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and private Indian companies in the "Make in India" military
industry.
e
In June 1999, the Cabinet Committee on Security adopted a 30-year plan for developing submarines, which envisioned
k
producing 24 conventional submarines domestically by 2030. The P75I replaced the P75, which was used to build six
n
diesel-electric attack submarines at Mazangon Dock Limited (MDL) that were based on the Scorpene class. The third
a
submarine, INS Karanj, was put into service in March 2021. Six of the 24 submarines that will be constructed in India
r
will be nuclear-powered. India currently only has one nuclear submarine, the INS Arihant. Soon, another nuclear-
powered ballistic missile submarine, the INS Arighat, will be put into service. It is thought that the nuclear submarine
What is Project 15B:
o p
INS Chakra, which is being leased from Russia, is returning to its home nation.
T
"Y 12704 (Visakhapatnam)," the first of the four Project-15B ultra-stealth guided missile destroyers, was delivered to the
Navy. One of the biggest destroyers ever built in India, the ship is built using local steel, DMR 249A.
Project 15B (P 15B) is building four guided missile destroyers attr-M/s Mazagaon
5G2J7B 5A8J6D0A Dock Shipbuilders Limited in Mumbai.
2011 saw the signing of the contract for the building of these four ships. These vessels are some of the most
technologically sophisticated guided missile destroyers in existence, with cutting-edge weapon and sensor packages,
sophisticated stealth mechanisms, and a high level of automation.
These vessels are outfitted with long-range Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAM) and supersonic cruise missiles called
BrahMos. The ship is equipped with a number of indigenous weaponry systems, including 76-mm super fast gun mount,
indigenous torpedo tube launchers, medium range Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs), and indigenous rocket launchers
designed to counter submarines.
In the current geopolitical context, the Indian Navy's duties to protect a vast stretch of coastline—7516 kilometers—as
well as around 1100 offshore islands and 2.01 million square kilometres of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) have increased.
The Indian Navy will become a formidable force in the greater Indo-Pacific seas thanks to destroyers like the P-15B class.
The guided missile destroyers are used to safeguard the naval fleet from air, surface, and undersea threats, among other
tasks, such as escorting the carrier battle group.
What is Project 17A

The Ministry of Defence's Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL) launched Taragiri, the third of Project 17A's stealth
frigates.
The Indian Navy initiated Project 17 Alpha frigates (P-17A) in 2019 with the goal of building a fleet of guided-missile
frigates that are stealthy. Two companies, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) and Mazagon Dock
Shipbuilders (MDL), 2Mare currently
8T6M0T building them. These guided-missile frigates are built with a special stealth design
tr-5U 7L5Q
that can make its approach unknown to the enemy. It features low observable and radar-absorbent coatings.
Additionally, the new technology lessens the ship's infrared radiation. In 2019, the Nilgiri was launched as the first
18
stealth ship under Project 17A. The second ship, Udaygiri, was launched in May 2022 and is probably going to be put
into service in 2024.
Additional advantages of Project 17A include the creation of jobs and economic growth for Indian Shipyards, their
subcontractors, and the supporting sector. Approximately 75% of Project 17A's orders have gone to domestic businesses,
especially MSMEs, supporting the nation's pursuit of Atma Nirbhar Bharat. The country's rise to prominence in the
shipbuilding industry can be attributed to its indigenous manufacturing of sophisticated frontline vessels like the
Stealth Frigates.
What is Defence Acquisition Council (DAC):

The Defence Ministry's highest decision-making body, the Defence Advisory Council (DAC), makes decisions about
new policies and capital purchases for the Indian Coast Guard, the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Council's chairman
is the minister of defence. It was established in 2001 during the Kargil War (1999) in response to the Group of Ministers'
recommendations on "Reforming the National Security System."
m
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
36. Approved in 2007, Project 75 (I) is a component of

the Indian Navy's (x) plan for building indigenous
submarines?
39.
.
Project 17A?
c o
Which ship company has been vested with the task
to construct stealth frigate under stealth frigate of
37.
(a) 15 years
(c) 30 years
(b) 20 years
(d) 40 years
The Indian Navy initiated Project 17 Alpha frigates
e s
(a) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders and Cochin
r
Shipyard
(b) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders and Garden Reach
Shipbuilders & Engineers
(P-17A) in 2019 with the goal of building a fleet of
guided-missile frigates that are stealthy. What is the
name of first stealth ship launched under Project
a n k (c) Cochin Shipyard

Shipbuilders & Engineers
and Garden
(d) Shipping Corporation of India and Cochin

Reach
r
17A? Shipyard
(a) Nilgiri (b) Udaygiri
38.
(c) Nirbhar (d) Taragiri
o
"Y 12704 (Visakhapatnam)," the first of the four
p 40. Under Project-75I (India), the Defence Acquisition
Council (DAC) has given its approval to the release
of a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the building of
with:
(a) BrahMos
(c) Prithvi
T
Project-15B ultra-stealth guided missile destroyers,
was delivered to the Navy. These ships are equipped
(b) Agni-V
(d) Nag
six conventional submarines. Who is the head of
Defence Acquisition Council?
(a) Prime
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
Minister of India
6D0A
(b) Ministry of Defence
(c) Ministry of Home Affairs
(d) President of India

36. (c) With an estimated cost of Rs. 43,000 crore, this Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL), are currently
project aims to build submarines in India using the building them. These guided-missile frigates are built
most advanced Air Independent Propulsion with a special stealth design that can make its
technology. Approved in 2007, Project 75 (I) is a approach unknown to the enemy. It features low
component of the Indian Navy's 30-year plan for observable and radar-absorbent coatings.
building indigenous submarines. It will be the first Additionally, the ship's infrared emissions are
implemented under the 2017-promulgated strategic diminished by the new technology. In 2019, the Nilgiri
partnership concept to support domestic defence was launched as the first stealth ship under Project
manufacture. By collaborating with top international 17A. The second ship, Udaygiri, was launched in May
defence majors, domestic defence makers can build 2022 and is probably going to be put into service in
high-end military platforms and lessen their reliance 2024.
on imports through the use of the strategic 38. (a) These vessels are outfitted with long-range Surface-
partnership model. to-Air Missiles (SAM) and supersonic cruise missiles
37. (a) The Indian Navy initiated Project 17 Alpha frigates (P- called BrahMos. The ship is equipped with a number
tr-5U 7L5Q8T6M0T
2Mgoal
17A) in 2019 with the of building a fleet of guided- of indigenous weaponry systems, including 76-mm
missile frigates that are stealthy. Two companies, super fast gun mount, indigenous torpedo tube
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) and launchers, medium range Surface-to-Air Missiles
19
(SAMs), and indigenous rocket launchers designed to was launched as the first stealth ship under Project
counter submarines. 17A. The second ship, Udaygiri, was launched in May
39. (b) The Indian Navy initiated Project 17 Alpha frigates (P- 2022 and is probably going to be put into service in
17A) in 2019 with the goal of building a fleet of guided- 2024.
missile frigates that are stealthy. Two companies, 40. (b) The Defence Ministry's highest decision-making
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) and body, the Defence Advisory Council (DAC), makes
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL), are currently decisions about new policies and capital purchases for
building them. These guided-missile frigates are built the Indian Coast Guard, the Army, Navy, and Air
with a special stealth design that can make its Force. The Council's chairman is the minister of
approach unknown to the enemy. It features low defence. It was established in 2001 during the Kargil
observable and radar-absorbent coatings. War (1999) in response to the Group of Ministers'
Additionally, the ship's infrared emissions are recommendations on "Reforming the National
diminished by the new technology. In 2019, the Nilgiri Security System."
RRTS CORRIDOR, NAMO BHARAT TRAIN
m
Why in news
In Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, the PM introduces the first Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) in India. On October
20, 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially opened the first phase of the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
project in India, which will operate between Sahibabad and Duhai. The "Namo Bharat Train" will be the name of the
.
RRTS trains, ushering in a new era of regional connection. By 2025, the entire RRTS network should be finished.
c o
What is RRTS?
e r s
The National Capital Region's (NCR) new, dedicated, high-speed, high-capacity, and pleasant commuter service, known
k
as the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), links regional nodes. It differs from traditional railroads as well as the
metro in a number of ways: Compared to the metro, RRTS is intended for longer trips with fewer stops and faster
dependable and frequent.
r a n
speeds. Compared to traditional railways, RRTS offers point-to-point travel on a designated path and is more
p
Background of RRTS
A Task Force headed by the Secretary of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) was established by the Planning
T o
Commission in 2005 with the goal of creating a multimodal transit system for the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR).
This was incorporated into the NCR 2032 Integrated Transport Plan, with a focus on the Regional Rapid Transit System
(RRTS) that links regional hubs. Three of the eight corridors that the Task Force identified were given priority for
implementation: Delhi-Meerut, Delhi-Panipat, and Delhi-Alwar. M/s. Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System and
M/s. Urban Mass Transit Company Limited were hired by the National
tr-5G
6D0A
2J7B5A8JCapital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) in
March 2010 to carry out feasibility studies and create Detailed Project Reports for the Delhi-Meerut and Delhi-Panipat
lines, respectively.
Namo Bharat Train under RRTS

A significant investment in India's transport future is the Namo Bharat Train. It is anticipated to increase employment
opportunities, lessen traffic jams, and enhance connectivity in the area. The Namo Bharat Train has the following
important characteristics:
• intended to reach up to 160 km/h
• runs on a specific track
• high intervals of five to ten minutes
• outfitted with contemporary comforts and conveniences
What is Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS corridor

Sahibabad and "Duhai Depot," as well as Ghaziabad, Guldhar, and Duhai stations, would be connected by the 17 km
priority part of the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS line. On March 8, 2019, the Prime Minister set the groundwork for
the Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut corridor.
The Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) project is being constructed in accordance with the Prime Minister's
objective of altering regional connections in the nation through the building of new, world-class transportation
infrastructure. tr-5U2M7L5Q8T6M0T
20
The new rail-based, high frequency, semi-high speed computer transit system is called RRTS. 180 miles. The RRTS is a
revolutionary regional development project that can deliver high-speed trains at up to one hour's speed every fifteen
minutes for intercity journeys. If necessary, this frequency can be increased to every five minutes.
In the National Capital Region (NCR), eight RRTS corridors have been identified for development. Of these, three
corridors—the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor, the Delhi-Gurugram-SNB-Alwar corridor, and the Delhi-Panipat
corridor—have been given priority for implementation in Phase I.
What is PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan:

Launched in 2021, the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan aims to provide multimodal connectivity infrastructure to
different economic zones. This master plan is a revolutionary way to support infrastructure development, economic
growth, and timely project completion.
The Ministry of Education (MoE) has identified the National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE) in Mumbai as
the main hub for supply chain management and logistics capacity building in support of the PM Gati Shakti National
Master Plan.
Ministry of Railways:
The Indian government's Ministry of Railways is in charge of the nation's rail transportation system. Under the direction
of the Chairman and CEO of the Railway Board, the ministry functions as the statutory body of the Indian Railways, a
c o m
Board and the Ministry of Railways.
r .
company that holds a monopoly in the rail transportation industry. Rail Bhawan in New Delhi is home to the Railway
s
As the 39th Minister of Railways, the 55th Minister of Communications, and the 2nd Minister of Electronics and
e
Information Technology in the Government of India since 2021, Ashwini Vaishnaw is an Indian politician and former
IAS officer. She has also represented Odisha in the Rajya Sabha since 2019.
n k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a
r
41. In which state Prime Minister has launched India's 44. The RRTS network will include extensive multi-
First Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)? modal integration with bus services, metro stations,
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(b) Uttar Pradesh
o
(d) Maharashtra
p train stations, etc. in accordance with the PM
Gatishakti National Master Plan. In which year PM
Gatishakti National Master Plan was launched?
42.
(b) Shahibabad and Alwar

(c) Alwar and Duhai
(d) Ballabgarh and Palwal
T
The RRTS Train which would be known as Namo
Bharat Train will be running between?
(a) Shahibabad and Duhai
45.
(a) 2019
(c) 2021
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
(b) 2020
(d) 2022
The Indian Railways is already running semi-high-

speed trains — 'Vande Bharat' — in different parts of
the country. Who is the current Railway Minister of
India?
43. What is the top speed that could be achieved by (a) Ashwini Vaishnaw
Namo Bharat Train? (b) Piyush Goyal
(a) 140 Kmph (b) 150 Kmph (c) Dharmendra Pradhan
(c) 160 Kmph (d) 170 Kmph (d) Nitin Gadkari

41. (b) At the Sahibabad RapidX station in Ghaziabad, Uttar providing point-to-point travel along a dedicated
Pradesh, Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially path and being designed for longer trips with fewer
opened the priority part of the Delhi-Ghaziabad- stops and faster speeds than the metro.
Meerut RRTS corridor and debuted India's first 43. (c) A significant investment in India's transport future is
Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS). Flagging off the Namo Bharat Train. It is anticipated to increase
the depot was also the 'Namo Bharat' RapidX train. employment opportunities, lessen traffic jams, and
42. (a) The National Capital Region (NCR)'s Regional Rapid enhance connectivity in the area. The Namo Bharat
0T
5U2M7L5Q
Transit Systemtr-(RRTS) a 6M
is 8T brand-new, high-speed, Train has the following important characteristics:
high-capacity, comfortable commuter service that intended to reach up to 160 km/h runs on a specific
links regional nodes. RRTS differs from conventional track high intervals of five to ten minutes outfitted
railways and the metro in a number of ways, including with contemporary comforts and conveniences.
21
44. (c) Launched in 2021, the PM Gati Shakti National Master 45. (a) Ashwini Vaishnaw is an Indian politician and former
Plan aims to provide multimodal connectivity IAS officer who is currently serving as the 39th
infrastructure to different economic zones. This Minister of Railways, 55th Communications Minister
master plan is a revolutionary way to support and 2nd Electronics & Information Technology
infrastructure development, economic growth, and Minister in Government of India since 2021 and a
timely project completion. member of the Rajya Sabha representing Odisha since
2019.
GYAN SAHAYAK SCHEME

Why in news
In July, the Gujarat state government unveiled the Gyan Sahayak Scheme, which uses contractual appointments to fill
teaching positions in public schools. Nonetheless, the plan has encountered strong criticism from a number of
sources, such as political parties, teacher unions, and student organisations. Union education minister Dharmendra
Pradhan has also appreciated the scheme.
National Education Policy as a Foundation

The Government Resolution (GR) issued on July 10 cites the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 as the basis for
implementing the Gyan Sahayak Scheme. NEP 2020 emphasizes the development of communication, critical thinking,
c o m
.
creative thinking, and problem-solving skills in students. The scheme aims to equip teachers with interdisciplinary and
s
multidisciplinary skills, beyond their academic subject knowledge. Teachers are expected to possess skills that enable
r
them to teach various subjects, including computer science, vocational education, arts, music, painting, and sports.
Exclusive to Government and Grant-in-Aid Schools
k e
The Gyan Sahayak Scheme is applicable to government and grant-in-aid schools, with a particular focus on Mission
n
Schools of Excellence. The government announced plans to hire 15,000 Gyan Sahayaks for primary schools and 11,500
a
for secondary and higher secondary schools. Monthly salaries for Gyan Sahayaks vary by school level: Rs 21,000 for
r
primary school, Rs 24,000 for secondary school, and Rs 26,000 for higher secondary school. Online applications have
been made available for candidates to select their preferred schools, and the state Education Department will announce
Teacher Vacancies in Gujarat
o p
a school-wise list of Gyan Sahayaks based on merit and preference.
T
An approximate of 20,000 of the 32,000 teacher vacancies in Gujarat are in basic schools, and the remaining 12,000 are
in secondary schools. Currently, some secondary schools use Pravasi teachers—a programme launched in 2015 with a
similar goal—to fill the gap. The Pravasi Shikshaks, who were employed
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
for0Atemporary teaching positions, are to be
6D
replaced by the Gyan Sahayaks. Prior to the state assembly elections in January 2021 and last year, these schools made
their last regular teacher appointments.
Eligibility and Selection Criteria

Candidates must have passed the Teachers Eligibility Test (TET)-2 administered by the Gujarat Examination Board in
order to be appointed Gyan Sahayaks in primary schools. The Teacher Aptitude Test (TAT) should have been passed by
candidates for secondary and upper secondary Gyan Sahayak positions. Applicants who passed TET-2 more than five
years prior to the launch of the Gyan Sahayak Scheme are not eligible. Teachers in elementary and secondary schools
cannot be older than 40, and teachers in upper secondary schools cannot be older than 42. Based on the results of the
TET-2, the Gujarat Examination Board will create a merit list. School-by-school, these lists will be forwarded to School
Management Committees (SMCs) by district education officers.
Comparison with Pravasi Shikshak Scheme

According to the GR published in July 2023, all resolutions pertaining to the Pravasi Shikshak Scheme will be cancelled
upon the implementation of the Gyan Sahayak Scheme. Although the two plans have many similarities, the Gyan
Sahayak Scheme adheres to a more thorough recruiting procedure with certain eligibility requirements and
modifications to compensation. Addressing Teacher Shortages in Gujarat.
National Education Policy:8T6M0T

7L5Q
With the intention of2M
tr-5U implementing many changes in the Indian education system, from the school to the college level,
the Union Cabinet has approved the new National Education Policy (NEP), 2020. Making "India a global knowledge
superpower" is the goal of NEP 2020. The Ministry of Human Resource Development has been renamed the Ministry of
22
Education with approval from the Cabinet. Since independence, India's educational system has undergone just three
significant redesigns, the most recent being the NEP approved by the Cabinet. The two previous education laws were
introduced in 1986 and 1968. By 2030, all students should get a 100% Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) education from
preschool through secondary school. to reintegrate 2 crore out-of-school youth into society via an open educational
system. A new 5+3+3+4 curriculum structure, which corresponds to ages 3–8, 8–11, 11–14, and 14–18 years, will replace the
current 10–2 system.
Ensuring fair and accessible education is mandated under the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), namely Article
39 (f) and Part IV of the Indian Constitution. Education was transferred from the State to the Concurrent List by the
42nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976. State governments are expected to adhere to the broad guidelines set
forth by the federal government's education programmes. However, it is not required; Tamil Nadu, for example, does
not adhere to the three-language formula outlined in the 1968 first education policy. Education became a legally
enforceable right under Article 21-A of the 86th Amendment in 2002.
Enforcing education as a Fundamental Right, the Right To Education (RTE) Act, 2009 seeks to give elementary
education to all children between the ages of six and fourteen. Additionally, it requires a 25% reservation for
m
underprivileged groups in society.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
46. Which state government has launched Gyan

Sahayak Scheme?
48.
c o
Who is the current Education Minister of India?
.
(a) Mansukh L. Mandaviya
47.
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(b) Bihar
(d) Himachal Pradesh
What is the aim and objective behind Gyan Sahayak s

(b) Dharmendra Pradhan
r
(c) Hardeep Singh Puri
e
(d) Smriti Irani
Scheme?
(a) addressing teacher vacancies in government
schools through contractual appointments
a n k 49. Currently, some secondary schools use Pravasi

teachers—a programme launched in (x) with a
similar goal-to fill the gap. Replace (x) with
r
(b) promoting digital literacy among rural appropriate option:
communities in India (a) 2010 (b) 2013
(c) expanding access to educational resources in
o
rural areas by establishing mobile libraries
(d) promoting literacy among marginalized
p 50.
(c) 2015 (d) 2018
Right to Education was an enforceable right under

communities
learning centers
through
T community-based

tr-5G
Article 21-A through which amendment?
(a) 72nd Amendment
(c) nd
82 Amendment
2J7B5A8J6D0A
(b) 80th Amendment
(d) 86th Amendment
46. (c) In July, the Gujarat state government unveiled the 49. (c) An approximate of 20,000 of the 32,000 teacher
Gyan Sahayak Scheme, which uses contractual vacancies in Gujarat are in basic schools, and the
appointments to fill teaching positions in public remaining 12,000 are in secondary schools. Currently,
schools. Nonetheless, the plan has encountered some secondary schools use Pravasi teachers—a
strong criticism from a number of sources, such as programme launched in 2015 with a similar goal—to
political parties, teacher unions, and student fill the gap. The Pravasi Shikshaks, who were
organisations. employed for temporary teaching positions, are to be
47. (a) Until regular appointments are finalised, the plan replaced by the Gyan Sahayaks. Prior to the state
aims to fill teacher shortages in government schools assembly elections in January 2021 and last year, these
through contractual contracts. schools made their last regular teacher appointments.
Since the 2014 regime shift, many Indian states have 50. (d) Education was transferred from the State to the
chosen to fill government employment vacancies on Concurrent List by the 42nd Amendment to the
a contractual basis. Constitution in 1976. State governments are expected
48. (b) Dharmendra Pradhan is an Indian politician serving to adhere to the broad guidelines set forth by the
as the Minister of Education and Minister of Skill federal government's education programmes.
Development and Entrepreneurship in the However, it is not required; Tamil Nadu, for example,
Government of India. An alumnus of Talcher College does not adhere to the three-language formula
and Utkal University, he5Q
has 6M0Tbeen the Minister of
8Talso outlined in the 1968 first education policy. Education
tr-5U2M7L
Petroleum & Natural Gas and Minister of Steel. became a legally enforceable right under Article 21-A
of the 86th Amendment in 2002.
23
2028 LOS ANGELES OLYMPICS

Why in news?
Each host city, under IOC rules, can request the inclusion of several sports for their edition of the games. The five sports
had already been given the nod from the powerful IOC Executive Board last week, with the session on Monday
approving its recommendation. All five sports were voted in as a single package with two “no” votes from about 90 IOC
members in the room. Cricket, which enjoys a massive following in India and has a fast-growing global audience, returns
to the games after more than a century, having appeared once at the 1900 Olympics. The LA Games proposal is for a
six-team Twenty20 cricket tournament for men and women. The IOC hopes cricket’s inclusion will activate and engage
a large, new Olympic audience, especially among Asian fans of the sport.
The annual Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket tournament, with an estimated brand value of $8.4bn, is one of the
m
richest sport leagues in the world and continues to attract the world’s top players and coaches. The tournament is played
in the same T20 format that the game will feature. India, currently hosting the 50-over Cricket World Cup, will bid to
host the 2036 Olympics. “To have the opportunity to showcase our great sport at the LA 28 Games and hopefully many
Olympic Games to come will be great for players and fans alike,” he said. In the same statement, Mithali Raj, former
.
India women’s cricket captain and leading female run scorer of all time, said the news was exciting for the sport. “Players
c o
“It’s also a chance for more fans around the world to enjoy our fantastic sport.”
e r s
will get the chance to compete for an Olympic gold medal and be part of the games which will be so special,” she said.
k
Five sports, including cricket and squash, were included in the 2028 [X] Games on Monday after gaining the approval
of the International Olympic Committee. Cricket makes its return to the Olympics after more than 100 years after the
n
sport was approved for inclusion at the 2028 [X] by the International Olympic Committee’s executive board. IOC
a
president Thomas Bach, speaking after the second day of an executive board meeting in Mumbai on October 13, said
r
officials had accepted a proposal by LA organisers for Twenty20 cricket to be included as one of five new sports together
with baseball/softball, flag football (non-contact American football), squash and lacrosse. But the final choice of which
o p
sports are on the 2028 programme was voted today at the IOC session in Mumbai. Each host city, under IOC rules, can
request the inclusion of several sports for their edition of the Games.
Summer Olympics?
T
[X] had originally bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. However, after multiple withdrawals that left only Los Angeles
and Paris in contention, the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
tr-5G approved
2J7B5A 8J6D0A a process to concurrently award the
2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics to the two remaining candidates, with Los Angeles preferred as the 2028 host. [X] was
formally awarded the Games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on September 13, 2017. They will mark the fifth
Summer Olympics, and ninth Olympics overall, to be hosted by the United States. Having previously hosted the
Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984, Los Angeles will become the third three-time host city after London and Paris, and
the first city in Americas ever to do so.
The IOC has provisionally removed boxing, modern pentathlon, and weightlifting from the program of 28 "core"
Olympic events, and has proposed the promotion of skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing—which were included
in the programs of the 2020 and 2024 Games as optional sports—as their replacement. The organizing committee has
also proposed the addition of baseball/softball, cricket, flag football, lacrosse, and squash as optional sports, with flag
football and squash making their Olympic debut. Cricket was last seen in Paris 1900, while lacrosse returns for the first
time since London 1908. All five sports received approval to be included at an IOC meeting on October 16, 2023, in
Mumbai, India.
Return of Cricket in Olympics
• Cricket is all set to be included in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics, needing only an official stamp of approval at the
141st International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session scheduled in Mumbai on October 15-16.
• India's Virat Kohli (R) and KL Rahul (L) run between the wickets during the 2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup
one-day international (ODI) match between India and Australia(AFP)
• The Los Angeles organising
tr-5U2M
0T
7L5Q8T6Mcommittee, in its proposal to IOC, has recommended cricket in its T20 version as well
as four other sports for the 2028 Games, it announced on Monday. The International Cricket Council (ICC)
confirmed the same.
24
• The LA organising committee's nod for cricket was crucial and is a culmination of a two-year process with cricket’s
world body. It will now be “reviewed and put forward by the IOC Executive Board for ratification” at the IOC Session
in Mumbai.
• It brings to an end months of uncertainty over cricket’s return to the Olympics — cricket was played just once at
the Olympics, in 1900 Paris, where two teams competed — and enables IOC to tap into the vast market that the
game enjoys particularly in India and in Asia overall. The IOC hosting its session in the country for the first time
since 1983 (New Delhi) also points towards the Olympic body’s increasing focus on India.
• IOC president Thomas Bach, who is in Mumbai, played a bit of cricket with kids at an event in Navi Mumbai on
Monday, a day after watching an Indian Super League (ISL) game. The German, a former Olympic gold medallist in
foil fencing, has in the past spoken positively about cricket's probable Olympic inclusion. At the European Olympic
Committees meet a few days ago, he reiterated his vision for the Olympics to be “younger, more inclusive, more
urban and more sustainable”.
• With the 2032 Olympics in Brisbane, Australia, cricket could see a more sustainable stint at the Games. Breaking
(breakdancing), for instance, was added to the 2024 Paris Games but hasn't been proposed by the LA organising
m
committee.
• USA, another huge sporting market that both ICC and IOC are eager to tap into, is also increasingly lapping up
cricket. The ICC T20 World Cup next year will be co-hosted by the West Indies and USA. Casey Wasserman,
chairperson of the LA organising committee, termed the new proposed sports as “relevant, innovative and
.
community-based, played in backyards, schoolyards, community centers, stadiums and parks across the U.S. and
c o
the globe”.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
e r s
k
51. Who serves as the Chairman of the International (a) Tennis (b) Squash
Cricket Council (ICC), as mentioned in the (c) Badminton (d) Archery
statement regarding cricket's inclusion in 2028?
(a) Martin Berger
(c) David Barnett
(b) Greg Barclay
(d) Paul Barton
r a n 54. What is the event that marks the beginning of each

Olympic Games and symbolizes the official start of
p
the competition?
52. What will come in the places of X? (a) Lighting of the Olympic Torch
53.
(b) San Diego, California, USA
(c) Los Angeles, USA
T o
(a) Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
(d) Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Which sport, along with cricket, has been approved

(b) Parade of Nations
(c) Oath of Athletes
(d) Awarding of the First Medal
55.tr-5GWhere 6D0Athe 2024 Olympic Games be held?

2J7B5A8Jwill
(a) London, United Kingdom
for inclusion in the 2028 Los Angeles Games, (b) Tokyo, Japan
signifying a significant milestone for the sport's (c) Paris, France
presence in the Olympics? (d) Los Angeles, United States

51. (b) Greg Barclay serves as the Chairman of the sun's rays in Olympia, Greece, and then travels
International Cricket Council (ICC). through a relay to the host city of the Olympic Games.
52. (c) Cricket will make its return to the Olympics in Los This symbolic act represents the passing of the
Angeles in 2028, following approval by the Olympic flame from ancient Greece to the modern
International Olympic Committee's executive board. world and signifies the beginning of the competition.
53. (b) Squash has been approved for inclusion in the 2028 55. (c) Paris, France. The Paris 2024 Olympic Games are
Los Angeles Games, marking a significant milestone scheduled to be held in Paris, France, from July 26 to
for the sport's presence in the Olympics. August 11, 2024. The Games will feature a wide range
54. (a) Lighting of the Olympic Torch. Each Olympic Games of sports and competitions, and they will officially
starts with the lighting of the Olympic Torch during begin with preliminaries in football and rugby 7s on
the Opening Ceremony. The torch is lit using the July 24, 2024.
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25
HAITI VIOLENCE AND UN PEACE KEEPING FORCES
Why in News?
The United Nations has called for the deployment of an international “specialized support force” to impede Haiti’s
accelerating tumble into extreme violence after more than 530 people were killed in the opening weeks of this year.
“Clashes between gangs are becoming more violent and more frequent,” the spokesperson for the UN human rights
office, Marta Hurtado, warned on Tuesday, voicing “grave concern” that the security situation was spiraling out of
control. The UN agency said that already this year its staff had counted 531 killings, 300 injuries and 277 kidnappings in
gang-related incidents, mostly in Haiti’s gang-throttled capital, Port-au-Prince. At least 208 of those killings and 101 of
the kidnappings took place in the first half of this month. “Most of the victims were killed or injured by snipers who
were reportedly randomly shooting at people in their homes or on the streets,” Hurtado said.
Haiti’s collapse will reportedly be on the agenda when the US president, Joe Biden, visits Canada this week, with
Washington reportedly seeking to persuade Ottawa to spearhead a security intervention aimed at stabilizing the
violence-stricken Caribbean nation. Another country the US has reportedly sought to enlist for such a role is Brazil,
which helped lead the 2004-2017 UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti, Minustah. However, speaking to the Guardian at
c o m
.
the start of this year, Brazil’s new foreign minister, Mauro Vieira, appeared to rule out the South American country’s
s
participation in a military response to what he admitted was a “massive, worsening crisis” in Haiti. Violence by armed
r
gangs is raging in the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince and several other parts of the country amid a political vacuum,
with armed groups having taken control of most of the capital and the biggest fuel terminal, blockading basic services
against the current government.
k e
such as food, water, and health care. The situation has been worsened by a cholera outbreak and widespread protests
How can new mission help the situation?
a n
• The 15-member council adopted a resolution, drafted by the United States and Ecuador, that authorizes the so-
r
called Multinational Security Support mission "to take all necessary measures" - code for use of force. China and
Charter. The remaining 13 members voted in favor.
o p
Russia abstained from the vote, wary of authorizing the blanket use of force under Chapter 7 of the founding U.N.
• The Security Council also expanded a U.N. arms embargo to include all gangs - a measure China wanted. Haitian
T
officials have said guns used by gangs are believed to be mostly imported from the United States. The embargo
previously only applied to specific individuals. "This is a very important decision. If the council had taken this step
at an earlier time, the security situation in Haiti might not have deteriorated to what it is today," China's U.N.
6D0A
Ambassador Zhang Jun told the council after the vote. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
• The response to Haiti's request for help was delayed due to a struggle to find a country willing to lead a security
assistance mission. Kenya stepped forward in July with a pledge of 1,000 police. The Bahamas then committed 150
people, while Jamaica and Antigua and Barbuda are also willing to help.
• Countries have been cautious of supporting the unelected administration of Prime Minister Ariel Henry, who has
said fair elections cannot be held with current insecurity. Haiti has been without any elected representatives since
January. While not sending any troops, the U.S. government hopes to provide $100 million to back the multinational
mission with logistical and financial assistance, that could include intelligence, airlift, communications and medical
support.
• U.N. peacekeepers were deployed to Haiti in 2004 after a rebellion led to the ouster and exile of then-President
Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Peacekeeping troops left in 2017 and were replaced by U.N. police, who left in 2019. Haitians
are wary of an armed U.N. presence. The Caribbean country was free of cholera until 2010, when U.N. peacekeepers
dumped infected sewage into a river. More than 9,000 people died of the disease, and some 800,000 fell ill. The
council resolution adopted on Monday asks the countries taking part in the security mission "to adopt appropriate
wastewater management and other environmental controls to guard against the introduction and spread of water-
borne diseases."
Why is an international security mission necessary?

• Haiti is wracked by violence that has escalated to unprecedented levels. Between 1 January and 9 September this
8T6M0T
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year, 3,000 homicides were reported; there were also over 1,500 victims of kidnapping for ransom. The UN says that
some 200,000 people (half of whom are children) have been forced to flee their homes because it’s just too
dangerous to remain.
26
• Sexual violence and abuse against women and girls is on the rise, and tens of thousands of children are unable to
attend school due to insecurity. Haiti’s military is small and only modestly equipped. The Haitian National Police
(HNP) is unable to fully contain the outbreak of violence and needs international support so that Haitians can
return to a situation where they can go about their daily lives without the fear of being murdered, displaced,
kidnapped, or raped.
What happens next and what is the UN’s involvement?

• The UN Security Council is due to meet to develop the framework for and authorize this non-UN mission. The 15-
members of the Council will consider approving what is known as a Chapter VII provision of the UN Charter that
authorizes the use of force after all other measures to maintain international peace and security are exhausted.
• Meanwhile, the UN continues to support Haiti on multiple fronts. A political mission, known by its French acronym,
BINUH, continues to support government efforts to strengthen political stability and good governance, including
the rule of law.
• UN agencies are also providing immediate humanitarian aid to Haitians affected by violence, insecurity and natural
m
disasters such as the August 2021 earthquake. And they are supporting national authorities and public institutions
in restoring long-term sustainable development gains. This includes strengthening an inclusive economy and the
administration of justice, ensuring the delivery of and access to basic social services and improving the management
of multidimensional risks.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
. c o
56. Haiti, a country in the Caribbean, was once the
richest of the French colonies but is now known as
r s
(b) Thomas Jefferson
e
(c) Franklin D. Roosevelt
k
the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. (d) John F. Kennedy
When did Haiti become the first postcolonial black
republic?
(a) 1600
(c) 1804
(b) 1704
(d) 1904
r a n 59. In 2004, the United Nations initiated a peacekeeping

mission in Haiti known as __________, which ended
in 2017.
(a) UNHCR (b) UNICEF
57. What is the capital city of Haiti?
(a) Kingston
(c) Port-au-Prince
o
(b) Havana
(d) Santo Domingo p 60.
(c) UNOCHA (d) MINUSTAH
Which United Nations agency is responsible for
58.
T
Haiti was under United States occupation from 1915
to 1934. Who was the U.S. President who withdrew
troops from the country in 1934?
(a) Abraham Lincoln
coordinating and deploying peacekeeping forces to
conflict zones around the world?
tr-5G(a) UNICEF
2J7B5A 8J6D0A
(c) UNOCHA
(b) UNHCR
(d) UN DPKO

56. (c) Haiti became the first postcolonial black republic in Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). This
1804. After a long history of colonial rule and struggles mission aimed to stabilize the country and promote
for independence, Haiti declared its independence peace. It lasted until 2017 when it was succeeded by
from French colonial rule on January 1, 1804, and the United Nations Mission for Justice Support in
became the first nation in the world to be led by Haiti (MINUJUSTH).
former slaves. 60. (d) The correct answer is (d) UN DPKO, which stands for
57. (c) Port-au-Prince is the capital city of Haiti. the United Nations Department of Peace Operations.
58. (c) Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. President, withdrew The UN DPKO is responsible for coordinating and
troops from Haiti in 1934, ending the period of U.S. deploying peacekeeping forces to conflict zones
military occupation. around the world.
59. (d) In 2004, the United Nations started its peacekeeping
mission in Haiti, known as the United Nations
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27
GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX AND HUNGER ISSUE IN INDIA
Why in news?
India has been ranked at [X] out of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023, further lowering its position
to 107 (out of 121 countries) in 2022. However, the government has rejected the ranking, saying it is a flawed measure of
“hunger” that does not reflect India’s true position. The GHI 2023, released on Thursday, has also put India’s child
wasting rate at 18.7 per cent highest in the world during 2018–22 and said it reflected acute undernutrition. The rate of
undernourishment in India stood at 16.6 per cent and under-five mortality at 3.1 per cent. The report also said that the
prevalence of anaemia in women aged between 15 and 24 years stood at 58.1 per cent. The overall score for India has
been put at 28.7 in the ranking, which is categorised as serious, according to the report.
What is GHI?
• The Global Hunger Index is a tool for comprehensively measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional, and
national levels. The scores are based on the values of four component indicators: undernourishment based on
caloric intake, child (under age five) stunting based on height, child (under age five) wasting based on weight, and
child mortality (before age five).
c o m
.
• The country's Ministry of Women and Child Development has said that the rankings are "flawed" and did not depict
s
India's true position. The GHI ranked Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka at 102nd, 81st, 69th, and 60th,
r
respectively.
• In 2022, India ranked 107th out of 121. “The GHI continues to be a flawed measure of hunger and does not reflect
k e
India’s true position. The index is an erroneous measure of hunger and suffers from serious methodological issues.
Three out of the four indicators used for the calculation of the index are related to the health of children and cannot
n
be representative of the entire population.
• The fourth and most important indicator Proportion of Undernourished population (PoU) is based on an opinion
India and GHI
p r a
poll conducted on a very small sample size of 3,000," the ministry said in a statement.
• GHI Ranking: India's ranking on the Global Hunger Index (GHI) varies from year to year. As of the latest available
T o
data, India was ranked 101st out of 116 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2021. The GHI score is based on several
factors, including undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting, and child mortality.
• GHI Severity: India's GHI score categorizes the severity of hunger in the country. A GHI score of 28.7 (as of the
latest data) is categorized as "serious" hunger. This means that a significant
related to malnutrition and food security. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A portion of the population faces issues
• Factors Contributing to Hunger: India's high GHI score reflects challenges related to food availability, access,
utilization, and stability. Factors contributing to hunger in India include income inequality, limited access to
nutritious food, inadequate healthcare, and sanitation issues.
• Government Initiatives: The Indian government has implemented various programs and initiatives to address
hunger and malnutrition, including the National Food Security Act, Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Integrated Child
Development Services (ICDS), and more. These programs aim to improve food security and nutrition outcomes.
• Regional Disparities: Hunger levels in India can vary significantly across states and regions. Some states have made
substantial progress in reducing hunger and malnutrition, while others continue to face significant challenges. Civil
Society and Non-Governmental Organizations: Various civil society organizations and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) work to address hunger and malnutrition issues in India. They play a crucial role in providing
support and implementing grassroots initiatives.
• Global Cooperation: Hunger and malnutrition are global challenges, and India collaborates with international
organizations and partners to address these issues. India is also part of initiatives like the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), which include targets related to eliminating hunger and achieving food security.
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28
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
61. In the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023, India is (c) Critical (d) Low
ranked __________ among a total of 125 countries.
(a) 50 (b) 75 64. The GHI score is based on a formula that combines
(c) 100 (d) 111 how many indicators to capture the multi-
dimensional nature of hunger?
62. What does a GHI score of 0 on a 100-point scale (a) Two (b) Three
indicate? (c) Four (d) Five
(a) High hunger (b) No hunger
(c) Moderate hunger (d) Severe hunger 65. What is India's Global Hunger Index (GHI) score for
2023 on a 100-point scale?
63. In the GHI, India's severity of hunger is categorized (a) 45.6 (b) 28.7
m
as __________. (c) 12.3 (d) 68.9
(a) Moderate (b) Severe
. c o
61. (d) In the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2023, India is
ranked 111 out of a total of 125 countries. This ranking
indicates that India faces significant challenges in
addressing hunger and malnutrition. The Global 64.
e s
measure of hunger and malnutrition, and the score
r
and categorization provide insights into the state of
food security in a country.
(c) The GHI score is based on a formula that combines
62.
Hunger Index is a tool that measures and tracks
hunger globally, and a lower ranking indicates a
higher level of hunger and food insecurity.
(b) A GHI score of 0 on a 100-point scale indicates the
a n k four indicators to capture the multi-dimensional

nature of hunger. These indicators include under-
nourishment, child stunting, child wasting, and child
mortality.
63.
best score, meaning there is no hunger.
p r
(b) In the GHI, India's severity of hunger is categorized as
"severe." The Global Hunger Index is a comprehensive
65. (b) India's GHI score for 2023 is 28.7 on a 100-point scale,
indicating a serious level of hunger.
Why In news?
T o SARSWATI SAMMAN
It carries a citation, a plaque and prize money of ₹15 lakh. Surya Vamsam8J6D
tr-5G2J7B5A
two volumes together present not only the evolution of an innocent
is 0A
a book of memoirs in two volumes. These
child into an acclaimed author but also unfold
the transformation society has undergone in these seven decades, the award citation said.
The work was selected by a Chayan Parishad (Selection Committee), headed by former Supreme Court judge Arjan
Kumar Sikri. For me writing is a lifetime process… I’m so happy that my book has been so well received not only by
my readers but also by my critics. I will be very, very honest, my book is a very transparent work and I have not lied
anywhere or exaggerated any incident or character or word in it and its a transparent honest narration. Some critics
even said that what we all do in seven lives, Sivasankari has done in one life,” the author said.
Award for this year

• “I have been a writer for 56 years. Many have asked me what is good literature. Well good literature is something
that transcends the barriers of time and creates an impact on the reader and inspires them to think constructively.
It [literature] is like a mirror. We correct the flaws which it shows us,”
• On the book Surya Vamsam, she said: “The book is my autobiography. It starts at one and half years and ends at
78 years. I have been very honest. I have not lied anywhere nor have I exaggerated any character or incident”.
• The Saraswati Samman is one of the most prestigious awards given annually to an outstanding literary work of an
Indian citizen published during the last 10 years in any of the languages included in Schedule VIII of the Indian
Constitution. So far 32 awards have been presented.
Saraawati Samman Award significance and history
• Objective: The Saraswati Samman
0T is awarded to outstanding literary works in any of the 22 Indian languages
2M7L5Q8T6M
mentioned intr-5Uthe Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The objective of the award is to recognize and
promote excellence in Indian literature.
29
• Eligibility: The award is open to authors who have written in any of the recognized Indian languages. It is not
limited to any specific genre, making it a prestigious and diverse literary award.
• Cash Prize: The Saraswati Samman carries a cash prize of ₹15 lakh. The substantial prize money adds to the prestige
and appeal of the award.
• Categories: The award recognizes literary works in poetry, fiction, and drama, allowing for a wide range of
contributions to Indian literature to be honored.
• Selection Process: The selection process for the Saraswati Samman involves a distinguished jury of literary experts
and scholars. They assess the shortlisted works to determine the recipient of the award.
• Diversity: The Saraswati Samman celebrates linguistic and cultural diversity by recognizing works in various
Indian languages, reflecting the rich tapestry of Indian literature.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
66. Who was honored with the Saraswati Samman for (c) Ministry of Culture, Government of India
m
the year 2022? (d) National Book Trust
(a) R.K. Narayan (b) Ruskin Bond
67.
(c) Sivasankari (d) Arundhati Roy
In which language was the memoir "Surya Vamsam"

69.
o
What is the prize amount associated with the
c
Saraswati Samman award for the year 2022?
.
(a) ₹5 lakh (b) ₹10 lakh
written by Sivasankari?
(a) Hindi
(c) Tamil
(b) Bengali
(d) Marathi 70.
e r s
(c) ₹15 lakh (d) ₹20 lakh
Besides the Saraswati Samman, which other literary
k
awards are instituted by this Foundation?
68. Who instituted the Saraswati Samman literary (a) Vyas Samman and Sahitya Akademi Award
award?
(a) Sahitya Akademi
(b) K.K. Birla Foundation
r a n (b) Bihari Puraskar and Jnanpith Award

(c) Vyas Samman and Bihari Puraskar
(d) Booker Prize and Nobel Prize in Literature
o p
T
66. (c) Sivasankari was honored with the Saraswati Samman 69. (c) The Saraswati Samman award for the year 2022
for the year 2022. carries a cash prize of ₹15 lakh.
67. (c) The memoir "Surya Vamsam" written by Sivasankari 70. (c) Besides the Saraswati Samman, the K.K. Birla
is in the Tamil language. Foundation
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A also institutes the Vyas Samman and the
68. (b) The Saraswati Samman literary award is instituted by Bihari Puraskar as other literary awards.
the K.K. Birla Foundation.
INTENSIFIED MISSION INDRADHANUSH 5.0

Why in News?
Aimed at ensuring that routine immunisation services reach children who have missed vaccine doses or who have
dropped out of their vaccination schedule, as well as pregnant women across the country, the Intensified Mission
Indradhanush is scheduled to conclude all three rounds on October 14. As on September 30, over 34,69,705 children
and 6,55,480 pregnant women had been administered vaccine doses during the first two rounds of the campaign.
Known as IMI 5.0, the Health Ministry’s flagship immunisation campaign was brought in with a special focus on
improving the coverage of vaccination for measles and rubella, aiming to eliminate both infections by 2023. This is the
first year that the campaign was conducted across all districts in the country, and was extended to include children up
to five years of age; previous campaigns included children up to two years only. Public representatives and social media
influencers came forward in large numbers to appeal to the public to visit the nearest vaccination centres and take any
missed doses for children and pregnant women in their families and communities, the Ministry said.
“Preparedness assessment for IMI 5.0 was conducted by national monitors between 19-23 July this year and it carried
out extensive preparedness assessments across 154 high-priority districts in 27 States/UTs. The findings of the
preparedness assessment along with the recommendations were shared by all the States/UTs,” noted the Ministry. The
IMI 5.0 campaigntr-aims
5U2Mto 8T6M0T immunisation coverage for all vaccines provided under the Universal Immunization
enhance
7L5Q
Programme as per the National Immunization Schedule. It was conducted in three rounds —August 7 to 12, September
30
11 to 16, and October 9 to 14 — which involved three days each month with the inclusion of a routine immunisation
day. The U-WIN digital platform was used in pilot mode for routine immunisations.
India on Immunization
• India plans to digitize its Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) with the introduction of the U-WIN platform,
which will issue digital vaccination certificates. All 13 vaccinations administered under India's UIP will be
documented digitally on U-WIN. The platform will serve as a single point for registration, record-keeping, follow-
ups, and issuing certificates. The move follows the success of India's Co-WIN platform, which was used for
managing Covid-19 vaccinations and was offered to other countries. U-WIN has already been introduced on a pilot
basis in a few districts.
• India is planning to fully digitise its Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and move to a new platform called
U-WIN, which will issue digital vaccination certificates, the government announced on Friday, unveiling a
mechanism similar to the Covid-19 vaccine management system Co-WIN.
• Co-WIN is itself a platform that created by repurposing the digital platform used for Universal Immunization
m
Program vaccine called Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN) system. India also offered the platform to
other countries that showed interest in adopting Co-WIN. Union health minister, Mansukh Mandaviya, talked
about the plans on the sidelines of G20 health ministerial in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, on Friday. All 13 vaccinations
administered under India’s UIP will be digitally documented on U-WIN.
.
• “The whole world has appreciated the initiative that India has taken in promoting digital health. India developed
c o
s
the Co-WIN platform that was there for the world to see. Indians travelling anywhere in the world did not need
r
to carry a physical vaccination certificate. India efficiently maintained vaccination records digitally. Records were
e
accessible digitally and it really helped to have digital vaccination certificates. Similarly, in days to come, India is
k
moving to U-WIN that will have all 13 types of vaccines in children and will document data digitally and issue
digital certificates,” told Mandaviya to news agency PTI.
India’s other initiatives
r a n
• Universal Immunization Program (UIP): India's Universal Immunization Program is one of the largest
p
immunization programs globally. It was launched in 1985 to provide free vaccines against several preventable
diseases. The program has been continually expanded and strengthened to reach every child and pregnant woman
in the country.
o
• Vaccine Preventable Diseases: The UIP targets vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio, tuberculosis,
T
diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, and more.
• Introduction of New Vaccines: Over the years, India has introduced several new vaccines into its immunization
program. For example, vaccines against rotavirus, pneumonia
been included to expand protection.
2J7B5A8J6D0A
tr-5G(pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), and rubella have
• Pulse Polio Immunization: India's campaign to eradicate polio is noteworthy. The country was declared polio-free
in 2014, thanks to extensive vaccination efforts, including National and Subnational Immunization Days.
• Mission Indradhanush: Launched in 2014, Mission Indradhanush aims to reach unvaccinated or partially
vaccinated children and pregnant women. It focuses on providing full immunization coverage in high-priority
districts and urban areas.
• Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI): IMI is an extension of Mission Indradhanush. It includes four rounds of
immunization drives per year to provide vaccines to those who may have been missed. IMI has further improved
vaccination coverage.
• Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus Elimination: India achieved maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination status in
2015, indicating a significant reduction in tetanus-related deaths among mothers and newborns.
• Public-Private Partnership: India's immunization efforts involve partnerships with international organizations,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector. This collaboration enhances the reach and
effectiveness of immunization campaigns.
• Vaccine Research and Manufacturing: India is a global hub for vaccine research and manufacturing. It produces
affordable vaccines not only for its population but also for many other countries, contributing to global
immunization efforts.
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31
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
71. How many phases have been conducted as part of 74. Which of the following states or union territories
Intensified Mission Indradhanush 5.0 (IMI 5.0)? will not conclude all three rounds of the IMI 5.0
(a) One phase (b) Two phases campaign by October 14, 2023?
(c) Three phases (d) Four phases (a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Odisha (d) Punjab
72. How many phases of 'IMI 5.0' are scheduled to be
conducted in Haryana? 75. What percentage of the targeted children below the
(a) One phase (b) Two phases age of five years and pregnant women received the
(c) Three phases (d) Four phases vaccines under the IMI 5.0 campaign?
(a) 100% of children and 86% of pregnant women
73. When is Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI 5.0) (b) 86% of children and 100% of pregnant women
m
scheduled to conclude all three rounds in 2023? (c) 100% of both children and pregnant women
(a) 14th August (b) 14th September (d) 86% of both children and pregnant women
o
th
(c) 14 October (d) 14th November
71.
(c) Intensified Mission Indradhanush 5.0 (IMI 5.0) has 74.
r s . c
(a) Uttar Pradesh. Bihar, (b) Chhattisgarh, (c) Odisha,
e
completed three phases. and (d) Punjab. These states and union territories
72. (c) Three phases of 'IMI 5.0' are scheduled to be will not conclude all three rounds of the IMI 5.0
73.
conducted in all the districts of Haryana.
(c) IMI 5.0, the routine immunization campaign, is
scheduled to conclude all three rounds on 14th
October 2023.
a n k 75.
campaign by October 14, 2023.
(b) 86% of children and 100% of pregnant women
received the vaccines under the IMI 5.0 campaign.
OPERATION AJAY AND OTHER SUCH OPERATIONS OF INDIA

p r
Why in News?
T o
Israel's Consulate General to Midwest India, Kobbi Shoshon Thursday congratulated Prime Minister Narendra Modi for
launching '[X]', under which India is planning to bring back around 18,000 Indian in Israel. "I congratulate Prime
Minister Narendra Modi for launching Operation Ajay to bring Indian
tr-5G 2J7B5Acitizens
8J6D0A back from Israel. There are around 18
thousand Indian citizens in Israel, including 1 thousand Indian students whom we love very much," he said. Shoshani
further emphasized that Israel loved and respected the Indian business community in Israel as it contributed a lot to
their economy. "The Indian business community that we love and respect so much contribute to our economy in a big
way," he added.
Additionally, Israel's Consulate General stressed that the Israeli government is doing its best to assist the Indian embassy
in Tel Aviv in Operation Ajay. "Indian nurses and caregivers have become part of our families. The Israeli government
is doing the utmost to assist the Indian Embassy in Tel Aviv in [X]. We look forward to welcome all of you back in Israel
once we win the war against Hamas ISIS terrorists," he said. India on Wednesday launched 'Operation Ajay' to bring
back its citizens stuck in the ongoing war between Israel and Hamas. "Launching #[X] to facilitate the return from Israel
of our citizens who wish to return. Special charter flights and other arrangements are being put in place. Fully
committed to the safety and well-being of our nationals abroad," tweeted External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar.
Meanwhile, the Embassy of India in Israel informed that it has emailed the first lot of registered Indian citizens for the
special flight on Thursday. This is not the first time that India has launched such operations to bring back its citizens
from the war zone, pandemics and natural calamities. Earlier, Shoshani said that when leaders like Prime Minister
Narendra Modi support Israel, it gives the country a lot of power. He emphasized the importance of the conversation
between Prime Minister Modi and Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu, highlighting the strong bond, friendship, and
support Israel receives from India.
5U2M7L5Q8T
6M0T
tr-
32
Israel Gaza History of conflict
• Britain took control of the area known as Palestine following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled that
part of the Middle East, in World War One. The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority, as well
as other, smaller ethnic groups. Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave
the UK the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people.
• This stemmed from the Balfour Declaration of 1917, a pledge made by then Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to
Britain's Jewish community. The declaration was enshrined in the British mandate over Palestine and endorsed by
the newly-created League of Nations - forerunner of the United Nations - in 1922.
• To Jews Palestine was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. A
Haganah (Jewish Underground) fighter just before the start of the Israeli War of Independence 1948
• Between the 1920s and 1940s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe,
especially the Nazi Holocaust in World War Two. Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also
increased. In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem
becoming an international city.
m
• That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. The soldiers of
allied Arab Legion forces fire on fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defence force, in March 1948
Impact of War
.
• The aftermath of the military engagement could also have serious economic consequences for the region and the
c o
offered during the pandemic.
e s
world, which continues to struggle to cope with the war in Ukraine and the inflationary aftereffects of the stimulus
r
• While the impact is not expected to be as grave as during the last Arab-Israel war in 1973 and the subsequent oil
k
embargo — given that the Arab world appears to be split, the US has considerable leverage over key players in the
region.
n
• As Israel continues its relentless bombardment of Gaza and with the Palestinian death toll already past 8,000,
a
a Bloomberg report sketched three likely scenarios going forward: a limited conflict that is confined to the Gaza
r
strip; a slightly more expanded conflict with the involvement of Iran-backed militants in Lebanon and Syria; and
p
finally, a full-scale war between regional powers Israel and Iran that could suck in the US, with the possible
involvement of the Chinese and the Russians.
What is Hamas and what it wants?
T o
• Hamas is a Palestinian group which has ruled the Gaza Strip since 2007. The group is sworn to Israel's destruction
and wants to replace it with an Islamic state.
• Hamas has fought several wars with Israel since it took tr- power. It 8J
5G2J7B5A 6D0A
has
thousands of rockets into Israel, and has carried out other deadly attacks.
fired - or allowed other groups to fire -
• In response, Israel has repeatedly attacked Hamas with air strikes. In 2008 and 2014, it also sent troops into Gaza.
• Together with Egypt, Israel has blockaded the Gaza Strip since 2007 for what it describes as security reasons.
• Hamas - or in some cases its military wing, the Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades - has been designated a terrorist group
by Israel, the United States, the European Union and the UK, as well as other powers.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
76. What will come in the place of X? (b) Operation Maitri

(a) Operation Sukoon (c) Operation Sankat Mochan
(b) Operation Ajay (d) Operation Sukoon
(c) Operation Rahat
(d) Operation Vande Bharat 79. What was the objective of Operation Safe
Homecoming conducted in 2011?
77. When was the Kuwait Airlift operation conducted? (a) Evacuating Indian tourists from Egypt
(a) 2006 (b) 2015 (b) Evacuating Indians from South Sudan
(c) 1990 (d) 2011 (c) Evacuating Indians from Libya
(d) Providing medical assistance in Nepal
0T
5Q8T6M150 Indians after the
78. Which operation tr-rescued
5U2M7Labout
2016 conflict in South Sudan?
(a) Operation Ganga
33
80. Which operation brought back around 18,000 (b) Operation Ganga
Indians from neighboring countries during Russia's (c) Operation Safe Homecoming
invasion of Ukraine in 2022? (d) Vandhe Bharat Mission
(a) Operation Sankat Mochan

76. (b) India launches Operation Ajay today to bring home 79. (c) Operation Safe Homecoming was conducted in 2011
citizens from Israel-Hamas war zone. to evacuate about 16,000 Indians from the crisis in
77. (c) The Kuwait Airlift operation was conducted in 1990. Libya. Operation Safe Homecoming, conducted in
The Kuwait Airlift operation was conducted in 1990. 2011, had the primary objective of evacuating about
It aimed to rescue Indians who were stranded in 16,000 Indians from the crisis in Libya. It was
Kuwait following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. This executed through both air and sea modes to ensure
operation was conducted from August to October the safe return of Indian citizens from a challenging
1990 and successfully brought back over 170,000 situation.
78.
Indians to India.
(c) About 150 Indians were rescued under Operation
Sankat Mochan after the 2016 conflict in South Sudan.
Operation Sankat Mochan was conducted in 2016 to
80.
m
(b) Operation Ganga brought back around 18,000 Indians
o
from neighboring countries during Russia's invasion
of Ukraine in 2022. Operation Ganga was launched in
c
2022 in response to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It
rescue about 150 Indians who were stranded in South
Sudan during a conflict. This operation played a
crucial role in ensuring the safety and return of these
.
aimed to bring back around 18,000 Indians, mostly
s
students, who were stuck in neighboring countries
r
due to the conflict. A total of 90 evacuation flights
e
Indian citizens. were operated in this mission.
OPEN MARKET OPERATIONS BY RBI
a n k
The Reserve Bank of India’s announcement on Friday (October 6) to consider the Open Market Operation (OMO) sale
p r
of government securities to manage liquidity in the system took the bond market by surprise as the central bank did
not reveal any specific timeline for the proposal. In response, the yield on the benchmark 10-year government bonds
shot up by 12 basis points to 7.34 per cent as the market anticipates an OMO shortly, which is expected to tighten
liquidity in the system.
T o
While there is no explicit calendar for this, a long sword hangs now that such OMOs can be announced any day. “This
is especially so since the market understands that the best of liquidity is likely over the October-December quarter.
Core liquidity may shrink enough by then for the RBI to not want tr-5G2J 5A8J6D0A
to7Bpersist with OMOs from the next quarter. Thus,
the risk of this additional supply is more near term, and this may weigh more on the minds of market participants,” said
Suyash Choudhary, Head – Fixed Income, Bandhan AMC.
Though the retail inflation was at 6.83 per cent in August, the market was not expecting this measure from the RBI to
suck out excess liquidity, adding a hawkish tint to the monetary policy. Liquidity is expected to tighten due to cash
withdrawal from the banking system due to the forthcoming festival season. “Going forward, while remaining nimble,
we may have to consider OMO sales to manage liquidity, consistent with the stance of monetary policy. The timing and
quantum of such operations will depend on the evolving liquidity conditions,” RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said while
unveiling the monetary policy.
What is the situation of Indian Economy?

• The RBI governor hinted that the RBI could opt for an OMO sales auction of government securities to mop up any
build-up of excess liquidity. The RBI has been conducting OMO sales in the secondary market over the past month,
with net sales amounting to Rs 6,200 crore in September.
• The RBI had implemented an incremental cash reserve ratio (I-CRR) in the August MPC meeting, resulting in the
withdrawal of liquidity amounting to Rs 1.1 lakh crore from the banking system. Despite the gradual withdrawal of
the I-CRR, systemic liquidity continued to stay in the deficit since mid-September due to quarterly tax outflows and
GST payments.
• The advance tr-
tax 2M7L5Q8T6M
5Upayments
0T resulted in a rise in the government’s cash balance with the RBI, which is estimated
have
at around Rs 2.7 lakh crore. A pickup in government spending in the second half and the withdrawal of I-CRR can
increase systemic liquidity. However, a pickup in currency demand ahead of the festive season can counteract any
increase in systemic liquidity, according to Care Ratings.
34
What is OMO?
• The RBI manages and controls the liquidity, rupee strength and monetary management through purchase and sale
of government securities (G-Secs) in a monetary tool called Open market Operations.
• OMOs are the market operations conducted by the RBI by way of sale and purchase of G-Secs to and from the
market with an objective to adjust the rupee liquidity conditions in the market on a durable basis.
• When the RBI feels that there is excess liquidity in the market, it resorts to sale of securities thereby sucking out
the rupee liquidity. Similarly, when the liquidity conditions are tight, the RBI may buy securities from the market,
thereby releasing liquidity into the market. On Friday, the yield on 10-year benchmark bonds fell by 13 bps to 6.60
per cent, following the RBI announcement.
What is the use of OMO?

• The RBI uses Open market operations (OMOs) in order to adjust the rupee liquidity conditions in the market on a
durable basis. When the Reserve Bank feels that there is excess liquidity in the market, it resorts to the sale of
government securities, thereby sucking out the rupee liquidity.
m
• Similarly, when the liquidity conditions are tight, the central bank buys securities from the market, thereby
releasing liquidity into the market. It’s used as a tool to rein in inflation and money supply in the system.
• However, when liquidity is sucked out, it can lead to a spike in bond yields as the RBI will release more government
securities into the market and bond buyers demand more interest rate on these securities.
. c o
81. What does OMO stand for in the context of RBI's
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
e r s
(c) OMO purchases lower interest rates
k
monetary policy? (d) OMO purchases result in unpredictable interest
(a) Operational Management Office rate fluctuations
(b) Open Market Operations
(c) Overdraft Management Option
(d) Operational Money Offerings
r a n 84. In the context of OMO, what is the purpose of

"OMO sales" by the RBI?
p
(a) To absorb liquidity from the banking system
82. Which of the following is a primary objective of RBI's (b) To increase money supply in the economy
OMO?
(d) Controlling fiscal policy

T o
(a) Influencing long-term interest rates
(b) Managing foreign exchange rates
(c) Regulating liquidity in the banking system 85.
(c) To control long-term interest rates
(d) To boost inflation
Who is the current and 25th Governor of the Reserve

tr-5GBank
2J7B5Aof 0A (RBI)?
India
8J6D
(a) Raghuram Rajan
83. What is the impact of OMO purchases by the RBI on (b) Urjit Patel
interest rates? (c) Shaktikanta Das
(a) OMO purchases raise interest rates (d) Duvvuri Subbarao
(b) OMO purchases have no impact on interest
rates

81. (b) Open Market Operations (OMO) is a crucial 83. (c) When the RBI conducts OMO purchases (buys
component of the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) government securities), it injects liquidity into the
monetary policy framework. It refers to the buying banking system. This increased liquidity leads to a
and selling of government securities in the open surplus of funds, reducing the short-term interest
market to manage liquidity and achieve the RBI's rates. Lower interest rates make borrowing cheaper,
policy objectives. OMO helps regulate money supply, stimulating economic activity.
interest rates, and credit conditions in the economy. 84. (a) "OMO sales" by the RBI involve selling government
82. (c) A primary objective of RBI's OMO is to regulate securities in the open market. This action absorbs
liquidity in the banking system. The RBI uses OMO liquidity from the banking system, reducing the
to inject or absorb funds to achieve its monetary money supply and leading to higher short-term
policy objectives. By
tr-5U 7L5Q8T6M0T
2Minfluencing liquidity, the central interest rates. It is used to tighten credit conditions
bank aims to manage credit conditions and control and control inflation.
inflation. 85. (c) Shaktikanta Das is the current and 25th Governor of
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). He assumed office as
35
the RBI Governor on December 12, 2018. As the head policy, regulating the banking sector, and managing
of the central bank, he plays a crucial role in the country's foreign exchange reserves.
formulating and implementing India's monetary
ASIAN GAMES 2023

Why in News?
The last day of the Asian Games was all about showering gold medals in different events for India. The Indian contingent
has made a promising start themselves, with shooters leading the way by winning a plethora of medals in both individual
and team events. The women's cricket team created history as they won a maiden Asian gold, and as did the Equestrian
team, which landed the country's first medal in the sport since 1982. The hockey teams – both men's and women's –
have been ruthless, thrashing oppositions and look poised for a top-of-the-podium finish. With where they stand so
soon in the event, India is expected to notch up their best-ever medal haul at Hangzhou 2023, overtaking their count of
69 at the Jakarta Games in 2018.
This 19th edition of the Asian Games will feature an impressive lineup of 40 sports spanning 61 disciplines, and India
will be sending its most extensive delegation ever, comprising 655 athletes. These remarkable events will unfold across
56 different venues throughout Hangzhou. It's worth noting that boxing and hockey competitions at the Asian Games
c o m
2023 will serve as qualifiers for the forthcoming Paris Olympics next year.
r s .
On the last day of the Asian Games, Indian players won a total of 12 medals, with half of them being gold in sports events
k e
like kabaddi, badminton, hockey and archery. The final tally of 107 medals included 28 gold, 38 silver, and 41 bronze
medals. This outstanding feat surpassed India's previous best of 70 medals in the Jakarta Asian Games
Origins of Asian Games
a n
• The Far Eastern Championship Games existed previous to the Asian Games, the former mooted in 1912 for a location
r
set between Japan, the Philippines, and China. The inaugural Far Eastern Games were held in Manila in 1913 with 6
p
participating nations. There were ten Far Eastern Games held by 1934.
• The second Sino-Japanese War in 1934, and Japan's insistence on including the Manchu Empire as a competitor
o
nation in the Games, brought China to announce its withdrawal from participation. The Far Eastern Games
scheduled for 1938 were cancelled. The organization was discontinued.
Formation
T
• After World War II, several areas in Asia became sovereigntr-states.
5G2J7B5A 8J6D0A
Many of these countries sought to exhibit Asian
prowess without violence. At the London 1948 Summer Olympics, a conversation started amongst China and the
Philippines to restore the idea of the Far Eastern Games. Guru Dutt Sondhi, the Indian International Olympic
Committee representative, believed that the restoration of the Far Eastern Games would sufficiently display the
spirit of unity and level of achievement taking place in Asian sports.
• He proposed the idea of a new competition – which came to be the Asian Games. The Asian Athletic Federation
would eventually be formed. A preparatory committee was set up to draft the charter for this new body. On 13
February 1949, the Asian Athletic Federation was formally inaugurated in and New Delhi, announced as the
inaugural host city to be held in 1950.
India’s progress from history till now

• From just two archery medals in 2018, the count went up to nine in 2023. The compound archers completed a clean
sweep of all the five gold medals on offer. Archers Jyothi Surekha Vennam and Ojas Pravin Deotale, with three gold
medals each, were the most successful athletes of this Games.
• In 2018, India won medals in 18 different sporting disciplines, which went up to 22 in 2023. At both editions, the top
two contributions came from athletics and shooting, but Hangzhou saw an increase from 20 to 29 in athletics while
shooters brought home 22 medals in comparison to just nine the last time around. These two events alone
accounted for a combined increase of 22.
• In shooting, the addition of team events pushed the medal tally up but it also showed the improving depth in
0T
5Q8T6Mshooters
various categories as7LIndian
tr-5U2M went toe-to-toe with China here.
• For the first time in Asiad history, India had a women’s javelin gold through Annu Rani, a men’s 3000-m
steeplechase winner in Avinash Sable.
36
• Chopra and Kishore Kumar Jena clinched a first ever 1-2 in javelin for India, while Tejaswin Shankar’s decathlon
silver with a national record was a significant moment. And no one will forget Parul Chaudhary’s dream late sprint
to gold in the women’s 5000 m.
Performance of India
• The day began with Jyothi Surekha clinching GOLD in women's compound archery. Jyothi Surekha Vennam of
India secures a gold medal in Women's Compound Archery, triumphing over South Korea's Chaewon So with a
score of 145-149.
• Indian archer Ojas Deotale won gold as Abhishek Verma settled for silver medal in men's compound individual
event at Asian Games.
• The fiery performance of team India in Asian Games was studded with several milestones achieved in different
sports events. First medal in the Women's 10m Air Rifle Team Event, the first Gold in the Men's Air Rifle Team
Event, India's victory in the Squash Final, the double medal for the Javelin Throw, gold in equestrian, and Parul
Choudhary's incredible come-from-behind victory in the Women's 5000m, Aditi Ashok's historic medal in golf, are
m
a few of the major milestones achieved.
• India's athletes and shooters were the show stoppers of Asian Games. Athletic brought India the most 29 medals.
On the other hand, Indian shooters brought a total of 22 medals for the nation.
• In Javelin, it was not just India's 'Golden Boy' Neeraj Chopra, but also Kishore Kumar Jena who dominated in the
.
competition. The duo scripted historic javelin 1-2 podium position. Indian athletes Parul Chaudhary and Avinash
c o
r s
Sable's double podium, while Tajinderpal Singh Toor defended his shot put title, 4x400m relay teams' success and
Tejaswin Shankar's national record-breaking decathlon silver, were the spotlight moments in track and field.
e
k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
86. Which edition of the Asian Games is currently

underway as mentioned in the statement?
(a) 17th (b) 18th
r a n 89.
(c) Japan (d) South Korea
Which country won the highest number of medals
p
(c) 19th (d) 20th in the 19th Asian Games?
(a) India (b) China
87.
88.
(c) 95 medals o
How many medals did India win in the 19th Asian
Games 2023, as mentioned in the statement?
(a) 55 medals
T
(b) 75 medals
(d) 107 medals
Where will the 20th Asian Games be held in 2027?

90.
(c) Japan (d) Republic of Korea
Who regulates the Asian Games since 1982?

(a) International Olympic Committee (IOC)
tr-5G(b) 8J6D0A
Asian
2J7B5A Games Federation
(c) Olympic Council of Asia
(a) China (b) India (d) United Nations (UN)

86. (c) The statement refers to the 19th edition of the Asian showcasing the country's outstanding performance in
Games. The Asian Games are a multi-sport event held the competition.
among athletes from countries in Asia. These games 88. (c) The 20th Asian Games are scheduled to be held in
featured various sports and competitions where Japan in 2027. This statement mentions the host
athletes from Asian countries participated to country for the 20th edition of the Asian Games.
showcase their skills and abilities. China is known for 89. (b) In the 19th Asian Games, China won the highest
its strong performance in the Asian Games, often number of medals. They secured a total of 383 medals,
leading the medal tally, as mentioned in the making them the top-performing country in terms of
statement. medals won in this edition.
87. (d) As per the statement, India won a total of 107 medals 90. (c) Since 1982, the Asian Games have been regulated by
during the 19th Asian Games held in Hangzhou, the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). The OCA is
China. These medals comprised 28 gold, 38 silver, and responsible for organizing and overseeing the Asian
41 bronze. It's highlighted as India's highest-ever Games and related events. The Asian Games
medal score in the history of the Asian Games, Federation was responsible for the regulation of the
8T6M0T games from 1951 to 1978.
tr-5U2M7L5Q
37
PROJECT KUPIER AND OTHER SPACE NEWS
Why in news?
So far the effort is going well. SpaceX, the company Musk founded in 2002, has launched more than 4,500 Starlink
satellites in the past five years, accounting for more than 50% of all active satellites orbiting the Earth. Together those
satellites can deliver internet access to almost anywhere in the globe, giving Musk access over global communications
and the ability to intervene in military conflicts.
Jeff Bezos, the Amazon founder and world’s third richest man (Musk is the richest), is launching his own bid to influence
near-Earth orbit. His first satellites went up into orbit just over a week ago. Now there is a risk that the arena could
come to be dominated by two ultra-wealthy men, at least one of whom is prone to impulsive acts.
“Anytime you have that much power concentrated in one decision-maker, it’s something to think about,” said Victoria
Samson, Washington office director at the Secure World Foundation, a non-profit that focuses on space sustainability.
In September 2022, Ukrainian forces planned to launch a surprise drone attack on Russian ships based at the Crimean
port of Sevastopol. Ukraine had become reliant on SpaceX internet services in areas where more traditional services had
been wiped out or disrupted, and officials issued an emergency request to Musk to activate SpaceX services to
Sevastopol. Musk refused, saying he was concerned Russia could launch a nuclear attack in response, and the Ukrainian
strike was thwarted.
c o m
.
However noble Musk’s intentions, it raises questions about one man having the power to allow or disallow military
attacks by a sovereign state, particularly given Musk’s influence only appears to be growing, with SpaceX now launching
s
new satellites every single week. The company, which has more than 1.5 million users worldwide, has requested
r
authorization to send a total of 42,000 satellites into orbit – numbers that make Amazon’s recent launch of two satellites
(both prototypes) look rather twee.
e
Amazon and SpaceX
n k
• Meanwhile the effort by Bezos, a space enthusiast who in 2021 was blasted into suborbital flight, has been a long
a
and error-strewn process. Amazon’s Project Kuiper had originally intended to launch the satellites last year, but the
r
rocket carrying Kuipersat-1 and Kuipersat-2 failed on launch.
• Bezos’s Blue Origin company, which makes rockets, including the one that carried him into space, would ideally be
o p
carrying the Kuiper satellites, but the company is yet to successfully launch anything into orbit. According to the
New York Times, Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, designed to carry Kuiper-like payloads into space, is three years
behind schedule. Instead, the 6 October launch of the first pair of prototypes blasted into orbit on United Launch
Alliance’s Atlas V rocket.
T
• Despite these difficulties, Bezos plans to launch 3,236 satellites by 2029, but Amazon enters the space satellite race
with a yawning gap between it and Space X. SpaceX “has the 5G first-mover
tr- 2J7B5A8J
6Dadvantage
0A here”, Samson added. But other
companies are striving to catch up, and not just Amazon. Eutelsat OneWeb has 634 satellites in lower-Earth orbit
– a sweet spot distance from Earth where Space X’s Starlink satellites also operate.
• Earlier this year the European Union announced plans to launch 170 satellites into orbit between 2025 and 2027.
“There’s plenty of work ahead, but at this point in the mission, I’m thrilled to report that KuiperSat-1 and KuiperSat-
2 are operating nominally,” said Rajeev Badyal, Project Kuiper’s vice president of technology. “The two satellites are
stable in orbit, harvesting energy from the sun, and communicating across all links from Earth to space and space
to Earth. We’re already learning a lot from this mission that will inform further improvements to our production
systems, and the team should be very proud of this milestone.”
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
91. When does Amazon plan to launch its first internet (c) Over 3,000 satellites
satellites to space for Project Kuiper? (d) Over 4,000 satellites
(a) In the second half of 2024
(b) In the first half of 2024 93. Which other company is mentioned as a competitor
(c) In the second half of 2023 to Amazon's Project Kuiper in providing global
(d) In the first half of 2023 broadband internet via satellites?
(a) Boeing (b) Microsoft
92. How many satellites does Amazon plan to launch in (c) SpaceX (d) Google
2M7L5Q 8T6M0T
low-Earth orbit for Project
tr-5U Kuiper?
(a) Over 1,000 satellites 94. Where did the Shenzhou-17 spacecraft lift off for its
(b) Over 2,000 satellites mission to China's space station?
38
(a) Kennedy Space Center 95. Which company has been fined for failing to move
(b) Baikonur Cosmodrome an old satellite away from Earth?
(c) Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (a) SpaceX (b) NASA
(d) Tanegashima Space Center (c) Dish Network (d) Blue Origin

91. (b) Amazon's Project Kuiper plans to launch its first 94. (c) The Shenzhou-17 spacecraft lifted off from the
internet satellites to space in the first half of 2024. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which is located in
92. (c) Amazon's Project Kuiper plans to launch over 3,000 northwest China.
satellites in low-Earth orbit in the next few years. 95. (c) Dish Network has been fined for not moving an old
93. (c) Elon Musk's SpaceX is mentioned as one of the satellite far enough away from Earth.
competitors to Amazon's Project Kuiper in the race to
provide global broadband internet via satellites.
INDIA’S AI REPORT
c o m
.
The government on Friday unveiled a report on the country’s artificial intelligence programme, which it believes will
s
be a kinetic enabler for India to achieve the goal of USD 1 trillion digital economy by 2026. Minister of Electronics and
r
IT Rajeev Chandrasekhar said that the draft National Strategy on Robotics will be part of the multi-year India AI
k e
programme. “This is a deep, multi-year roadmap to make Indian AI work for being a kinetic enabler of the trillion-dollar
digital economy,” Chandrasekhar said. The minister had earlier said the government plans to make India a USD 1-trillion
digital economy by 2026. He said that apart from supporting the startup ecosystem, India’s AI programme will focus on
r n
comprehensive skills in the country, building computer infrastructure etc.
a
The report recommends creation of India data sets platform to be used by domestic startups and researchers, building
GPU (graphical processing unit)-based computer infrastructure to provide resources for development of AI engines or
o p
models to indigenous firms. “India AI computer platform will be a PPP (public private partnership) project that will
create substantial GPU capacity for our startups and researchers to train their models,” Chandrasekhar said.
T
He said India data sets will be a collection of data and may be one of the largest collections of anonymised data sets,
which will be used by Indian researchers and Indian startups to train their model. “Indian AI will also support
development of AI chips in partnership with the Semicon India Program,”
tr-5G2J7B 5A8J6D0A Chandrasekhar said. The Ministry of
Electronics and IT has floated a consultation paper on the National Strategy on Robotics, which is open for public
comments till October 31.
India’s AI report
Stanford University’s AI Index Report 2023 has revealed India's role in the global Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution.
The report shows that India is a leader when it comes to AI skills as it has the highest AI skill penetration rates in the
world. Additionally, in 2022, Indian software developers contributed to a big chunk (around 24.2 per cent) of AI projects
on GitHub.
Former NITI Aayog CEO, Amitabh Kant shared his optimism about India’s growing steps in the field of AI on the basis
of the new report. He said that India's brightest minds are shaping AI and using it to tackle global challenges like health,
education, and nutrition.
GitHub is a place where people store their software projects. These projects can include things like the source code,
documentation, configuration files, and images. Since 2011, the number of AI-related GitHub projects has been growing.
It went from 1,536 in 2011 to 347,934 in 2022.
In 2022, a lot of GitHub AI projects (24.2%) were contributed by software developers in India. The next most represented
areas were the European Union and the United Kingdom (17.3%), and then the United States (14.0%). The share of
American GitHub AI projects has0Tbeen going down since 2016. Kant further said, “As of 2022, a significant percentage
8T6M
tr-5U2M7L5Q
of AI projects on GitHub were contributed by Indian software developers (24.2%). While tapping this talent pool we
must facilitate access to reliable data and computing power. This will establish India as an AI research hub.”
39
AI’s penetration in Asia
• At least 30 per cent of organisations in Asia lack policies for Generative AI, and 65 per cent believe adversaries
exploit AI successfully, according to according to Generative AI 2023: An ISACA Pulse Poll.
• The poll found that many employees at respondents’ organisations are using generative AI, even without policies
in place for its use. Among respondents in Asia, only 32 percent of organisations say their companies expressly
permit the use of generative AI.
• Only 11 percent say a formal comprehensive policy is in place, and 30 percentage say no policy exists and there is no
plan for one. Despite this, over 42 percent say employees are using it regardless — and the percentage is likely much
higher given that an additional 30 percent aren’t sure. “Employees are not waiting for permission to explore and
leverage generative AI to bring value to their work, and it is clear that their organisations need to catch up in
providing policies, guidance, and training to ensure the technology is used appropriately and ethically.
• With greater alignment between employers and their staff around generative AI, organisations will be able to drive
increased understanding of the technology among their teams, gain further benefit from AI, and better protect
themselves from related risk,” said Jason Lau, ISACA board director and CISO at Crypto.com.
96. What is the purpose of the High-Level

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(a)
c o m
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
Multistakeholder Advisory Body on Artificial
Intelligence announced by the UN Secretary-
General?
(b)
(c)
(d)
r .
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
s
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN)
(a) To develop AI technologies for national security
(b) To build a global scientific consensus on AI risks
and challenges
k
99.
e
Which programming language is commonly used for
developing artificial intelligence applications and
97.
(c) To regulate and restrict AI development
(d) To promote AI for economic growth
Who are the experts included in the High-Level
r a n machine learning models?

(a) C++
(b) Python
(c) Java
Multistakeholder Advisory Body on Artificial
Intelligence?
(a) Only government officials
o p 100.
(d) Ruby
Which country is hosting the AI Safety Summit
98.
(d) Academics and researchers
T
(b) Only private sector representatives
(c) Experts from government, private sector,
research community, civil society, and academia
Which type of neural network architecture is often

scheduled for November 1, and will India be
participating?
tr-5G(a) India,
2J7B5A and yes
8J6D0A
(b) United States, and yes
(c) United Kingdom, and yes
(d) Australia, and no
used for image recognition and classification tasks?

96. (b) The High-Level Multistakeholder Advisory Body on facial recognition, medical image analysis, and more.
Artificial Intelligence, established by the UN While Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long
Secretary-General, aims to build a global scientific Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are suitable
consensus on the risks and challenges associated with for sequence data, CNNs excel in handling grid-like
artificial intelligence. data, such as images.
97. (c) The advisory body consists of experts from various 99. (b) Python is the programming language commonly used
sectors, including government, the private sector, the for developing artificial intelligence applications and
research community, civil society, and academia. machine learning models. Python's simplicity,
98. (b) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of extensive libraries, and community support make it a
neural network architecture specifically designed for preferred language for AI and machine learning tasks.
tasks related to image recognition and classification. Numerous libraries and frameworks, such as
CNNs are capable of automatically learning and TensorFlow, PyTorch, scikit-learn, and Keras, are
extracting relevant2Mfeatures from
8T6M 0T images by using available for AI development in Python. This makes it
tr-5U 7L5Q
convolutional layers. These networks have easier for researchers, developers, and data scientists
revolutionized the field of computer vision and are to work on AI projects, as they can leverage the
widely used in applications such as object detection,
40
existing tools and resources provided by the Python leaders and experts to discuss and address the safety
ecosystem. aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on
100. (c) The AI Safety Summit is hosted by the United society. It provides a platform for discussions and
Kingdom, and India will be participating in this collaborations on AI safety measures and strategies.
summit. The summit aims to bring together world
POSH ACT IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

Why in News
The Supreme Court has issued directions to the Union government, and all State/UT governments to ensure the
effective implementation of the provisions of the Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) read with its Rules
Background
The directive came as the court heard a bunch of public interest litigation (PILs), seeking effective implementation of
m
the POSH Act in the face of varying models of implementation and several loopholes in the implementation of the 2013
law.
Appointment of District Officers
.
SC issued various guidelines for the effective implementation of the act. It includes the directions such as for the
c o
s
appointment of the District officers. The District Officers, once nominated by the State are hereby directed to identify
r
the non-governmental organisations working with women and their protection within the district. The Women and
e
Child Development Ministry of every State/UT, through its Principal Secretary, should consider identifying a ‘nodal
person’ within the Department, to oversee and aid in coordination as contemplated under the POSH Act.
Training and Capacity Building
a n k
The District Officers and Local Committee (LCs) should be mandatorily trained regarding their important
r
responsibilities. Given their position in the redressal framework contemplated in the Act, they must first be sensitised
to the nature of sexual harassment, the gendered interactions that occur in the workspace, etc. Further, it was stated
o p
that the State Governments, must organise periodic, and regular training sessions at the District level which are to be
attended by the District Officer, members of the LC, and nodal officers.
T
Monitoring of ICs and compliance by employers
Directions are hereby made to hospitals, nursing homes, sports institutes, stadiums, sports complex, or competition or
games venues to establish ICs, and report compliance as per the duties under this Act.
6D0A
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
Role of District Officers
Citing the scheme of the POSH Act, the top court noted that the role of the district officer is pivotal. They are responsible
for numerous aspects in the implementation of the Act. It is where the buck stops, so to say, in terms of coordination
and accountability relating to the POSH Act. Efforts have to be undertaken to orient, train and sensitise the district
officers with regard to the provisions of the POSH Act and the rules, with an emphasis on their roles and obligations.
POSH Act
The Sexual Harassment at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act) was enacted in the
year 2013 after the guidelines were issued by SC in the year of 1997. It was based on the guidelines of the SC and its
compliance with the international convention namely Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
101. POSH Act was based on the guidelines of the 102. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Supreme Court. SC issued these guidelines in which Discrimination Against Women was ratified by India
of the following cases? in
(a) Ramesh v state of Bihar (a) 1990 (b) 1982
(b) Vishaka v State of Rajasthan (c) 1957 (d) 1993
(c) RIT foundation v Union of6M
8T India
0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q
(d) Apparel Export Promotion Council v Union of 103. Who introduced the concept of PIL in India?
India (a) Justice DY Chandrachud
(b) Justice Uday Umesh Lalit
41
(c) Justice N.V. Ramana
(d) Justice PN Bhagwati 105. Which of the following SDGs talk about Gender
Equality?
104. International Woman Day is celebrated on (a) SDG 5 (b) SDG 6
(a) 8th March (b) 8th February (c) SDG 4 (d) SDG 1
(c) 22nd June (d) 22nd April

101. (b) The Supreme Court in a landmark judgment in the India towards the end of the 1970s and came into full
Vishakha v State of Rajasthan 1997 case gave bloom in the 1980s.
'Vishakha guidelines'. These guidelines formed the 104. (a) Each year, March 8 is observed as International
basis for the Sexual Harassment of Women at Women's Day to celebrate the social, economic,
Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) cultural, and political achievements of women from
Act, 2013. all around the world.
102. (d) India had ratified the Convention in July 1993 with
two declarations and one reservation. It indicated
that the preparation of the report had been preceded
105.
o m
(a) SDG 5 aims to achieve gender equality by ending all
forms of discrimination, violence and any harmful
practices against women and girls. It also calls for the
c
.
by wide-ranging consultations with a number of full participation of women and equal opportunities
women's organizations. for leadership at all levels of decision-making.
103. (d) Justice V R Krishna Iyer and Justice P N Bhagwati were
the pioneers of the concept of PIL. PIL had begun in
NUCLEAR BRIEFCASE
e r s
Why in news?
n k
After a meeting with Chinese President on Wednesday (October 18), Putin was seen walking in a video footage, followed
a
by two Russian naval officers in uniform – each carrying a briefcase. One of these is likely to be the ‘nuclear briefcase’,
which has evoked a sense of mystery over the years.
Nuclear briefcase
p r
T o
Also known as the ‘Cheget’, named after a mountain in Russia, the briefcase is part of a larger system in place for
authorising the launch of nuclear strikes. It’s part of a secured communication setup, meant to convey orders for a
nuclear strike to the rocket forces of the country.
Using of nuclear briefcase tr-5G2J7B5A 8J6D0A
According to the US-based Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation (CACNP), the first and only known instance
of a nuclear briefcase being “opened” during a crisis was in 1995. A 1998 report in The Washington Post on the event
said the briefcase was a product of the final phase of the Cold War, during the tense early 1980s, when Soviet leaders
feared a sudden attack launched from Europe or nearby oceans. They needed a remote command system to cut down
reaction time. Even though the joint US-Norway project had been announced earlier, Russians were not aware of it and
had their strategic forces put on high alert. This is when the briefcases were handed to the leaders to plan a response.
Eventually, the nature of the launch became clear to the Russians and the attack was held.
Working of Nuclear Briefcase

Once radar operators sent out alerts of possible enemy action, the Russian electronic command-and-control networks
were activated. The duty general received his information from the radar operator on a special notification terminal,
Krokus. He then passed it to the Kavkaz, a complex network of cables, radio signals, satellites and relays that is at the
heart of the Russian command and control. The alert then reached the three nuclear briefcases.
Nuclear briefcase with other countries

The American President has a similar briefcase. It was nicknamed the ‘football’ after a 1960s mission called ‘Dropkick’
(a term related to American football). It is thought to have begun in the era of John F Kennedy, who was concerned
about how in the era of a Cold War between the two superpowers of the time (the US and USSR), orders for a nuclear
strike would be verified 5Q8T6M0T
quickly.
tr-5U2M7L
42
Russia and Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Russia's parliament took the first step towards revoking ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and
its top legislator warned the US that Moscow might potentially abandon the treaty entirely.
Conclusion
The briefcase is essentially a secure communication instrument that connects the president to his military top
commanders and, from there, to rocket troops via the highly classified electronic command-and-control network.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
106. The communication among the forces is done via (c) The Nuclear Tourism
which of the following electronic command-and- (d) Samsonite
control network?
(a) Makdul (b) Kazbek 109. Who is the chairman of Center for Arms Control and
m
(c) Kazaki (d) Lappto Non-Proliferation?
(a) Ambassador John Thomas
107. Who was the president of Russia in 1990?
(a) Mikhail Gorbachev (b) Joe Biden
(c) Makhan Singh (d) Vladimir Putin
(b) Sir Krishnan Iyer
(c) Ambassador Peter Galbraith
.
(d) Dr. Modi Patil
c o
108. What is the name of the similar briefcase with the
American President?
(a) W54 warhead
110.
e r s
Who is the President of China?
(a) Joe Biden
(c) Vladimir Putin
(b) Xi Jinping
(d) Fumio Kishida
(b) The Presidential Emergency Satchel
a n k
106.
p
(b) The communication among the forces is done via the
‘Kazbek’ electronic command-and-control network.
r or just the football) is a briefcase, the contents of
which are to be used by the president of the United
o
Kazbek supports another system, known as ‘Kavkaz’. States to communicate.
107. (a) Mikhail Gorbachev was the president of Russia in 109. (c) Ambassador Peter W. Galbraith is the chairman of the
T
1990. The briefcases were first put into service just board of the Center for Arms Control and Non-
around the time Russian President Mikhail Proliferation, and is the Center's Senior Diplomatic
Gorbachev took office (1990-91). By 1995, Boris Yeltsin Fellow.
6D0A
had succeeded him. 110.tr-5G(b) Xi8J
2J7B5A Jinping is a Chinese politician who has been serving
108. (b) The nuclear football (has also been known as the as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist
atomic football, the President's Emergency Satchel, Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military.
the satchel, the button, the Black Bag, the black box,
SAKHROV PRIZE FOR FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND IRANIAN

CRISIS
Why in news?
The European Union parliament awarded its annual Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Iranian woman Mahsa
Amini who died in police custody last year and the "Woman, Life, Freedom" movement in Iran.
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought
The prize is named after Soviet human rights activist Andrei Sakharov. It has been awarded annually since 1988 to those
who stand up for human rights and personal freedom. the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought is the highest tribute
paid by the European Union to human rights work. It gives recognition to individuals, groups and organisations that
have made an outstanding contribution to protecting freedom of thought. Through the prize and its associated network
the EU assists laureates, who are supported and empowered in their efforts to defend their causes.
Mahsa Amini
7L5Q8T6M 0T
Iranian morality police
tr-5U2Marrested Amini, 22, for allegedly violating Iran's mandatory headscarf law. She died on September
16, 2022, three days after her arrest. Authorities said Mahsa Amini's death resulted from existing medical issues, but
family and supporters say it was caused by injuries suffered during beatings by Iranian police.
43
Iranian Crises
The protests involved many women defying the headscarf law and removing the mandatory clothing piece, called the
hijab. Protests have grown into calls for the dismantling of Iran's Islamic theocracy, a government system that dates
back four decades. Iran has responded to the protests and to women removing their headscarves by engaging in a violent
crackdown in which over 500 people have been killed and over 22,000 more detained, according to some human rights
groups.
European Parliament
The European Parliament is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.
Together with the Council of the European Union, it adopts European legislation, following a proposal by the European
Commission. The Parliament is composed of 705 members. The European Parliament is an important forum for political
debate and decision-making at the EU level. The Members of the European Parliament are directly elected by voters in
all Member States to represent people’s interests with regard to EU law-making and to make sure other EU institutions
are working democratically.
Freedom of Thought
Freedom of thought is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of
others' viewpoints. Article 9 of the Humans Right Act protects your right to freedom of thought, belief and religion. It
c o m
in Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
r s .
includes the right to change your religion or beliefs at any time. Freedom of thought is an absolute right that is enshrined
e
Conclusion
The European Parliament proudly stands with the brave and defiant who continue to fight for equality, dignity and
freedom in Iran. The conferment of this award to Amini proves the same.
a n k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
111. Who is the president of EU Parliament?

(a) Katarina Barley (b) Roberta Metsola
p r (c) George Washington (d) Nelson Mandela
o
(c) Sabine Verheyen (d) Heidi Anneli Hautala 114. Freedom of thought is a fundamental right under
which article of Indian Constitution?
112.
113.
(a) Fariba Naderi
T
Who won Nobel Peace Prize 2023?
(b) Elnaz Shakerdoost
(c) Narges Mohammadi (d) Elaheh Mohammadi
Who was the first recipient of Sakharov Prize for

Freedom of Thought in 1988?
(a) Article 19
(c) Article 14
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
115.
6D0A
(b) Article 27
(d) Article 22
Who is the current President of Iran?

(a) Barack Obama (b) Ebrahim Raisi
(c) Robinson Obama (d) Nargis Hegde
(a) Osaka Bin Laden (b) Abraham Lincoln

111. (b) Roberta Metsola is a Maltese politician. A member of 113. (d) The prize was first awarded by the European
Malta's Nationalist Party and the European People's Parliament in 1988 to anti-apartheid activist and later
Party, she has been serving as president of the President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.
European Parliament since January 2022. 114. (a) Article 19 of the Constitution provides freedom of
112. (c) The Norwegian Nobel committee has decided to speech which is the right to express one's opinion
award the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize to Narges freely without any fear.
Mohammadi for her fight against the oppression of 115. (b) Sayyid Ebrahim Raisolsadati, commonly known as
women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights Ebrahim Raisi, is an Iranian principlist politician,
and freedom for all Muslim jurist, and the eighth and current president of
Iran since 3 August 2021, having been elected to the
presidency in the 2021 election.
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q
44
LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS AND INDIA’S PLAN OF NATIONAL
DEEP TECH START UP POLICY
Why in News?
India will set up a “high powered committee” to explore the development of large language models or LLMs, tools that
harness artificial intelligence to create applications that can understand and process human language.
Large Language Models

A large language model (LLM) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that uses deep learning techniques and
massively large data sets to understand, summarize, generate and predict new content. One of the most well-known
examples of LLMs is OpenAI's GPT.
m
National Deep Tech Startup Policy
The Draft National Deep Tech Startup Policy (NDTSP) is strategically formulated to stimulate innovation, spur
economic growth, and promote societal development through the effective utilization of deep tech research-driven
innovations. This initiative centralizes on bolstering deep tech startups, thereby solidifying India's financial stability
.
and stimulating the transition towards a knowledge-centric economy, consequently augmenting India’s overall
c o
productivity.
Aim of National Deep Tech Startup Policy
e r s
k
The National Deep Tech Startup Policy (NDTSP) aims to address the challenges confronting deep tech startups through
definitive policy interventions to create a conducive ecosystem. Acknowledging the key significance of deep technology
emerging Deep Tech Startup ecosystem.
Vision of National Deep Tech Startup Policy
r n
in propelling innovation, economic growth, and societal development, the NDTSP lays the foundation for India's
a
o p
The National Deep Tech Startup Policy (NDTSP) strives to drive innovation, economic growth, and societal
development through the utilization of advanced research-based deep tech inventions. NDTSP will support deep tech
startups and secure India's financial future, progress towards a knowledge-driven economy, and bolster productivity.
Deep Tech
T
NDTSP also aims to unleash the power of technological growth in all sectors, catalyse multiplier effects and create new
industries for enhancing India’s capability and global competitiveness.
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
Deep Technology refers to innovations founded on advanced scientific and technological breakthroughs. Due to their
disruptive nature, they have the potential to solve India’s most pressing societal issues.
Prime Minister's Science, Technology, and Innovation Advisory Council (PM-STIAC)

It is an overarching council that facilitates the PSA’s Office to assess the status in specific science and technology
domains, comprehend challenges, formulate interventions, develop a futuristic roadmap and advise the Prime Minister
accordingly. The Office of PSA supported by the project management team at Invest India, is facilitating the delivery
and progress of all Nine national missions under PM-STIAC. Four of the nine missions, Deep Ocean Mission, Natural
Language Translation mission, AI mission, and Quantum Frontier mission have been approved.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
116. Who is the father of Artificial Intelligence? (b) Techno Fund

(a) Bhikaiji Rustom Cama (c) Digi Fund And Innovation
(b) John McCarthy (d) Digital India Innovation Fund
(c) Niccolo Machiavelli
(d) Norman Ernest Borlaug 118. Who is the Principal scientific advisor of the Union
5U2M7L5Q8T
6M0T government?
tr-
117. Which fund will be launched by the government (a) Sonu Sood (b) Sanjay Hooda
which support deep tech startups? (c) Ajay Sood (d) Chetan Dass
(a) Artificial Intelligence Fund
45
119. Where is the Headquarter of Confederation of All 120. What is the rank of India for investment in startups
India Traders located? offering AI-based products and services in Artificial
(a) Bihar (b) Ranchi Intelligence Index Report 2023?
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) New Delhi (a) Fifth (b) Seventh
(c) First (d) Second

116. (b) John McCarthy is considered as the father of Artificial 118. (c) Ajay Kumar Sood is the Principal Scientific Advisor to
Intelligence. John McCarthy was an American the Government of India (PSA to GoI) from April
computer scientist. He is one of the founder of 2022. He is also the Chairperson of the Prime
artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Minister's Science, Technology & Innovation
Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert. Advisory Council (PM-STIAC).
117. (d) The government will launch a Digital India 119. (d) Confederation of All India Traders has its headquarter
Innovation Fund which will support deep tech in New Delhi.
startups, said Minister of State for Electronics and
Information Technology, and Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship Rajeev Chandrasekhar.
120.
m
(a) India ranked fifth in investments based on artificial
o
intelligence (AI), according to Stanford University's
annual AI Index 2023 report.
c
WHITE PHOSPOHORUS WEAPONS AND RELATED LAWS
r s .
e
Why in News
The Human Rights Watch on Thursday said that Israel used white phosphorus bombs in the Gaza Strip in retaliatory
k
action against last weekend’s attack by Hamas. It condemned the use of the controversial munition, which can severely
n
burn people and set fire to civilian structures, in such a densely populated area.
Usage of white phosphorus bombs by Israel on previous occasion
a
p r
Notably, Israel has used white phosphorus bombs in the Gaza Strip on several occasions. In 2009, during the Gaza War,
Israel used white phosphorus bombs in densely populated areas, resulting in civilian casualties. In 2014, during the
Operation Protective Edge, Israel again used white phosphorus bombs in Gaza, causing widespread damage.
White phosphorus weapon
T o
The use of white phosphorus bombs in civilian areas is a violation of international law. White phosphorus bombs are
categorised as incendiary weapons, which means that in addition to their destructive explosive force, they have the
capacity to propagate fire. White phosphorus bombs can disperse 7B5A8J
tr-5G2Jthis
6D0A
fire across an area spanning several hundred
square yards, and the phosphorus continues to burn until it is entirely consumed. When deployed as a weapon,
phosphorus has the capability to unleash devastating fires upon its targets, causing indiscriminate damage.
Consequently, its utilisation in proximity to civilians is strictly prohibited, as international law mandates a clear
distinction between civilian and military entities. Israel has defended its use of white phosphorus bombs, arguing that
they are necessary to protect its troops from rocket attacks.
Law of Armed Conflict Applicable to White Phosphorus

it is illegal to use a certain weapon in armed conflict requires a positive showing of its treaty- or customary-based
prohibition. White phosphorus is often incorrectly labelled as an “incendiary weapon” or a “chemical weapon.” Under
the Law of Armed Conflict, it is legally neither.
The Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Incendiary Weapons (Protocol III)
It is the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) which is the treaty regime that governs incendiary
weapons. Protocol III does not ban the use of incendiary weapons during armed conflict, but it proscribes their use in
four specific ways. Protocol III’s four specific limitations on the use of incendiary weapons are designed to protect
civilians, not combatants.
White Phosphorus Is Not a Chemical Weapon Under the CWC

The CWC bans the use of5Qchemical
8T6M0T weapons. It also prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling,
tr-5U2M7L
transfer and retention of the same. It is an encompassing treaty; however, not all toxic or harmful chemicals with
military applications are prohibited. While White Phosphorus is fundamentally a chemical agent, and is toxic, it is not
governed by the CWC.
46
Conclusion
White phosphorus is not explicitly banned by international conventions - though its use in a dense, civilian population
is considered illegal by many legal scholars.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
121. White Phosphorus ignites when it is exposed to (a) Ali Khamenei

which gas? (b) Mohammed Shayya’ Sabbar Al-Sudani
(a) Carbon Dioxide (b) Oxygen (c) Mohamed al-Halbousi
(c) Sulphur (d) Nitrogen (d) Benjamin Netanyahu
122. As per the Globally Harmonized System of 124. Who is the Head of Palestine Liberation
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, white Organisation?
phosphorus lies under the category of (a) Mahmoud Abbas (b) Yitzhak Rabin
m
(a) Pyrophoric Solids category 3 (c) Ismail Haniyeh (d) Yasser Abbas
(b) Phosphorus Liquid category 1
(c) Pyrophoric Solids category 1
(d) Phosphorous Solids 2
125.
o
White Phosphorus trace back to 19th Century when
c
Irish nationalists employed a formulation known as
.
(a) Laddy Rain (b) Fenian Fire
123. Who is the current Prime Minister of Israel?
e r s
(c) Firish Fenny (d) Dechen Irish
121. (b) White phosphorus is a chemical waxy solid substance

typically appearing yellowish or colourless, and some
have described its odour as resembling garlic. It
a n k from 1996 to 1999 and again from 2009 to 2021. He is

the chairman of the Likud party.
124. (a) Mahmoud Abbas, also known by the kunya Abu
r
ignites instantly upon contact with oxygen. It is often Mazen, is the president of the State of Palestine and
used by militaries to illuminate battlefields, generate the Palestinian National Authority. He has been the
122.
a smokescreen and as an incendiary.
o
(c) As per the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, white
p chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
since 2004.
125. (b) White phosphorus munitions trace back to the late
T
phosphorus lies under the category of "Pyrophoric 19th century when Irish nationalists employed a
solids category 1" formulation known as “Fenian fire.” Subsequent
123. (d) Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu is an Israeli politician who widespread use occurred during World War I by
has been serving as the prime minister of Israel since tr-5G2J 7B British
5A and Commonwealth forces in various forms,
8J6D0A
December 2022, having previously held the office including grenades, bombs, shells, and rockets.
69th NATIONAL FILM AWARDS

Why in news
The winners of the 69th National Film Awards were announced at the National Media Center. The 69th National Film
Awards took center stage, unveiling a constellation of talented winners.
About National Film Award
The National Film Awards, held annually, stand as a beacon of honor in the stream of Indian cinema. The National Film
Awards are organized by the Directorate of Film Festivals, under the Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
They celebrate films that exhibit not only aesthetic and technical excellence but also social relevance, signifying the
power of cinema as a medium of both art and impact.
Aim of National Film Awards

The Awards aim at encouraging the production of films of aesthetic & technical excellence and social relevance
contributing to the understanding and appreciation of cultures of different regions of the country in cinematic form,
thereby also promoting unity and integrity of the nation. The winners of the awards are decided by the Jury comprising
persons distinguished in the field of cinema, other allied arts and humanities.
5Q8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L Film Awards
Background of National
Since the first awards given for the films, the National Film Awards have come a long way. Over the years the number
of the awards has increased. Initially called ‘State Awards’, with two President’s Gold Medals, two certificates of merit
47
and silver medals for a dozen regional films, for the first six years, it was the practice to give the Regional Best Award to
the National Best Film itself. Over the years the number of awards increased.
National Film Awards 2023

In a glittering ceremony, the winners of the 69th National Film Awards were revealed. The Allu Arjun was awarded for
the Best Actor for the film Pushpa while the Best Actress Award was presented to Alia Bhatt and Kriti Sanon for their
films Gangubai Kathiawadia and Mimi respectively. The Best Feature Film Award was presented to The Nambi Effect.
The Kashmir Files won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Film on National Integration.
National Film Awards 2022

Tamil film Soorarai Pottru won in five categories – Best Feature Film, Best Actor for Suriya, Best Actress for Aparna
Balamurali, Best Music Direction (Score) for G V Prakash Kumar, and Best Original Screenplay for Sudha Kongara, who
also directed the film. Suriya shared his Best Actor win with Ajay Devgn, who won the awards for Tanhaji. Asha Parekh
was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2022.
Classification of National Film Awards

The awards are given in three sections: Features, Non-Features and Best Writing on Cinema. While selection for the
winners in Features and Non-Features is recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements in various categories, the
c o m
.
‘ Best Writing on Cinema’ section focuses on encouraging the study and appreciation of cinema as an art form and
s
dissemination of information and critical appreciation of the art form through the publication of various books, articles,
reviews, newspaper coverage and studies.
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Conclusion
k e
The National Film Awards hold a rich history as a prestigious recognition in Indian cinema. The awards ceremony not
n
only honors outstanding films but also pays tribute to industry legends.
126. When was the first National Film Awards held?
p r a
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(c) Chakkar
o
(a) 1947 (b) 1950 (d) Jhalak
(c) 1930 (d) 1954
T
129. The winners of the 69th National Film Awards were
127. Nargis was the first to win Best Actress Award for her announced at the National Media Center in which
performance in which movie? state? 6D0A
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(a) Mother India (b) Raat aur din (a) New Delhi (b) Haryana
(c) Deedar (d) Shree 420 (c) Punjab (d) Mumbai
128. Uttam Kumar was the first actor to win Best Actor 130. Who got 52nd Dadasaheb Phalke Award?
Award for which movie? (a) Amitabh Bacchhan (b) Asha Bhonsle
(a) Antony Firingee and Chiriyakhana (c) Asha Parekh (d) Dharmendra
(b) Akad 2

126. (d) The 1st Filmfare Awards were held on 21 March 1954, Delhi. The 69th National Film Awards took center
honoring the best in Hindi cinema in 1953. stage, unveiling a constellation of talented winners
127. (b) The first actor to win Best Actress Award was Nargis who have left an indelible mark on India's cinematic
for her performance in Raat Aur Din. landscape.
128. (a) Uttam Kumar won the Best Actor Award for Antony 130. (c) Veteran actor Asha Parekh is the 52nd recipient of the
Firingee and Chiriyakhana. Dada Saheb Phalke award, she was awarded for the
129. (a) The winners of the 69th National Film Awards were year 2020 in the year 2022 due to the Covid Pandemic
announced at the National Media Center in New for her majestic journey in the film industry.
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MADE IN INDIA COUGH SYRUP ISSUES AND NEW PHARMA
POLICY
Why in news
Asserting that India follows a zero-tolerance policy on spurious medicines, Union Health Minister has said 71 companies
have been issued show-cause notices following reports about deaths due to contaminated cough syrups made in the
country, and 18 of them have been asked to shut shop.
WHO and India Cough Syrup Issues

The WHO said that the tested samples of Guaifenesin TG syrup, made by Punjab-based QP Pharmachem Ltd, showed
"unacceptable amounts of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol. WHO had sounded a global alert and linked four cough
syrups made by Maiden Pharmaceuticals to the deaths of 66 children from kidney injuries in The Gambia. World Health
Organisation (WHO) has raised concerns over substandard cough syrups made in India, linked to 300 child deaths,
containing high levels of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol, posing health risks. The World Health Organization said
last year that the India-made cough syrups contained lethal toxins ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol – commonly
used in car brake fluid and other products not fit for human consumption.
c o m
.
Cough Syrup Issues
s
India is considering a change to its pharmaceutical industry policy after cough syrups made in the country were linked
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to the deaths of children overseas, according to a document from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's office, which noted
that "important things" about the industry had been "overlooked". A brainstorming session was held in the southern
k
manufacturing licence of a firm whose cough syrups were linked to 18 child deaths in Uzbekistan.
e
Indian city of Hyderabad "to find a solution to exported cough syrups that killed children. India cancelled the
Changes in Pharma Cough Syrup Issue
a n
Union Health Minister affirmed India's zero-tolerance policy on spurious medicines and reiterated its position as a
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quality pharmacy of the world. During a critical meeting, the ongoing extensive risk-based analysis was being conducted
p
to ensure the quality of medicines. India will never bargain on the quality of medicines. India is always on alert to ensure
no one dies of spurious drugs. Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) issued a notification stating that from June
o
1, India has made tests mandatory for cough syrups before they are exported. Cough syrup exporters will have to produce
a certificate of analysis issued by a government laboratory before it is exported.
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Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO):
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation is India's national regulatory
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and medical devices. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO) is under Directorate General of Health
Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is an act of the Parliament of India which regulates the import, manufacture and
distribution of drugs in India. The primary objective of the act is to ensure that the drugs and cosmetics sold in India
are safe, effective and conform to state quality standards.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
131. Who is the managing director of QP Pharmachem? (a) Mathura (b) Maharashtra
(a) Chitra Tripathi (b) Shweta Singh (c) Sikkkim (d) New Delhi
(c) Kartik Nath (d) Sudhir Pathak
134. Who is the Director General of WHO?
132. Who is the Drugs Controller General of India? (a) Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
(a) Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi (b) Tedros A. Ghebreyesus
(b) Rameshwar Kumar Yadav (c) Kristalina Georgieva
(c) Ashok Singh Thakur (d) Ajay Banga
(d) Sarveshwara singh
8T6M0T
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133. Where is the headquarter of Central Drugs Standard (a) Anshul Rehman (b) Mandeep Singh
Control Organisation? (c) Sh. Rajpal Yadav (d) Mansukh Mandaviya
49
131. (d) Directors of Q P Pharmachem Limited are Sudhir sub zonal offices, thirteen Port offices and seven
Pathak, Ashutosh Panday, Sujeet Pathak and Angad laboratories spread across the country.
Pathak. 134. (b) Tedros A. Ghebreyesus is the current Director-
132. (a) The government on 1st February 2023 appointed Dr. General of the World Health Organization (W. H.O.)
Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi as Drug Controller General 135. (d) Mansukh Laxmanbhai Mandaviya is an Indian
of India. The DCGI prepares and maintains the politician currently serving as the Minister of Health
national reference standard for drugs. and Family Welfare and Chemicals and Fertilizers
133. (d) Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation of India. He is also a Rajya Sabha member from
headquarter is located at FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, Gujarat.
New Delhi 110002 and also has six zonal offices, four
INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR ERADICATION OF POVERTY

Why in news
The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty was celebrated recently on October 17 2023.
c o m
Theme of International Day for Eradication of Poverty 2023
s .
This year's theme calls for universal access to decent work and social protection for all people, and to emphasize that
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decent work must empower people, provide fair wages and safe working conditions, and fundamentally recognize the
e
inherent value and humanity of all workers. Similarly, universal social protection is urgently needed to guarantee
income security for everyone, prioritizing society's most vulnerable members. The theme is also a call to political leaders
n k
and policymakers to use human dignity as the guiding compass in all decision-making processes, to ensure the
advancement of fundamental human rights and social justice over the pursuit of corporate profits.
a
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History of International Day for Eradication of Poverty
The observance of the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty can be traced back to 17 October 1987. On that
o p
day, over a hundred thousand people gathered at the Trocadéro in Paris, where the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights was signed in 1948, to honour the victims of extreme poverty, violence and hunger. They proclaimed that poverty
is a violation of human rights and affirmed the need to come together to ensure that these rights are respected. Since
T
then, people of all backgrounds, beliefs and social origins have gathered every year on October 17th to renew their
commitment and show their solidarity with the poor.
International Day for Eradication of Poverty

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October 17th presents an opportunity to acknowledge the effort and struggle of people living in poverty, a chance for
them to make their concerns heard, and a moment to recognize that poor people are the first ones to fight against
poverty. Participation of the poor themselves has been at the center of the Day's celebration since its very beginning.
The commemoration of October 17 th also reflects the willingness of people living in poverty to use their expertise to
contribute to the eradication of poverty.
Poverty
Poverty is a denial of human rights” for every individual. Indeed, poverty is utterly appalling. Not only does it lead to a
life of daily deprivation, hunger and suffering, but it also prevents the enjoyment of fundamental rights and freedoms,
which every human being should be able to enjoy without hindrance
Conclusion
As part of the UN family, UNDP is committed to push new boundaries to consign poverty to history. That is an approach
rooted in dignity where people take more precedence over profit.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
136. What is the theme of International Day for (a) Lord Lindley (b) George Washington
Eradication of Poverty 2023? (c) Antony Anant (d) Audrey Azoulay
(a) Decent Work and Social Protection: Putting
Dignity in Practice for All 139. Who is administrator of UNDP?
(b) Less Poverty and Eradication of Census (a) Antony Anant (b) Achim Steiner
(c) International Poverty Index (c) Audrey Azoulay (d) Mansukh Mandaviya
(d) Fight problems and get back to dignity
140. The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index is developed
137. Which SDG declares End Poverty in all its forms by which organisation?
everywhere? (a) Human Poverty Index Organisation
(a) SDG6 (b) SDG 1 (b) United Poverty Control
m
(c) SDG 2 (d) SDG 3 (c) Oxford Poverty and Human Development
(d) Growth and Develop Organisations
138. Who is the current Director General of UNESCO?
. c o
136. (a) International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2023
theme is 'Decent Work and Social Protection: Putting
Dignity in Practice for All.’
139.
r s
(b) Achim Steiner is a Brazilian-born environmentalist
e
who currently serves as the administrator of the
United Nations Development Programme and vice-
137. (b) The target of the first SDG proposed by the Open
Working Group (OWG) of Member States is to
“eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere”
by 2030.
a n k 140.
chair of United Nations Sustainable Development
Group.
(c) The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
was developed in 2010 by the Oxford Poverty &
138. (d) Audrey Azoulay is a French civil servant and
politician who has been serving as the Director-
p r
General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific
Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the
United Nations Development Programme and uses
health, education and standard of living indicators to
organization.
Why in news
T o
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) since 2017,
becoming the second female leader of the
SDG SUMMIT AND INDIA

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determine the incidence and intensity of poverty
experienced by a population.
Gathering at the SDG Summit on 18 to 19 September, world leaders agreed today to urgently step up their efforts to
deliver the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), our global roadmap out of crises, by 2030.
SDG Summit 2023

The 2023 SDG Summit took place on 18-19 September 2023. It marked the beginning of a new phase of accelerated
progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals with high-level political guidance on transformative and
accelerated actions leading up to 2030. It was convened by the President of the General Assembly, the Summit marked
the half-way point to the deadline set for achieving the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals. It was the
centerpiece of the High-level Week of the General Assembly. It responded to the impact of multiple and interlocking
crises facing the world and is expected to reignite a sense of hope, optimism, and enthusiasm for the 2030 Agenda.
Summit’s Leaders Dialogue

The Summit featured six “leaders dialogues” on: megatrends impacting the achievement of the SDGs; accelerating the
achievement of the SDGs: critical entry points; measures to leverage progress across the SDGs; localizing the SDGs;
partnerships for sustainable development; and the 2020-2030 vision.
Political Declaration
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The political declaration, adopted
Secretary-General to engage governments and stakeholders in generating solutions and accelerating action to address
51
systemic gaps in implementation, and to organize an annual moment to highlight inspiring action on the SDGs, in the
context of the UNGA general debate.
Sustainable Development Goals

In 2015, countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) . They embarked on a journey to achieve the
2030 Agenda to promote prosperity, address inequalities while protecting the environment. The 17 SDGs offer the most
practical and effective pathway to tackle the causes of poverty, violent conflict, human rights abuses, climate change
and environmental degradation.
India on SDGs
India is critical in determining the success of the SDGs, globally. The UN Country Team in India supports NITI Aayog,
Union ministries and state governments in their efforts to address the interconnectedness of the goals, to ensure that
no one is left behind and to advocate for adequate financing to achieve the SDGs.
m
Conclusion
At the SDG Summit and its preparatory processes, UN Human Rights is looking to spotlight human rights and human
rights approaches as game changers and problem-solving tools that provide fundamental levers for rescuing the 2030
Agenda and its SDGs, re-building trust, and delivering on a renewed social contract.
. c o
141. The 2023 SDG Summit took place on 18-19
September 2023 in?
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
e r s
(c) Good health and well-being
(d) The Future is Now: Science for Achieving
(a) Washington
(c) Toronto
(b) New York
(d) Paris
a n k 144.
Sustainable Development
Who is the High Commissioner for Human Rights
r
142. Who is the President of the current General UN?
Assembly? (a) Adolf Walker (b) Pratham Rajput
(a) Dennis Francis
(c) Srgjan Kerim
(b) Rytis Paulauskas
o
(d) António Guterres
p 145.
(c) Shreshth Turk (d) Volker Türk
How many SDGs are there?

143.
T
What is the title of SDG Summit?
(a) No poverty: Achieveing inclusive growth
(b) Zero hunger: Promoting Inclusive Development

(a) 15
(c) 17
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(b) 20
(d) 10
141. (b) The 2023 SDG Summit took place on 18-19 September 144. (d) The office of High Commissioner for Human Rights
2023 in New York. It marked the beginning of a new UN is divided into organizational units, headed by the
phase of accelerated progress towards the Sustainable High Commissioner, who holds the rank of UN
Development Goals. Under-Secretary-General, a four-year mandate.
142. (a) Dennis Francis is a diplomat from Trinidad and Volker Türk has held this position since 17 October
Tobago. On 1 June 2023 he was elected to serve as 2022.
President of the United Nations General Assembly at 145. (c) The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
its seventy-eighth session, beginning his term on 5 (SDGs) are 17 goals with 169 targets that all 191 UN
September 2023. Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the
143. (d) The title of SDG Summit is title The Future is Now: year 2030.
Science for Achieving Sustainable Development.
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52
INDIA 2+2 DIALOGUES
Why in news
India has a 2+2 dialogue, either at the level of senior officials or ministers, with close strategic partners such as the US,
Japan, Australia and Russia. Recently, India and the UK discussed the possibilities for collaboration in trade, investment,
defence, critical technologies and civil aviation during their maiden 2+2 foreign affairs and defence dialogue in New
Delhi.
India and UK 2+2 dialogue

The two sides discussed possibilities for further collaboration, particularly in trade and investment, defence, critical and
emerging technologies, civil aviation, health, energy, culture and strengthening the peoples’ connect, the external affairs
ministry said in a statement. India and the UK also considered the possibility of enhancing collaboration in counter-
terrorism, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief and maritime security. The officials exchanged assessments on
recent international developments, including in the Indo-Pacific region, in view of the shared vision of the two countries
for peace, stability and prosperity and for a “free, open and inclusive Indo-Pacific.
2+2 Dialogue
c o m
.
The 2+2 dialogue is a format of dialogue where the appointed defense or foreign minister or secretaries meet with their
s
counterparts from another country. The 2+2 dialogue happens at a diplomatic summit that has been held every year
r
since 2018. This meeting aims to discuss issues of strategic and security interest between the two countries.
India and US 2+2 Dialogue
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In the first Indo-US 2+2 dialogue held in 2018, the two sides further decided to establish secure communication between
n
the Minister of External Affairs of India and the U.S. Secretary of State and between the Minister of Defense of India
and the U.S. Secretary of Defense to help maintain regular high-level communication on emerging developments. This
a
meeting reaffirmed the U.S.'s designation of India as a "major defense partner." India was granted license-free exports,
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re-exports, and transfers under the License Exception Strategic Trade Authorization.
Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement
p
T o
COMCASA stands for Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement and is one of the four foundational
agreements that the U.S. signs with allies and close partners to facilitate interoperability between militaries and sale of
high end technology. India and the U.S. on September 6 signed the foundational or enabling agreement COMCASA on
the side-lines of the inaugural 2+2 dialogue.
Loss through 2+2 Dialogue

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In 2019, India started having 2+2 talks with Japan, which angered China. China is using many types of methods, including
military, diplomacy, and economic, to expand its influence. To deal with China, diplomacy, including economic policy
and the military, should be coordinated. That is loss through 2+2 dialogue. Communication with Australia began in
2021; the summit was held in New Delhi, with both countries sharing mutual interests with the United States and Japan
over China's ambitions.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
146. Fourth ‘2+2’ dialogue between India and the United (b) Geospatial Intelligence
States was held in? (c) Geographical Cooperation
(a) Toronto (b) Alaska (d) Exchange Organisation
(c) Washington DC (d) Georgia
149. General Security of Military Information Agreement
147. Who among the following is not a member of was signed in which year?
QUAD? (a) 2000 (b) 1990
(a) Japan (b) India (c) 2012 (d) 2002
(c) Australia (d) France
150. Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement was
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148. Basic Exchangetr-5U 2M7L5Q
and Cooperation Agreement signed in which year?
pertains to (a) 2002 (b) 2016
(a) Artificial Intelligence (c) 2014 (d) 2020
53
146. (c) S. Jaishankar went to Washington, D.C., on April 11, is gathered by closely examining satellite images and
2022, for the fourth India-U.S. 2+2 Ministerial other allied information.
Dialogue. The Dialogue was preceded by a virtual 149. (d) General Security of Military Information Agreement
meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and (GSOMIA) was signed in 2002, to facilitate sharing
President Joseph Biden. military intelligence between India and the USA.
147. (d) Quad comprises Japan, India, Australia, and the 150. (b) LEMOA (Logistics-Exchange Memorandum of
United States. France is not a member of QUAD. Agreement) is a significant agreement that
148. (b) The BECA agreement focuses on providing American strengthens and improves India-US military relations.
geospatial intelligence to India. Geospatial India and the United States signed the LEMOA
intelligence is the intelligence on human activity that agreement on 29 August 2016.
RIGHT TO REPAIR
Why in news?
The Ministry of Consumer Affairs (MCA) has set up a committee to come up with a Right to Repair framework. The
framework is significant as it will give consumers a chance to repair their products at an optimal cost instead of buying
c o m
new products altogether.
What is Right to Repair?
r s .
e
The Right to Repair (RtR) movement advocates for consumers' right to freely repair and modify their purchased
products. Properly implemented, the RtR policy can help achieve India's commitment to reach carbon neutrality by
k
2070 during its transition to a green economy. RtR has been gaining momentum across the globe as a reaction to
n
manufacturers making products harder to repair and designing them to become unusable quicker under the product
a
design philosophy of "planned obsolescence". The Motor Vehicle Owners' Right to Repair Act of 2012 in the USA is
r
credited with sparking the notion.
o p
What is India’s current situation in terms of e waste?
India generated around 16 lakh tonnes of e-waste in FY'22, of which less than one-third was recycled, the rest ending up
in landfills. Since the informal sector handles most waste management, there is a lack of monitoring and quality control
T
on waste management practices. This lack of quality control of waste management and large e-waste volume (third
largest in the world, after China and the US) hinders India's path towards carbon neutrality.
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GoI adopted the Lifestyle for the Environment (LiFE) initiative to promote sustainable production and consumption in
November 2021. Following this, a committee was set up in July 2022 by the Department of Consumer Affairs to create a
comprehensive policy around the right to repair. In December 2022, the Department of Consumer Affairs launched an
RtR portal to provide information to consumers about their products and facilitate the ease of accessing product repairs
by acting as a centralised repository of repair-related information.
As of October 2023, , the portal covers four sectors: farming equipment, consumer electronics (such as mobile, tablets
and printers), consumer durables (white goods such as fridges, washing machines and air conditioners), and automobile
equipment. Thirty-two companies operating in these four sectors have been onboarded on this portal as of October
2023. The portal provides information such as customer care numbers, publicly available warranty and post-sales service
information and service network details such as the location of service centres for the onboarded companies. The portal
also provides a centralised consumer grievance redressal mechanism by listing contact details from the Ministry of
Consumer Affairs to local district-level commissions for consumers to seek help at different levels of government.
E waste management in India

The Indian Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA) on August 28 released a report on ‘Pathways to Circular
Economy in Indian Electronics Sector,’ following a government effort with NITI Aayog to explore opportunities to
harness e-waste. The report talks about changing the outlook on e-waste management to build a system where
discarded electronics can have6Ma0T
new life, either by themselves, or by reintroducing components and precious metals
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into new hardware.
54
Legislations that deal with e waste
The Environment and Forests Hazardous Wastes (handling and Handling) Regulations of 2008 included provisions
for the handling of electronic trash in India. An important notification about the 2010 E-waste (Management and
Handling) Regulations, which are governed by the 1986 Environment (Protection) Act, was released in 2011. Its primary
feature was extended producer responsibility (EPR).
The E-waste (Management) Rules, 2016 were implemented in 2017 and included over 21 products (Schedule-I). It had
additional similar devices as well as Compact Fluorescent bulbs (CFLs) and other bulbs that contained mercury. Basel
convention started to address e-waste issues since 2002, when The Mobile Phone Partnership Initiative (MPPI) was
adopted by the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Basel Convention.
Consumer’s Rights
The Consumer Protection (Direct Selling) Rules, 2021 have been notified by the Central Government in the exercise of
the authority granted by clause (zg) of sub-section (2) of section 101 read with section 94 of the Consumer Protection
m
Act, 2019. All goods and services purchased or sold through direct selling, all direct selling models, all direct selling
entities providing goods and services to Indian consumers, all unfair trade practices across all direct selling models, and
any direct selling entity that is not based in India but provides goods and services to Indian consumers are all covered
by these rules.
. c o
s
The consumer movement marks 15th March with World Consumer Rights Day every year, as a means of raising global
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awareness about consumer rights and needs. Celebrating the day is a chance to demand that the rights of all consumers
e
are respected and protected, and to protest against market abuses and social injustices which undermine those
rights. This year's commemoration will centre around the subject "Empowering consumers through clean energy
transitions."
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a n k
r
151. The concept of ‘right to repair’ was originally (b) Promoting Sustainable Access to Consumers
originated from which country? through clean energy
(a) USA
(c) India
(b) UK
o
(d) Germany
p (c) The sustainable Consumer
(d) Empowering Consumers through clean energy
transitions
152.
organisation?
T
The report “Pathways to Circular Economy in the
Indian Electronics Sector” is published by which
(a) Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY)

(b) India Council for Research on International
Economic Relations (ICRIER)
154. Which country has the Best Recycling Rate for E-
Waste? 6D0A
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(a) Estonia
(c) USA
(b) Norway
(d) Iceland
(c) Indian Cellular and Electronics Association 155. Which of the following conventions deal with e
(ICEA) waste?
(d) Niti Ayog (a) Rio convention
(b) Basel Convention
153. What was the theme of the World Consumer Rights (c) The Framework convention on climate change
Day, 2023? (d) Vienna convention
(a) Affordable Access to Consumers

151. (a) The Ministry of Consumer Affairs (MCA) has set up a 152. (c) The Indian Cellular and Electronics Association
committee to come up with a Right to Repair (ICEA) on August 28 released a report on ‘Pathways
framework. The framework is significant as it will give to Circular Economy in Indian Electronics Sector,’
consumers a chance to repair their products at an following a government effort with NITI Aayog to
optimal cost instead of buying new products explore opportunities to harness e-waste.
altogether. The Motor Vehicle Owners' Right to 153. (d) On March 15, 2023, the Department of Consumer
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Repair Act of 2012
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2Mthe USA is credited with sparking Affairs observes World Consumer Rights Day. This
the notion. It mandated that manufacturers supply year's commemoration will centre around the subject
the paperwork and data needed enable any individual "Empowering consumers through clean energy
to do auto repairs on their vehicles.
55
transitions." Every year, India observes December 24 155. (b) At the Basel Convention on the Control of the Trans-
as National Consumer Day. boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste's ninth
154. (a) Estonia, Norway, and Iceland have the best electronic conference, the Nairobi Declaration was approved. Its
waste recycling rates in terms of the percentage of goal was to develop cutting-edge approaches to the
waste that each country produces, according to the environmentally responsible disposal of electronic
latest available data. trash.
ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT
Why in news?
Hamas fighters have killed more than 800 Israelis in assaults on multiple towns in southern Israel. In response, Israel
has launched a bombing campaign in the Gaza Strip, killing more than 500 Palestinians. It has mobilised troops along
the Gaza border, apparently in preparation for a ground attack.
History of the conflict
•
Israel is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to its west, Egypt to the south, Jordan and Syria to its east and Lebanon
to the north.
More than 100 years ago, on November 2, 1917, Britain’s then-foreign secretary, Arthur Balfour, wrote a letter
c o m
•
addressed to Lionel Walter Rothschild, a figurehead of the British Jewish community.
s .
It committed the British government to “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people”
r
and to facilitating “the achievement of this object”. The letter is known as the Balfour Declaration.
•
•
more than 90 percent of the population.
k e
In essence, a European power promised the Zionist movement a country where Palestinian Arab natives made up
A British Mandate was created in 1923 and lasted until 1948. During that period, the British facilitated mass Jewish
•
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immigration – many of the new residents were fleeing Nazism in Europe – and they also faced protests and strikes.
a
Palestinians were alarmed by their country’s changing demographics and British confiscation of their lands to be
handed over to Jewish settlers.
r
p
By 1947, the Jewish population had ballooned to 33 percent of Palestine, but they owned only 6 percent of the land.
• The United Nations adopted Resolution 181, which called for the partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states.
•
•
•
•
o
The Palestinians rejected the plan because it allotted about 55 percent of Palestine to the Jewish state, including
most of the fertile coastal region.
T
On May 15, 1948, Israel announced its establishment.
The following day, the first Arab-Israeli war began and fighting ended in January 1949 after an armistice between
Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
In December 1948, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 194, which calls for the right of return for
Palestinian refugees.
• On June 5, 1967, Israel occupied the rest of historic Palestine, including the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East
Jerusalem, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula during the Six-Day War against a coalition
of Arab armies.
• The first Palestinian Intifada erupted in the Gaza Strip in December 1987 after four Palestinians were killed when
an Israeli truck collided with two vans carrying Palestinian workers.
• Protests spread rapidly to the West Bank with young Palestinians throwing stones at Israeli army tanks and soldiers.
• It also led to the establishment of the Hamas movement, an off-shoot of the Muslim Brotherhood that engaged in
armed resistance against the Israeli occupation.
• The Intifada ended with the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993 and the formation of the Palestinian Authority
(PA), an interim government that was granted limited self-rule in pockets of the occupied West Bank and Gaza
Strip.
• The PLO recognised Israel on the basis of a two-state solution and effectively signed agreements that gave Israel
control of 60 percent of the West Bank, and much of the territory’s land and water resources.
• The PA was supposed to make way for the first elected Palestinian government running an independent state in the
West Bank and Gaza Strip with its capital in East Jerusalem, but that has never happened.
• The second Intifada began6M on September 28, 2000, when Likud opposition leader Ariel Sharon made a provocative
tr-5U2M7L 5Q8T 0T
visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound with thousands of security forces deployed in and around the Old City of
Jerusalem.
• Clashes between Palestinian protesters and Israeli forces killed five Palestinians and injured 200 over two days.
56
• The incident sparked a widespread armed uprising. During the Intifada, Israel caused unprecedented damage to
the Palestinian economy and infrastructure.
• Israel reoccupied areas governed by the Palestinian Authority and began construction of a separation wall that
along with rampant settlement construction, destroyed Palestinian livelihoods and communities.
Peace treaties
In 1979, Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty, ending 30 years of hostility. In 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
and Arafat shook hands on the Oslo Accords on limited Palestinian autonomy. In 1994, Israel signed a peace treaty with
Jordan. The Camp David summit of 2000 saw President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Arafat fail
to reach a final peace deal. In 2002, an Arab plan offered Israel normal ties with all Arab countries in return for a full
withdrawal from the lands it took in the 1967 Middle East war, creation of a Palestinian state and a "just solution" for
Palestinian refugees.Peace efforts have been stalled since 2014, when talks failed between Israelis and Palestinians in
Washington.
m
India- Israel relations
During the Kargil War, Israel was one of the few nations to directly support India. A number of significant weaknesses
in India's military and intelligence services were made evident during the Kargil conflict. India looked to Israeli
technology and support in an attempt to address these issues. Israel has since grown to be a significant supplier of
.
defense goods to India. Israel provided hardware through special jets as India was preparing to launch a military attack
c o
e s
against Pakistan in June 2002 as part of Operation Parakram, in retaliation for our attack on Parliament.
r
Though India voted against a UN resolution for the creation of Israel, once Israel is created, India officially recognised
Israel (in 1950). But full diplomatic ties were established only in 1992. India has long supported the creation of an
a n k
independent, sovereign, and viable state in Palestine and has believed in the two-state solution.
India's increasing friendship with Israel has not been hindered by its support for Palestine.
r
Nonetheless, the Indian government's response to Israel's treatment of the Palestinians has been less forceful over time.
India supported a UN resolution in 2014 that created a Commission of Inquiry to look into possible violations of human
Territories."
o p
rights and international humanitarian law that occurred during "Operation Protective Edge" in the "Occupied
On the sixth day of the Israel-Hamas war, the Indian government has launched ‘Operation Ajay‘ to repatriate Indians
156.
chartered flights.
T
from Israel and Palestine. Beginning Thursday (October 12), the government will bring back its citizens through special
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Which of the regions does not share its border with

Israel?
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
(c) Syria (d) Egypt
(a) Red Sea (b) Mediterranean Sea 159. Which operation was started by the Indian
(c) Jordan (d) Syria government to use specially chartered flights to
bring back Indians from Israel and Palestine?
157. Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (a) Operation Vijay (b) Operation Ajay
decided to formally recognise one another and give (c) Operation Kaveri (d) Operation Devi Shakti
up using violence under which of the following
agreements? 160. Which of the following conflicts resulted in seizing
(a) Oslo Accords (b) Abraham Accords of the Golan Heights (Syria), the West Bank, East
(c) UN Partition Plan (d) Camp David Accord Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, and Gaza Strip by Israel?
(a) Arab Israel war, 1984
158. Which of the following countries was the first Arab (b) Yom Kippur war, 1967
country to conclude a peace treaty with Israel? (c) Suez Crisis 1956
(a) Jordan (b) Lebanon (d) Balfour Declaration, 1917
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q
57
156. (a) Israel is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to its East." Egypt signed a peace pact with Israel, making it
west, Egypt to the south, Jordan and Syria to its east the first Arab nation to do so.
and Lebanon to the north. 159. (b) On the sixth day of the Israel-Hamas war, the Indian
157. (a) Palestinians revolted against Israel's control of Gaza government has launched ‘Operation Ajay’ to
and the West Bank in 1987. This event, known as the repatriate Indians from Israel and Palestine.
First Palestinian Intifada (an Arabic term meaning 160. (b) The Jewish declaration of independence from the
"shaking off"), resulted in hundreds of deaths. The surrounding Arab governments in 1948 led to an
Oslo Peace Accords, which were signed in 1993 and invasion. Israel possessed almost 50% more land at
again in 1995 by PLO leader Yasser Arafat and then the end of the war than the UN partition plan had
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, put an end to predicted. Israeli forces captured the Golan Heights
the Intifada. from Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from
158. (d) The Camp David Accords of 1978 ended the long- Egypt, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from
simmering conflict between Egypt and Israel and Jordan during the 1967 conflict also known as Yom
m
established the "Framework for Peace in the Middle Kippur war.
Why in news?
CHABAHAR PORT, INDIA- IRAN RELATIONS
. c o
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India and Iran have further narrowed differences on a proposed 10-year pact for operations at the strategic Chabahar
r
port, which is expected to be signed following political clearance from both sides, people familiar with the matter said
on Wednesday.
Chabahar Port
k e
Chabahar port is located in Iran’s southeastern Sistan and Baluchestan province. The port has a number of
n
distinguishing features that make it attractive from both a domestic and international perspective. Located on the edge
a
of the Indian Ocean, it is the only deep-sea port in Iran with direct ocean access. Its geographic proximity to countries
r
such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, as well as its status as a key transit center on the burgeoning International
p
North-South Transport Corridor, gives it the potential to develop into one of the most important commercial hubs in
the region. Chabahar is also one of the few places in Iran that is exempt from U.S. sanctions, which significantly
T o
simplifies trade procedures with other countries.
Chabahar port has the capacity to transform trade in South and Central Asia. The proposed land-based trade routes
linked to the port would facilitate greater access to the Afghan and Central Asian markets. The impact of this increased
connectivity has enormous implications for Afghanistan in particular, 8J6D0A
tr-5G2J7B5Aalthough the fallout from the Taliban’s rapid
takeover of the country could jeopardize these plans moving forward. Currently, Afghanistan conducts most of its trade
via routes through Pakistan; Chabahar port could provide an alternative trade outlet for the country. In turn, Chabahar
has the potential to generate massive economic growth in Afghanistan, as it would allow goods from other countries to
more easily enter the country and bolster its export potential.
International North South transport Corridor

The INSTC is a 7,200 kilometer multimodal transportation network that provides the quickest route of connectivity by
combining road, rail, and maritime travel.
It was founded on September 12, 2000, in St. Petersburg, Russia, and India with the intention of increasing Member
State cooperation in transportation.
It connects the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, the Caspian Sea, and Russia and Northern Europe.It will transport cargo
between Russia, Central Asia, India, Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Eleven additional countries have
joined the INSTC: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz
Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Turkey, the Republic of Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, the Oman,
the Syrian Arab Republic, and Bulgaria (Observer).
India and Iran Ties

India and Iran signed a friendship treaty on March 15, 1950. Before the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Shah of Iran
visited India twice (March 8T6M0T
2M7L5Q1956 and February 1978) and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited Iran in 1963. Prime
tr-5U
Minister Indira Gandhi and Prime Minister Morarji Desai visited Iran in April 1974 and June 1977 respectively. After the
58
Iranian Revolution, Prime Minister Narasimha Rao visited Iran in 1993 and President Rafsanjani paid a visit to India in
1995. Indian Vice President Shri K. R. Narayanan visited Iran in October 1996.
The trend was enhanced at the turn of the millennium with the visit of Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee to
Tehran in April 2001 wherein the two countries signed the “Tehran Declaration” which set forth the areas of possible
cooperation between the two countries. President Mohammad Khatami visited India from January 24-28, 2003 as the
Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade. Both sides signed “The New Delhi Declaration” which set forth the vision of
strategic partnership between India and Iran. Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh visited Iran to attend the 16 th Non-
Aligned Movement (NAM) Summit held in Tehran from August 28-31, 2012. Prime Minister met Supreme Leader
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and President Ahmadinejad.
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi paid a bilateral visit to Iran from May 22-23, 2016. Prime Minister called on the
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei and held delegation level talks with President Rouhani. A Joint Statement titled
“Civilizational Connect, Contemporary context” was released. 12 MoUs/Agreements were signed between India and Iran.
m
A Trilateral agreement on Transit and Transport was signed between India, Iran and Afghanistan in the presence of
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, President Dr. Hassan Rouhani and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani. Prime Minister
also inaugurated the International Conference titled “India-Iran two great civilizations” in Vahdat Hall, Tehran and
released a Persian Manuscript “Kalileh Wa Dimneh”.
. c o
s
Dr. Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran, paid his first State Visit to India from February 15-17, 2018. President Rouhani
r
was accompanied by a high-level delegation comprising Cabinet Ministers including Foreign Minister Javad Zarif and
e
Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh, senior officials and business leaders. He started his visit in Hyderabad, where he offered
Friday prayers at the Mecca Masjid mosque. Delegation level discussions were held between Prime Minister Shri
k
Narendra Modi and President Dr. Rouhani in New Delhi on 17 February. 13 MoUs/Agreements were signed during the
n
visit, prominent among them being the contract for interim operations of Chabahar port and MoU on Cooperation in
a
the field of Health and Medicine. A Joint Statement titled “Towards prosperity through greater connectivity” was signed
r
during the visit.
o p
India developed the Connect Central Asia Policy in 2012 in response to China's growing influence. It is a comprehensive
strategy that encompasses political, security, economic, and cultural ties.
161.
T
An additional route for trade with Afghanistan and
other countries is provided by Chabahar Port
decreasing India's dependence on which country?
(a) China (b) Pakistan
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
security,6Deconomic,
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
0A and cultural linkages launched
by the government of India in which year?
(a) 1991
(c) 2011
(b) 1995
(d) 2012
(c) Bangladesh (d) Nepal
164. The "Tehran Declaration" outlined potential areas of
162. International North South transport Corridor was collaboration between India and Iran was signed by
established in the year 2000 by which of the Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee in which of the following
following countries? years?
(a) Iran, Afghanistan and Russia (a) 1998 (b) 1999
(b) Iran, Bulgaria and Russia (c) 2000 (d) 2001
(c) India, Russia and Iran
(d) India, Iran and Afghanistan 165. Which of the following countries is the only observer
State of International North South transport
163. The Connect Central Asia Policy is an all- Corridor?
encompassing strategy that encompasses political, (a) Bulgaria (b) Belarus
(c) Oman (d) Syria
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q
59
161. (b) Historically, transit routes across Pakistan have been ties with the region, which has a long history of
essential to India's access to Afghanistan and Central shared history with India, was the main objective of
Asia. By providing a different route that avoids the Connect Central Asia initiative.
Pakistan, Chabahar Port helps India trade with 164. (d) On March 15, 1950, India and Iran signed a pact of
Afghanistan and other countries by lowering its friendship. When Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari
dependency on its neighbour. Vajpayee travelled to Tehran in 2001, he signed the
162. (c) Iran, Russia, and India founded this multimodal "Tehran Declaration," which outlined potential areas
transport system on September 12, 2000, in St. of mutual cooperation. It acknowledged the "dialogue
Petersburg, with the aim of fostering cooperation in among civilisations" concept put forth by the then-
transport among the member states. Eleven President of Iran, Mohammad Khatami, as a model of
additional countries have joined the INSTC: the international relations predicated on tolerance,
Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the pluralism, and respect for difference.
Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the 165. (a) INSTC is a multimodal transport system that Iran,
m
Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Turkey, the Russia, and India founded on September 12, 2000 in
Republic of Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, the St. Petersburg with the aim of fostering Member State
o
Oman, the Syrian Arab Republic, and Bulgaria cooperation in transport. The Republic of Azerbaijan,
c
(Observer). Republic of Armenia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz
.
163. (d) India developed the Connect Central Asia Policy in Republic, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Turkey,
s
2012 in response to China's growing influence. It is a Republic of Ukraine, Republic of Belarus, Oman,
comprehensive strategy that encompasses political, Syria, and Bulgaria (Observer) are the eleven new
security, economic, and cultural ties. Re-establishing
ALL ABOUT BRICS
k e r
members of the INSTC.
n
Why in news?
15th BRICS summit took place on August 22 to 24, 2023 at Johannesburg, South Africa under the theme ‘BRICS and
r a
Africa: Partnership for Mutually Accelerated Growth, Sustainable Development and Inclusive Multilateralism’. The
summit- with intense debate and discussion on issues such as; inclusive multiculturalism, sustainable development,
p
people to people exchange and institutional development- concluded by adopting a declaration titled ‘Johannesburg II
o
Declaration’.
T
BRICS
The leaders of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries met for the first time in St. Petersburg, Russia, on the
margins of G8 Outreach Summit in July 2006. Shortly afterwards, in September 0A 2006, the group was formalised as BRIC
5G2J7B5A8J6D
during the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, which met on tr- the sidelines of the General Debate of the UN Assembly
in New York City.After a series of high level meetings, the 1st BRIC summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia on 16 June
2009.
BRIC group was renamed as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) after South Africa was accepted as a full
member at the BRIC Foreign Ministers’ meeting in New York in September 2010. Accordingly, South Africa attended
the 3rd BRICS Summit in Sanya, China on 14 April 2011.
BRICS is an important grouping bringing together the major emerging economies from the world, comprising 41% of
the world population*, having 24% of the world GDP* and over 16% share in the world trade*. BRICS countries have
been the main engines of global economic growth over the years. Over a period of time, BRICS countries have come
together to deliberate on important issues under the three pillars of political and security, economic and financial and
cultural and people to people exchanges.
15th Summit of BRICS

The summit- with intense debate and discussion on issues such as; inclusive multiculturalism, sustainable development,
people to people exchange and institutional development- concluded by adopting a declaration titled ‘Johannesburg II
Declaration’. Expanding its membership from five to eleven nations, BRICS marked its 15th summit and demonstrated
a determined attempt to improve its international stature.With the addition of Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United
5Q8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7Land
Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Argentina, the BRICS group now has a larger presence in the Middle East, Africa, and
South America.
60
The Beijing Declaration adopted at the 14th BRICS Summit in 2022 paved the way for membership expansion. China
had proposed the “BRICS Plus” expansion plan in2017.
The first day of full membership will be January 1, 2024.The enlarged BRICS-11 is a less cohesive organization, with some
members experiencing crises and others prospering. This may indicate that topics other than economics will be covered.
With the addition of eleven new countries to its membership, BRICS had its 15th summit and showed a concerted effort
to raise its profile internationally.
The BRICS alliance now has a stronger foothold in the Middle East, Africa, and South America with the inclusion of
Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, and Argentina. January 1, 2024, is when full membership
will begin. The enormous economies and quick future growth rates of the original members of the BRIC group were
two of its traits.The expanded BRICS-11 is a less united group where some members are thriving while others are going
through crises. This could mean that subjects other than economics are going to be discussed.
India and BRICS
m
As a formal grouping, BRIC started after the meeting of the Leaders of Russia, India and China in St. Petersburg on the
margins of G8 Outreach Summit in 2006. The grouping was formalized during the 1st meeting of BRIC Foreign Ministers
on the margins of UNGA in New York in 2006. The 1st BRIC Summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in 2009. It was
agreed to expand BRIC into BRICS with the inclusion of South Africa at the BRIC Foreign Ministers’ meeting in New
.
York in 2010. Accordingly, South Africa attended the 3rd BRICS Summit in Sanya in 2011. Fourteen BRICS Summits have
c o
taken place so far. The 15th BRICS Summit was hosted by South Africa during its Chairmanship in 2023.
e r s
BRICS cooperation has two mechanisms of cooperation– consultation on issues of mutual interest through meetings of
Leaders and Ministers and practical cooperation through meetings of Senior Officials in a number of areas including
k
Trade, Finance, Health, Education, Science & Technology, Agriculture, Environment, Energy, Labour, Disaster
n
Management, Anti-Corruption, Anti-Drugs, etc. BRICS Business-to-Business engagement is through Business Forum
a
and Business Council. BRICS Leaders’ Summit level engagements are usually held twice a year at the BRICS Summits
r
and on the margins of G20 Summits. Meetings are also held on the sidelines of multilateral events. Other BRICS
exchanges can broadly be categorized as Parliamentary Exchanges, Working Groups/SOMs/Experts’ Meets,
o p
Seminars/Conferences, Business, People-to-people exchanges and Track II.
India’s BRICS Chairship and 14th BRICS Summit 6. India took over the BRICS Chairship from Russia in January 2021 and
T
held it until 31 December 2021. India’s BRICS Chairship in 2021 coincided with the 15th anniversary of BRICS, making it
an opportune moment to review its work for greater efficiency and relevance. The theme and approach for India’s BRICS
Chairship was “BRICS@15: Intra BRICS Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A and Consensus”. The Priorities for
India’s Chairship in 2021 included the following: Reform of the Multilateral System, Counter Terrorism Cooperation,
Digital and Technological Tools for Achieving SDGs, Enhancing People to People Exchanges. BRICS Summit 2022 8.
China hosted the 14th BRICS Summit on 23-24 June 2022 in a virtual format. Hon’ble Prime Minister led the Indian
delegation for the Summit. During the XIV BRICS Summit, the ’Beijing Declaration’ was adopted. BRICS Foreign
Ministers’ Meeting. The BRICS Foreign Ministers Meeting took place on 19 May 2022 in virtual format with adoption of
the Joint Statement. BRICS Foreign Ministers also met on the sidelines of UNGA in New York on 22 September 2022
and adopted a Media Statement.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
166. What was the theme of the 15th BRICS Summit that 167. Which of the following nations is not a part of the
was recently hosted by South Africa? countries that will permanently join the BRICS on
(a) BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Mutually January 1, 2024?
Accelerated Growth, Sustainable Development (a) Egypt (b) Syria
and Inclusive Multilateralism. (c) Saudi Arabia (d) Argentina
(b) BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Inclusivity
and Diversity in International Relations. 168. Which of the following BRICS nation had proposed
(c) BRICS and Africa: Global Partnerships for the BRICS plus expansion in the year 2017?
Sustainable Futures 5Q8T6M0T (a) India (b) China
5U2M7L
(d) BRICS andtr- Africa: Shared Prosperity, (c) Russia (d) South Africa
Sustainable Development and Inclusive Growth.
61
169. BRIC was formally established at the inaugural BRIC 170. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is
Foreign Ministers' meeting in which year? located in which city?
(a) 2001 (b) 2003 (a) Shanghai (b) Moscow
(c) 2005 (d) 2006 (c) Brasilia (d) New Delhi

166. (a) The 15th BRICS summit, which South Africa is hosting enhance the voice of the global south in international
in Johannesburg, is very important given the current affairs. The Beijing Declaration adopted at the 14th
state of world politics and the dynamics of the global BRICS Summit in 2022 paved the way for membership
economy. "BRICS and Africa: Partnership for expansion. China had proposed the “BRICS Plus”
Mutually Accelerated Growth, Sustainable expansion plan in2017.
Development, and Inclusive Multilateralism" is the 169. (d) The world's top emerging economies—Brazil, Russia,
theme of the 15th BRICS Summit. India, China, and South Africa—are together referred
167. (b) With the addition of Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, and Argentina, the
BRICS group now has a larger presence in the Middle
East, Africa, and South America. The first day of full m
to as BRICS. The term "BRIC" was first used in 2001 by
o
British economist Jim O'Neill to refer to the four
emerging economies of China, India, Russia, and
c
Brazil. The bloc was formally established in 2006 at
168.
membership will be January 1, 2024.
(b) The principles set forth in the BRICS Sanya
Declaration of 2011 are aimed at increasing
170.
.
the inaugural BRIC Foreign Ministers' meeting.
s
(a) It is a multilateral development bank that South
r
Africa, Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRICS) set up.
e
engagement and cooperation with non-BRICS The bank's headquarters is in Shanghai, China.
countries, in particular developing countries, and to
TAIWAN INVESTMENT IN TAMILNADU AND INDIA-TAIWAN

RELATIONS
a n k
Why in news?
p r
High Glory Footwear India Private Limited, a subsidiary of Taiwan-based Pou Chen Corporation on Monday, April 17,
o
2023 signed an MoU worth ₹2,302 crore with the Government of Tamil Nadu to set up a non-leather footwear
manufacturing unit at the SIPCOT Industrial Park, Ulundurpettai, in Kallakurichi district.
T
Taipei Economic and Cultural Centre (TECC)
5G
The decision to establish Taipei Economic and Cultural Centretr-(TECC)
as Taiwan’s aim to expand overall cooperation between the two nations.
2J7B5A8J6D0A
in India’s commercial capital, Mumbai, is seen
Also, the move to set up the TECC in Mumbai comes at a time when major companies in Taiwan are increasingly looking
at relocating their production bases to India from China. The TECC was the first of its kind in South Asia, having been
founded in New Delhi, India, in 1995. Later, in 2012, Taiwan opened a second TECC in Chennai. Currently, India has the
India-Taipei Association (ITA) office in Taipei. These facilities function as de facto missions and are responsible for
promoting cooperation in trade, investment, tourism, education, and science and technology in both the countries. In
a statement, Taiwan’s foreign ministry said the establishment of a TECC in Mumbai is aimed at further advancing
“substantive ties” with India and deepening exchanges and cooperation.
How will it help India- Taiwan ties?

India has been keen on having production facilities of leading Taiwanese companies, including chip producers such as
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) which is world’s largest chipmaker. Taiwanese foreign
minister issued a statement saying that the decision to set up the TECC in Mumbai was taken in view of “significant
progress” witnessed in cooperation between India and Taiwan in areas of trade, critical supply chains, science and
technology, culture, and education in recent years.
“Chennai and its surrounding areas have thus benefited from the investments made by Taiwanese manufacturing
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q of the TECC in Mumbai is expected to have a similar effect in western India,” Taiwanese
industries. The establishment
foreign ministry added. Around five years back, New Delhi and Taipei signed a landmark bilateral investment pact
seeking to protect Taiwanese investment in India.
62
Trade volume between both the countries increased from USD 2 billion in 2006 to USD 8.9 billion in 2021. Taiwan
foreign ministry also mentioned about India’s increasing economic prowess and demographic dividend. “India became
the world’s fifth-largest economy in 2022, and becomes the most populous nation this year. With its enormous market
and related business opportunities, India has emerged as a major investment destination for global enterprises,” the
ministry said. “Furthermore, the TECC in Mumbai will provide visa services, document authentication, and emergency
assistance to businesspeople, tourists, and Taiwanese nationals in the states of Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, and Madhya
Pradesh, as well as the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu,” the statement said.
India- Taiwan ties

India does not have formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan yet, as it follows the One-China policy. However, during then
Chinese premier Wen Jiabao’s visit to India in December 2010, India did not mention support for the One-China policy
in the joint communique. Taiwan’s relations with India have increased in breadth — spanning trade, research and
academia — as well depth — trade ties amounted to $7.5 billion in 2019, up from $1 billion in 2000. The Taiwanese
government has a representative office, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in India (TECC), responsible for
facilitating collaboration on education, tourism, culture, the media, and economic development. Taiwan’s increased
investments have occurred in the face of cultural challenges, bureaucratic hurdles, and pressure on India from domestic
producers.
c o m
.
Taiwan’s relations with India have increased in breadth — spanning trade, research and academia — as well depth —
s
trade ties amounted to $7.5 billion in 2019, up from $1 billion in 2000. The Taiwanese government has a representative
r
office, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in India (TECC), responsible for facilitating collaboration on education,
tourism, culture, the media, and economic development. In 2018, a bilateral investment agreement was reached between
Taiwan and India.
k e
Taiwan’s increased investments have occurred in the face of cultural challenges, bureaucratic hurdles, and pressure on
n
India from domestic producers. Taiwan - the Republic of China (ROC), home to twenty-three million people, is an
island off the southern coast of China that has been governed independently from mainland China since 1949.
a
Enhancing Taiwan-India relations is consistent with the Taiwanese government’s efforts to decrease economic reliance
r
on China and with President Tsai Ing-wen’s New Southbound Policy (NSP), which improves upon the efforts of several
p
of her predecessors. . India's supremacy in ITES (Information Technology-Enabled Services) can be supplemented by
Taiwan's position as the global leader in semiconductors and electronics.
T o
Taiwanese businesses are increasingly interested in shifting business ties from China to India and policies that facilitate
such cooperation could provide mutual benefits. Taiwan’s goals are shared with those of successive Indian
administrations, including that of current Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which seeks to increase ties with East Asian
countries other than China. Modi has even suggested the possibility
tr-5G2J7B a 8J
of5A 6D0A
free trade agreement with Taiwan — through
this decision is not without precedent as Taiwan maintains economic cooperation agreements (ECAs) with New Zealand
and Singapore, both unofficial relationships. Strengthening Taiwan-India ties within the rubric of the NSP also overlaps
with Taiwan’s relationships with Australia, United States, and Japan. Because these three countries, along with India,
have formed an Indo-Pacific entente cordiale called the “Quad” to maintain a rules-based order in the region, Taiwan-
India ties can benefit from the positive synergy of collaboration in areas of trade, research, and even defense.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
171. In which city was the first Taipei Economic and (c) Plastics and rubbers
Cultural Centre (TECC) set up in India? (d) Machinery
(a) New Delhi (b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai (d) Ahmedabad 174. Taiwan - the Republic of China (ROC) has been
governed independently from mainland China since
172. India and Taiwan had signed a bilateral investment which year?
agreement in which of the following year? (a) 1925 (b) 1945
(a) 2015 (b) 2016 (c) 1949 (d) 1950
(c) 2017 (d) 2018
175. Recently, the Tamil Nadu government has signed
173. Taiwan is the world leader in manufacturing
8T6M 0T which Memorandum of Understanding with which of the
tr-5U2M7L5Q
of the following products? Taiwan based Corporation?
(a) Textiles (a) High glory footwear (b) Apache
(b) Semiconductors (c) Feng Tay (d) Hong Fu
63
171. (a) The TECC was the first of its kind in South Asia, 174. (c) Taiwan - the Republic of China (ROC), home to
having been first opened in New Delhi, India, in twenty-three million people, is an island off the
1995. Later, in 2012, Taiwan opened a second southern coast of China that has been governed
independently from mainland China since 1949.
TECC in Chennai.
172. (d) In 2018, a bilateral investment agreement was reached 175. (a) The Tamil Nadu government on Monday signed a
between Taiwan and India. memorandum of understanding (MoU) with footwear
173. (b) India's supremacy in ITES (Information Technology- maker High Glory Footwear, a subsidiary of
Enabled Services) can be supplemented by Taiwan's Taiwan-based Pou Chen Corporation, for an
position as the global leader in semiconductors and investment of Rs 2,302 crore in the state.
electronics.
RTI ONLINE PORTAL INFORMATION MISSING
m
Why in. news
Hundreds of application records have gone missing from the RTI Online portal of the union government, a platform
frequently utilized by citizens to submit requests for government information. This disappearance has been verified by
numerous RTI activists.
. c o
Historical Background:
r s
The Freedom of Information Act, 2002, India's first government law pertaining to the freedom to information, was
e
approved on December 4, 2002, although no notice was given. The National Advisory Council (NAC), which the United
k
Progressive Alliance (UPA) administration created in 2004, made several recommendations for modifications to the
Freedom of Information Act of 2002.
a n
The modified "The Right to Information Act, 2005" was approved by the Lok Sabha on May 11, 2005, and the Rajya Sabha
r
on May 12, 2005. The Act became operative on October 12, 2005, after the President of India given his approval on June
p
15, 2005. Sweden is the very first country to provide freedom of information to its citizens through the Freedom of Press
Act, which came into force in 1766. After a series of other countries such as Finland, the USA, Denmark, France, Canada,
What is RTI Act, 2005
T o
New Zealand and so on, India implemented the Right to Information Act in 2005.
An important addition to the Indian constitution is the RTI Act of 2005, which permits anyone, wherever in the country,
to request and obtain information on any subject. The Indian parliament 6D0A
tr-5G2J7B5A8Jpassed the Right to Information Act to grant
the public access to documents kept by the federal and state governments. The parliament passed this act in June 2005,
and it became operative in October of the same year. Ensuring accountability and openness is made possible by the RTI
Act of 2005, which is in compliance with Article 19(1)(a) of the constitution.
The Act has established a three tier structure for enforcing the right to information guaranteed under the Act. Public
Authorities designate some of their officers as Public Information Officers. The first request for information goes to
Central/State Assistant Public Information Officer and Central/State Public Information Officer, designated by the
Public Authorities. These Officers are required to provide information to an RTI applicant within 30 days of the
request. Appeals from their decisions go to an Appellate Authority. Appeals against the order of the Appellate
Authority go to the State Information Commission or the Central Information Commission. These Information
Commissions consists of a Chief Information Commissioner, and up to 10 Information Commissioners.
- Every public authority is required by Section 4 of the RTI Act to disclose information on their own initiative.
- Exemptions from the RTI Act's requirement to provide information are mentioned in Section 8 (1).
- If a greater public interest is served, Section 8(2) permits the release of material exempted by the Official Secrets
Act of 1923.
- The Act also allows for the Central and State level nomination of Information Commissioners.
- A few of its officers have been named Public Information Officers by the authorities. When someone requests
information under the RTI
tr-5U2M7L5Q
8T6MAct,
0T they have an obligation to provide it.
- Normally, a public entity will provide information to an applicant within 30 days after receiving their application.
- Information that is requested that pertains to someone's life or freedom must be provided within 48 hours.
64
- If the application is addressed to the incorrect public authority or via the Assistant Public Information Officer, there
will be an additional five days added to the thirty or forty-eight-hour period, whichever applies
- A citizen may file an appeal with the First Appellate Authority within the same public authority if their RTI request
is turned down or if they are dissatisfied with the PIO's response.
- The Central or State Information Commission may receive a second appeal from a citizen if they remain dissatisfied
with the First Appellate Authority's ruling.
- ‘Public Authorities’ include bodies of self-government established under the Constitution, or under any law or
government notification.
- For instance, these include Ministries, public sector undertakings, and regulators.
- It also includes any entities owned, controlled or substantially financed and non-government organizations
substantially financed directly or indirectly by funds provided by the government.
What is RTI Amendment Act, 2019

- The RTI Act (Amendment) Act of 2019 gives the federal and state governments the authority to regulate the pay
m
and working conditions of information commissioners.
- By amending Section 13 of the RTI Act, 2005, the federal government will now prescribe the five-year term that was
previously specified for the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and Information Commissioners (IC). (or, if that
happens sooner, until you become 65).
.
- The salary and allowances of the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and Information Commissioners (IC) will
c o
henceforth be set by the federal government;
r s
- previously, they were the same as those of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Election Commissioners
e
(EC). Section 16 addresses the Chief Information Commissioner and state-level Information Commissioners.
176. The Right to Information Act had replaced which of
a n k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(a) State Information Commission
r
the following acts? (b) High Court
(a) Freedom of Information Act, 2002 (c) First Appellate Authority
(b) Access to Information Act, 2010
o
(c) Access to Public Records Act, 2002
(d) Freedom to information act, 2005
p 179.
(d) Supreme Court
What section of the RTI Act, 2005 makes provisions
177.
their application?
(a) 15 days
(c) 45 days
T
Information must be provided to an applicant within
how many days of the public authority receiving
(b) 30 days
(d) 60 days
for information that is exempt from disclosure under
the Act?
(a) Section
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180.
6D0A2(5)
(c) Section 2(1)
(b) Section 8(1)
(d) Section 8(5)
Which was the first country to adopt freedom of

information act?
178. A citizen may file an appeal with which of the (a) Norway (b) Finland
following forums, if their RTI request is turned down (c) Sweden (d) Denmark
or if they are dissatisfied with the Public Information
Office (PIO) response?
176. (a) A legal framework known as the Right to 178. (c) A citizen may file an appeal with the First Appellate
Information (RTI) Act gives Indian residents the Authority within the same public authority if their
ability to access data that is kept by RTI request is turned down or if they are dissatisfied
with the PIO's response. The Central or State
governmental bodies. It has replaced the
Information Commission may receive a second
Freedom of Information Act, 2002
appeal from a citizen if they remain dissatisfied with
177. (b) Normally, a public entity will provide the First Appellate Authority's ruling.
information to an applicant within 30 days after 179. (b) The RTI Act's Section 8(1) lists the types of
receiving their application.
tr-5U2M7L5Q
8T6MInformation
0T that is information that are exempt from disclosure under
requested that pertains to someone's life or the Act; these include data pertaining to international
freedom must be provided within 48 hours. relations, national security, state strategy, and
incitement to crime.
65
180. (c) Sweden is the very first country to provide freedom of Denmark, France, Canada, New Zealand and so on,
information to its citizens through the Freedom of India implemented the Right to Information Act in
Press Act, which came into force in 1766. After a series 2005.
of other countries such as Finland, the USA,
DIGITAL HEALTH REVOLUTION IN INDIA

Why in news?
The National Health Authority (NHA) had announced 100 Microsites project for accelerated adoption of Ayushman
Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) across the country. Mizoram becomes the first state in India to operationalize an ABDM
Microsite in its capital city Aizawl.
What is microsite project?

Under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), the National Health Authority (NHA) has initiated the 100
Microsites Project in an effort to encourage the adoption of digital health and, as a result, increase access to healthcare
m
for everyone. In the context of ABDM, a microsite is a collection of all small- and medium-sized clinics, nursing homes,
hospitals (ideally with fewer than 10 beds), labs, pharmacies, and other healthcare institutions that are equipped with
ABDM technology and provide patients with digital health services.
.
The National Health Authority would provide the financial resources and general direction for the establishment of
c o
s
these websites, which would be implemented primarily by State Mission Directors of the Ayushman Bharat Digital
r
Mission across the nation in various states and UTs.
k e
The Microsites seek to create a small ecosystem in a specific region where all ABDM treatments are fully implemented
and the patient journey is fully digitalized. To set up and manage the microsite, the State/UT may work with an
n
interacting agency and a development partner.
a
All healthcare facilities and professionals working in various medical systems, particularly in the private sector, must
r
register on the website using ABDM modules such as the Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR) and the Health
p
Facility Registry (HFR). This must be done after installing ABDM-capable applications. Patients who visit these centers
will also become members of ABDM, with their medical records connected to their ABHA and available to them via
National Health Policy, 2017
T o
mobile applications like as Aarogya Setu and the ABHA App.
Article 246 pertains to the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, which enumerates the Union List, State List,
and Concurrent List. These lists delineate the respective powertr-allocations
a state subject under the Indian Constitution.
5G2J7B5A8J6D
0A
between the Union and the States. Health is
The primary aim of the National Health Policy, 2017, is to inform, clarify, strengthen and prioritize the role of the
Government in shaping health systems in all its dimensions- investments in health, organization of healthcare services,
prevention of diseases and promotion of good health through cross sectoral actions, access to technologies, developing
human resources, encouraging medical pluralism, building knowledge base, developing better financial protection
strategies, strengthening regulation and health assurance.
NHP 2017 builds on the progress made since the last NHP 2002. The developments have been captured in the document
“Backdrop to National Health Policy 2017- Situation Analyses”, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of
India. The National Health Agency was replaced by National health Authority, which has been operating as a registered
society since May 23, 2018.
Objectives:
- Increase Life Expectancy at birth from 67.5 to 70 by 2025.
- Establish regular tracking of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) Index as a measure of burden of disease and its
trends by major categories by 2022.
- Reduction of TFR to 2.1 at national and sub-national level by 2025.
- Reduce Under Five Mortality to 23 by 2025 and MMR from current levels to 100 by 2020.
6M0T
5U2M7L5Q8T
- Reduce infanttr-mortality rate to 28 by 2019.
- Reduce neo-natal mortality to 16 and still birth rate to “single digit” by 2025.
- Reduction of disease prevalence/ incidence
66
- Achieve global target of 2020 which is also termed as target of 90:90:90,for HIV/AIDS i.e,- 90% of all people living
with HIV know their HIV status, - 90% of all people diagnosed with HIV infection receive sustained antiretroviral
therapy and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will have viral suppression.
- Achieve and maintain elimination status of Leprosy by 2018, Kala-Azar by 2017 and Lymphatic Filariasis in endemic
pockets by 2017.
- To achieve and maintain a cure rate of >85% in new sputum positive patients for TB and reduce incidence of new
cases, to reach elimination status by 2025.
- To reduce the prevalence of blindness to0.25/1000by2025 and disease burden by one third from current levels.
- To reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by
25% by 2025.
- Increase health expenditure by Government as a percentage of GDP from the existing 1.15 to 2.25% by 2025.
Ayushmaan Bharat Digital mission

The Satyanarayana committee suggested creating a National Digital Health Blueprint. In order to build a digital
m
healthcare ecosystem for healthcare services across the nation, the National Digital Mission Blueprint suggested the
creation of an organization known as the National Digital Health Mission.
On September 27, 2021, the Prime Minister used a video conference to officially launch the Ayushman Bharat Digital
.
Mission (ABDM). Dignitaries in attendance included Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar, Minister of State for Health and Family
c o
s
Welfare, and Shri Mansukh Mandaviya, Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare. Hospitals around the nation will
r
be able to communicate with one another using the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission's digital health solutions. The
e
Mission will not only streamline hospital procedures but also improve quality of life. A plethora of additional services,
such as digital consultation and patient consent for medical professionals to view their records, will also be made
possible by the digital ecosystem.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a n k
r
181. Which of the following has become the first state to (a) 1.5% (b) 2.5%
operationalise Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (c) 3% (d) 4.5%
(ABDM) microsite?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Mizoram
o
(b) Assam
(d) Arunachal Pradesh
p 184. Which committee had suggested for a National
Digital Health Blueprint, creating the digital health
182.
(a) Health Protection Agency

(b) Public health Authority
(c) National healthcare Agency
T
Which of the following bodies is a predecessor to the
National Health Authority?
mission?
(a) Satyanarayan Committee
(b) Chadha
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A Committee
(c) Narayan Murty Committee
(d) Satya Murty Committee
(d) National Health Agency 185. Health comes under the purview of which of the
following lists in the Indian Constitution?
183. The National Health policy, 2017 proposes to raise (a) State list (b) Union List
public health expenditure to what percentage of the (c) Concurrent list (d) Residuary list
GDP by 2025?

181. (c) The "100 Microsites" project, announced by the 184. (a) To establish the fundamentals and a plan of action for
National Health Authority (NHA), intends to a digital health mission, the Satyanarayana
accelerate the implementation of the Ayushman committee suggested creating a National Digital
Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) throughout India. Health Blueprint. In order to build a digital healthcare
Being the first state to operationalize an ABDM ecosystem for healthcare services across the nation,
Microsite in its capital city of Aizawl, Mizoram has the National Digital Mission Blueprint suggested the
accomplished a tremendous feat. creation of an organization known as the National
182. (d) The National Health Agency was replaced by National Digital Health Mission.
health Authority, 7L5Q8T
which has 0T
6Mbeen operating as a 185. (a) The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution contains
tr-5U2M
registered society since May 23, 2018. three lists that indicate the subject-by-subject
183. (b) The National Health policy proposes raising public allocation of legislative power. Health is a state
health expenditure to 2.5% of the GDP by 2025. subject under the Indian Constitution.
67
NANO DAP
Why in news?
Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah launched IFFCO Nano DAP (Liquid) at New Delhi .
Several dignitaries including Secretary, Ministry of Cooperation, Shri Gyanesh Kumar, and Chairman, IFFCO, Shri Dilip
Sanghani were present on the occasion.
Why Nano Dap?

The use of granular urea damages the land as well as the crop and the health of the people. He said that farmers have
the maximum capacity to accept any new changes. The effect of one bottle of 500 ml on the crop is equivalent to that
of 45 kg bag of granular urea.
Due to it being a liquid, the land will be minimally contaminated by chemicals. Earthworms themselves work like a
fertilizer factory when they are in good quantity. By using liquid DAP and liquid urea, the farmers can increase the
m
number of earthworms in their land and move towards natural farming without reducing production and income. This
will also help in conserving the land. Shri Shah said that in a country like India, where 60 percent of the population is
still associated with agriculture and its related businesses, this revolutionary step will take agriculture a long way in the
coming days and make India self-sufficient in the field of food production and fertilizers.
. c o
s
After the introduction of liquid Nano DAP and liquid Nano Urea, due to the efforts of IFFCO, the first Nano DAP
r
(Liquid) has been launched in the world today. IFFCO has registered a patent, under which IFFCO will get 20% royalty
e
on the sale of Liquid Urea and Liquid DAP anywhere in the world for 20 years which is revolutionary step. Shri Amit
Shah said that IFFCO has done extraordinary work in taking scientific research to the agriculture fields through 'Lab to
Land' approach.
What is Nano Dap
a n k
r
Nano DAP LIQUID is a unique foliar formulation that supplies nano Nitrogen (8.0 per cent) and Phosphorus (16.0 per
cent) to crops. It is suitable for all crops as Seed Primer, Growth Enhancer, Productivity and Quality Booster. Nano DAP
o p
use efficiency is more than 90 per cent under optimum conditions. Application of nano DAP reduces the requirement
of conventional DAP and other phosphatic fertilizers while decreasing farmers' input cost as well as the pollution of
Soil, Air and Water. Its benefits are that it increases seed germination and improves root development along with
T
reducing fertilizer cost and increasing farmers' income, according to ANI report.
Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) is the second most widely consumed fertiliser after urea in the country. Nano liquid
tr-5G2J7B 5A8J6D0A
urea was launched two years ago by the Indian Farmers and Fertiliser Cooperative (IFFCO), but still, not much is known
about the fertiliser. Now, even the ingredients in the fertiliser are a mystery.
While farmers report no effect on the yield and higher input costs with using it, research data for at least three years for
even a single crop is not available for the nano fertiliser.
IFFCO claimed a 500-millilitre spray bottle of nano urea can allegedly substitute a full 45-kilogramme bag of the
conventional fertiliser. A 45 kg bag of urea costs around Rs 3,000 and is sold to farmers at a subsidised cost of Rs 242. A
500 ml bottle of nano urea used to cost Rs 240 and currently is sold at Rs 225 per bottle.
Nano Urea
Nano Urea is a Nanofertilizers that contains nano nitrogen particles of size range (20-50 nm) dispersed in water. Total
nitrogen concentration in one bottle of Nano Urea (liquid) is 4 % (40,000 ppm). In a series of tweets, Shobha Karandlaje,
Union Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare, explained why this is going to be a game changer. Earlier,
whenever a poor farmer had to bring home urea to use it for cultivation, they had to bring it on their own, from miles
away, carrying it on their bicycle. 'Nano Urea' was introduced as a liquid in 2021 by the Indian Farmers Fertiliser
Cooperative Limited (IFFCO). In Kalol, Gujarat, the first Liquid Nano Urea (LNU) facility was opened.
This process would entirely exhaust them - given the conditions of the roads earlier, she said.
PM Fasal Bima Yojana 5Q8T6M0T

tr-5U2M7L
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) aims to support production in agriculture by providing affordable crop
insurance to ensure comprehensive risk cover for crops of farmers against all non-preventable natural risks from pre-
sowing to post-harvest stage, on an ‘Area Approach Basis’.
68
• Provides comprehensive insurance coverage against crop loss on account of non-preventable natural risks, thus
helping in stabilizing the income of the farmers and encouraging them for adoption of innovative practices.
• Increased risk coverage of Crop cycle viz. pre-sowing to post-harvest losses.
• Area approach for settlement of claims for widespread damage. Notified Insurance unit has been reduced to
Village/Village Panchayat for major crops.
• Actuarial/bidded premium but uniform maximum premium of only 2 per cent, 1.5 per cent and 5 per cent to be paid
by farmers for all Kharif crops, Rabi Crops and commercial/ horticultural crops respectively. Premium over and
above these limits is shared by the Central and State Governments on 50:50 basis except in North Eastern Region
where it is 90:10.
• The difference between premium and the rate of insurance charges payable by farmers is provided as subsidy and
shared equally by the Centre and State.
Nutrients Based Subsidy Scheme

On 22nd April 2020, the Indian Government fixed Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) rates for Potassium and Phosphatic
m
fertilizers. The 2010 Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) Program for Fertilizers was launched. With the exception of urea,
each grade of subsidized phosphoric and potassium (P&K) fertilizers receives a set amount of funding under the
program, which is determined annually depending on the nutrients each fertilizer grade contains. Under the Ministry
of Chemicals & Fertilizers, the Department of Fertilizers is in charge of overseeing the program. Based on the nutrients
.
(N, P, K, and S) that these fertilizers contain, farmers are given access to them at subsidized rates under NBS. The goal
c o
fertilizers.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
e s
of the NBS strategy is to maximize the balance (N:P:K= 4:2:1) of NPK fertilization by increasing the consumption of P&K
r
186. World’s first Nano Di-Ammonia Phosphate (DAP) is
developed by which of the following bodies?
(a) Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited
a n k (a) 1%
(c) 3%
(b) 2%
(d) 4%
(b) Indian Council of Agricultural Research

(c) National Institute of Agriculture Management
(d) Indian Institute of Farming
p r 189. India’s first liquid Nano liquid plant was inaugurated

in which of the state?
(a) Gujarat (b) Madhya Pradesh
187.
(a) First
(c) Third
(b) Second
(d) Fourth
o
Where does India stand in terms of production of
fertilizers globally?
T 190.
(c) Jharkhand (d) Bihar
The goal of the Nutrition Based Subsidy scheme is to

maximize the balance of NPK fertilization by
2J7B5A8J6D0A
tr-5Gincreasing the consumption of P&K fertilizers. What
is the optimum balance of NPK?
188. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana fixes a uniform (a) 4:2:1 (b) 4:3:1
premium rate of insured sum to be how much (c) 3:2:1 (d) 5:4:3
percentage for all kharif crops?

186. (a) India launched the first commercially available nano- consistent premium by PMFBY, which is set at 2% of
ADP created by IFFCO. By incorporating Nano Di- the total insured amount for all kharif crops.
Ammonia Phosphate (DAP) in the Fertilizer Control 189. (a) 'Nano Urea' was introduced as a liquid in 2021 by the
Order, the cooperative company IFFCO was able to Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited
produce it commercially. (IFFCO). In Kalol, Gujarat, the first Liquid Nano Urea
187. (c) Indian soils typically produce low yields and are (LNU) facility was opened.
lacking in potassium, phosphate, and nitrogen. India 190. (a) Based on the nutrients (N, P, K, and S) that these
is ranked second in consumption and third in fertilizers contain, farmers are given access to them at
production. subsidized rates under NBS. The goal of the NBS
188. (b) Launched in 2016, PMFBY aims to lessen farmers' crop strategy is to maximize the balance (N:P:K= 4:2:1) of
insurance burdens. Farmers are required to pay a NPK fertilization by increasing the consumption of
P&K fertilizers.
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L5Q
69
GYANVAPI MOSQUE ISSUE
Why in news?
The Supreme Court has adjourned for November 6, cases relating to the Gyanvapi mosque in Varanasi.
What did the court say?

On July 21, the Varanasi court asked for a “scientific investigation/ survey/ excavation” of the mosque premises by
the ASI. District and Sessions Judge Ajaya Krishna Vishvesha asked the ASI to conduct a “ground penetrating radar
survey just below the three domes of the building in question and conduct excavation, if required”. The court directed
the ASI Director to “find out…whether the [present structure] has been constructed over a pre-existing structure of a
Hindu temple”, and to “prepare a list of all the artefacts which are found in the building specifying their contents and
carry out scientific investigation and undertake dating exercises to find out the age and nature of construction”. The
July 21 order of the Varanasi district court came in the civil suit filed by the Hindu women seeking the right to worship
Maa Shringar Gauri.
What is the dispute?
Gyanvapi Mosque, adjacent to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi, is currently facing a legal battle. A court in
Varanasi has directed the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to probe the structure of the Gyanvapi Masjid. Several
petitions have been filed before the Supreme Court, Allahabad High Court and Varanasi Court alleging that the mosque
c o m
.
was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb by demolishing the Kashi Vishwanath Temple in the 16th century. A petition
s
was filed in the year 1991 in the Varanasi court where the petitioners, local priests, sought permission to worship in the
r
Gyanvapi Mosque area. The petitioners said that the Mosque was built on the orders of Aurangzeb by demolishing a
e
part of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple during his reign in the 16th century.
k
A Varanasi-based lawyer, Vijay Shankar Rastogi, filed a petition in the lower court claiming illegality in the construction
n
of the Gyanvapi Masjid and sought an archaeological survey of the mosque. This came in December 2019 after the
Supreme Court verdict in the Babri Masjid-Ram Janmabhoomi title dispute of Ayodhya. The Varanasi court in April 2021
a
directed the ASI to carry out the survey and submit its report. However, the Uttar Pradesh Sunni Central Waqf Board
p r
and the Anjuman Intezamia Masjid Committee that runs the Gyanvapi Mosque contested the petition by Rastogi and
also opposed the Varanasi court’s order for survey of the mosque.
o
The matter then reached the Allahabad High Court and post hearing all the parties involved, it ordered an interim stay
on the direction to the ASI for conducting the survey. The high court in its order said that as per the Places of Worship
T
Act, 1991, the law prohibits any change in the religious character of a place of worship from as it existed on August 15,
1947. In March 2021, a Supreme Court bench headed by then Chief Justice of India (CJI) SA Bobde agreed to examine
the validity of the Places of Worship Act. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
Timeline
A plea was filed by five Delhi-based women seeking permission to perform daily worship of Hindu deities whose idols
are located on the outer wall of Gyanvapi Mosque The court appointed a committee to survey and videography of
basements in the Gyanvapi-Gauri Shringar complex and asked it to submit the report by May 10.
- The survey was stalled amid objections by the mosque committee, which claimed that the advocate commissioner
appointed by the court did not have the mandate to film inside the premises.
- The committee accused him of bias and filed a plea for his replacement.
- The court, on May 12, ordered the committee to continue the survey and submit the report by May 17.
- The Anjuman Intezamia Masjid committee moved the Supreme Court on Friday seeking a stay on the survey of the
Kashi Vishwanath temple-Gyanvapi Masjid complex.
- The committee completed its survey and videography of two basements in the Gyanvapi-Gauri Shringar complex
after the exercise resumed on May 14 amid tight security arrangements.
What is the places of Worship Act

Following the destruction of the old Vishweshwar temple, Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, constructed the Gyanvapi
Mosque in 1669. It is important to note that Aurangzeb ordered Governor Abul Hassan to destroy the temple in 1669,
according to Saqib Khan's book "Yasir Alamgiri." In the wake of the Ram Mandir movement in Ayodhya, the P.V.
Narasimha Rao-led government
tr-5U2M7L5Q
8T6M0T enacted the Places of Worship Act in September 1991. Introduced to preserve
communal harmony, the Act stated that the religious character of places of worship shall be maintained as it existed on
August 15, 1947. The law kept the disputed structure at Ayodhya out of its ambit, largely because it was already a subject
of litigation.
70
This Act was intended to pre-empt new claims by any group about the past status of any place of worship and attempts
to reclaim the structures or the land on which they stood.
Section 4 of the Act provided that all pending cases related to claims over places of worship would come to an end, and
no further proceedings could be filed. Certain sites were exempted from the purview of this section, including ancient
and historical monuments and archaeological sites and remains that are covered by the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. It would also not apply to any suit that was settled before the 1991 Act came
into force.
Following the destruction of the old Vishweshwar temple, Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, constructed the Gyanvapi
Mosque in 1669. It is important to note that Aurangzeb ordered Governor Abul Hassan to destroy the temple in 1669,
according to Saqib Khan's book "Yasir Alamgiri."
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
191. Places of Worship Act, 1991 was enacted to freeze the

status of religious places of worship as they existed
on which date?
(a)
(b)
(c)
Vishweshwar Temple
Swargadvara Temple
Kashi Vishwanath Temple
c o m
(a) 15th August, 1945
th
(c) 14 August, 1947
(b) 14th August, 1945
(d) 15th August, 1947
194.
(d)
r .
Meenakshi Temple
s
Which was the first Indian city to receive the
e
192. Who is known as the father of the Indian recognition of World heritage site?
Archeology? (a) Ahmedabad (b) Mumbai
(a) J.R. Wheeler
(b) Alexander Cunningham
(c) Daya Ram Sahni
a n k 195.
(c) Bhopal (d) Agra
What was the strength of the bench in the Ayoydhya
r
(d) John Marshell Land Dispute?
(a) Single bench (b) Division bench
193. Gyanvapi Mosque was built during the reign of
o
Aurangzeb after the demolition of which of the
following temples?
p (c) Constitution bench (d) Full judge bench
191.
T ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
(d) The act was passed to preserve the status of places of
worship as they were on August 15, 1947, and it forbids
their conversion while guaranteeing the preservation
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maintained as the qibla wall facing Mecca, while the
temple's plinth was left intact to serve as the mosque's
courtyard. Rani Ahilyabai Holkar constructed the
of their religious nature. The 1958 Ancient current Kashi Vishwanath Temple, honoring Lord
Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Shiva, next to the mosque in the eighteenth century.
Act exempts ancient and historical monuments, 194. (a) Ahmedabad is the first Indian city to receive heritage
archaeological sites, and remains from its provisions. status. With this, there are now 38 World Heritage
192. (b) The leading institution for archeological study and sites in India. UNESCO World Heritage Convention,
the preservation of the country's cultural legacy is established in 1972, provides World Heritage status.
ASI, which is housed inside the Ministry of Culture. Agra Fort and Ajanta Caves were the first two Indian
Alexander Cunningham, Director-General of ASI, sites inscribed to the list in the year 1983.
established it in 1861. The "Father of Indian 195. (c) Landmark 2019 judgment in the Ayodhya Ram
Archaeology" is another title attributed to Alexander Mandir-Babri Masjid dispute was pronounced by a
Cunningham. five-judge bench of former CJI Ranjan Gogoi, Justice
193. (a) Gyanvapi mosque was during the reign of Mughal SA Bobde, Justice DY Chandrachud, Justice
emperor Aurangzeb that the Gyanvapi Mosque was Ashok Bhushan and Justice S. Abdul Nazeer
constructed in 1669. After the current Vishweshwar
temple was demolished, it was built. One wall was
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INDIAN POST PAYMENT BANKS
Why is news?
IPPB announced its first-ever operational profit of Rs. 20.16 crore for the fiscal year 2022–2023 on August 22, 2023. The
bank's total revenue increased by 66.12%.
What are Payment Banks?

A payment bank is a brand-new type of bank that was established by the Reserve Bank of India based on the Dr. Nachiket
Mor committee's recommendation to expand the payment network and offer financial services to low-income
individuals, small enterprises, and the migratory labor force.
India Post Payments Bank, Fino Payments Bank, NSDL Payments Bank, Paytm Payments Bank, Airtel Payments Bank,
and Jio Payments Bank are the six payment banks in the country.
Up to two lakh demand deposits can be accepted by Payment Bank. Payment banks can't give credit cards or make
loans, but they can offer services like net banking, mobile banking, debit banks, and ATM cards.
Payment banks and commercial banks provide nearly identical functions. However, payment banks are
subject to the following limitations:
c o m
.
The maximum amount that an individual may save in a Payment Bank is one lakh. This is a restriction on deposit
s
options.
r
- The Payment Banks allow consumers to open current and savings accounts.
- Payment banks offer its clients debit cards and ATM services, but not credit cards.
- Indians who are not residents are unable to deposit money in payment banks.
- Loan-related services are not offered to Payment Bank customers.
k e
n
- These banks' clients are unable to receive cross-border remittances on their current accounts.
- The guidelines for foreign direct investment in Indian private banks stipulate that the promoter must own at least
- Voting rights are governed by the Banking Regulation Act of 1949.
p a
40% of the company for the first five years. These banks permit foreign ownership of shares.
r
- The term "Payment Bank" must appear in the bank's name in order to set it apart from other kinds of banks.
- The banks will be licensed as payment banks under section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and will be
T o
registered as public limited companies under the Companies Act, 2013.
What are India Post Payment Banks?

India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) was setup under the Department of Post, Ministry of Communication with 100%
5G2J7B
equity owned by Government of India. IPPB was launched as atr-pilot 5A8J6D0A
project on 30 January 2017 in Ranchi (Jharkhand)
and Raipur (Chhattisgarh), with the objective of being present across India by the FY 2018-2019. IPPB has expanded its
strength across India covering post offices, through a network one Branch and 649 Banking outlets manned by
Business Correspondents, working on a hub and spoke model.
While all citizens can use India Post Payments Bank's services, the bank's main clientele includes low-income
households, unbanked and underbanked populations in both urban and rural areas, migrant laborers, beneficiaries of
the social sector, unorganized businesses, MSMEs (micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises), and panchayats.
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) has been established by the government to build the most accessible, affordable, and
trusted bank for the common man in India.
Parent Ministry: India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) functions under the Department of Posts. Ministry of
Communication with 100% equity owned by the Government of India. However, IPPB will be governed by the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI).
The establishment of the India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) as a Public Limited Company under the Department of Posts,
with 100% Government of India (GOI) stock, has received permission from the Union Cabinet, which is chaired by the
Prime Minister. The Department of Posts recently welcomed the non-full service India Post Payments Bank as a Public
Limited Company with 100% Government of India shareholding.
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS
196. What was the amount of the first operational profit (a) Arakshak didi (b) Niveshak Didi
reported by India Post Payment Bank for 2022-2023? (c) Shikshak didi (d) Arogya didi
(a) 10.16 Crore (b) 20.16 Crore
(c) 21 Crore (d) 22 Crore 199. India Post Payment Bank is being governed by which
of the following bodies?
197. The committee suggested creating a "Payments (a) Ministry of Finance
Bank" to serve small enterprises and lower-class (b) Ministry of Communication
consumers. The committee was headed by whom? (c) Reserve Bank of India
(a) Dr. Nachiket Mor (d) Niti Ayog
(b) Dr. Arjun Reddy
(c) Dr. Gopivishwanathan 200. Which of the following is not one of the six payment
(d) Dr. S. Tripathi banks in India?
m
(a) Airtel Payment Bank
198. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) held the country's (b) Bharat pe payment Bank
first floating financial literacy camp in 2022. What
was is called?
(c) Jio Payment Bank
(d) Fino Payment Bank
. c o
196.
(b) IPPB announced its first-ever operational profit
e r s
most dependable, reasonably priced, and easily
k
of Rs. 20.16 crore for the fiscal year 2022–2023 on accessible bank for the average Indian. Parent
August 22, 2023. The bank's total revenue Ministry: The Department of Posts oversees the
n
operations of India Post Payments Bank (IPPB). The
increased by 66.12%.
a
Indian government owns 100% of the Ministry of
197. (a) The committee headed by Dr. Nachiket Mor
Communication. On the other hand, the Reserve
r
suggested creating a "Payments Bank" to serve small
Bank of India (RBI) would oversee IPPB.
enterprises and lower-class consumers.
p
200. (b) A payment bank is a brand-new type of bank that was
198. (b) In an effort to promote financial literacy "By the
established by the Reserve Bank of India based on the
o
women, for the women," India Post Payments Bank
Dr. Nachiket Mor committee's recommendation.
(IPPB) held India's First Floating Financial Literacy
India Post Payments Bank, Fino Payments Bank,
T
Camp in Srinagar, J&K. The program was called
NSDL Payments Bank, Paytm Payments Bank, Airtel
"Niveshak Didi."
199. (c) The government of India established India Post Payments Bank, and Jio Payments Bank are the
Payments Bank (IPPB) with the goal of creating the six8Jpayment
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ELECTORAL BONDS
Why in news:
SC has constituted a constitution bench to hear the plea of electoral bonds. The Government has notified the scheme
of Electoral Bonds to cleanse the system of political funding in the country.
Electoral Bonds:
The scheme, which was notified by the government on January 2, 2018, was pitched as an alternative to cash donations
made to political parties as part of efforts to bring in transparency in political funding. Electoral Bond would be a bearer
instrument in the nature of a Promissory Note and an interest free banking instrument. A citizen of India or a body
incorporated in India will be eligible to purchase the bond. The identity of the donor is anonymous and only known
only to the bank.
Features of electoral bond scheme:

Electoral bond would be issued/purchased for any value, in multiples of `1,000, `10,000, `1,00,000, `10,00,000 and
`1,00,00,000 from the specified bank. The purchaser would be allowed to buy electoral bond(s) only on due fulfilment
of all the extant KYC norms and by making payment from a bank account. It will not carry the name of payee. Electoral
Bonds would have a life of5Qonly 15 days during which it can be used for making donation only to the political parties
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registered under section 29A of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1951
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The bonds under the Scheme shall be available for purchase for a period of 10 days each in the months of January, April,
July and October, as may be specified by the Central Government. An additional period of 30 days shall be specified by
the Central Government in the year of the General election to the House of People. The bond shall be encashed by an
eligible political party only through a designated bank account with the authorised bank.
Statutory framework
The current electoral bonds scheme was introduced through the Finance Acts of 2016 & 2017, which amended four
legislations – Foreign Contribution Regulation Act, 2010 (FCRA), Representation of the People Act, 1951 (RoPA), Income
Tax Act, 1961 and the Companies Act, 2013.
Report of ADR
A report released by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) said that unknown sources accounted for over 76
percent of the declared income of 27 regional parties in 2021-2022 and 93.26 per cent of that amount came from
anonymous electoral bonds.
Matter in SC
CPI (Marxist) and two NGOs — Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) and Common Cause — filed petitions before
the Supreme Court to challenge the scheme. The petitioners argue that the scheme should not have been introduced
c o m
.
through the Finance Acts, as this bypass scrutiny of the Rajya Sabha. The Election Commission (EC) contend that the
s
scheme is contrary to the goal of transparency in political finance and the amendment to the Companies Act could lead
r
to the infusion of black money through shell companies and make political parties vulnerable to influence by foreign
e
companies.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
201. Who is the authorised user of electoral bond?

(a) Security and Exchange Board of India
a n k (a) Rajesh Kapoor

(c) Kumar Vishu
(b) Kumar Vishvas
(d) Rajiv Kumar
r
(b) State Bank of India
(c) Reserve Bank of India 204. Right to freedom of speech and expression is a
(d) Payment Banks
o
202. Eligibility of Political Parties to receive electoral
p fundamental right under which article of India
Constitution?
(a) Article 20 (b) Article 29
Representation of People Act?

(a) Section 29A
(c) Section 25 T
bond is provided under which section of
(b) Section 29B

(d) Section 20
203. Who is present chief election commissioner?

(c) Article 19
205. How many

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(a) 6
(c) 7
(d) Article 33
6D0ANational Parties are there in India?

(b) 5
(d) 10

201. (b) The State Bank of India (SBI), has been authorised to 25th Chief Election Commissioner of India,
issue and encash Electoral Bonds through its 29 succeeding Sushil Chandra.
Authorised Branches (as per list enclosed) w.e.f. 204. (c) The article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution of India states
04.10.2023 to 13.10.2023 that, “all citizens shall have the right to freedom of
202. (a) Only the Political Parties registered under Section speech and expression”
29A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (43 205. (a) With the removal of the NCP, the CPI and the TMC,
of 1951) and which secured not less than one per cent there are now only six national parties in the country
of the votes polled in the last General Election to the — the BJP, the Congress, the National People’s Party
House of the People or the Legislative Assembly of the (NPP), Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M),
State, shall be eligible to receive the Electoral . Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), and the latest addition,
203. (d) Rajiv Kumar is a former Indian Administrative Service the AAP.
officer. On 15 May 2022, he assumed the charge as the
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MONEY BILLS
Why in News?
Chief Justice of India said that a seven-judge bench will soon be set up to hear a batch of pleas challenging the Centre’s
use of the Money Bill route to pass certain key legislations. The CJI’s observation was made when he was hearing a plea
specifically challenging certain amendments to the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).
What is a money Bill?

A Bill is deemed to be a money Bill if it deals only with matters specified— taxation, borrowing by the government, and
appropriation of money from the Consolidated Fund of India, among others. It adds that “any matter incidental to any
of the matters specified in the Articles” can also be a Money Bill.
Procedure in Money Bills

A money bill is a bill that, in the opinion of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, deals with taxation or the appropriation of
public funds— the Consolidated Fund of India or the Contingency Fund of India. A money bill can only be introduced
in the Lok Sabha, and the Speaker categorising a bill as a “money bill” means that it need not be passed by the Rajya
Sabha. There is no provision of joint sitting in the money bill. The union budget, for example, is a money bill.
c o m
Judicial Review
s .
Due to the finality of decision, it raises the question of the extent of judicial review possible on the authority decision.
r
However, the court in the 2018 Aadhaar case had said that the Speaker’s decision will be subject to judicial scrutiny.
Which legislation have been challenged?
k e
The constitutionality of three key legislations, including the PMLA, will be examined afresh by the larger bench in the
n
light of whether these laws qualified as a money bill. The other two are the Aadhaar Act and the 2017 amendments
a
altering service conditions of Tribunals. While the PMLA, Aadhaar Act have been substantially upheld by the Court,
r
the SC had struck down the tribunal amendments as unconstitutional.
What is a bill?
o p
The purpose of a bill is to outline specific laws or changes to existing laws. They are introduced into a legislative body,
such as a parliament, to be debated, discussed, and voted upon by lawmakers. There are a variety of topics and issues
What are finance bills? T

that can be addressed in a bill, including social policies, economic issues, environmental regulations, etc. When passed
by the Parliament, bills become Acts of the Constitution of India.
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Finance Bills deal with taxation, government revenue, and expenditures. It outlines the government's financial plans
and is introduced in the Parliament each year to implement the budget proposals. The Finance Bill is typically
accompanied by the Union Budget, which presents the government's fiscal policies and allocations for the upcoming
financial year. Article 117 of the Constitution focuses on special provisions concerning Financial Bills.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
206. Which article defines money bill?

(a) Article 92 (b) Article 110 209. Vires of Aadhar Act has been upheld by SC in which
(c) Article 80 (d) Article 112 case?
(a) RK Ramani v Union of India
207. If any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill (b) PR Atul v State of Maharashtra
or not, whose decision shall be final? (c) Rishi Malhotra v State of Bihar
(a) Member of Parliament (d) KS Puttaswamy v Union of India
(b) President
(c) Speaker of Lok Sabha 210. Who is the Chief Justice of India?
(d) Magistrate (a) Jagdish Singh Khehar
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(b) N. V. Ramana
208. Who is the Present 2M7L5Q8T
Enforcement
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(a) Rahul Navin (b) Nirmala Sitharaman (d) Bharat Bhushan
(c) Satya Ram Bishnoi (d) Mahesh Kumar
75
206. (b) According to Article 110, a “Money Bill” is a bill Directorate (ED) till the appointment of a regular
comprising laws governing taxes, the government's Director or until further orders.
borrowing policies, and the use of funds from the 209. (d) In the K.S. Puttaswamy case, the constitutionality of
Consolidated Fund of India. A money bill India the Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and
involves the imposition, abolition, remission, change, Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 was
or regulation of any tax, according to the challenged. However, the Court upheld the validity of
Constitution. the Act, stating it to be constitutionally valid.
207. (c) According to Article 110 (3) of the Constitution, “if any 210. (c) Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud is an Indian
question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, jurist, who is the 50th and current chief justice of
the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People India since November 2022. He was appointed a judge
thereon shall be final.” of the Supreme Court of India in May 2016.
208. (a) The government appointed special director Rahul
Navin as the acting director of the Enforcement
Why in News
POSH ACT
c o m
.
Ten years after the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
s
(PoSH) came into force, the Supreme Court Bench of India has said there are “serious lapses” and “uncertainty”
r
regarding its implementation, issuing directions to the Union, States, and Union Territories to verify if all government
bodies had formed Internal Complaint Committees and to ensure that the composition of such panels is in strict
adherence with the Act.
k e
n
Background
In 1992, Bhanwari Devi, a social worker with the Women’s Development Project of the Rajasthan government was gang-
a
raped by five men after she tried to prevent the marriage of a one-year-old girl. While hearing pleas filed by activist
r
groups against the crime, the SC, noting the absence of any law “enacted to provide for effective enforcement of the
p
basic human right of gender equality” guarantee against “sexual harassment at workplaces”, laid down a set of guidelines
in 1997, to fill the statutory vacuum till a law could be enacted. These were to be “strictly observed in all workplaces”
o
and were binding and enforceable in law.
T
Constitutional Basis of the POSH Act
The Court drew its strength from several provisions of the Constitution including Article 15 (against discrimination on
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grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, and place of birth), also
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drawing relevant International Conventions and
norms such as the General Recommendations of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW), which India ratified in 1993.
Matter in SC
The directive came as the court heard a bunch of public interest litigation (PILs), seeking effective implementation of
the POSH Act in the face of varying models of implementation and several loopholes in the implementation of the 2013
law. SC issued various guidelines for the effective implementation of the act. It includes the directions such as for the
appointment of the District officers. The District Officers and Local Committee (LCs) should be mandatorily trained
regarding their important responsibilities. Given their position in the redressal framework contemplated in the Act,
they must first be sensitised to the nature of sexual harassment, the gendered interactions that occur in the workspace,
etc. Further, it was stated that the State Governments, must organise periodic, and regular training sessions at the
District level which are to be attended by the District Officer, members of the LC, and nodal officers. Directions are
hereby made to hospitals, nursing homes, sports institutes, stadiums, sports complex, or competition or games venues
to establish ICs, and report compliance as per the duties under this Act.
Role of District Officers

Citing the scheme of the POSH Act, the top court noted that the role of the district officer is pivotal. They are responsible
for numerous aspects in the implementation of the Act. It is where the buck stops, so to say, in terms of coordination
0T
and accountability relating
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2M7L5Q8T the POSH Act. Efforts have to be undertaken to orient, train and sensitise the district
officers with regard to the provisions of the POSH Act and the rules, with an emphasis on their roles and obligations.
Conclusion
76
The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, (hereinafter referred
to as the “POSH Law”) is an important legislation that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at workplaces.
This has been in the statute book for almost a decade now and during this period, we are coming across several
deficiencies in the law.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
211. POSH Act was based on the guidelines of the (a) Justice DY Chandrachud
Supreme Court. What are these guidelines called? (b) Justice Uday Umesh Lalit
(a) Vishaka Guidelines (c) Justice N.V. Ramana
(b) POSH Guidelines (d) Justice V R Krishna Iyer
(c) Vaidh Guidelines
(d) Vidhi Guidelines 214. National Woman Day is celebrated on which day?
(a) 8 November (b) 13 January
212. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of (c) 13 February (d) 27 June
m
Discrimination Against Women was adopted by
United Nations General Assembly in which year? 215. Which of the following SDGs talk about Gender
(a) 1990
(c) 1957
(b) 1982
(d) 1979
Equality?
(a) SDG 5
.
(c) SDG 3
(b) SDG 4
(d) SDG 2
c o
213. Who among the following is the pioneer of the
concept of PIL in India?

e r s
211. (a) The Supreme Court in a landmark judgment in the
Vishakha v State of Rajasthan 1997 case gave
a n k 213. (d) Justice V R Krishna Iyer and Justice P N Bhagwati were

the pioneers of the concept of PIL. PIL had begun in
r
'Vishakha guidelines'. These guidelines formed the India towards the end of the 1970s and came into full
basis for the Sexual Harassment of Women at bloom in the 1980s.
212.
Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal)
Act, 2013.
o
(d) The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of
p 214. (c) National Women's Day in India is celebrated on 13
February every year. It is celebrated to mark the birth
anniversary of the nightingale of India, Sarojini
T
Discrimination Against Women is an international Naidu.
treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General 215. (a) SDG 5 aims to achieve gender equality by ending all
Assembly. Described as an international bill of rights forms of discrimination, violence and any harmful
for women, it was instituted on 3 September 1981 and 8J6D0A against women and girls. It also calls for the
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has been ratified by 189 states. India had ratified the full participation of women and equal opportunities
Convention in July 1993 with two declarations and for leadership at all levels of decision-making.
one reservation.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS

Why in news:
The Delhi High Court has found “large-scale infringement” in the reproduction on the Internet “of… copyrighted works”
of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, which publishes books and commentaries on Indian religious philosophy and
spiritualism, especially classic Vaishnava texts. In an order on September 21, Justice Prathiba M Singh allowed the trust
to approach tech companies Google and Meta, who own YouTube and Instagram respectively, with takedown orders
against those reproducing copyrighted works on the Srimad Bhagavad Gita.
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust

The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust was established in 1970 by Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada), who
also founded the Gaudiya Vaishnava religious organisation International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON),
colloquially known as the Hare Krishna Movement.
Order of the court

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The court said adaptation of the scriptures, including “explanation, meaning, interpretation or creating any audio visual
works”, would be entitled to copyright protection. The court said this is so because these are the original works of the
authors themselves. Thus, there can be no objection in the actual reproduction of the text of Srimad Bhagavad Gita or
77
similarly other spiritual books. However, the manner in which the same is interpreted by different gurus and spiritual
teachers being varied in nature, copyright would vest in respect of the original parts of the literary works which preach,
teach or explain the scripture. The HC added that since Srila Prabhupada had himself handed over the copyrights to be
administered by the trust, the works cannot be “reproduced without authorization, licence or the permission” of the
trust.
Religious Text and Copyright:

Religious scriptures are in the public domain, and in copyright law, no exclusive intellectual property rights apply to
creative works in the public domain. So, the Old Testament and New Testament, or the King James Version (KJV) of
the Bible, one of the most widely used translations of the Bible, are not protected by copyright. However, many modern
translations of the Bible are copyright-protected because they represent new creative works by the translators. For
example, New International Version (NIV), which was first published in 1978, is copyright-protected, and permission
would be needed — or the terms set by the holder of the copyright would have to be followed — in order to use the
NIV text for certain purposes. Also, while the Ramayana and Mahabharata are not protected by copyright, the television
m
series Ramayana created by Ramanand Sagar or B R Chopra’s Mahabharata are “transformative works” that would be
protected.
Copyright Law in India
.
Indian copyright law protects “original work” — a creative and independently created expression fixed in a tangible
c o
s
medium. The law grants the creator/ author of the work the exclusive right to “use, reproduce, distribute, perform, and
r
display their work”. The law also protects transformative work which is a creative/ artistic work that takes existing
e
material (text, music, art) and significantly modifies, reinterprets, or builds upon it to create something new and
distinct. For example, the comedy group AIB’s 2015 spoof video ‘Every Bollywood Party song’ starring the late actor Irfan,
termed as inspired work.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a k
was a parody of rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh’s ‘Party all night’, and it would not amount to infringement as it can be
n
216. Right to freedom of religion is a fundamental right
under which article of Indian Constitution?
p r 219. Who is the current Chief Justice of Delhi High

Court?
o
(a) Article 25 (b) Article 20 (a) Satish Chandra Sharma
(c) Article 15 (d) Article 22 (b) Vipin Sanghi
217.
218.
(a) 50 years
(c) 20 years T
Duration of Copyright after the life of author is-
(b) 35 years
(d) 60 years
Registrar of Copyright is appointed by

(c) Ritu Bahri
(d) Vinod Chandran
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220. TRIPs stands for-
(a) Terror Related India Programme
(b) Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
(a) State Government Right
(b) President of country (c) Turkey Related Isolation Period
(c) Central Government (d) Traders Right To Input Powers
(d) Supreme Court

216. (a) Right to freedom of religion is well described in the 219. (a) Satish Chandra Sharma is an Indian judge. Presently,
Articles 25, 26, 27 and 28 of Indian constitution. he is Chief Justice of Delhi High Court. He was former
Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate Chief Justice of Telangana High Court.
any religion of their choice. 220. (b) TRIPS stands for Trade-Related Aspects of
217. (d) The general rule is that copyright lasts for 60 years. In Intellectual Property Rights. TRIPS sets the
the case of original literary, dramatic, musical and framework for IP protection and enforcement,
artistic works the 60-year period is counted from the ensuring that member countries adhere to certain
year following the death of the author. standards.
218. (c) The Central Government shall appoint a Registrar of
Copyrights and may appoint 8T6Mone
0T or more Deputy
tr-5U2M7L5Q
Registrars of Copyrights.
78
SAME SEX MARRIAGE JUDGEMENT
Why in news:
The Supreme Court ruled that there cannot be legal recognition for same-sex marriages, doing so by a 3-2 majority. As
many as four judgments were delivered and a slew of observations made by the apex court.
Background:
On November 14th, 2022, two same-sex couples filed writ petitions in the Supreme Court seeking legal recognition of
same-sex marriages in India. The petitions were centred around the constitutionality of the Special Marriage Act, 1954.
The first petition was filed by Supriyo Chakraborty and Abhay Dang. The second petition was by Parth Phiroze Merhotra
and Uday Raj Anand. The plea has been tagged with a number of other petitions challenging other personal laws on
similar grounds. The challenged enactments include the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and the Foreign Marriage Act, 1969.
Petitioners Plea
The petitioners argue that the non-recognition of same-sex marriage violates the rights to equality, freedom of
m
expression and dignity. The petitioners argue that Section 4(c) of the Act recognises marriage only between a ‘male’ and
a ‘female’. This discriminates against same-sex couples by denying them matrimonial benefits such as adoption,
surrogacy, employment and retirement benefits. The petitioners asked the Court to declare Section 4(c) of the Act
unconstitutional.
. c o
Right to Marry
r s
The five-judge Bench unanimously agreed that there is no fundamental right to marry, and marriages between queer
e
persons cannot be read into the Special Marriage Act, 1954. All five judges agreed that transgender persons in
heterosexual relationships have the right to marry under the existing legal framework.
Right to form Civil Union
n k
On the right to form civil unions, the court split 3:2 with the majority holding that no such right exists. The bench split
a
r
3:2 on the rights of unmarried non-heterosexual couples to adopt as well, with the majority holding that the Union’s
guidelines barring such adoption was legally valid.
Adoption by unmarried non-hetrosexual couple
o p
DY Chandrachud answering in affirmity observed that The Central Adoption Resource Authority guidelines are
T
discriminatory as they only permit single individuals and married heterosexual couples to adopt a child. It prohibits
queer couples from adopting. Whereas majority on the bench answered in negative and observed that if one parent
abandons the relationship, marriage is essential to ensure that the child and other parent enjoy the protections flowing
5G2J7B 5A8J6D0A
from marriage (maintenance, custody, guardianship etc.) Statetr-must urgently create statutory frameworks to give legal
recognition to adoption by queer couples.
Conclusion
The Bench unanimously agreed that queer persons face violence and discrimination in the country. To obviate the
violence and discrimination, CJI Chandrachud issued the following directions for the Union, the state governments,
and governments in union territories.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
221. In which of the following cases, SC recognises the 223. Which state is the first state to grant reservation to
transgender as a third gender? transgender persons in all government services?
(a) Navtej Johar v Union of India (a) Karnataka (b) Kerela
(b) Indian Young Lawyer Assosiation v union of (c) Uttarakhand (d) Rajasthan
India
(c) Naz Foundation v Suresh kumar Kaushal 224. Who is the first transgender judge of India?
(d) NALSA v Union of India (a) Vivek Goel (b) Dhananjaya Goyal
(c) Joyita Mandal (d) Jyoti Malik
222. Right to form association or union is a fundamental
freedom under which article of Indian Constitution? 225. Which is the first country in Asia to legalise same sex
(a) Article 19 (1)(b) 2M7L(b)
5Q8TArticle
6M0T 19(1)(c) marriage?
tr-5U
(c) Article 19(1)(a) (d) Article 19(1)(d) (a) Bali (b) Turkey
(c) India (d) Taiwan
79
221. (d) National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India is notification issued on July 6, specifies one per cent
a landmark judgement of the Supreme Court of India, reservation in all general as well as reserve categories
which declared transgender people the 'third gender', for the third gender.
and affirmed their fundamental rights. 224. (c) Joyita Mondal is India's first transgender judge and
222. (b) Article 19 (1)(c) accords all citizens the right to form stands as an epitome of hard work, dedication and
associations or unions or cooperative societies while perseverance. Her work ignites hope for transgenders
Article 19 (1)(b) provides that all citizens shall have all around the world.
the right to assemble peaceably and without arms. 225. (d) Same-sex marriage between citizens became legal in
223. (a) Karnataka has become the first state in the country to Taiwan on 24 May 2019, making it the first country in
provide one per cent reservation for the 'transgender' Asia to legalize same-sex marriage. Marriages
community in all the government services. The between Taiwanese and foreign citizens were initially
government submitted a report to the High Court in restricted to citizens of countries that also recognized
this regard informing that a notification had already same-sex marriage.
m
been issued after amending the Karnataka Civil
Service (General Recruitment) Rule, 1977. The final
FOETAL VIABILITY AND RIGHTS OF UNBORN CHILD
. c o
Why in news
r s
The Supreme Court heard a married woman’s request for ending her 26-week pregnancy and denied its termination.
e
The case has travelled to two different Benches of the SC, and raised crucial questions on the decisional autonomy of a
k
woman to abort, and the legislative framework. Two specific ideas have come up during the hearings, which are vital in
discussions around abortion, but which are not usually taken up in India: “foetal viability”, and the rights of the unborn
child.
Background:
r a n
p
A 27-year-old married woman, who already has two sons, has pleaded that the current pregnancy was unplanned. She
has said that her family income is insufficient to support another child, and that she is herself not in the right mental
o
frame, having been under medication for post partum depression after the birth of her second child. On October 9, a
two-judge Bench of Justices Hima Kohli and B V Nagarathna, after interacting with the petitioner through video
T
conferencing, allowed the termination of the pregnancy. However, on October 10, a doctor from AIIMS, Delhi raised
the issue of foetal viability. SC thereafter split on allowing the abortion.
Foetal Viability
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6D0A
Foetal viability refers to the point in pregnancy at which a foetus can potentially survive outside the mother's womb. In
this particular case, a report from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) indicated that the foetus was viable
and presents a “strong possibility of survival”, having a heartbeat. Aborting it at 26 weeks would either halt this heartbeat
or lead to a premature birth with potentially severe mental and physical complications for the child. This benchmark
has been used in other countries, such as the United States, where abortion rights are determined up to the point of
foetal viability.
Abortion Laws in India

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act established in 1971, originally permitted abortions until 20 weeks of
pregnancy until 2021. Termination between 20-24 weeks under specific categories, were determined by two registered
medical practitioners. Termination after 24 weeks requires a medical board’s approval and is permitted only in cases of
substantial foetal abnormality.
Rights of the unborn child

The discussion on the 'rights of the unborn child' involves contemplating the legal and ethical status of the foetus,
particularly in relation to the pregnant woman's autonomy. It raises questions about the balance between a woman's
right to choose and the perceived rights of the foetus, leading to a complex interplay between reproductive rights and
the protection of tr-
potential 8T6M0T
life.
5U2M7L5Q
80
Conclusion
Access to abortion services is still hampered in the country due to service provider bias and stigma. Many women resort
to unsafe methods of abortion due to the fear of their family finding out that they had an abortion, shame, and stigma.
In the context of the Supreme Court’s judgement amid debates over a woman’s bodily autonomy and the rights of a
foetus, we take a look at some stories of how women’s reproductive rights have often taken a backseat in our society
and the right to terminate her own pregnancy is never in the woman’s hands.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
226. Which of the following committee deals with illegal (a) Bihar (b) Telangana
abortions in India? (c) Rajasthan (d) Haryana
(a) Shantilal Shah Committee
(b) Shaktimaan Committee 229. Which article provides for right to life and personal
(c) Shiv Shakti Committee liberty?
(d) Surrender Suri Committee (a) Article 34 (b) Article 12
227. Which state has highest sex ratio in India?

(a) Puducherry (b) Sikkim
(c) Article 21 (d) Article 27
c o m
230. The first modern country to legalize abortion is
(c) Goa (d) Kerala
228. Which state has the lowest sex ratio in India?

(a) Germany
(c) Russia
r s . (b) France
(d) India
k e
226. (a) Government of India set up the Shantilal Shah
Committee in 1964 to decrease the high maternal
morbidity and mortality associated with illegal
abortions.
r a n 229. (c) Article 21 says that no person shall be deprived of his

life or personal liberty except according to procedure
established by law. This fundamental right is available
to every person, citizens and foreigners alike.
p
227. (d) Kerala has the highest sex ratio of 1084 in all Indian 230. (c) The Soviet government was the first government in
states. Puducherry has the second-highest sex ratio of Europe to legalize abortion. In October 1920 the
228.
1038 in Indian states.
ratio of 618.
T o
(d) Haryana has the lowest sex ratio (877) in Indian states
while in union territory Daman Diu has lowest sex
RELIGIOUS V. SECULAR FUNCTIONS (APPOINTMENT OF PRIEST

Bolsheviks made abortion legal within the Russian
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic with their
"Decree on Women's Healthcare".
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
IN TN TEMPLES)
Why in news:
The Madras high court held that caste will have no role in the appointment of priests in temples, where the only
requirement is for the person to be well-versed, properly trained and qualified to perform the pooja, as per the
requirements of the said temple.
Background:
Muthu Subramania Gurukkal challenged an advertisement in 2018 by the Tamil Nadu department of Hindu Religious
and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) for recruiting Archakas/Sthanikam (priests) at the Sri Sugavaneswarar Swamy
Temple in Tamil Nadu’s Salem district, stating that it infringes his hereditary rights. The petitioner, Gurukkal, had taken
over the position as Sthanikam from his grandfather, as his family of Sivachariyars have been performing poojas from
“time immemorial”.
Decisions:
It is made abundantly clear that the pedigree based on caste will have no role to play in the appointment of Archaka
[priest] if the person so selected otherwise satisfies the requirement. there is no dispute to the fact that the temple in
question is an Agamic temple 8Twhere
6M0T appointment of Archakas should be governed by the rules of the Agama, the court
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directed the Executive Officer of temple (third respondent) to issue an advertisement in line with the observations cited
from the apex court. The court also permitted the petitioner to perform the poojas till the appointments and gave him
the liberty to participate in the selection process
81
All India Adi Saiva Sivachariargal Seva Sangam v Government of Tamil Nadu
In All India Adi Saiva Sivachariargal Seva Sangam v Government of Tamil Nadu, the top court had held that the
appointment of a temple priest is a secular function and not about a hereditary right. The top court had held that the
religious service by an Archaka is the secular part of the religion and the performance of the religious service is an
integral part of the religion. Any person belonging to any caste or creed can be appointed as an Archaka, provided he is
a well-versed and an accomplished person in the Agamas and rituals necessary to be performed in a temple.
N Adithayan versus Travancore Devaswom Board

In the 2022 case of N Adithayan versus Travancore Devaswom Board, the Supreme Court had held that there is no
justification to insist that only a Brahmin (in this case, a Malayali Brahmin) alone can perform the rites and rituals. The
apex court had frowned on insisting for a pedigree based on caste to perform the rites and rituals in a temple, the Madras
high court said.
Seshammal & others versus State of Tamil Nadu
m
In Seshammal & others versus State of Tamil Nadu (1972), held that the appointment of an Archaka to a temple would
be a secular function, and only the performance of religious service by those priests would be an integral part of the
religion. In that verdict, the apex court had clearly differentiated between a secular and religious function.
Agama Shastra
. c o
s
Agama Sastras are a manual for worship, rituals and construction of temples in Hinduism. Mastering it going through
r
palm leaf manuscripts is said to be a Herculean task, that too in Pancharatra Agama. The Agamas are a collection of
e
Tantric literature (in Tamil and Sanskrit) and scriptures of Hindu schools. The three main branches of Agama texts are
Shaiva, Vaishnava, and Shakta.
231. Who is the current chief Justice of Madras High

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a n k 233. Which article deals with prohibition of
r
Court? discrimination?
(a) Justice DY Chandrachud (a) Article 15 (b) Article 25
(b) Justice Bajirao Mahesh
(c) Justice Vipin Nathan
o
(d) Justice Sanjay Vijaykumar Gangapurwala
p (c) Article 18 (d) Article 19
234. What is the meaning of Agama Shastra?
232.
T
Which of the following case deals with entry of
women into Sabrimala temple?
(a) Indian Young Lawyer Assn v Union of India
(b) KS Puttaswamy v Union of India
(c) Joseph Shrine v Union of India
(a) Handed down by Maurya
(b) Handed down by Literature
(c) Handed
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
235.
6D0A down by Moksh
(d) Handed down by tradition
Which of the following is not a restriction on

(d) NALSA v Union of India Fundamental Right to freedom of religion?
(a) Public Morality (b) Public health
(c) Public Order (d) Public Interest

231. (d) Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sanjay Vijaykumar Gangapurwala among other things, within the traditions of
is the Chief Justice of Madras High Court. He is the Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. From Sanskrit,
Born on 24.05. 1962. agama means “handed down by tradition” or
232. (a) It held that the practice violated the fundamental “scriptures,” and shastra refers to a commentary or
rights to equality, liberty and freedom of religion, treatise.
Articles 14, 15, 19(1), 21 and 25(1). It struck down Rule 235. (d) Art 25 provides that subject to public order, morality
3(b) of the Kerala Hindu Places of Public Worship Act and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all
as unconstitutional persons are equally entitled to freedom of
233. (a) Article 15(1) of the Indian Constitution prohibits conscience and the right freely to profess,
discrimination against any citizen on the basis of practise and propagate religion.
religion, race, caste,2Msex, or8T
place
6M0Tof birth.
tr-5U 7L5Q
234. (d) Agama Shastra is a Sanskrit term that describes the
manual for worship, temple building and rituals,
82
UAPA
Why in news:
The police have invoked the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967 (UAPA) in the Kalamassery Jehovah’s Witnesses
Convention Centre blast case. The Kalamassery police filed a First Information Report before the Principal District and
Sessions Court, Ernakulam, the designated court for trying offences booked under the Act.
UAPA
The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Home
Affairs, on July 8, 2019. The Bill amends the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967. The Act provides special
procedures to deal with terrorist activities, among other things. The UAPA is aimed at prevention of unlawful activities
association in India. Its main objective is dealing with activities directed against the integrity and sovereignty of India.
It is also known as Anti-terror law.
Who may commit terrorism:

Under the Act, the central government may designate an organisation as a terrorist organisation if it: (i) commits or
participates in acts of terrorism, (ii) prepares for terrorism, (iii) promotes terrorism, or (iv) is otherwise involved in
c o m
.
terrorism. The Act additionally empowers the government to designate individuals as terrorists on the same grounds.
Approval for seizure of property by NIA:
r s
Under the Act, an investigating officer is required to obtain the prior approval of the Director General of Police to seize
e
properties that may be connected with terrorism. The act adds that if the investigation is conducted by an officer of
such property.
Investigation by NIA:
a k
the National Investigation Agency (NIA), the approval of the Director General of NIA would be required for seizure of
n
p r
Under the Act, investigation of cases may be conducted by officers of the rank of Deputy Superintendent or Assistant
Commissioner of Police or above. The act additionally empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or
above, to investigate cases.
T o
Insertion to schedule of treaties:
The Act defines terrorist acts to include acts committed within the scope of any of the treaties listed in a schedule to
the Act. The Schedule lists nine treaties, including the Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (1997),
Convention for Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005).

5G2J7B
and the Convention against Taking of Hostages (1979). The acttr-adds 5A8J6D0A
another treaty to the list. This is the International
UAPA Tribunal
The tribunal consists of only one person, who has to be a High Court judge. The Centre will provide the necessary staff
to the tribunal for the discharge of its functions. All expenses incurred for a tribunal are borne out of the Consolidated
Fund of India. After the Centre’s declaration of an organisation as unlawful, its notification must reach the tribunal
within 30 days to adjudicate whether or not there is sufficient cause for the move.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
236. Who is director general of National Investigation 238. Who was appointed as the head of the UAPA
Agency? Tribunal to review the ban imposed on JKDFP?
(a) Dinesh Goyal (b) RK Singla (a) Justice Mukesh Sanghwal
(c) Vishal Mehta (d) Dinkar Gupta (b) Justice Sachin Datta
(c) Justice Vipin Rao
237. The Central Government has banned the Popular (d) Justice Mukesh Sehgal
Front of India for ……… due to its association with
terrorist groups and subversive activities? 239. Sedition is an offence under which section of IPC?
5Q8T76M 0T
(a) 5 years tr-5U2M7L(b) years (a) Section 148 (b) Section 129
(c) 12 years (d) 10 years (c) Section 124A (d) Section 110A
83
240. Who is the current Minister of Home Affairs? (c) Piyush Kumar Yadav
(a) Arun Jaitly (d) Amit Shah
(b) Rajnath Singh

236. (d) Dinkar Gupta, a 1987-batch IPS officer and former Datta as the presiding officer of the Unlawful
chief of Punjab Police, has been appointed Director Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) Tribunal to review
General of National Investigation Agency (NIA). The the ban imposed on Jammu and Kashmir Democratic
Appointments Committee has approved the Freedom Party (JKDFP).
appointment of Gupta as the NIA chief till March 31, 239. (c) Sedition is a crime against the state and is dealt with
2024, the date of his retirement. in Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code. Sedition
237. (a) The Central government declared the Popular Front punishes any content that has the potential to incite
of India (PFI) and its associates, affiliates or fronts – violence or public disruption in the country by
specifically naming eight of them – as “unlawful inciting hatred, contempt, or disaffection for the
association” under Section 3 of the Unlawful government.
238.
Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, for a period of five
years.
(b) The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) notified the
appointment of Delhi High Court judge Justice Sachin
240.
m
(d) The current home minister is Amit Shah of the
o
Bharatiya Janata Party who has been in office since 31
May 2019 and succeeded his party colleague Rajnath
Singh as the home minister.
c
DYNAMIC INJUNCTION
r s .
e
Why in news:
The Delhi High Court restrained nine websites from illegally broadcasting the ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup 2023
k
matches. Although the World Cup is scheduled to take place between October 5 to November 9 this year, the court
n
passed a “dynamic injunction” in favour of the cup’s broadcaster, Star India Private Limited, before the Cup’s
commencement.
a
Injunction
p r
An injunction is an official order given by a law court, usually to stop someone from doing something. However, in most
cases, such injunctions are granted by the court only after the court identifies the work and determines the plaintiff’s
o
copyright in that work. To avoid this cumbersome process and grant protection to copyrighted works in a timely
manner, courts sometimes rely on the concept of “dynamic” injunctions.
Dynamic Injunction
T
A dynamic injunction is passed to protect copyrighted works even7B before
tr-5G2J 5A8J
6Dthey
0A are publicly released, distributed, or
created. It ensures that no irreparable loss is caused to its authors and owner, owing to the imminent possibility of such
works being uploaded on rogue websites or their newer versions immediately after their creation or release, given the
challenges posed by online piracy.
Object of Dynamic Injunction

To counter this type of piracy, it became necessary for the courts to become creative for providing protection to the
copyright holders and to prevent and deter infringement of their rights. Due to the technical structure of the internet,
access blocks are easy to circumvent, and content can easily be re-hosted, re-uploaded or moved to a server abroad to
further evade blocking measures. Over the past years, a new type of injunction to enforce online rights has emerged:
the dynamic injunction.
Rogue Websites
The Court laid down certain criteria to identify sites as "rogue websites" for the purpose of extending the injunction,
which included whether the website primarily aims at copyright infringement; whether the website hides the details of
the registrant; and whether there is inaction after receiving a takedown notice with regard to copyright infringing
content.
Some cases of Dynamic Injunction
Star India Pvt. Ltd. said that since 2021, the Delhi HC had granted similar “dynamic” injunctions against several such
rogue websites in Star India’s favour, which led to them ultimately being taken down. In Universal City Studios LLC v.
7L5Q 8T6M0T
tr-5U2Mthe
Dotmovies.baby 2023, court passed a dynamic injunction protecting works generated during the case’s pendency
and even those which might be created in the future, from infringement, till the time courts come to the rescue of the
right holder.
84
Conclusion
As such, dynamic injunctions appear to offer an effective mechanism against rogue websites and their mirror websites.
But a balance needs to be struck to ensure that such injunctions do not come in the way of free dissemination of non-
infringing information. The idea of an ombudsman is one way to tackle this challenge, but brings with it other concerns
relating to non-judicial authorities potentially exercising adjudicatory powers.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
241. Anton-Piller Order is issued for (a) Order 38 (b) Order 39

(a) Search & Seizure (c) Order 40 (d) Order 41
(b) Summoning a witness
(c) Summoning a document 244. Which section of the Copyright Act deals with the
(d) Freezing Asset “special right” extended to broadcasting
organizations?
242. Joh Doe order is also known as
(a) Ashok Kumar Order
(b) John Kumar Order
(a) Section 34
(c) Section 36
(b) Section 35
(d) Section 37
c o m
(c) Mandatory Order
(d) Temporary Order
.
245. Who is the host of Cricket World Cup 2023
s
(a) Sri Lanka
r
(c) India
(b) Dubai
(d) Australia
e
243. Which order deals with Temporary Injunctions?
241. (a) An Anton Piller order (otherwise known as a search
a n k
243. (b) Order 39 of CPC deals with temporary injunction.
r
order) is a court order which permits inspection of the 244. (d) Section 37 of the Copyright Act deals with the “special
defendant or respondent's premises and civil search right” extended to broadcasting organizations. Every
242.
o p
for and seizure of relevant materials and documents.
(a) A John Doe order is a type of legal order that allows a
person or entity to take legal action against an
broadcasting organisation shall have a special right to
be known as “broadcast reproduction right” in respect
of its broadcasts.
T
unknown party or parties. It is also called as Ashok 245. (c) India is hosting the 13th edition of the Cricket World
Kumar Order. Cup after a 12-year gap.
2J7B5A 8J6D0A
ABORTION LAWS (MTP ACTtr-5G
AMENDMENT 2021)
Why in news
The Supreme Court stamped out “artificial distinction” between married and single women and granted a judicial
recognition to “marital rape” for the purposes of abortion, marshalling women’s right to reproductive and decisional
autonomy.
Pre MTP Act era

Before the enactment of the MTP Act in 1971, the medical termination of pregnancy was governed by the Indian Penal
Code (IPC), with Sections 312 to 318 forming a part of this segment. Most of these provisions aimed at criminalising
abortions, except where the procedure was done in good faith in order to save the woman’s life. The IPC provisions
failed to make a distinction between wanted and unwanted pregnancies, making it extremely onerous for women to
access safe abortions.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act

India has a central law called The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, which permits licensed medical
professionals to perform abortions in specific predetermined situations as provided under the legislation. In 1971, the
MTP Act was enacted by Parliament as a “health” measure, “humanitarian” measure and “eugenic” measure, to
decriminalise abortion in 5Q
certain defined circumstances and under due supervision of registered medical practitioners.
8T6M0T
tr-5U2M7L
85
Features of MTP Act
Under the 1971 law, a pregnancy could only be terminated under Section 3(2) if it did not exceed 20 weeks. It laid down
that the pregnancy can be terminated on the opinion of one doctor if it is done within 12 weeks of conception and two
doctors if it is done between 12 and 20 weeks. Abortion was permitted only when the continuance of the pregnancy
would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman, the discovery of foetal abnormalities, immediate necessity to
save the woman’s life and cause grave injury to the woman mental or physical health (including rape and failure of birth
control measures). The Act added that a married woman can terminate an unwanted pregnancy too, but no such
procedure shall be carried out on any woman without her consent. Thus, if the mother had not crossed 20 weeks of
gestation, she would have been eligible for an abortion under the MTP Act.
MTP Amendment Act 2021
The amendments permitted abortion up to 20 weeks following an opinion of one registered medical practitioner
(RMP).It enhances the upper gestation limit from 20 to 24 weeks for special categories of women which will be defined
in the amendments to the MTP Rules and would include survivors of rape, victims of incest and other vulnerable women
(like differently-abled women, minors) etc. The upper gestation limit not to apply in cases of substantial foetal
abnormalities diagnosed by Medical Board. the 2021 amendment replaced the word “by any married woman or her
husband” with the words “any woman or her partner”, bringing within the fold of the law pregnancies outside marriage
institutions.
c o m
Conclusion
s .
It is a step towards safety and well-being of the women and many women will be benefitted by this. Recently several
r
petitions were received by the Courts seeking permission for aborting pregnancies at a gestational age beyond the
e
present permissible limit on grounds of foetal abnormalities or pregnancies due to sexual violence faced by women. The
amendments will increase the ambit and access of women to safe abortion services and will ensure dignity, autonomy,
confidentiality and justice for women who need to terminate pregnancy.
n k
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
a
246. Which case is recently overruled by US Supreme
Court related to abortion?
(a) Roe v Wade (b) Texas v Oberfildge
p r (a) Geneva
(c) Paris
(b) Rome
(d) Toronto
T o
(c) Gilbert v New York (d) Dilridge v Texas
247. The constitutional right of women to make

reproductive choices is a part of which right?
(a) Right to religion
(b) Right to Personal Liberty
249. Pre-conception
(a) Abortion
and
Techniques Act deals with
(b) Reproductive Health

tr-5G(c) 8J6D0AHealth
Mental
2J7B5A
Pre-Natal
(d) Prohibition of Sex Selection

Diagnostic
(c) Right to equality

(d) Right to Freedom of association 250. When was Sexual and Reproductive Health
Awareness Day was celebrated?
248. Where is the headquarter of World Health (a) 1st November (b) 3rd December
th
Organisation located? (c) 24 February (d) 12th February

246. (a) In USA access to abortion is severely restricted after 248. (a) WHO's global office is located in Geneva,
the Supreme Court in june 2022 overruled Roe v. Switzerland.
Wade and by 6-3 held that abortion is not a 249. (d) The PC-PNDT Act was enacted on 20 September 1994
constitutional law and states may regulate abortion with the intent to prohibit prenatal diagnostic
(Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health organization) techniques for determination of the sex of the foetus
247. (b) In Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. the Union Of leading to female feticide.
India And Others (2017), the court recognized the 250. (d) Every year on February 12, we celebrate Sexual and
constitutional right of women to make reproductive Reproductive Health Awareness Day. This day gives a
choices, as a part of personal liberty under Article 21 chance to promote knowledge about issues related to
of the Indian Constitution sexual and reproductive health as well as STI
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IMPORTANT ONE LINERS FOR OLETs
NATIONAL
'Swachhata Hi Seva Campaign' Becomes 'Jan Andolan'
• The Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign, which kicked off on September 15, reached its culmination on the eve of
Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary. This nationwide initiative, also known as the ‘Swachhata Hi Seva’ campaign,
was led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and garnered widespread participation from citizens across India. The
campaign was not just a standalone effort but a precursor to the grand celebration of ‘Swachh Bharat Diwas’ or
‘Swachhta Diwas,’ observed on October 2 each year.
• India observed ‘Swachh Bharat Diwas‘ on October 2, marking the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.
Swachh Bharat: All 6.6k Villages In J&k Declared Odf+ Model

• All 6,650 villages of Jammu and Kashmir have been declared Open Defecation-Free (ODF) Plus Model under the
Swachh Bharat Mission.
• Achieving ODF Plus Model status is not an overnight endeavor but a journey that involves three stages: Aspiring,
c o m
Rising, and Model.
s .
• When a village demonstrates visual cleanliness with minimal litter, stagnant water, effective solid and liquid waste
r
management, and sufficient information, education, and communication (IEC) activities, it is declared as an ODF
e
Plus Model.
Launch of New KHADI INDIA OUTLET at IIT, DELHI
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• In a bid to bridge the generational gap and ignite a renewed interest in the age-old fabric, the Khadi and Village
a
Industries Commission (KVIC) inaugurated a revamped Khadi India outlet at the prestigious Indian Institute of
r
Technology (IIT) Campus in Delhi on October 2.
• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has repeatedly urged the youth of India to embrace Khadi as a preferred fabric
o p
for fashion, supporting the ‘swadeshi‘ (indigenous) and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India) initiatives.
• In addition to the outlet’s inauguration, Shri Manoj Kumar, Chairman of KVIC and Shri Nagendra Raghuvanshi,
Member, Commission KVIC, also unveiled an exciting new collection of apparel designed by the Centre of
1. OBCs and EBCs Dominate: T

Excellence for Khadi (CoEK) in collaboration with various Khadi Institutions.
Bihar Caste Census Important Highlights tr-5G2J7B5A8J
Extremely Backward Class (EBC) comprises 36.01% of the population.

Other Backward Class (OBC) constitutes 27.13% of the population.
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2. Scheduled Castes and Tribes:

Scheduled Caste (SC) population stands at 19.65%.
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is 1.68%.
3. General Caste and Yadavs:
General Caste population is 15.52%.
Yadavs represent 14% of the population.
4. Religious Composition:
Hindus make up 82% of the population.
Muslims account for 17.71%.
From K Sivan to Annadurai, Tamil Nadu govt fetes 9 ISRO scientists, announces award of ₹25 lakh for each
scientist
• Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin recently celebrated the achievements of nine eminent space scientists from
the state, including renowned figures like K Sivan and Mylswamy Annadurai, for their remarkable contributions to
India’s space program. In a special event held in Chennai on 2nd October 2023, Chief Minister Stalin announced
cash awards of Rs.25 lakh for0Teach of the scientists.
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Honored Scientists
1. ISRO Chairman K Sivan, Chandrayaan-1 and 2
2. Project Director, Mylswamy Annadurai
3. Director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre- ISRO V Narayanan
4. Director of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, A Rajarajan
5. Distinguished ISRO Scientist, M Sankaran
6. Chandrayaan-3 Project Director, P Veeramuthuvel
7. ISRO’s M Vanitha
8. ISRO’s Nigar Shaji
9. ISRO-Propulsion Complex Director, J Asir Packiaraj
‘SHRAMDAAN EVENT’ organised by the MINISTRY OF MSME

• The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) took a significant step towards realizing the vision
of a “Garbage Free India.” Aligning with the national initiative championed by the Hon’ble Prime Minister, a unique
m
event titled ‘Shramdaan’ was organized by the Ministry. “Garbage Free India” The focal theme of ‘Shramdaan’
revolved around the concept of “Garbage Free India.”
• Development Facilitation Office, Okhla, Phase-1, New Delhi The event unfolded at the Development Facilitation
Office, Okhla, Phase-1, New Delhi.
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‘Har Ghar Solar’ campaign in Lucknow, Varanasi from October 2
r s
• The state government of Uttar Pradesh will launch a month-long 'Har Ghar Solar' campaign in Lucknow and
e
Varanasi to promote the use of renewable energy through the installation of solar rooftops. The government aims
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to generate 6,000 MW of solar power through rooftops under the Solar Policy, 2022.
• The state government will be launching a month-long ‘Har Ghar Solar’ campaign in Lucknow and Varanasi from
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October 2 to promote use of renewable energy in the state, a government spokesman said here on Saturday.
a
Jammu and Kashmir's famed Pashmina gets geographical recognition with GI tag
• Basohli Pashmina, an age-old traditional craft originating from the picturesque district of Kathua in Jammu and
o p
Kashmir, has recently earned the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This recognition not only celebrates
the exceptional craftsmanship of the artisans but also protects the authenticity and uniqueness of this artisanal
heritage.
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• Basohli Pashmina is renowned for its exceptional softness, fineness, and feather-like weight. Crafted by skilled
artisans using traditional hand-spinning techniques, this exquisite fabric has been a symbol of luxury and elegance
for over a century. Its hallmark is its remarkable ability to provide
choice for cold climates and discerning fashion enthusiasts.
8J6D0A without adding bulk, making it an ideal
warmth
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Government of India notifies constitution of National Turmeric Board

• The Union government of India has notified the constitution of the national turmeric board, which will focus on
the development and growth of turmeric and turmeric products in the country. Turmeric is majorly cultivated in
Tamil Nadu, Telangana state, Karnataka, MP, Odisha, Bengal and Gujarat.
• India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of turmeric in the world. It enjoys 62 per cent share in the
global turmeric market. During 2022-23, 1.534 lakh tonnes of turmeric and products to the tune of $207.45 million
were exported to Bangladesh, UAE, the USA and Malaysia. With the focused activities of the board, it is expected
that turmeric exports will reach ` one billion by 2030.
HAL hands over first LCA trainer to IAF, 7 more to come by March 2024
• State-run aircraft manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) recently delivered the first trainer version
of the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas to the Indian Air Force (IAF). This milestone is significant, as the twin-
seater Tejas trainer will play a crucial role in training IAF pilots and can also serve as a fighter aircraft when needed.
• The Tejas trainer aircraft is part of an earlier order for 40 Mk-1 jets, which includes both the Initial Operational
Clearance (IOC) and the more advanced Final Operational Clearance (FOC) configurations. Out of these 40 aircraft,
the IAF has already inducted 32 single-seater jets and established two LCA squadrons. The remaining eight aircraft
are trainers. HAL has 8T6M0T
committed
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Two-Day Literature Festival To Be Held in Bengaluru on 7 to 8 October
• The Neev Literature Festival 2023 is scheduled to take place on October 7th and 8th, 2023, at the Neev Academy in
Yemalur, Bengaluru. This year, the theme of the event is ‘What is childhood without stories?’. In the aftermath of
the pandemic, children’s lives have undergone a significant transformation. They now grapple with issues such as
artificial intelligence, globalization, mental health challenges, shifting values, and numerous other factors.
Consequently, the festival endeavors to address and respond to these changes.
• The Neev Literature Festival was initiated in 2017, followed by the introduction of the Neev Book Award in 2018.
The goal was to discover and present exceptional children’s books that center around Indian experiences and
stories. Over the years, the festival has delved into thought-provoking themes such as ‘Partition: Memory and
Memorialization’, ‘Peripheries: Boundaries on the Edge, Boundaries Within’, and ‘Embracing Diversity’.
First ever yak milk product, Arunachal Pradesh Yak Churpi, gets GI tag
• Slightly sour and salty churpi, a naturally fermented cheese prepared from the milk of Arunachali yak, nurtured in
the high-altitude areas of Arunachal Pradesh, has recently received the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI)
m
tag.
• Churpi, rich in protein, has been a lifeline for tribal yak herders in the harsh, vegetation-starved, cold, and hilly
mountainous regions of the state.
• Churpi, a traditional cheese made from yak milk, has been a staple food for tribal communities in Arunachal
Pradesh.
. c o
churpi as a substitute for vegetables in their diet.
e r s
• The yak herders, belonging mainly to the Brokpa and Monpa tribes in West Kameng and Tawang districts, rely on
k
Poll-bound Madhya Pradesh notifies 35% quota for women in govt jobs
• In an important development towards gender equality and women’s empowerment, the Madhya Pradesh
n
government has announced a groundbreaking policy to reserve 35% of all state government job positions for
a
women, excluding the Forest Department. This progressive amendment to the Madhya Pradesh Civil Services
r
(Special Provision for Appointment of Women) Rules, 1997.
• The notification states, “Notwithstanding anything contained in any service rules, there shall be reserved 35% of all
o p
posts in the service under the state (except Forest Department) in favor of women at the stage of direct recruitment,
and the said reservation shall be horizontal and compartment-wise.”
T
Telangana to get Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University in Mulugu
• On October 4th, the Union Cabinet approved the establishment of a tribal university in Telangana, named The
Sarakka Central Tribal University. This university, with a budget Rs8J6D
of5A
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crore, will be located in Mulugu district.
• The initiative was a commitment made by the Central government as a part of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation
Act, 2014, which aimed to support both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in establishing tribal universities.
• The Telangana tribal university project faced significant challenges, primarily related to land allocation. Securing
500-600 acres of land for the university proved to be a time-consuming process.
Nokia CEO Lauds India’s 5G Rollout, Launches 6G Lab in Bengaluru

• Telecom giant Nokia has made a significant stride towards the future of wireless technology with the establishment
of its state-of-the-art 6G lab at the company’s global R&D center in Bengaluru, India. This “first-of-its-kind” project
is set to revolutionize the way we perceive and interact with the digital and physical worlds.
• Nokia’s 6G lab in Bengaluru is more than just a research facility; it’s a hub for innovation and collaboration among
industry stakeholders. The lab offers a platform for various stakeholders to come together and test groundbreaking
solutions, assessing their potential for commercialization.
Rajasthan cm announces three new districts

• Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot on Friday announced the formation of three new districts – Malpura,
Sujangarh and Kuchaman – ahead of the Assembly election, taking the total number of districts in the State to 53.
• The Congress government had created 19 new districts and three new divisions in the State in August this year
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E-Cabinet System implemented
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• In a significant leap towards a more technologically advanced and environmentally responsible governance system,
Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha recently introduced the state’s e-cabinet system. This move positions Tripura as
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the fourth Indian state, and the second in the Northeast region, to adopt an e-cabinet system after Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh. The introduction of this system signifies a commitment to paperless cabinet
meetings, reducing the carbon footprint and promoting environmental sustainability through the use of digital
tablets by ministers and bureaucrats.
• The launch of the e-cabinet system marks a substantial shift towards digital governance in Tripura. All future
cabinet meetings in the state will be conducted in a paperless manner, aligning with global efforts to reduce
environmental degradation. This transition not only demonstrates the state’s commitment to eco-friendliness but
also reflects its readiness to embrace modern technology for more efficient governance.
India to begin ferry service to Sri Lanka from Nagapattinam Tamil Nadu
• The much-awaited resumption of high-speed passenger ferry service between Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu and
Kankesanthurai in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka will begin on October 10 after a gap of nearly four decades.
• According to official sources, the High-Speed Craft (HSC) Cheriyapani, owned by the Shipping Corporation of India,
and a 14-member crew arrived at Nagapattinam on Saturday evening. The vessel commenced its trial run from
m
Nagapattinam port on Sunday around 09.40 a.m. and took roughly three hours to reach Kankesanthurai, which is
roughly 60 nautical miles away, sources said.
Indian Air Force marks 91st anniversary with grand celebrations, unveils new ensign
.
• The Indian Air Force (IAF) celebrated its 91st anniversary at the Bamrauli Air Force Station in Prayagraj, Uttar
c o
s
Pradesh. The occasion was marked by the unveiling of the new IAF ensign by Air Chief Marshal V.R. Chaudhari.
r
• One of the notable features of the celebration was the introduction of the new IAF ensign. The key change is the
addition of the Air Force crest.
e
• Group Captain Shaliza Dhami made history as the first woman officer to command the Air Force Day Parade. Her
careers in the IAF.
a n k
leadership and dedication not only shattered glass ceilings but also inspired a new generation of women to pursue
r
Largest Hindu temple outside Asia opens in New Jersey, built by 12,500 volunteers
• BAPS Swaminarayan Akshardham, the largest Hindu temple in the United States, celebrated its grand opening on
Sunday, October 8, in Robbinsville, New Jersey.
p
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• The temple, set up in the picturesque city of Robbinsville, New Jersey, is a remarkable achievement. It stands as the
largest Hindu temple outside India in the modern era.
• The construction of BAPS Swaminarayan Akshardham is a testament to human creativity and resolution. The
temple’s front is crafted from four distinct varieties of marble sourced from Italy and limestone from Bulgaria. These
precious materials embarked on an extraordinary journey, tr-
destination in New Jersey.
covering 8J6D0A
5G2J7B5Aover 8,000 miles worldwide to reach their final
India's first solar roof cycling track thrown open in Hyderabad

• In a remarkable stride towards promoting eco-friendly and active mobility, Hyderabad, India, proudly inaugurated
its first solar roof cycling track, Healthway.
• This innovative track, which is a pioneering initiative in the country, was officially opened by K Tarakarama Rao,
the state Municipal Administration and Urban Development Minister.
• Situated on the bustling Outer Ring Road (ORR) between the main carriageway and the service road, this track is
designed to be accessible 24/7. Its inauguration marks a significant step towards transforming Hyderabad into the
active mobility capital of India.
Country’s oldest think tank USI to hold first Indian Military Heritage Festival
• The United Service Institution of India (USI), the nation’s oldest think tank, is set to host the first-ever Indian
Military Heritage Festival (IMHF), scheduled for October 21 and 22.
• The pursuit of self-reliance in military capabilities through the Atmanirbhar Bharat programs.
• The IMHF seeks to deepen our understanding of India’s extensive military heritage and traditions.
• Through insightful discussions, the festival aims to enlighten attendees from all walks of life about the multifaceted
dimensions of India’s military history.
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UP CM yogi Adityanath unveils freedom fighter Raja Rao stature in Unnao
• Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath on Monday inaugurated and laid the foundation stone of development projects
worth Rs 804 crore on Monday and unveiled the equestrian statue of freedom fighter Raja Rao Rambaksh Singh in
Daundiyakheda village of UP's Unnao district.
Petroleum Minister Inaugurates 26th Energy Technology Meet At Bharat Mandapam

• Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, the Hon’ble Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas and Housing and Urban Affairs
inaugurated the 26th Energy Technology Meet at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi during the 26th Energy Technology
Meet.
• Furthermore, the ambitious target of 20 percent biofuel blending, originally set for 2030, has now been advanced
to 2025.
3000 Crore has been approved by Assam for economic corridor project
• Assam cabinet has unveiled an ambitious plan to establish a 1000-km long economic corridor, significant
m
investment of Rs 3000 crore.
• State Minister Jayanta Malla Baruah informed the press about the project under the Asom Mala Scheme.
• Funding for these projects will be sourced through a loan from NABARD.
First Talkie Movie in India, Know the Name of Movie
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“Alam Ara,” was released.
• Directed and produced by Ardeshir Irani
e s
• On March 14, 1931, a historic moment unfolded in the annals of Indian cinema as the first talkie movie in India,
r
k
• No film copy of “Alam Ara” exists in the National Film Archives of India.
• Ardeshir Irani’s inspiration for “Alam Ara” came after watching the American talkie film “Show Boat” in 1929.
a n
Govt Introduces Shreshta Scheme For Quality Education Of Scheduled Caste Students
r
• The Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment has unveiled the ‘Scheme for Residential Education for Students in
p
High Schools in Targeted Areas’ (SHRESHTA).
• The first category includes top CBSE/State Board-affiliated private residential schools known as SHRESHTA
institutions.
o
• The second implementation approach relates to existing NGO/VO-operated schools and hostels.
T
• National Testing Agency (NTA) will conduct the National Entrance Test for SHRESHTA (NETS).
Bihar Caste Census Report 2023 PDF tr-5G2J7B5A

• Extremely Backward Class (EBC) comprises 36.01% of the population.
8J6D0A
• Other Backward Class (OBC) constitutes 27.13% of the population.

• Scheduled Caste (SC) population stands at 19.65%.
• Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is 1.68%.
• General Caste population is 15.52%.
• Hindus make up 82% of the population.
• Muslims account for 17.71%.
UP Declares Gangetic Dolphin as State Aquatic Animal

• Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has made Gangetic Dolphin as state Aquatic animal.
• CM yogi also launched the “Meri Ganga Meri Dolphin 2023” campaign.
Union Cabinet approves setting up of ‘Mera Yuva Bharat’ autonomous body for youth development
• The Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved the establishment
of an autonomous body named “Mera Yuva Bharat” (MY Bharat).
• This initiative aligns with the National Youth Policy and targets individuals between the ages of 15-29.
• Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) will be officially launched on 31st October, 2023, which coincides with National
Unity Day. 2M7L5Q8T6M
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Operation Ajay set to evacuate Indian nationals from Israel
• External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar announced this operation, emphasizing the government’s commitment.
About Israel:
• Capital: Jerusalem
• Official language: Hebrew
• Continent: Asia
• Prime minister: Benjamin Netanyahu
• Founded: 14 May 1948
Dr. Jitendra Singh launches the Intelligent Grievance Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0 Public Grievance portal
and Automated Analysis in Tree Dashboard
• This campaign, themed “Digital DARPG,” aimed at enhancing service delivery, utilizing emerging technologies, and
ensuring efficient management within government offices.
• Collaborating with 27 Senior Officials, including Right to Service Commissioners from States/UTs, DARPG
m
identified 164 services for pan-India e-service delivery, in addition to the 56 mandatory e-services.
‘Miniature Eastern Ghats’ To Become A Key Tourist Destination In Visakhapatnam Soon

• Miniature Eastern Ghats‘ (MEG) forest arena, scheduled to become a prominent tourist destination in
Visakhapatnam from November 2023.
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Andhra Pradesh Forest Department.
• Within the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) limits.
e s
• The MEG is a splendid initiative set to take shape in approximately 30 acres of reserved land, which belongs to the
r
Udaipur Set To Become India’s First Wetland City
n k
• The Rajasthan government, in collaboration with the Environment and Forest Department, is making concerted
efforts to elevate Udaipur, also known as the ‘City of Lakes
a
About Rajasthan:
• Chief Minister: Ashok Gehlot
• Governor: Kalraj Mishra
p r
T o
54th International Film Festival of India To Take Place From November 20 To 28
• Scheduled to take place from November 20 to 28 in the beautiful coastal state of Goa.
• Established in 1952, the International Film Festival of India (IFFI) has firmly established itself as a leading film
festival in Asia. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A
CM of Jharkhand Hemant Soren Unveils ‘Juhi’ Mascot for Women’s Asian Champions Trophy 2023
• ‘Juhi,’ the mascot, takes inspiration from the beloved elephant at Betla National Park.
• Savita will lead the Indian Women’s Hockey Team as Captain, with Deep Grace Ekka serving as her deputy.
About Jharkhand:
Capital: Ranchi;
Chief Minister: Hemant Soren;
Governor: C.P. Radhakrishnan;
First Ever Mobile Tower Installed At Siachen Glacier By The Indian Army
• The Siachen Glacier, known as the world’s highest battlefield, has witnessed a groundbreaking development with
the installation of a mobile tower.
About Siachen Glacier:
Location: Karakoram, Ladakh (controlled by India, claimed by Pakistan)
Parent range: Karakoram
Centre unveils tradeable Green Credit

• It is a voluntary initiative stemming from the ‘LiFE’ (Lifestyle for Environment) campaign.
The Green Credit5U program8Tencompasses
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Tree Plantation
Water Management
Sustainable Agriculture
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Waste Management
Air Pollution Reduction
Mangrove Conservation and Restoration
Schools asked to take parents’ consent for students’ new APAAR card
• The Ministry of Education and Government of India has initiated the APAAR ID, known as the “One Nation One
Student ID Card.”
• The school education department has issued a letter addressed to the Commissioner of Education, which also
referred to a letter by the Union Ministry of Education dated October 11 and addressed to all chief secretaries
regarding creation of APAAR ID for students.
Kerala Gets Its First 3D-Printed Building In Just 28 Days

• Amaze-28, the state’s first building constructed using 3D printing technology.
• Director of Kerala State Nirmithi Kendram: Debi Varghese
m
About Kerala:
Chief Minister: Pinarayi Vijayan
Governor: Arif Mohammed Khan
PMJDY continues to grow, adding ₹30,000 crore to total balance in H1
. c o
s
• Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) has achieved remarkable success, with over 50 crore beneficiaries.
r
• In the first half of the current financial year, the total balance in PMJDY accounts increased by ₹30,000 crore,
reaching ₹2.05 lakh crore as of October 4, 2023.
e
• The number of beneficiaries rose by over 3.5 crore in the last year, from 47 crore to 50.63 crore, growth in new
enrollments.
n k
• Public sector banks operate 40 crore accounts with a balance of ₹1.60-lakh crore.
About PMJDY:
a
r
Launch year: 2014
Launched by (prime minister): Narendra Modi
Ministry: Ministry of Finance
o p
Jaishankar unveils Rabindranath Tagore’s bust in Vietnam
in 1959. T
• India’s External Affairs Minister, S. Jaishankar, inaugurated a bust of Nobel Laureate writer and poet Rabindranath
Tagore in Bac Ninh city.
• Links between India and Vietnam is the Bodhi tree, a gift from President
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6DRajendra
0A Prasad to President Ho Chi Minh
• Rabindranath Tagore’s famous work, “Gitanjali,” was translated into Vietnamese and published in 2001.
• Rabindranath Tagore’s “Gitanjali” earned him the Nobel Prize for Literature, making him the first non-European to
receive this prestigious award in 1913.
About Vietnam:
Capital: Hanoi;
Currency: Vietnamese dong;
President: Vo Van Thuong;
Prime minister: Pham Minh Chinh;
National sport: Football.
PM Modi Inaugurates Rs 4200 Crore Worth Of Development Projects In Uttarakhand

• PM Modi marked a historic day in Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, as dedicated several development projects worth
approximately Rs 4200 crore.
About Uttarakhand:
Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
Governor: Gurmit Singh
SC refers electoral bond5Q case to 5-judge Constitution Bench

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• The Supreme Court decided to refer a group of petitions challenging the electoral bond scheme for political party
funding to a five-judge Constitution bench.
• The bench, led by Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud.
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About Supreme Court:
Founded: 28 January 1950, New Delhi
Established: 26 January 1950
Judge term length: Mandatory retirement at 65 years of age
Number of positions: 34 (33+1; present strength)
Dharmendra Pradhan Launched IndiaSkills 2023-24 in New Delhi

• Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship unveiled the IndiaSkills 2023-24 program.
• India, secured the 11th position in the global competition last year.
Kati Bihu festival 2023:18th October

• Kati Bihu, also known as Kongali Bihu.
• It falls on the first day of the ‘Kati’ month, which typically occurs in the middle of October.
About Assam:
m
Chief Minister: Himanta Biswa Sarma
Governor: Gulab Chand Kataria
India to Invest ₹143 Lakh Crore in Infrastructure by 2030

• The rating agency CRISIL shared this information in its Infrastructure Yearbook 2023.
. c o
• CRISIL Ltd.’s Managing Director and CEO is Amish Mehta.
r s
• He predicts a significant increase in per capita income, rising from $2,500 to $4,500 by fiscal year 2031.
About:
CEO: Amish Mehta (1 Oct 2021)
e
Headquarters: Mumbai
Founded: 1987
a n k
r
India’s First Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) To Be Launched In UP
• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi is all set to mark a historic moment in India’s transportation landscape.
o p
• Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) Corridor and simultaneously launches the RapidX
train connecting Sahibabad to the Duhai Depot, symbolizing the beginning of RRTS operations in India.
• Foundation stone for the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut corridor was laid by the Prime Minister on March 8, 2019.
About Tamil Nadu:

Formation – 26 January 1950;
Capital – Chennai;
T
Tamil Nadu’s AI-Powered Elephant Protection System Aims to Prevent Train Collisions
• This innovative project is being implemented along the Ettimadai–Walayar
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Chief Minister – M K Stalin;

Governor – R N Ravi.
APPOINTMENTS AND RESIGNATIONS
Presidential Appointments: New Governors for Odisha and Tripura
Odisha’s New Governor: Raghubar Das
Raghubar Das served as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand from 2014 to 2019.
Tripura’s New Governor: Indra Sena Reddy Nallu
Sanjay Kulshreshtha named as new Chairman and Managing Director of HUDCO

• Sanjay Kulshrestha has joined as the Chairman & Managing Director of the HUDCO from 16th October 2023.
About HUDCO:
Founded: 25 April 1970;
Headquarters: New Delhi
Arindam Bagchi Appointed as India’s Ambassador to UN in Geneva

• Arindam Bagchi, currently6Mserving
0T as Additional Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs, has been appointed
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as India’s nexttr-Ambassador/Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other International Organisations
in Geneva.
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• Arindam Bagchi is set to succeed the incumbent Indian envoy to the UN in Geneva, Indra Mani Pandey, who
assumed the role in July 2020.
India’s First Semi-High-Speed Regional Rail Service ‘Namo Bharat’

• Country’s first semi-high-speed regional rail service, Namo Bharat. Previously known as RapidX.
• This also marks the introduction of the Regional Rapid Train Service (RRTS) in India.
• The Namo Bharat trains will offer a remarkable average speed of 100 kilometers per hour.
Two day Anthurium festival begins in Mizoram

• In Mizoram, a two-day-long Anthurium Festival began with all festivities and enthusiasm at Reiek in Mamit District.
• The festival is being organized by the Department of Tourism of Mizoram.
About Mizoram:
Chief Minister: Zoramthanga
Governor: Kambhampati Hari Babu
India Sri Lanka ferry service started after 40 years

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe inaugurated a ferry service
connecting India and Sri Lanka.
c o m
.
• The ferry plies between Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu and Kankesanthurai in Sri Lanka’s Jaffna.
s
About Sri Lanka:
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Capitals: Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
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Prime Minister: Dinesh Chandra Rupasinghe Gunawardena
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Defence Minister Inaugurated Indian Military Heritage Festival In New Delhi
• Indian Military Heritage Festival took center at Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi.
Manoj Pande.
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• The event was inaugurated by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, who was joined by Chief of Army Staff General
a
• The United Service Institution of India (USI), the oldest tri-service think tank of India working since 1870.
Festival.
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• The year 2022-2023 marks India’s presidency of the G-20, and in celebration of this, the Indian Military Heritage
T
Indian Government Grants Approval for Non-Basmati Rice Exports
• Indian government has given the green light for the export of 1.34 million tonnes of Non-Basmati White Rice to
seven countries.
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• The Philippines will receive the largest quota, with up to 295,000
tr-5G2J7Bmetric tonnes.
• Cameroon is allotted 190,000 metric tonnes.
• Malaysia will import up to 170,000 metric tonnes.
• Both Cote D’Ivoire and the Republic of Guinea will receive 142,000 metric tonnes each.
• Nepal is set to receive 95,000 metric tonnes.
• Seychelles will be supplied with 800 metric tonnes.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh Launches Project ‘Udbhav’ To Promote “Indianisation”

• The launch of ‘Project Udbhav’ coincided with the inauguration of the first edition of the Indian Military Heritage
Festival in New Delhi.
About New Delhi:
Chief Minister: Arvind Kejriwal
Capital: New Delhi
22nd Lieutenant Governor: Vinai Kumar Saxena
India will Host World’s Largest Textiles Event, Bharat Tex 2024
• The upcoming Bharat Tex 2024 Expo, scheduled to take place from February 26-29, next year.
• Bharat Tex 2024 Expo has been conceived as the largest textile fair in the world in terms of exhibition area.
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Govt will Investtr-₹30,000 Crore to Expand Crop Insurance Portal Coverage
• The government has unveiled plans to allocate ₹30,000 crore to enhance the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
(PMFBY) portal.
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About Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana:
Launched: 18 February 2016; 7 years ago
Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Prime Minister(s): Narendra Modi
Amit Shah to inaugurate India's first nano DAP plant in Gandhinagar

• Addressing a large number of farmers after inaugurating the Country’s first Nano DAP plant by IFFCO near Kalol
in Gandhinagar.
• The Nano liquid dap plant in Kalol has been set up by IFFCO at the cost of 300 crore rupees.
• The plant has been developed in tune with the Aatmnirbhar Bharat vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
About IFFCO:
Founded: 3 November 1967, New Delhi
CEO: Dr. Udai Shanker Awasthi (1993–)
m
Founder: Udaybhansinhji Natwarsinhji Jethwa
About Gujarat:
Chief Minister: Bhupendrabhai Patel
Governor: Acharya Devvrat
. c o
s
India and Malaysia Kick Off “Exercise Harimau Shakti 2023” Bilateral Training
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• The Indian and Malaysian armies have initiated “Exercise Harimau Shakti 2023.”
• This joint bilateral training exercise, held at Umroi Cantonment in India.
k e
• The last edition of “Exercise Harimau Shakti” took place in Pulai, Kluang, Malaysia, in November 2022.
• “Exercise Harimau Shakti 2023,” scheduled until November 5, 2023, will involve approximately 120 military
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personnel from both sides.
a
About Malaysia:
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Capital: Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur
President: Anwar bin Ibrahim
Currency: Malaysian Ringgit
o p
54th IFFI Reveals Indian Panorama Lineup For 2023 Scheduled To Be Held in Goa In November
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• IFFI has officially announced its Indian Panorama selection for 2023. Featuring a diverse array of 25 feature films
and 20 non-feature films. These cinematic gems will be showcased during the festival, scheduled to run from
November 20 to November 28 in Goa. 8J6D0A tr-5G2J7B5A
NCERT to Replace ‘India’ with ‘Bharat’ in Upcoming Books
• National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has given its approval to replace the term “India”
with “Bharat”
About NCERT:
Founded: 1961
Founders: Ministry of Education of India, Government of India
Committee Chairperson: C I Isaac
Shillong Hosts Green Tourism Conclave For Responsible Tourism In Northeast

• Meghalaya’s Tourism Minister, Bah Paul Lyngdoh, graced the event as the chief guest.
About Meghalaya:
Capital: Shillong
Chief minister: Conrad Kongkal Sangma
Governor: Shri Phagu Chauhan
PM Modi To Attend The Inauguration Of Lord Ram’s Idol At Ayodhya Temple

• The date set for this auspicious occasion is January 22, 2024.
PM Modi Inaugurated 37th 6M0T

5Q8TEdition of National Games in Panaji, Goa
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• The 37th edition of the National Games has marked a historic moment as it is being held in Goa for the very first
time.
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About Goa:
Chief Minister: Pramod Sawant
Governor: P. S. Sreedharan Pillai
Capital: Panaji (Executive Branch)
Amit Shah Launched Logo, Website and Brochure of NCEL in New Delhi
• Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently inaugurated the logo, website, and brochure of the National Cooperative
Exports Limited (NCEL) during a grand event in New Delhi.
PM Modi Inaugurated the 7th Edition of Indian Mobile Congress (IMC) In New Delhi
• During the event, Akash Ambani introduced Reliance Jio’s groundbreaking initiative – Space Fibre, India’s first
satellite-based giga fibre service capable of delivering internet speeds of up to 1 Gbps.
• The India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2023, scheduled from October 27 to 29, is Asia’s largest telecom, media, and
technology forum.
Rajasthan govt launched ‘iStart Talent Connect Portal’

• Rajasthan government unveiled the ‘iStart Talent Connect Portal’ at Jaipur’s Techno Hub.
About Rajasthan
c o m
Capital: Jaipur;
Chief minister: Ashok Gehlot;
Governor: Kalraj Mishra.
r s .
Jai Bhim Mukhyamatri Pratibha Vikas Yojna Launched By Delhi Government
k e
• The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi is inviting applications from eligible students belonging
r a n
to SC/ST/OBC/EWS categories for free coaching under the “Jai Bhim Mukhyamatri Pratibha Vikas Yojna.”
ICAR and Thünen Institute, Germany to organize a workshop to address food losses and waste from
p
30thOctober to 1st November, 2023
• The Indian Council of Agriculture Research in collaboration with the Thünen Institute is organizing International
Karandlaje.
About ICAR:
Founded: 16 July 1929
o
Workshop on Food Loss and Waste Prevention in South Asian Region at National Agricultural Science Centre
Complex, New Delhi from 30th October to 1st November, 2023.
T
• The workshop will be inaugurated by Union Minister of State for Agriculture& Farmers’Welfare, Sushri Shobha
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Director: Himashu Pathak

President: Minister of Agriculture
Indian Army and Air Force Contingent Set Off for ‘Exercise KAZIND-2023’
• The objective is to participate in the 7th edition of the Joint Military ‘Exercise KAZIND-2023.’
• This collaborative endeavor will take place in Otar, Kazakhstan, spanning from 30th October to 11th November
2023.
Indian Navy Launches 25T Bollard Pull Tug ‘MAHABALI’ In Gujarat

• Commodore Sunil Kaushik, launched the remarkable vessel, the 25T Bollard Pull Tug named ‘Mahabali,’ on the 28th
of October 2023 at M/s Shoft Shipyard Pvt Ltd in Bharuch, Gujarat.
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INTERNATIONAL
Pakistan's inflation rises to 31.4% y/y amid high energy prices
• Pakistan’s inflation rate surged to 31.4% year-on-year in September, driven by soaring fuel and energy prices. This
alarming increase followed a high of 27.4% in August, highlighting the severe economic challenges faced by the
nation.
• The International Monetary Fund’s approval of a $3 billion loan in July prevented a sovereign debt default but
imposed stringent conditions. Reforms, such as easing import restrictions and removing subsidies, fueled annual
inflation, reaching a record 38.0% in May.
• To curb inflation, Pakistan increased interest rates to a staggering 22%.
Maldives election: Pro-China candidate Muizzu wins presidency

• In a closely-watched election in the Maldives, Mohamed Muizzu, the candidate from the Progressive Party of
Maldives (PPM), emerged victorious in the presidential polls after a runoff vote. Muizzu secured more than 53
percent of the vote in the runoff, defeating the incumbent president, Ibrahim Solih.
• In the first round of voting, Muizzu led with approximately 46 percent of the votes, while Ibrahim Solih trailed with
c o m
.
39 percent.
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• The runoff election saw Muizzu consolidating his lead with over 53 percent of the votes, as reported by local media
r
sources after tallying results from all 586 ballot boxes.
• President Ibrahim Solih gracefully conceded defeat and congratulated Muizzu on his victory.
Indonesia Starts Southeast Asia’s First High-Speed Rail Operations
k e
n
• Indonesian President Joko Widodo officially inaugurated Southeast Asia’s first high-speed railway on Monday,
a
marking a significant milestone for the nation’s infrastructure development. The ambitious project, known as the
r
“Whoosh” high-speed railway, is a key component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative and is poised to dramatically
reduce travel times between two vital Indonesian cities.
o p
• With an estimated cost of $7.3 billion, this monumental infrastructure project was predominantly funded by China.
It was brought to fruition through the joint efforts of PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China (PT KCIC), a collaboration
between an Indonesian consortium comprising four state-owned companies and China Railway International Co.
Ltd.
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Uganda Airlines to start direct flight to Mumbai thrice a week 7B5A8J6D0A
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• On 3 October, Uganda Airlines announced a significant milestone in its operations by commencing direct flight
services between Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport and Entebbe International Airport in
Uganda. The maiden flight for this route, UR 430, is scheduled to take off from Entebbe on 7 October, with the
return flight, UR 431, departing from Mumbai on 8 October.
• Uganda Airlines has taken a significant step in expanding its international network by launching direct services
between Mumbai and Entebbe. The commencement of this route, effective from 7 October, is set to strengthen the
ties between the two nations in various domains, including trade, commerce, and tourism.
Euro zone economy likely contracted in Q3

• Recent data and surveys suggest that the eurozone economy likely contracted in the third quarter of the year.
Demand in the region saw a significant decline in September, marking the fastest pace of decrease in nearly three
years.
• The final Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI), compiled by S&P Global and considered a reliable indicator
of overall economic health, inched up to 47.2 in September.
• Compared to August’s 46.7. However, this figure remained below the critical 50-mark, indicating a fourth
consecutive month of economic contraction. While it slightly exceeded a preliminary estimate of 47.1, it still points
to economic challenges.
Bangladesh gets first uranium shipment from Russia for nuclear power plant
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• Bangladesh recently received its first shipment of uranium from Russia, which will be used to fuel the country’s
Rooppur nuclear power plant. The plant, financed and constructed by Russia’s Rosatom.
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• The Rooppur power plant, located in Ishwardi, Bangladesh, will generate 2,400 megawatts of electricity when both
units are fully operational.
• This capacity will provide electricity to approximately 15 million households in Bangladesh, making a substantial
contribution to the nation’s energy needs.
• Russia has funded the construction of the Rooppur power plant with an $11.38 billion loan.
• Bangladesh will begin repaying this loan over a period of two decades, starting in 2027.
• Once the Rooppur plant begins production, Bangladesh will join the ranks of over 30 countries with operational
nuclear power reactors.
Instant View: US job growth smashes expectations, raising prospects for rate hikes
• In a surprising turn of events, the U.S. job market experienced substantial growth in September, bolstering the case
for potential interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve later this year.
• While wage growth is exhibiting signs of moderation, the latest employment report from the Labor Department
suggests that the labor market remains robust.
m
• Nonfarm payrolls, a key indicator of employment trends, saw a remarkable increase of 336,000 jobs in September.
o
Even more encouraging, the August data was revised upward, indicating the addition of 227,000 jobs, as opposed
to the previously reported 187,000.
“Operation Al-Aqsa Flood” Unleashed by Hamas Sparks Widespread Violence
r s .
• The Israel-Palestine conflict has escalated dramatically as Hamas, the armed Palestinian group, initiated “Operation
Al-Aqsa Flood,” firing over 5,000 rockets into Israel. The situation quickly escalated into a full-scale war, resulting
c
in significant casualties and widespread fear among civilians.
k e
• Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared a state of war, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation.
He asserted that this was not a mere operation but a full-blown war. Netanyahu vowed that Hamas would face an
unparalleled retaliation.
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• Hamas launched a massive rocket barrage with more than 5,000 rockets targeting Israel. The attacks were swift and
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intense, causing panic among Israeli citizens. Reports indicated the use of unconventional methods, such as
p
paragliders, and attacks on civilians on roads.
T o
US deploying ships closer to Israel, sends munitions
• Amidst a recent attack by the Palestinian terrorist organization Hamas, President Joe Biden has promptly
demonstrated solidarity with Israel. Given its role as a key arms provider to Israel, the United States is dispatching
military reinforcements and aid to strengthen Israel’s defense capabilities.
• The Pentagon’s move to send the aircraft carrier USS Gerald
Mediterranean.
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R.7BFord and accompanying warships to the eastern
• Strengthening fighter aircraft squadrons in the region to bolster Israel’s defense.

• The United States’ historical role as a major supplier of arms to Israel.
• A swift and unwavering commitment to providing “rock solid” support.
India, Switzerland celebrate 75 yrs of friendship at Kumaon village

• India and Switzerland recently celebrated 75 years of their enduring friendship and fruitful collaboration in a
beautiful Kumaon village nestled in the Uttarakhand region of India.
• The three-day event, aptly named ‘Swiss Himalayan Bounty,’ unfolded last week at a charming homestay in Satoli
village, positioned at an altitude of 6,000 feet near Mukteshwar in the Nainital district.
• A significant focus of the celebration was the showcase of the remarkable achievements of rural women in the
Champawat district who have reaped the benefits of projects supported by the Switzerland-based organization,
Swiss Himalayan Amity (SHA).
• SHA’s involvement in the region revolves around four distinct programs: Aarohi, Arogya, Alaap, and Cankids.
India, China hold 20th round of military talks In Ladakh

• India and China held their 20th corps commander-level meeting at the Chushul-Moldo border in Ladakh.
• The recent round of talks built on the progress made during previous Corps Commander meetings held on August
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• In 2019, the Indian government revoked the special autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir and bifurcated it into two
union territories – Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh.
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• China is the world's most populous country, with over 1.4 billion people.
• The capital of China is Beijing.
Sri Lanka’s Strategic Trade Revisions: A Roadmap for Economic Transformation

• Sri Lanka’s State Minister of Finance, Shehan Semasinghe, has announced the country’s intentions to renegotiate
its free trade agreements (FTAs) with key bilateral partners.
• Three pivotal partners are- India, China, and Thailand.
• This agreement involves 16 Asian countries and seeks to enhance trade and economic cooperation within the region.
Tallest BR Ambedkar Statue Outside India Unveiled In Washington

• In a historic event, a 19-foot tall statue of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of India’s Constitution, was
formally inaugurated in a suburb of Maryland, Washington.
• The statue was crafted by the renowned artist and sculptor Ram Sutar, who is known for creating the ‘Statue of
Unity’ of Sardar Patel, located on an island in Gujarat’s Narmada River.
m
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, born on 14th April 1891.
• He was the chairman of the Constituent Assembly’s Drafting Committee.
• He is known as Babasaheb and is recognized as the Architect of the Indian Constitution.
• He passed away on 6th December 1956 and his legacy continues to inspire millions.
. c o
India-Sri Lanka Ferry Service Reopens after Four Decades
• The passenger ferry service, named ‘Cheriyapani,’ was officially launched.
e r s
• Sea route between India and Sri Lanka has been rejuvenated with the inauguration of a passenger ferry service from
1900s until 1982.
a n k
Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu to Kankesanthurai in Jaffna, Northern Sri Lanka.
• Indo-Ceylon Express or Boat Mail operated between Chennai and Colombo via the Thoothukudi port from the early
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Power Minister R.K. Singh To conduct ISA’s Sixth Assembly In New Delhi From October 30
• The ISA, a pivotal international initiative, was jointly launched by India and France following the COP21 summit in
o
Paris.
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Japan Becomes First Nation to Launch an Electromagnetic Railgun From An Offshore Vessel
• On October 17, the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) in collaboration with the Acquisition Technology
& Logistics Agency (ATLA), a division of the Japanese Ministry of Defense,
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successfully test-fired a medium-caliber
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maritime electromagnetic railgun from an offshore platform.
About Japan:
Prime minister: Fumio Kishida Trending
Capital: Tokyo
US Imposes Sanctions on Three Chinese Firms for Alleged Missile Component Supply to Pakistan
• These sanctions were issued under Executive Order 13382.
• The three Chinese companies subjected to sanctions are-
1. General Technology Limited
2. Beijing Luo Luo Technology Development
3. Changzhou Utek Composite Company
About USA:
Capital: Washington, D.C.
Attorney general: Merrick Garland
Continent: North America
About Pakistan:
Capital: Islamabad
President: Arif Alvi
Prime minister: Mr. Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar
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Sri Lanka announces visas for Indians to boost tourism
• Sri Lanka, in a bid to revitalize its tourism sector, has taken a significant step by waiving visa fees for tourists from
seven countries (China, India, Russia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan).
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About Sri Lanka:
Capitals: Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Prime minister: Dinesh Gunawardena
Cyclone ‘Hamoon’ Weakens into Deep Depression over Bangladesh and Mizoram
• Cyclone ‘Hamoon’ was named by Iran. ‘Hamoon’ is a Persian term signifying temporary desert lakes and
marshlands.
About Bangladesh:
Capital: Dhaka
Currency: Bangladeshi Taka
Prime minister: Sheikh Hasina
President: Mohammed Shahabuddin
About Mizoram:
Capital: Aizawl
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Chief Minister: Zoramthanga
Governor: Kambhampati Hari Babu
US house of representative elected its new speaker

• Republican Congressman Mike Johnson from Louisiana has been elected as the Speaker of the House of
. c o
Representatives.
• It’s the third-highest in the line of succession after the U.S. President.
About USA:
e r s
k
President: Joe Biden
Robert Fico to become Slovakia’s new prime minister
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• Slovakia’s newly appointed Prime Minister, Robert Fico, has taken office for the fourth time.
About Slovakia:
Prime minister: Robert Fico
Capital: Bratislava
Currency: Euro
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Republican Mike Johnson Elected New US House Speaker
• Mike Johnson, a relatively lesser-known Republican from Louisiana,
US House of Representatives.
tr-5G2J7B5Ahas
0A
8J6Dtaken the elected as the new speaker of the
• He is the first Louisianan to become speaker and the first southerner to serve as speaker since Republican Newt
Gingrich of Georgia in the 1990s.
• Johnson was elected to the Louisiana statehouse in 2015 and ran for Congress successfully in 2016.
Malaysia picks ruler of Johor state as country’s new king

• Malaysia’s royal families have elected Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor state as the country’s new king.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres Launches Advisory Body On Artificial Intelligence

• To facilitate international cooperation and consensus on AI governance, a 39-member advisory body has been
established.
CCI Becomes A Member Of International Competition Network Committee

• (CCI) has becoming a part of the prestigious 18-member steering committee of the International Competition
Network (ICN).
FATF Removes Cayman Islands from Its ‘Grey List’

• In a review published on October 27, 2023, Financial Action Task Force (FATF) announced the removal of several
countries from its2M
‘grey
7L5Qlist.’ 0T
8T6MThese countries include the Cayman Islands, Panama, Jordan, and Albania.
tr-5U
• While several countries celebrated their removal from the ‘grey list,’ FATF added Bulgaria to the list.
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About FATF:
Founded: 1989
Headquarters: Paris, France
Founder: Group of Seven
President: T Raja Kumar
Norway to Support India’s ‘Hunger Project’ In Uttarakhand

• With a budget of ₹44.7 million and a three-year duration until September 2026.
About Uttarakhand:
Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami
Governor: Gurmit Singh
About Norway:
Capital: Oslo
King: Harald V of Norway
m
Currency: Norwegian Krone
Prime minister: Jonas Gahr Støre
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
. c o
Indian Navy unveils cutting-edge autonomous weaponized boat swarms and underwater vessels at
Swavlamban 2.0
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• The Indian Navy is preparing to host the second edition of the Naval Innovation and Indigenization Seminar, known
Weaponized Boat Swarms and the Autonomous Vessel Underwater (AUV).
k
as Swavlamban, scheduled to take place on October 4th and 5th in the vibrant city of New Delhi. The Autonomous
n
• This initiative, championed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, aims to foster
a
innovation and technology development within the Defense and Aerospace Sector, actively engaging Micro, Small,
p r
and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), start-ups, and individual innovators to develop specialized technologies.
• The Indian Navy has entered into a significant agreement with Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt. Ltd for the
o
development of Autonomous Weaponized Boat Swarms.
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India: IAF to conduct Astra missiles by end of 2023
• The Indian Air Force (IAF) is making significant strides towards enhancing its air defense capabilities with the
impending induction of indigenous Astra Beyond Visual Range (BVR) Air-to-Air
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Missiles. The IAF has entered into
contracts with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL). tr-5G2J7B5A8J
• The first batch of Astra-MK1 missiles, developed by the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL)
and Research Centre Imarat (RCI) among other DRDO laboratories, is slated for induction by the end of 2023.
• Astra missiles have been successfully integrated onto the SU-30MKI aircraft, demonstrating their compatibility and
effectiveness.
• The missile was test-fired from the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas off the coast of Goa, reaching an altitude of
20,000 ft.
ISRO to Conduct Maiden Test Flight of Gaganyaan Mission On October 21

• Jitendra Singh, Minister of State for Space, Science, and Technology, officially announced that, on October 21.
• ISRO is poised to make history as it prepares to conduct the first in a series of critical test flights in anticipation of
the much-anticipated Gaganyaan mission.
• Test flight will be executed at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota
ISRO tie-up With Vijnana Bharati (VIBHA) For ‘Space On Wheels’ Exhibition
• The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Vijnana Bharati (VIBHA) have joined hands to create an
exciting and educational initiative called the “Space on Wheels” program.
• This program is designed to take the wonders of space exploration to the East Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh.
About ISRO: 8T6M0T
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Headquarters: Bengaluru;
Founded: 15 August 1969;
Founder: Vikram Sarabhai;
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Chairperson: S. Somanath.
ISRO’s Gaganyaan Test Missions TV-D1: A Historical Milestone

• United States and Russia have vied for supremacy above Earth, especially during the 1950s and 1960s.
• Additional test flights will be conducted before the planned 2025 crewed mission.
About ISRO:
Headquarters: Bengaluru
Founded: 15 August 1969
Founder: Vikram Sarabhai
Skyroot Aerospace unveils Vikram-1 rocket, scheduled for full launch next year
• Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Union Minister of Science and Technology, unveiled Skyroot’s Vikram-1 orbital rocket in
Hyderabad.
• Skyroot’s co-founder and CEO, Pawan Kumar Chandana, has emphasized the partly commercial nature of Vikram-
m
1’s inaugural launch.
• Vikram-1 is designed to place multiple satellites into orbit, a first for India and one of the first globally.
• This rocket represents Skyroot’s second successful project following the Vikram-S rocket’s triumphant launch on
November 18th, 2022.
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Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) And Safran To Make Aircraft Engine Parts
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• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Safran Aircraft Engines, a leading French aero engine design,
development, and manufacturing company.
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APPOINTMENT & RESIGNATIONS
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Lt General Raghu Srinivasan Takes Over As Border Roads Organisation Chief
• Lieutenant General Raghu Srinivasan assumed the role of the 28th Director General (DG) of the Border Roads
o p
Organisation (BRO) on Saturday. This transition follows the superannuation of Lt Gen Rajeev Chaudhry.
• Srinivasan is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy in Khadakwasla and the Indian Military Academy in
Dehradun, where he was commissioned into the Corps of Engineers in 1987.
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Cricket World Cup 2023: Ajay Jadeja named Afghanistan’s team mentor for WC2023
• Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB) appointed former India captain Ajay 6D
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Jadeja
0A as the team mentor for the upcoming
ODI World Cup, scheduled to be held in India from October 5 to November 19.
• Ajay Jadeja, a former Indian captain and middle-order batter, has a distinguished cricketing career to his name. He
played 15 Test matches for India from 1992 to 2000, amassing 576 runs at an impressive average of 26.18, with four
half-centuries to his name.
• Ajay Jadeja’s contributions extend beyond international cricket. He has been an integral part of 111 First-Class
matches and 291 List A games, showcasing his versatility and proficiency across different formats of the game.
Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti, AVSM, VSM assumed charge as Deputy Chief Of Naval Staff
• Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti, AVSM, VSM, took over as the Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff, marking a significant
transition in the leadership of the Indian Navy. With a distinguished career spanning over 35 years, Vice Admiral
Tarun Sobti brings a wealth of experience and expertise to his new role.
• Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti was commissioned into the Indian Navy on July 1, 1988, embarking on a journey that
would see him become a distinguished leader in the maritime domain. He specialized in Navigation and Direction,
a critical aspect of naval operations.
Centre extends Amit Agarwal's tenure as CEO of UIDAI for one year
• The central government has extended the tenure of senior IAS officer Amit Agrawal as CEO of the Unique
Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) for one year.
• As per an order5U issued by8Tthe Ministry of Personnel, Amit Agrawal, a 1993-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
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officer of the Chhattisgarh cadre, has been given in extension of his service as the CEO of UIDIA for a period of one
year beyond November 2, 2023, to November 2, 2024, or until further orders, whichever is earlier.
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RBI appointed Muneesh Kapur as its new executive director
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced the appointment of Muneesh Kapur as an Executive Director (ED)
starting from October 3, 2023.
• This significant appointment brings Mr. Kapur into a key leadership position within the central bank.
• Before his promotion to the role of Executive Director, Muneesh Kapur held the position of Adviser-in-Charge
within the Monetary Policy Department.
• Additionally, he served as the Secretary to the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), where he played a crucial role
in shaping the nation’s monetary policy.
• In his new capacity as Executive Director, Muneesh Kapur will assume responsibility for overseeing the operations
of the Department of Economic and Policy Research.
Former HDFC Bank chief Aditya Puri joins Deloitte as senior adviser
• Former managing director and CEO of HDFC Bank Aditya Puri joined Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP as
senior adviser.
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• Puri would leverage his expertise and experience to help drive a tech-enabled transformation in the financial
services sector and champion initiatives aimed at boosting financial inclusion across India, Deloitte said in a
statement.
• Puri was appointed CEO of HDFC Bank in 1994 and retired after 26 years of service. In June, Deloitte announced
the appointment of Manoj Kohli, former CEO of Bharati Airtel and Softbank India, as senior adviser.
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Government Extends tenure of SBI Chairman Dinesh Khara Until August 2024
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• In a significant development, Centre has decided to extend the tenure of Mr. Dinesh Khara as the Chairman of the
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State Bank of India (SBI), the nation’s largest lender, until August of the following year.
• It is began on October 7, 2020, for a three-year term, is now set to continue until he reaches the age of 63.
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• Dinesh Khara, the man at the helm of India’s largest commercial bank, has a remarkable career trajectory within
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the State Bank of India. He embarked on his journey with the bank as a probationary officer in 1984, marking the
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beginning of a distinguished service record spanning almost four decades.
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Mukesh Ambani's JioMart ropes MS Dhoni as brand ambassador
• Reliance Retail’s JioMart has signed up Mahendra Singh Dhoni, India’s most iconic cricketer, as its brand
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ambassador. Dhoni’s association comes alongside the rebranding of their festive campaign JioMart to “JioUtsav,
Celebrations Of India,” which is scheduled to launch on October 8, 2023.
• Whether it’s electronics, groceries, fashion, or home essentials, JioMart aims to provide a wide array of choices to
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tr-5G2J7B5A8J with over 1000 artisans and offers a diverse
cater to every customer’s needs. Currently, the platform collaborates
range of 150,000 unique products.
Navneet Munot Elected Chairman of the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI)
• AMFI has recently elected Navneet Munot, the Managing Director and CEO of HDFC Asset Management, as the
Chairman.
• He will succeed A Balasubramanian, Managing Director of Aditya Birla Sun Life Asset Management Company.
• A Balasubramanian, the outgoing Chairman of AMFI, has played a pivotal role in the organization.
• Board of AMFI has also elected Anthony Heredia, MD and CEO of Mahindra Manulife Mutual Fund, as the Vice-
Chairman.
South Indian Bank appoints VJ Kurian as its new chairman

• VJ Kurian has been appointed as the non-executive part-time chairman of the South Indian Bank, based in Thrissur
• This development follows regulatory approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and comes as Salim
Gangadharan.
• South Indian Bank Headquarters: Thrissur, Kerala;
• South Indian Bank Founded: 25 January 1929.
B K Mohanty Assumes Charge As Director Of Finance At IREDA

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• Dr. Bijay Kumar Mohanty officially assumed the role of Director (Finance) at the Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency Ltd. (IREDA).
• Dr. Bijay Kumar Mohanty’s appointment as Director (Finance) at IREDA signals.
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About IREDA
Founded: 1987
Headquarters: India Habitat Centre, East Court
Justice Siddharth Mridul appointed as the chief justice of Manipur High Court
• Justice Siddharth Mridul was appointed as the chief justice of Manipur High Court three months after the Supreme
Court Collegium recommendation.
About Manipur:
Chief Minister: N. Biren Singh
Governor: Anusuiya Uikey
HP Appoints Ipsita Dasgupta as Senior Vice President & MD for India

• Ipsita Dasgupta as the Senior Vice President & Managing Director for its India market.
• Ms. Dasgupta’s role will encompass overseeing all facets of HP’s strategy and profitability in the India, Bangladesh,
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and Sri Lanka regions.
About Hewlett-Packard (HP):
Headquarters: Palo Alto, California, United States;
President: Enrique Lores.
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Sanjay Kumar Jain Appointed as CMD of IRCTC
About IRCTC:
Founded: 27 September 1999
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Ashok Vaswani to Succeed Uday Kotak As New CEO Of Kotak Mahindra Bank
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• Ashok Vaswani, a seasoned international banker with a remarkable career, is set to take the chair as the Managing
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Director and Chief Executive Officer of Kotak Mahindra Bank.
• In the interim period, the board of Kotak Mahindra Bank appointed Dipak Gupta as the Chief Executive Officer for
director.
About Kotak Mahindra Bank:
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four months. Uday Kotak, despite relinquishing his role as CEO, continues to serve on the board as a non-executive
Founder: Uday Kotak

Founded: 21 November 1985
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Air Marshal Sadhna Saxena Nair takes charge as DG Hospital Services

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• She is the first woman to hold this esteemed position upon her promotion to the rank of Air Marshal.
Lay’s Appointed Mahendra Singh Dhoni as Brand Ambassador

• Lay’s announces cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni as its brand ambassador, starring in a campaign – ‘No Lay’s, No
Game.’
About Lay’s:
Parent organization: PepsiCo, Inc
Founded: September 1961
Chetan Bhagat Appointed Brand Ambassador For Edtech startup, Henry Harvin Education
• Edtech startup Henry Harvin Education (HHE) recently announced acclaimed author and speaker Chetan Bhagat
as its Brand Ambassador.
• Founder and CEO of Henry Harvin Education: Kounal Gupta
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ISB Prof Sarang Deo appointed by WHO on its TB Advisory Group
About WHO:
Founded: 7 April 1948
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
President: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
About Indian School of Business:
Founded: 2001
Chairperson: Harish Manwani
Dean: Madan Pillutla
Founders: Rajat Gupta, anil kumar
Amol Muzumdar Takes Over as Head Coach of India Women

• The position of the head coach had been vacant since December 2022 when Ramesh Powar was abruptly removed
from his post as part of the BCCI’s “restructuring module.”
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About Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI):
President: Roger Binny
Founded: December 1928
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EC To Appoint Actor Rajkummar Rao As Its ‘National Icon’
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• Actor Rajkummar Rao, celebrated for his portrayal of a principled government clerk in the Hindi film “Newton”.
About Election Commission of India (EC):
Formed: 25 January 1950
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Jurisdiction: Government of India
First executive: Sukumar Sen
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Current executive: Rajiv Kumar
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Swiss Watchmaker ‘Rado’ Appoints Katrina Kaif as Global Brand Ambassador
• Adrian Bosshard, the CEO of Rado also expressed his enthusiasm about this association.
Founded: 1917, Lengnau, Switzerland
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Parent organization: The Swatch Group
Headquarters: Lengnau, Switzerland
Founders: Ernst Schlup, Werner Schlup, Fritz Schlup
SBI Ropes in Cricket Icon MS Dhoni as Brand Ambassador

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• The State Bank of India (SBI), the nation’s largest lender, has appointed the legendary cricketer Mahendra Singh
Dhoni as its official Brand Ambassador.
About SBI:
Chairperson: Dinesh Kumar Khara;
Founded: 1 July 1955;
Headquarters: Mumbai.
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AWARDS & RECOGNITION
Trio win 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for use of light to study electrons
• Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier “for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of
light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”. This year Nobel Laureates in Physics 2023 are being recognised
for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and
molecules.
• Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of
light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.
Sudha Murty Makes History As The First Female Recipient of Global Indian Award
• Renowned author, philanthropist and the wife of Infosys co-founder N.R. Narayana Murthy, Sudha Murthy, was
honored with the prestigious Global Indian Award by the Canada India Foundation (CIF) at a grand Indo-Canadian
gala in Toronto. The award, which carries a value of $50,000, is presented annually to an outstanding Indian
personality who has left an indelible mark in their respective field.
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Mathematician Ruixiang Zhang to receive 2023 Sastra Ramanujan Prize
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• Mathematician Ruixiang Zhang, an Assistant Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, has been
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selected as the recipient of the prestigious 2023 SASTRA Ramanujan Prize.
• The prize, which includes a cash award of $10,000, will be presented during an international conference in Number
Kumbakonam during the third week of December.
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Theory, held in the hometown of the renowned mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, at SASTRA University in
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• In keeping with the legacy of Srinivasa Ramanujan, whose groundbreaking work was accomplished during his
tragically brief life of 32 years, the SASTRA Ramanujan Prize maintains an age limit of 32 years for its recipients.
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Katalin kariko drew weissman get nobel prize for medicine
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• Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were jointly awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on
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Monday for their groundbreaking contributions to the development of highly effective mRNA vaccines against
COVID-19.
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• The prestigious recognition underscores the critical role of their discoveries related to nucleoside base
modifications in enabling the rapid creation of these vaccines during the pandemic.
Nobel Peace Prize awarded to jailed Iranian activist Narges tr-

Mohammadi
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• Narges Mohammadi “for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights
and freedom for all”. The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2023 to to
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Narges Mohammadi for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights
and freedom for all.The regime has arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times, and sentenced her to a total of
31 years in prison and 154 lashes.
• The motto adopted by the demonstrators – “Woman – Life – Freedom” – suitably expresses the dedication and work
of Narges Mohammadi.
Bal Sahitya Puraskar in Manipuri language for Dilip Nongmaithem

• The Sahitya Akademi, India’s premier literary institution, has once again recognized and celebrated outstanding
literary contributions with the prestigious ‘Bal Sahitya Puraskar‘ for the year 2023. This time, the honor has been
conferred upon Dilip Nongmaithem, an accomplished author in the Manipuri language, for his remarkable work
titled “Ibemma Amasung Ngabemma.”
• In this instance, a panel of distinguished literary experts comprising three members, namely Dr. Hamom
Nabachandra Singha, Dr. Khundongbam Gokulchandra Singh, and Prof. Naorem Bidyasagar Singha, played a
pivotal role in evaluating the nominated works.
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Jailed Iranian activist Narges Mohammadi wins Nobel Peace Prize
• Narges Mohammadi “for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights
and freedom for all”. The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2023 to to
Narges Mohammadi for her fight against the oppression of women in Iran and her fight to promote human rights
and freedom for all. Her brave struggle has come with tremendous personal costs. Altogether, the regime has
arrested her 13 times, convicted her five times, and sentenced her to a total of 31 years in prison and 154 lashes.
• This year’s peace prize also recognises the hundreds of thousands of people who, in the preceding year, have
demonstrated against Iran’s theocratic regime’s policies of discrimination and oppression targeting women. The
motto adopted by the demonstrators – “Woman – Life – Freedom” – suitably expresses the dedication and work of
Narges Mohammadi.
The survivor wins best action film at Cannes world film festival
• Each year, over 100 films grace the screens, but it’s only a handful among them that truly engraves an enduring and
unforgettable impact on people. One such cinematic gem that has the global audience in sheer astonishment is
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multi-talented Rajath Rajanikath’s ‘The Survivor.’ It has set new standards of excellence, leaving an indomitable
legacy in its wake by garnering praise at numerous film festivals.
• Having the outmost passion & desire of being an actor Rajath learnt aspects of filmmaking to put himself on screen,
playing the Lead Actor, writer, director & editor of the film.
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• This Indian action featurette hooks the viewers to the edge of their seats with its hair-raising plot and amazing
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that some movies don’t need extravagant margins to make a mark.
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action sequences. Helmed on a meager budget by a group of film graduates from Bengaluru, The Survivor proves
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MRPL Secured ‘Best Innovation in Refinery’ Award For 2022-23
• MRPL bestowed by the Union Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas at the 26th Energy Technology Meet 2023.
About Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd (MRPL):
• Parent organization: Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
• Headquarters: Mangaluru
• Founded: 7 March 1988
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• Key people: Subhash Kumar, (Chairman); M. Venkatesh; (MD)
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UP wins award for using telecommunication technology in mental health and counselling
• On October 10th, Uttar Pradesh was awarded the third prize for its outstanding efforts in operationalizing
Telemanas.
• The award was presented by the Ministry of Health and Family 7B5A8J6D0A
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Michael Douglas to be conferred Satyajit Ray Excellence in Film Lifetime Award

• Hollywood actor Michael Douglas is set to receive the prestigious Satyajit Ray Excellence in Film Lifetime Award at
the 54th International Film Festival to be held in Goa.
• The upcoming 54th International Film Festival of India promises to be a star-studded event with the presence of
Hollywood veteran Michael Douglas, Catherine Zeta Jones, and their son.
• The Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award, instituted in the IFFI in 1999.
NTPC Becomes The Only Indian PSU To Feature In Forbes “World’s Best Employers 2023” List
• India’s largest integrated energy conglomerate, NTPC Limited, has achieved a remarkable distinction by being
named one of the “World’s Best Employers 2023” in the Forbes World’s Best Employers list, which was officially
unveiled on October 10, 2023.
• This prestigious recognition places NTPC at the 261st position among the top 700 companies globally.
• NTPC’s inclusion on the Forbes World’s Best Employers List 2023 underscores the company’s commitment to a
progressive “People before PLF” (Plant Load Factor) approach.
About NTPC:
Headquarters: New Delhi, India 0T
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Owner: Government of 7L
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Nawanpind Sardaran Village In Punjab Receives Best Tourism Village Award
• Nawanpind Sardaran village, located in Gurdaspur, Punjab, was recently awarded the title of “Best Tourism Village
of India 2023” by the Union Ministry of Tourism.
• This recognition was a testament to the remarkable efforts of the Sangha sisters.
• The history of Nawanpind Sardaran dates back to the late 19th century when it was founded by Narain Singh.
Gujarat’s Dhordo Awarded UNWTO’s Best Tourism Village 2023

• Dhordo in Gujarat has garnered international recognition after it secured a place on the list of the 54 best tourism
villages announced by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
About Gujarat:
CJI Chandrachud Honored With “Award For Global Leadership” By Harvard Law School
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• Chief Justice of India (CJI) DY Chandrachud, an distinguished alumnus of Harvard Law School, was bestowed with
the prestigious ‘Award for Global Leadership‘.
US President Biden Honors Indian-American Scientists with National Medal for Technology & Innovation
• US President Joe Biden recently awarded the prestigious White House National Medal for Technology and
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Innovation and the National Medal of Science to Ashok Gadgil and Subra Suresh, respectively.
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• Gadgil’s achievement marks the 17th national medal earned by Berkeley Lab researchers and the second National
Medal of Technology and Innovation.
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About USA:
President: Joe Biden
Continent: North America
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Nita Ambani Receives USISPF Global Leadership Award for Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility
• Nita Ambani, Founder and Chair of Reliance Foundation, was honored with the 2023 USISPF Global Leadership
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Award for Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility. The award was presented by John Chambers,
Chairman of USISPF, at a reception in New Delhi.
BOOK & AUTHOR

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Vivek Agnihotri launches his latest book “The Book of Life: My Dance with Buddha for Success”
• Vivek Agnihotri, director of The Kashmir Files, has launched his latest book, “The Book of Life: My Dance with
Buddha for Success” in Lucknow.
• He also directed a medical drama film ‘The Vaccine War’ in 2023. Balram Bhargava is the writer of the book on
which the movie is based.
• Bhargava’s book, ‘Going Viral – Making of Covaxin: The Inside Story’, documents his experiences.
IMPORTANT DAYs
World Nature Day 2023:3rd October
• World Nature Day, established by the World Nature Organization (WNO) on October 3, 2010, serves as a crucial
platform to raise awareness.. In this article, we delve into the significance, celebration, and key facts about World
Nature Day, highlighting its vital role in addressing the environmental issues that affect us all.
• World Nature Day is celebrated in various ways, involving people of all ages and backgrounds.
National zoological park begins celebration of 69th wildlife week

• National Zoological Park kick-started the celebration of 69th Wildlife Week with the theme "Partnerships for
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tr-5U2M7L5Qhonoring the people who are making a difference, on the theme of UN World Wildlife Day
wildlife conservation",
2023 and activities in context to wildlife conservation.
• The National Zoological Park will celebrate “Wildlife Week - 2023” from 02.10.2023 to 08.10.2023.
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• The programme was started with floral tribute for animals died in the National Zoological Park. After this activities
were inaugurated with lightning of lamp by the dignitaries Shri Bivash Ranjan, ADG (WL), MoEF&CC, Shri Sanjay
Shukla, Member Secretary Central Zoo and Dr. Faiyaz A. Khudsar, Biodiversity Expert, University of Delhi.
Awareness activities were organized like Nukkad Natak, expert talk on Biodiversity, video on mission LiFE and
pledge.
World Animal Welfare Day 2023: 4th October

• World Animal Day, also known as World Animal Welfare Day, is a global initiative celebrated annually on October
4th. This day serves as an International Day of Action, advocating for the rights and welfare of animals. The choice
of this date coincides with the feast day of Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals. This event unites animal
lovers worldwide, raising awareness and fostering a sense of responsibility towards the well-being of animals.
• The theme for World Animal Day 2023, “Great or Small, Love Them All,” emphasizes the importance of
acknowledging animals as sentient beings. It underscores the need to elevate global animal care standards and
advocates for animal rights universally.
World Cotton Day 2023:7 October

• World Cotton Day, observed on October 7 each year, emphasises cotton’s importance in generating jobs and
supporting economies, especially in less developed countries. The initiative of World Cotton Day was born in 2019,
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-proposed the World Trade Organization a World Cotton Day celebration on October 7.
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when four cotton producers in sub-Saharan Africa– Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mali, known as the Cotton Four
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• The theme for World Cotton Day 2023, ‘Making cotton fair and sustainable for all, from farm to fashion,’ is
championed by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
World Mental Health Day 2023: 10th October
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to commemorate the importance of mental well-being.
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• World Mental Health Day on October 10th is a global initiative that brings organizations and individuals together
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• This occasion serves to enhance knowledge, raise awareness, and drive actions that promote and protect the mental
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health of all individuals as a fundamental human right.
• World Mental Health Day 2023 provides a platform for individuals and communities to unite under the theme
health challenges.
World Post Day 2023: 9th October

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“Mental health is a universal human right.”
• The theme of World Mental Health Day 2023 serves as a catalyst for individuals and communities to address mental
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• WPD is celebrated each year on October 9th to commemorate the creation of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in
1874.
• Theme for the 2023 is “Together for Trust: Collaborating for a safe and connected future.”
• National Postal Day also celebrated on October 10.
• It was Lord Dalhousie who established India Post for the first time in 1854.
International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2023: 13th October

• The theme of UN International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2023 is “Fighting inequality for a resilient future.”
• The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was started in 1989.
• In 2015 at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan.
World Students Day 2023: 15 October

• World Students Day, observed on October 15 each year, is a day dedicated to commemorating the birth anniversary
of the late Indian President, Dr. A.PJ. Abdul Kalam.
• In 2023, World Students Day takes on special significance as we celebrate the 92nd birth anniversary of the A.P.J.
Abdul Kalam.
• Theme for the day is FAIL: stands for First Attempt in Leaning.
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International Day of Rural Women 2023: 15 October
• The theme of International Day of Rural Women 2023 is “Rural Women Cultivating Good For All”.
• On 18th December 2007, the United Nations General Assembly passed resolution 62/136, formally acknowledging
the crucial role of rural women in agricultural and rural development, enhancing food security and reducing
poverty. Subsequently, on 15th October 2008, the first-ever International Day of Rural Women celebrated.
World Food Day 2023: 16 October

• The roots of World Food Day trace back to the establishment of the United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) in 1945. However, it wasn’t until 1979, during the FAO Conference.
• The theme for World Food Day 2023 is “Water is life, water is food. Leave no one behind.”
About FAO:
Director-General, QU Dongyu;
Headquarters: Rome, Italy;
Founded: 16 October 1945.
World Anaesthesia Day 2023: 16 October

• Also known in some countries as National Anaesthesia Day or Ether Day
• On 16 October to commemorate the first successful demonstration of diethyl ether anaesthesia by William T. G.
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Morton on 16 October 1846.
• The theme for World Anaesthesia Day in 2023 is ‘Anaesthesia and Cancer Care.’
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August 23 to be celebrated as National Space Day, Govt issues notification
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• Indian government has designated August 23rd as National Space Day, a day to celebrate the remarkable success of
the Chandrayaan 3 mission.
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• “With the success of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission on 23rd August 2023, which involved the landing of the Vikram
lander and deployment of the Pragyaan Rover on the lunar surface, India joins an elite group of spacefaring nations.
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International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 2023:17th October
• The UN General Assembly officially declared October 17 as the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
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through resolution 47/196 on December 22, 1992.
Theme for the 2023 is “Decent Work and Social Protection: Putting dignity in practice for all.”
World Trauma Day 2023: 17th October

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• Theme for World Trauma Day 2023 is "Embracing, Resilience, Overcoming Trauma's Impact".
National Police Commemoration Day 2023 Celebrates on 21 October

• On October 21, 1959, ten courageous Policemen laid down their lives in a fierce ambush by heavily armed Chinese
troops at Hot Springs in Ladakh.
International Stuttering Awareness Day 2023: 22 October

• This year, the theme for International Stuttering Awareness Day is “One Size Does NOT Fit All.”
• The ISA, IFA, and European League of Stuttering Associations jointly proclaimed October 22nd as Stuttering
Awareness Day in 1998.
About International Stuttering Association (ISA):
Founded: 1995, Linköping, Sweden
Headquarters: New Ulm, Minnesota, United States
World Development Information Day 2023: 24th October

• Established in 1972.
• Coinciding with United Nations Day, this occasion carries historical significance, commemorating the UN’s
beginning in 1945.
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United Nations Day 2023:24 October
• Anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter in 1945.
• On October 24, 1945, the United Nations came into existence as the UN Charter was ratified.
About United Nations
Founded: 24 October 1945, San Francisco, California, United States;
Headquarters: New York, New York, United States;
Founders: United States, Brazil, United Kingdom, India, France, Iran;
Secretary General: António Guterres.
World Polio Day 2023: Date, Theme and Significance

• The theme for World Polio Day 2023 is “A healthier future for mothers and children.”
About WHO:
Head: Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus;
Founded: 7 April 1948;
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Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
Accession Day 2023: Union Territory of J&K celebrates on 26th October

• UT Jammu and Kashmir celebrates October 26 as a public holiday to commemorate the historic signing of the
Instrument of Accession in 1947.
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76th Shaurya Diwas Celebrates To Mark Landing Of Forces In Kashmir
• The Indian Army marked the 76th ‘Shaurya Diwas’ in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The landing of Indian forces in Kashmir on 27 October 1947.
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On October 27, 1947, Indian Army troops landed at Budgam Airport
International Day of Care and Support 2023:29th October
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• This 29 October marks the UN’s first official International Day for Care and Support.
World Stroke Day 2023: 29th October
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• The theme for World Stroke Day 2023 was officially chosen by the World Stroke Organization (WSO) as ‘Together
we are #Greater Than Stroke.’
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• The WSO launched its first campaign in 2010 called “1 in 6.”
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114th Birth Anniversary of Homi Jehangir Bhabha
• Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, born on October 30, 1909, was atr-renowned
India’s scientific future.
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nuclear physicist and a key figure in shaping
• The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan in 1954.

• He was recognized as a Fellow of the Royal Society, London.
• World audio drama day 2023: 30th October
OBITUARIES
Veteran Trade Union Leader Anathalavattom Anandan Dies
• Veteran CPI(M) leader and former legislator Anathalavattom Anandan, who played a key role in building the trade
union base for the party in the state, passed away at a hospital on Thursday. He was 86 years old.
• Anathalavattom Anandan was born in Varkala, Thiruvananthapuram district, in 1937. His journey in the world of
politics began in 1954 when he actively participated in an agitation advocating for higher wages for coir workers in
his village.
• In 1956, Anandan became a member of the undivided Communist Party of India (CPI) and remained steadfast even
after the party split in 1964.
Terence Davies: Screenwriter and film director dies aged 77

• British filmmaker Terence
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at the age of 77 at home after a short illness. He is recognized for his internationally acclaimed films, including
‘Distant Voices, Still Lives’ and ‘The Long Day Closes’.
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• Terence Davies was celebrated for his unique approach to cinema, which often delved into themes such as LGBT
life, Catholicism, and other common aspects of human existence.
World Post Day 2023: 9th October

• World Post Day is celebrated each year on October 9th to commemorate the creation of the Universal Postal Union
(UPU) in 1874. It’s a day to recognize the crucial role that post offices play in connecting communities, and in 2023,
the theme is “Together for Trust: Collaborating for a safe and connected future.”
• The history of postal services dates back centuries, with the first organized postal service said to have been
established during the time of Augustus Caesar in Rome. Remarkably, the oldest functioning post office is in
Sanquhar, Scotland, operating since 1712 AD.
• World Post Day was officially declared by the UPU Congress in Tokyo, Japan, in 1969. The UPU is an international
organization that promotes and coordinates postal services worldwide. It currently has 151 member countries, all of
which participate in this annual celebration.
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Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Day 2023: 9th October
• Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Day is an annual celebration held on October 9th. This special day honors the
establishment of the Indian Foreign Service, a critical institution for India’s diplomatic, consular, and commercial
representation worldwide.
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• Indian Foreign Service (IFS) Day is a momentous occasion to celebrate the establishment and enduring legacy of
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promoting India’s interests and fostering global cooperation.
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the IFS. It serves as a reminder of the invaluable contributions made by diplomats and foreign service officers in
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• This day not only honors the past but also looks forward to a future where diplomacy continues to play a vital role
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in shaping India’s international relationships.
India designates October 10th as Good Manufacturing Practice Day
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• The Indian government, in collaboration with the Indian Drugs Manufacturers’ Association (IDMA), is set to
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observe the first-ever National Current Good Manufacturing Practice Day (cGMP Day) on 10th October. This
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initiative aims to underscore the importance of adhering to cGMP guidelines in pharmaceutical manufacturing,
with a focus on improving product quality and ensuring patient safety.
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• Current Good Manufacturing Practices, commonly referred to as cGMP, are stringent quality standards mandated
by the World Health Organization (WHO) for pharmaceutical manufacturing. These guidelines serve as the
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backbone of pharmaceutical operations, providing essential standards to enhance product quality by regulating
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Former Chief Election Commissioner MS Gill Passed Away at the age of 86

• He served as a significant figure in both the Indian bureaucracy and politics.
• He assumed this prestigious role in December 1996 and held it until June 2001.
• He became the first former CEC to join politics when he entered the Rajya Sabha as a member of the Congress party.
• In 2008, he was appointed as the Union Sports Minister.
Former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari, Renowned Peace Broker, Dies at 86

• Martti Ahitsaari, Finland’s 10th president and renowned peace mediator, passed away at the age of 86.
• He was known for his exceptional work in brokering peace in conflict zones, including Kosovo, Indonesia and
Northern Ireland.
• His lifelong commitment to resolving conflicts earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008.
Legendary Spinner and Former Indian Captain, Bishan Singh Bedi Passes Away at 77
• In 1976, Bedi was appointed captain of the Indian cricket team.
• In 1970, Bishan Singh Bedi was honored with the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian awards.
First Black Action Hero, Richard Roundtree Passed Away At 81

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• Richard Roundtree, the iconic actor who redefined African American masculinity in the movies with his
groundbreaking portrayal of the title role in “Shaft,” passed away.
• “Shaft,” released in 1971, was a groundbreaking film, marking one of the first entries in the Blaxploitation genre.
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Baijnath Aggarwal, trustee of Geeta Press Gorakhpur, Passes Away
• Baijnath Agarwal, the dedicated trustee of Gita Press Gorakhpur, passed away at the age of 90.
• He was honored with the prestigious Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2021.
About Gita Press
Founder: Jayadayal Goyandka
Founded: 3 May 1923
Headquarters: Gorakhpur
Matthew Perry, Renowned For His Role as Chandler in ‘Friends,’ Died At 54

• “Friends” star Matthew Perry was found dead in a hot tub at his Los Angeles home. He was 54.
• The iconic actor, known for his portrayal of Chandler Bing in the legendary TV series “Friends”.
RANKS & REPORTS

Global infrastructure faces annual losses of over USD 300 bn amid worsening climate impacts: CDRI report
• The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) has released a biennial report highlighting the alarming
annual losses in global infrastructure due to the worsening impacts of climate change and disasters.
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• The global annual average loss (AAL) in principal infrastructure sectors due to disasters and climate change stands
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between USD 301 and USD 330 billion.
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• When including health and education infrastructure, along with building stock, this range increases significantly
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to USD 732 to USD 845 billion. Approximately half of this contingent liability is held by LMICs.
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Cirium’s report: Kempegowda International Airport tops global on-time performance rankings
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• Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) in Bengaluru, also known as the Bengaluru International Airport.
• It has been recognized as the “world’s most punctual airport” for the past three consecutive months.
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• Hyderabad’s Rajiv Gandhi International Airport was the only other Indian airport listed among the top five punctual
airports globally.
About Karnataka:
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Chief Minister: Siddaramaiah
Governor: Thawar Chand Gehlot
About NSSO: T
Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report 2022-2023 Released
• In April 2017, the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) launched
Director General: Shri Bivas Chaudhuri

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Periodic
0A Labour Force Survey (PLFS).
Global Pension Index 2023: Countries With The Best Pension System
• The 15th annual Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index (MCGPI) recently revealed the ranking of retirement
income systems in various countries.
• The Netherlands secured the top position, followed by Iceland and Denmark.
• India showed improvement, moving up to the 45th rank out of 47 systems analyzed.
EU Report Recommends 2% Global Wealth Tax on Billionaires to Curb Evasion

• The European Union Tax Observatory has published the ‘Global Tax Evasion Report 2024,’ calling for a 2% global
wealth tax on billionaires
Mumbai second most polluted major global city as air quality worsens
• Mumbai ranking as the second most polluted city according to IQAir.
• Delhi, the capital, also faces significant air quality challenges, ranking sixth globally.
About Maharashtra:
Chief Minister: Eknath Shinde
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Capital: Mumbai
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India Ranks Third In Fintech Unicorns, With United States at the Top
• In 2023, India has secured the third position in the global fintech landscape with 17 fintech unicorns.
• In the world of fintech, the United States and the United Kingdom maintain their supremacy in terms of both
quantity and value.
• UK ranks second with 27 fintech unicorns.
SPORTS
India’S squash team win gold medal
• India has won a gold medal in men’s squash team event after beating Pakistan 2-1 at the Asian Games. In a tightly
contested match, the team led by Abhav Singh outperformed their rivals in the final round.
• The best-of-three tie started with Mahesh M losing to Nasir Iqbal in straight games – 8-11, 3-11, 2-11. Saurav Ghosal,
however, pulled the contest square with his 11-5, 11-1, 11-3 victory over Muhammad Asim.
• The decider between Abhay Singh and Noor Zaman stretched the full distance but the Indian eventually prevailed
11-7, 9-11, 7-11, 11-9, 12-10.
Indian team (U-19) won the men’s Championship
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dominating display in the finals at the Dashrath Rangasala Stadium in Kathmandu, Nepal.
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• India won the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) Under-19 Championship after defeating Pakistan 3-0 in a
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India U19: Lionel Daryl Rymmei, Ishaan Shishodia, Ricky Meetei Haobam, Manabir Basumatary (Surajkumar Singh
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Ngangbam 46th minute), Raja Harijan, Gwgwmsar Goyary, Naoba Meitei Pangambam (Kelvin Singh Taorem 81st
minute), Sahil Khurshid, A Siba Prasad, Ebindas Yesudasan (Manglenthang Kipgen 46th minute), Thomas
Kanamoottil Cherian.
Football for Schools (F4S) program organized by AIFF
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• A two-day master training program for capacity-building within the F4S program was launched in Sambalpur,
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Odisha. This event saw the participation of 95 Physical Education Teachers/Trainees from various States/UTs,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS), and AIFF.
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• Football for Schools (F4S) is an ambitious program spearheaded by the Fédération Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA). In collaboration with the Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry of Education,
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and the support of the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the Sports Authority of India (SAI).
Avinash sable wins gold in men's 3000m steeplechase

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• India’s Avinash Sable won the gold medal in men’s 3000m steeplechase at the Hangzhou Asian Games on Sunday.
He took top honours with a timing of 8:19:50s, breaking the Games record along the way.
• Sable’s medal is India’s 12th gold at this edition of the Asian Games and the first track and field gold in Hangzhou.
• Sable, a 2022 Commonwealth Games silver medallist, holds the national record of 8 minutes 11.20 seconds. His
season’s best time is 8:11.63, placing him in second position among Asians behind Miura Ryuji (SB: 8:09.91) of Japan.
• In Hangzhou, besides the 3000m steeplechase, his pet event, Sable will also compete in the 5000m race.
Asian Games 2023: Tajinderpal Singh Toor wins shot put gold
• Tajinderpal Singh Toor defends Asian Games crown
• Tajinderpal Singh Toor wins Gold in Shotput
• Tajinderpal registers best attempt of 20.36m
• India's Tajinderpal Singh Toor defended his Asian Games crown by clinching a gold medal in Shotput in the ongoing
Hangzhou Games.
• Toor’s journey to win was not a smooth one. Starting off impressively with a powerful first throw that nearly touched
the 20m mark.
Indian origin Pereira wins Singapore first athletics Asian Games Gold
• Singapore is celebrating its first athletics gold win in 49 years at the Asian Games with its Indian-origin sprinter
Shanti Pereiratr-winning 0T
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8T6M 200m final in Hangzhou, China.
• Pereira clocked 23.03 seconds to finish the race on Monday at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium. This
is the first athletics gold medal for the city-state since 1974, when sprinter Chee Swee Lee had won the women's
400m race.
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• China's Li Yuting took the silver with 23.28 seconds and Bahrain's Edidiong Ofonime Odiong came third at 23.48
seconds in the Monday race. Odiong's compatriot, Salwa Eid Naser, was disqualified for a false start.
ICC names Sachin Tendulkar as Global Ambassador for ODI world cup
• The International Cricket Council (ICC) on Tuesday named legendary cricketer Sachin Tendulkar as the 'Global
Ambassador' for the Cricket World Cup 2023, which begins tomorrow in Ahmedabad.
• Sachin, who has participated in a record six 50-over World Cups, will unveil the World Cup trophy before the
inaugural match between England and New Zealand, thereby officially opening the tournament.
Rest of India win Irani cup 2023-24

• Defending Ranji Trophy champion Saurashtra was bundled out for 79 in a 175-run defeat by Rest of India in the
Irani Cup at the Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium in Rajkot on Tuesday.
• Chasing a 255-run target, Jaydev Unadkat’s men were skittled by a spin attack led by left-armer Saurabh Kumar’s
six-wicket haul (6/43). Shams Mulani and off-spinner Pulkit Narang picked up the remaining wickets as RoI bagged
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the title.
Ojas Deotale is Nagpur’s First Asian Games Gold Medalist, eyes hat-trick at Hangzhou Asian Games
• In the final of 19th Asian Games 2023, on Saturday at the Fuyang Yinhu Sports Centre, Indian archer Ojas Deotale
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from Nagpur won gold medal in the men’s individual compound archery event. This victory marks Ojus Deotale
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third gold medal in the Asian Games 2023.
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• Ojus Deotale’s third gold medal in this edition of the Asian Games 2023, making him the joint most successful
Indian sportsperson in this Asian Games.
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• Ojus Deotale’s success can be attributed to his exceptional precision and determination in the archery field. Deotale
missed the 10-point circle only once in the centre of the target only once as he compiled a score of 140 out of a
round.
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possible 150 in the final in which each archer shoots five rounds (called End in archery) with three arrows in each
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Indian Women’s Kabaddi Team Clinches Gold Medal to beat China at Asian Games 2023
• In a heart-pounding final showdown at the Xiaoshan Guali Sports Centre in Hangzhou, the Indian women’s kabaddi
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team emerged victorious against a determined Chinese Taipei, securing the gold medal in the Asian Games 2023.
• In a fiercely contested match, the Indian women’s kabaddi team clinched the gold medal by defeating Chinese
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Taipei with a nail-biting score of 26-25. This triumph marks their third gold medal in Asian Games history.
• The Indian women’s kabaddi team previously secured gold at Guangzhou 2010. They defended their title at Incheon
2014. In Jakarta 2018, they finished as runners-up. tr-5G2J7B5A8J
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• Chinese Taipei showcased their growth in kabaddi by upgrading their bronze medal from Jakarta 2018 to silver in
the Asian Games 2023.
Asian Games 2023: Jyothi Surekha Vennam wins gold medal in women’s individual compound archery,
achieves rare treble
• India’s Jyothi Surekha Vennam won gold medal in the women’s individual compound archery event at the 19th
Asian Games in Hangzhou, China, on Saturday. Jyothi defeated So Chaewon of South Korea 149-145 in the final to
complete a hattrick of gold medals, having already won titles in the women’s and mixed team events.
• Jyothi Surekha Vennam cliched her third Gold in the ongoing 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou as archers began the
final day of games events on Saturday, October 7 on a high.
• It was a slightly off start for Jyothi with an 8-pointer but she slowly came back with 10-pointers in a row as she was
leading 89-87 after three rounds.
Pranav sign off with bronze in men's singles badminton

• HS Prannoy's terrific campaign at the 2023 Asian Games in Hangzhou came to a heartbreaking end on Friday after
he went down in straight games against China’s Li Shi Feng in badminton men’s singles semifinal. After trailing by
only a point going into the opening game interval, the world no. 1 roared through the contest, winning 21-16. 21-9
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in just over 45tr-minutes, crushing all hopes for a gold-medal bid for the Indian.
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• The loss implied that Prannoy had to be content with a bronze, but it was a historic feat for the star shuttler as he
ended India's 41-year-long wait for a second medal at the Games in men's singles badminton. Syed Modi previously
finished third in 1982 edition of the Asian Games.
Aman sehrawat won bronze medal in men's 57kg category

• Indian wrestler Aman Sehrawat on Friday displayed a power-packed performance to defeat China’s Minghu Liu to
claim a bronze medal in the men’s freestyle 57Kg category bout in the ongoing 19th Asian Games on Friday.
• The Indian defeated Minghu to clinch an 11-0 victory by technical superiority.
• It is India’s fifth wrestling medal, all bronze, in Hangzhou, following Sunil Kumar, Antim Panghal, Kiran and Sonam
Malik.
• Aman was quick to get off the mark in fashion, executing a takedown first up. Liu was completely flabbergasted as
Aman scored his second takedown.
• A passivity warning was given to the Chinese wrestler, who failed to get a point on a defensive Aman.
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IND vs AUS: David Warner becomes fastest to 1000 runs in ODI World Cup, beats Sachin Tendulkar's record
• Australia opener David Warner became the fastest batter to complete 1000 runs in ODI World Cup during his side’s
match against India in Chennai. Warner reached the milestone in 19 innings to break Sachin Tendulkar and AB de
Villiers’ joint record of 20 innings. Warner completed the feat within averaging 62 with three half-centuries and
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four tons since first being a part of the tournament back in 2011. Warner has struck three fifties and four hundreds
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in World Cups so far.
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• Indian captain Rohit Sharma is also in the contention to get to the top of the list. Rohit has 978 runs in 17 innings
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and needs 22 more to pip Warner. Warner has won the Player of the Match award four times in the ODI World
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Cup, with the highest score of 178 against Afghanistan at home.
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Asian Games 2023: Colourful closing ceremony brings curtains down on memorable Hangzhou Asian Games
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• The 19th Asian Games 2023 concluded with a spectacular closing ceremony held at the Hangzhou Olympics Stadium
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in China. The event celebrated the love and unity between the participating countries, showcasing the cultural
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diversity and sporting excellence of the Asian nations.
• Renowned hockey player P. R. Sreejesh had the honor of being India’s flag bearer during the closing ceremony,
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representing his country with pride on the international stage.
• The closing ceremony wowed spectators with a dazzling performance featuring more than 2000 performers. The
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show symbolized the harmonious spirit that unites the diverse nations of Asia in the pursuit of athletic excellence.
Kenyan Kiptum breaks Kipchoge’s world record to win Chicago 5A8J6D

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• Kenya’s Kelvin Kiptum left the running world in awe as he shattered the men’s world record, clocking a time of just
two hours and 35 seconds, to claim victory at the Chicago Marathon on Sunday.
• He broke the previous record set by Eliud Kipchoge in the 2022 Berlin Marathon.
• Kelvin Kiptum’s journey to the pinnacle of marathon running has been nothing short of extraordinary.
• The young Kenyan had previously secured victories in his first two marathon appearances, first triumphing in
Valencia and then repeating his success in the London Marathon. However, Kiptum’s record-breaking performance
in Chicago surpassed all expectations.
• Kiptum’s victory marked the third time a men’s world record had been established on the streets of Chicago, but it
was the first time since Morocco’s Khalid Khannouchi achieved the feat in 1999.
National Games 2023 to be held in Goa from Oct. 26 to Nov. 9

• The 37th edition of the National Games, scheduled for 2023
• The National Games, formerly known as the Indian Olympic Games, made its debut in Lahore, undivided India, in
1924.
• Goa was originally awarded the hosting rights for the 36th edition of the National Games, slated for 2016.
• The National Games 2023 will feature an impressive 43 sports, including both Olympic and indigenous disciplines,
a significant increase from the 36 sports in the previous edition.
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IOC and Reliance Foundation Join Forces to Promote Olympic Values in India
• New cooperation was agreed upon by IOC President Thomas Bach and Nita Ambani, IOC Member in India and
Reliance Foundation Founder Chairperson in Mumbai.
Manikanta H Hoblidhar Sets New National Record in 100m Sprint

• The 62nd National Open Athletics Championships 2023 kicked off with a bang in Bengaluru.
• Manikanta Hoblidhar from Services etched his name in the record books by smashing a new national record in the
men’s 100m category.
• He powered his way to victory, crossing the finish line in first place with a remarkable timing of 10.23 seconds.
• He made a remarkable turnaround in the Services meet, clinching the gold with a time of 10.31 seconds.
11th Sultan of Johor Cup to Be Held In Johor, Malaysia In November 2023

• This prestigious tournament is set to take place from October 27 to November 4. Notably.
• This year’s edition will feature eight teams, expanding from the customary six.
Gold medalist Neeraj Chopra appointed Laureus Ambassador

• Neeraj’s association with Laureus began in 2022 when he was shortlisted for the Breakthrough of the Year award at
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the Laureus World Sports Awards.
• He joins esteemed figures in Indian sports, such as Kapil Dev, Rahul Dravid, and Sachin Tendulkar, who have been
associated with the organization.
• His winning throw in Tokyo on August 7 is now celebrated as National Javelin Day in India
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IOC has accepted the recommendation to include T20 cricket into the 2028 Olympics
• The acceptance of cricket’s inclusion in the 2028 Los Angeles Summer Olympics represents a pivotal moment in
the sport’s history.
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• IOC president Thomas Bach expressed his endorsement for the inclusion of these five sports in the Olympics.
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• In 2022, cricket made its return to the Commonwealth Games, with women’s T20 matches being played at
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Edgbaston in Birmingham.
About IOC:
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Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland
Founded: 23 June 1894, Paris, France
Director General: Christophe De Kepper
Founders: Pierre de Coubertin, D. Bikélas
Alastair Cook a Former England captain announced his retirement from cricket
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• Cook has chosen not to renew his contract with Essex, effectively bringing an end to his association with the county
team.
• Cook had previously retired from international cricket in 2018, leaving behind an illustrious legacy.
• He amassed an astonishing 12,472 Test runs during his international career, making him the highest-scoring English
batter and the fifth-highest run-scorer in Test history.
• The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) hailed Cook as a “titan of the game,”
Grandmaster Raunak Sadhwani crowned U-20 world junior rapid chess champion
• Grandmaster Raunak Sadhwani won the FIDE World Junior Rapid Chess Championship in Sardinia, Italy.
• He is the ninth youngest player in history and the fourth youngest Indian to be awarded the title.
India’s represent his Contingent for the Asian Para Games

• India is set to be well-represented at the fourth Asian Para Games scheduled to take place in Hangzhou, China,
from October 22 to 28.
About China:
President: Xi Jinping
Capital: Beijing 6M0T 8T
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Mohammed Shami make history to claim 2nd 5-wicket haul in World Cups
• He became the first Indian bowler to pick two five-wicket hauls in ICC ODI World Cups against New Zealand.
• He joined an elite group of bowlers also now the ninth bowler worldwide to record two five-wicket hauls in ICC
ODI World Cups.
About ICC:
Headquarters: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Founded: 15 June 1909
CEO: Geoff Allardice
Chairman: Greg Barclay
India’s Unnati Hooda wins Abu Dhabi Masters 2023

• At the Abu Dhabi Masters 2023, young Indian badminton talent Unnati Hooda emerged as the champion in the
women’s singles event.
• This remarkable win marks her second BWF Super 100 World Tour title.
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• Final match held at the ADNEC Marina Hall in the UAE capital.
Sundar Singh Gurjar breaks World Record in men’s javelin F46 event with gold
• Indian para-athletes excelled in the javelin throw events at the Asian Para Games in Hangzhou, China.
• Sundar Singh Gurjar breaking a world record and Sumit Antil successfully defending his gold medal.
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Paytm Becomes Official Sponsor for 37th National Games
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• The 37th edition of the National Games kicked off in style as Paytm, India’s renowned fintech giant, emerged as the
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official sponsor.
• The tournament was inaugurated with by PM Narendra Modi at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Fatorda, South
Goa.
India Grabs 111 Medals at the 4th Asian Para Games
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• Total 111 medals: 29 gold, 31 silver, and 51 bronze.
• India’s previous best performance at the Asian Para Games occurred in 2018 in Jakarta when the contingent secured
a total of 72 medals.
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PM Modi to inaugurate Vibrant Gujarat Summit on Jan 10
SUMMITS AND MOUS
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• Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the 10th edition of the Vibrant Gujarat Summit on January 10,
2024. Gujarat’s Chief Minister, Bhupendrabhai Patel, has emphasized the state’s status as an attractive investment
destination.
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the 10th edition of the Vibrant Gujarat Summit on January 10, 2024.
This event holds significance as it aligns with the Prime Minister’s vision of “Viksit Bharat @2047,” emphasizing
India’s growth and development.
India, Saudi Arabia tie up for electrical interconnections, green Hydrogen

• India and Saudi Arabia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on securing a green hydrogen supply
chain and collaborating on power grid interconnection. This significant agreement was formalized in Riyadh during
the MENA Climate Week 2023, with Union Minister for Power and New & Renewable Energy, RK Singh,
representing India and Saudi Minister of Energy, Abdulaziz bin Salman Al-Saud, representing Saudi Arabia .
• The Ministry of Power released a statement highlighting the key areas of cooperation outlined in the MoU. These
include:
Electrical Interconnection:
Co-development of Projects:
Green/Clean Hydrogen and Renewable Energy:
Secure Supply Chains:2M7L5Q8T6M0T
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Building on Previous Agreements
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India and Tanzania Set to Ink 15 Agreements, Aiming for USD 10 Billion Trade
• India and Tanzania are set to boost their bilateral cooperation as Tanzanian President Samia Suluhu Hassan visits
India after an eight-year gap.
• The visit aims to elevate their relations to a strategic partnership and enhance trade and investment ties. Tanzanian
Foreign Minister January Yusuf Makamba anticipates the signing of 15 agreements covering various areas of
cooperation.
• Expectations of 15 agreements spanning government-to-government and private sector collaborations.
• Tanzanian President to address a business forum in New Delhi.
• Objective: Enhance trade volumes and expand bilateral trade to USD 10 billion in the next three years.
IGNOU & ICAI ink MoU for academic collaboration

• Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has recently renewed and restructured its Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
• Prof. Nageshwar Rao, is the Vice Chancellor of IGNOU, and CA Aniket Sunil Talati is the President of ICAI.
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• The MoU was officially signed by CA Jai Kumar Batra, Secretary of ICAI, and Dr. Alok Chaube, Registrar of IGNOU.
India, France Defence Ministers hold fifth dialogue

• Shri Rajnath Singh, the Indian Defence Minister, concluded his two-nation European tour with a significant meeting
in Paris with the French Minister of Armed Forces, Mr. Sebastien Lecornu.
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About France:
Capital: Paris
PM: Élisabeth Borne
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PM Modi to Inaugurate 141st IOC Session in Mumbai
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• Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the 141st International Olympic Committee (IOC) session at the
Jio World Centre in Mumbai on October 14.
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held in New Delhi in 1983.
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• India’s second time hosting the IOC session, following a gap of nearly four decades since the 86th IOC session was
• International Olympic Committee President: Thomas Bach
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• India’s second time hosting the event after a gap of nearly 40 years.
• India last hosted the IOC session in 1983.
17th CII Annual Tourism Summit

• India’s G20 Presidency presents a unique opportunity to attract 7B5A8J6D0A
tr-5G2Jtourists worldwide.
• The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is organizing the 17th CII Tourism Summit on October 13, 2023, in
Mumbai.
• Ms. V Vidyavathi, Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, addresses inaugural session of 17th CII Annual Tourism Summit
World bank and japan collaborate for developing countries

• A ground-breaking new partnership launched today between the World Bank and Japan—joined by Italy, the
Republic of Korea, Canada, and the United Kingdom—addresses both.
• Japan, Canada, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom have pledged an initial total contribution of
more than $40 million to RISE, and more donors are expected to contribute.
• Japanese Finance Minister Suzuki Shunichi and World Bank President Ajay Banga announced the partnership
during a launch event they co-hosted at the 2023 World Bank-International Monetary Fund Annual Meetings in
Marrakech.
• Italy will contribute to RISE and will support its implementation in 2024, under the Italian G7 Presidency.”
About World Bank:
President: Ajay Banga
Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
Founded: July 1944, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States
About Japan:
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Prime minister: Fumio Trending
Capital: Tokyo
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India & UK Hold First 2+2 Foreign & Defence Dialogue in New Delhi
• The inaugural India-UK ‘2+2’ foreign and defence dialogue held in 16th October.
• The Indian delegation was co-chaired by Shri Piyush Srivastava, Joint Secretary Europe West, Ministry of External
Affairs, and Shri Vishwesh Negi, Joint Secretary, International Cooperation, Ministry of Defence.
• On the UK side, Mr. Ben Mellor, India Director, Indian Ocean Directorate, FCDO, and Lt. General Rob Magowan.
About UK:
Capital: London
Prime Minister: Rishi Sunak
PM Modi to Inaugurate Global Maritime India Summit 2023 in Mumbai

• Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will virtually inaugurate the third edition of the Global Maritime India Summit
2023 (GMIS 2023).
• Set to be held from 17th to 19th October at MMRDA Grounds in Mumbai.
• GMIS 2023 provides the ideal platform for unveiling ‘Amrit Kaal Vision 2047,’ a comprehensive 25-year roadmap for
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India’s maritime blue economy.
About Maharashtra:
Chief Minister: Shri Eknath Shinde
Governor: Ramesh Bais
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Google and Qualcomm partner to make RISC-V chip for wearable devices
• The partnership between Qualcomm and Google to produce wearable devices based on RISC-V technology.
About Google:
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Founders: Larry Page, Sergey Brin
Parent organization: Alphabet Inc.
Founded: 4 September 1998, Menlo Park, California, United States
Headquarters: Mountain View, California, United States
CEO: Sundar Pichai (2 Oct 2015–)
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About Qualcomm:
Headquarters: San Diego, California, United States
President: Cristiano Amon
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CEO: Cristiano Amon (30 Jun 2021–)
Founded: July 1985, San Diego, California, United States
IRCTC Partners With Zomato For Delivery Of Pre-Bookedtr-Meals 5G2J7B5A8J6D

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• As part of this groundbreaking partnership, IRCTC has launched a Proof of Concept (PoC) at five prominent railway
stations: New Delhi, Prayagraj, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Varanasi.
• This PoC allows passengers to order and receive pre-ordered meals through the IRCTC E-Catering portal, with the
assistance of Zomato.
About Zomato:
Owners: Info Edge, Ant Group
Founders: Deepinder Goyal, Akriti Chopra, Gunjan Patidar, Pankaj Chaddah
Founded: July 2008; 15 years ago
Headquarters: Gurugram, Haryana, India
About IRCTC:
Founder: Ministry of Railways
Founded: 27 September 1999
Owner: Government of India (67%)
Dr S. Jaishankar reaches Bishek for 22nd SCO Council of heads of Government meeting
• Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar recently visited Kyrgyzstan for a two-day trip.
• Jaishankar will participate in the SCO Council of Heads of Government (CHG) meeting hosted by Kyrgyzstan.
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121
Airbus tie-up with IIT Kanpur to promote aerospace education and innovation in India
• The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK) and Airbus have formalized their partnership through a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).
Reliance Jio Partners With Plume to Provide In-Home Services Enhanced By AI

• This partnership brings forth a range of innovative offerings under the names “HomePass” and “WorkPass.”
About Reliance Jio:
Founder: Mukesh Ambani
Founded: 2007, Ahmedabad
Headquarters: Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Owner: Reliance Industries
Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri Inaugurates 16th Urban Mobility India Conference & Exhibition 2023 in
New Delhi
m
• Theme, of the exhibition is“Integrated and Resilient Urban Transport”.
Centre Launches ‘Dark Patterns Buster Hackathon 2023’ To Combat Deceptive Practices in E-Commerce
• The Department of Consumer Affairs (DoCA) in India, in partnership with IIT-BHU, has launched the ‘Dark
Patterns Buster Hackathon 2023.’
. c o
Jio MAMI Film Festival Began In Mumbai after a Four-Year Break
• A ceremony at the Nita Mukesh Ambani Cultural Centre (NMACC) in Mumbai on October 27.
• Priyanka Chopra Jonas is the chairperson of Jio MAMI.
e r s
n k
BANKING & ECONOMY
a
Agri-start-ups recommended for technical & financial
p r
• In a significant boost to the agri-tech sector, experts have recommended 24 start-ups for technical and financial
o
support from a dedicated fund of Rs 20 crore. This transformative initiative was announced during the ATMAN
(Agri sTartup deMo And funding) 2023 program.
Technology (IITs). T
• ATMAN (Agri sTartup deMo And funding) 2023 program was organized by the Department of Science and
Technology (DST) in collaboration with four Technology Innovation Hubs. These hubs, established under the
National Mission on Inter-disciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems 5A
PMI manufacturing hits 5-month low at 57.5 in September

(NM-ICPS)
tr-5G2J7B 8J
6D0A at prominent Indian Institutes of
• In September, India’s manufacturing sector saw a notable slowdown, reaching a five-month low, as reported by the
seasonally adjusted S&P Global India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI). This index slipped to 57.5
from 58.6 in August, indicating a deceleration in activity. A PMI reading of 50 represents no change in activity levels.
• While input cost inflation reached its lowest point in over three years, firms raised their output charges at a pace
higher than the long-run average. This decision may potentially impact future sales prospects. Firms attributed the
price hikes to increased labor costs, optimistic business confidence, and robust demand observed in September.
World Bank retains India’s FY24 GDP growth at 6.3%, cites inflation hurdle
• Despite substantial external challenges, India’s economy remains robust, prompting the World Bank to maintain
its growth forecast for the fiscal year 2023-24 at 6.3%. This decision reflects India’s remarkable resilience within a
demanding global environment.
• India’s economic resilience is underpinned by key factors, including strong domestic demand, significant public
infrastructure investments, and a strengthening financial sector. Notably, bank credit growth has surged to 15.8%
in the first quarter of FY23/24, indicating a healthy financial environment.
• India does face challenges due to ongoing global headwinds, including sluggish demand, elevated interest rates,
and geopolitical tensions. The
8T6M 0T World Bank anticipates these challenges to persist and potentially intensify due to
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factors such as high global interest rates, geopolitical conflicts, and subdued global demand. Consequently, global
economic growth is expected to slow down over the medium term.
World bank research paper on karnataka Gram panchayat fund
122
• Though the Karnataka government has taken many legislative measures to decentralise powers to rural local bodies
during the last three decades, fund allocations in gram panchayats (GPs) are most influenced by the elite, according
to a research paper of the World Bank. Men and ‘upper’ caste individuals in GPs ensure that their preferences are
represented better in allocation of funds, it said.
• “Funding is least representative of the needs of women and Scheduled Castes and this a clear indication of an elite
bias in funding allocations in elected GPs of Karnataka,” said the report.
India's Sept diesel exports to Europe highest so far in '23

• In September 2023, India witnessed a remarkable surge in its diesel exports to Europe, reaching their highest levels
for the year. This surge was driven by a combination of factors, including reduced supplies from West Asia and the
United States (US) due to the autumn refinery maintenance season and robust demand in Europe.
• India’s diesel exports to Europe in September reached approximately 333,000 barrels per day (bpd), marking a
substantial increase of nearly 47 percent from August.
• This surge was even more impressive when compared to the same month the previous year, with a year-on-year
m
increase of 57 percent, according to data provided by Vortexa.
Government Maintains GPF Rate at 7.1%

• In a recent announcement, the government has decided to keep the interest rate on General Provident Fund (GPF)
.
savings unchanged at 7.1% for the October-December quarter. This marks the 15th successive quarter where the
c o
• The Finance Ministry officially notified the retention of the 7.1% interest rate.
e s
government has maintained the status quo, ensuring stability for government employees’ retirement savings.
r
• The last adjustment to the GPF rate occurred in the first quarter of 2020-21 when it was reduced from 7.9% to 7.1%.
UNCTAD expects global economic growth for 2023 to slow down to 2.4%
n k
• The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has revised India’s economic growth forecast for 2023
a
upward to 6.6% from the earlier projection of 6%. However, the report also anticipates a slowdown in India’s growth
to 6.2% in 2024.
p r
• Furthermore, the UNCTAD highlights concerns about the global economic outlook, with a deceleration to 2.4% in
2023, followed by a marginal improvement to 2.5% in 2024.
o
• UNCTAD revises India’s 2023 economic growth forecast to 6.6%, up from the previous estimate of 6%.
• Predicts a slight decline in India’s growth to 6.2% for the year 2024.
T
SBI launches ‘Mobile Handheld Device’ for its financial inclusion customers
• In a groundbreaking move aimed at enhancing accessibilitytr-and 7B5A8J6D0A in availing banking services, the State
5G2Jconvenience
Bank of India (SBI) has introduced the ‘Mobile Handheld Device‘ for its Financial Inclusion (FI) customers. This
pioneering initiative, unveiled by the Chairman of SBI, Shri Dinesh Khara, seeks to empower financial inclusion and
extend essential banking services to the masses.
• Financial inclusion, often referred to as inclusive finance, is the endeavor to ensure that financial products and
services are within reach and reasonably priced for everyone, whether they are individuals or businesses, regardless
of their personal wealth or the size of their company.
RBI says to continue to focus on inflation, liquidity in banking system

• In a recent announcement, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) underscored the significance of addressing high inflation
to maintain macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth. RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das emphasized the
central bank’s commitment to achieving a durable 4% inflation target while keeping benchmark interest rates
unchanged for the fourth consecutive meeting.
• RBI Governor Das highlighted that the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is steadfastly dedicated to realigning
inflation with the 4% target.
REC launches its 54EC Bonds Mobile App

• REC Limited, a prominent Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) specializing in Power Sector Financing and
Development, announced the launch of its latest digital innovation, the ‘SUGAM REC‘mobile application. This
5U2M 8T6M0T
7L5Qspecifically
exclusive apptr-has been designed to cater to the needs of investors interested in REC’s 54EC Capital Gain
Tax Exemption Bonds.
123
• Section 54EC Bonds: These bonds are a type of fixed-income financial instrument that offers tax exemption on
capital gains to investors, as per Section 54EC of the Income Tax Act.
GST council announces significant reduction in tax rates for millets

• The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council has taken a significant step towards promoting healthy eating by
announcing a substantial reduction in GST rates for millet flour food preparations.
• The sources told the tax rate has been reduced from the current 18 percent to a more affordable 5 percent.
• Millet flour, known for its nutritional value and health benefits, has gained popularity among health-conscious
consumers in India.
• By reducing the GST rate on millet flour food preparations, the government aims to make these nutritious food
items more accessible to the public.
Indian Navy & SBI launches unique NAV-eCash card

• To support the Indian government’s Digital India initiative, the State Bank of India (SBI) introduced a new card
m
called NAV-eCash on the Indian Navy’s aircraft carrier, INS Vikramaditya. The launch took place on October 1, 2021,
at Karwar.
Key Points:
1. Digital Payment Advancement
2. Joint Unveiling
. c o
3. Unique Features
4. Collaborative Effort
5. Digital Transactions Anywhere
e r s
Ahead of Bima Vistaar rollout, IRDAI issues guidelines on Bima Vahaks
n k
• The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has announced its ambitious plan to deploy
a
‘Bima Vahaks’ in every Gram Panchayat across the country by December 31, 2024.
r
• IRDAI has introduced the ‘Bima Vahaks (BV)’ initiative to expand insurance coverage and accessibility.
• The objective of this initiative remains women-centric, with the aim of creating a dedicated distribution channel
p
that ensures the availability of insurance services in every corner of India.
o
• These guidelines distinguish between two categories of Bima Vahaks: individual and corporate.
• Both these categories play a crucial role in the distribution of insurance services.
T
YES BANK becomes the first bank to offer 'ONDC Network Gift Card'
• YES Bank, a prominent financial institution in India, has taken 5A8J6D0A leap forward in the digital commerce
7Bsignificant
tr-5G2Ja
space by introducing the ONDC Network Gift Card. This move makes YES Bank the first bank in the country to
issue such a card.
• The ONDC Network Gift Card is at the forefront of democratizing digital commerce. Unlike traditional gift cards
that restrict usage to a specific brand or store, this concept empowers customers to utilize the gift card for
purchasing products from any brand and any seller across a wide array of segments.
Urban unemployment falls to 6.6% in Q1 FY24

• The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released its quarterly bulletin of the Periodic
Labour Force Survey (PLFS), shedding light on the urban unemployment situation in India during the first quarter
of the fiscal year.
• In the April-June quarter of this fiscal year, the urban unemployment rate in India dropped to 6.6%.
• This was the lowest level recorded since the PLFS bulletin was launched in 2018.
• For males above the age of 15, the urban unemployment rate decreased from 6.0% in the previous quarter to 5.9%.
• For females in the same age group, the unemployment rate decreased from 9.2% to 9.1% during the same period.
Bharti Group to Acquire French Insurer AXA’s 49% Stake in Bharti AXA Life Insurance Co.
• For almost twenty years, Bharti AXA Life Insurance Co. was a joint venture between Bharti Group and AXA.
• The acquisition by Bharti6MGroup,
0T conducted through its Bharti Life Ventures arm, is expected to conclude by
tr-5U 2M7L5Q8T
December this year.
• Founder and Chairman of Bharti Enterprises: Sunil Bharti Mittal
124
RBI Cancels Registration Certificate Of Ind Bank Housing Ltd
• Ind Bank Housing Ltd, established in 1991, has been facing financial challenges, as evidenced by its widening net
loss and negative capital adequacy ratio.
• The RBI has directed that the company is not permitted to transact the business of a Housing Finance Institution
or a Non-Banking Financial Institution as defined in the National Housing Bank Act, 1987, and the Reserve Bank of
India Act, 1934, respectively.
About RBI:
Governor: Shaktikanta Das
Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
Founder: British Raj
Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
RITES Ltd, a prominent Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Railways.
• It has achieved the prestigious ‘Navratna’ status, becoming the 16th CPSE in India.
m
List of Other 15 Navratna PSUs:
1. Bharat Electronics Limited,
2. Container Corporation of India Limited,
3. Engineers India Limited,
4. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited,
. c o
5. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited,
6. National Aluminium Company Limited,
7. National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited,
e r s
k
8. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited,
9. NMDC Limited,
10. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited,
11. Shipping Corporation of India Limited,
12. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited,
13. ONGC Videsh Ltd,
r a n
14. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited, and
15. IRCON.
o p
About Zomato:
T
Zomato Introduces Parcel Delivery Service, ‘Xtreme’ With Primary Focus On Merchants
• Zomato charges an initial fee of Rs 25 for the first kilometer of delivery.
• It’s important to note that these prices do not include the Goods and
tr-5G2J7B

6D0A
5A8JServices Tax (GST) component.
ICICI Bank Introduces ‘iFinance,’ A One-Stop Solution for Multi-Bank Account Access
• Siddhartha Mishra, the Head of Digital Channels at ICICI Bank.
About ICICI bank:
CEO: Sandeep Bakhshi (15 Oct 2018–)
Founded: 1994, Vadodara
Founder: Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India
RBI Imposes ₹1 Crore Penalty On Union Bank

• RBI has imposed a penalty of ₹1 crore on Union Bank of India for its failure to adhere to the regulatory guidelines
on ‘Loans and Advances – Statutory and Other Restrictions.’
• RBL Bank has been fined an amount of ₹64 lakh for its failure to comply with RBI’s regulatory approval norms.
• Bajaj Finance has also been levied a penalty of ₹8.50 lakh for breaching regulatory norms .
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The expected economic growth of India in 2023-24 by the World Bank
• India’s economy grew at 7.2% in FY22/23.
125
• Bank credit grew by 15.8% in the first quarter of FY23/24
• India’s GDP growth for FY23/24 is forecasted to be 6.3%
About World Bank:
President: Ajay Banga
Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
Founded: July 1944, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States
Asian Development Bank Invests $181 Million to Improve Ahmedabad’s Peri-urban Areas
• One of the main goals of this project is to control urban sprawl.
About Gujarat:
Govt To Sell 7% Equity Stake In Hudco Through OFS
m
• GOI has announced its plans to divest 7% equity in Housing and Urban Development Corp. Ltd (Hudco) via an
offer for sale (OFS) scheduled for October 18-19. This strategic move is expected to ₹1,100 crore in revenue.
• Secretary of the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management: Tuhin Kanta Pandey
PM Modi unveils long term blueprint for India’s maritime economy
. c o
• These initiatives are aligned with the ‘Amrit Kaal Vision 2047’ for the Indian maritime blue economy.
r s
• The Prime Minister laid the foundation stone of the Tuna-Tekra all-weather deep-draft terminal, to be built at a
cost of more than Rs 4,500 crore at Deendayal Port Authority in Gujarat.
e
k
About Gujarat:
IDFC gets CCI nod for merger with IDFC First Bank
r a n
• Competition Commission of India (CCI) has given its approval for the merger of the Infrastructure Development
Finance Company (IDFC) and IDFC First Bank.
o p
• These include the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the National
Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).
About IDFC FIRST Bank: T

• As of June 30, 2023, IDFC held a 30.93 percent stake in IDFC First Bank through its non-financial holding company.
• IDFC Limited was set up in 1997
CEO: V. Vaidyanathan (19 Dec 2018)

Founded: October 2015
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6D0A
Federal Bank Launched ‘Mookkannoor Mission’ Initiative At Its Founder’s Village

• On the occasion of the 106th birth anniversary of its visionary founder, K.P Hormis yesterday, the Federal Bank
recently inaugurated the ‘Mookkannoor Mission.
• Mookkannoor, located in the Ernakulam district of Kerala.
About Federal Bank:
Headquarters: Aluva
CEO: Shyam Srinivasan (23 Sept 2010–)
Founded: 23 April 1931, Nedumpuram
Founder: K. P. Hormis
Centre approves 4% hike in DA for central govt employees

• Central government employees and pensioners by increasing the Dearness Allowance (DA) and Dearness Relief
(DR) by 4%. This increase will be effective from July 1, 2023.
• The DA will go up from 42% to 46%.
8T6M0T
• This decisiontr-benefits
5U2M7L5Qa large number of people, including 48.67 lakh central government employees and 67.95 lakh
pensioners.
126
RBI Approves Kotak Mahindra Bank To Acquire MFI Sonata Finance
• Kotak Mahindra Bank has received the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) approval to acquire 100% stake in micro-lender
Sonata Finance.
About Kotak Mahindra Bank:
Founder: Uday Kotak
About RBI:
RBI initiates Pilot Run to Test E-Rupee for Inter-Bank Borrowing

• Initiating a pilot run to test the E-Rupee, a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), for inter-bank borrowing.
m
• The pilot project is believed to have been introduced via nine prominent banks, which were already part of the G-
Sec pilot. These banks include:
1. State Bank of India
2. Bank of Baroda
3. Union Bank of India
. c o
4. HDFC Bank
5. ICICI Bank
6. Kotak Mahindra Bank
e r s
k
7. Yes Bank
8. IDFC Bank
9. HSBC
About RBI:
r a n
o p
NLC India Green Energy Limited to Boost India’s Green Energy Capacity
Government of India.
T
• NLC India, a Navratna public sector company, has unveiled its latest venture into the renewable energy sector.
• NLC India Ltd. 1956 - The Corporation was incorporated as a private limited company on 14th November, by the
tr-5G2J7B5A8J
• HDFC Bank Unveils XpressWay Digital Platform for Swift Loans
About HDFC Bank:
Founded: August 1994, Mumbai
6D0A
Key people: Atanu Chakraborty; (Chairman); Sashidhar Jagdishan; (CEO)
RBL Bank Introduces GO Savings Account

About RBL Bank:
Founded: 14 June 1943
Key people: R. Subramania kumar; (MD & CEO)
RBI Imposes ₹2.5 Crore Penalty On L&T Finance For Non Compliance
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently taken regulatory action against L&T Finance Limited by imposing a
monetary penalty of ₹2.50 crore due to non-compliance with specific provisions of the Non-Banking Financial
Company.
About RBI:
tr-5U2M7L5Q
8T6M0T
About L&T:
127
Founders: Henning Holck-Larsen, Søren Kristian Toubro
Founded: 7 February 1946, Mumbai
India to surpass Japan in 2030 to become 2nd largest economy of Asia, says S&P Global
• In 2030, India’s GDP is expected to surpass even Germany.
• India’s GDP had already outgrown that of the United Kingdom and France.
• India to become the third-largest economy in Asia-Pacific and the fifth-largest in the world.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is predicted to reach a whopping $7.3 trillion.
• Making it the second-largest economy in the Asia-Pacific region, just after China.
ONGC Secures Bid To Purchase PTC’s Wind Power Division For Rs 925 crore
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has successfully secured a bid to acquire PTC India Ltd’s wind power unit
for Rs 925 crore.
m
• Board of PTC approved ONGC’s bid to acquire a 100% equity stake in PEL, valuing the equity at Rs 925 crore.
• PEL was incorporated on August 1, 2008, and boasts a renewable energy portfolio with a total capacity of 288.8 MW.
• This portfolio includes 50 MW wind power projects in Madhya Pradesh, 50 MW wind power projects in Karnataka,
and 188.8 MW wind power projects in Andhra Pradesh.
. c o
MeitY urges RBI to design more detailed KYC to ensure traceability
• Illegal instant loan apps have become a significant problem in India.
• Leading to financial scams and even driving some victims to suicide.
e r s
k
• These apps offer quick money but compromise users’ privacy and security.
About RBI:
r a n
p
About Zomato:
Owners: Info Edge, Ant Group
o
Zomato Introduces Maternity Insurance Plan for Women Delivery Partners
• Zomato has partnered with ACKO, a technology-driven insurance company, to provide this maternity insurance
coverage.
T tr-5G2J7B5A8J
6D0A

RBI Approves MobiKwik’s Zaakpay To Operate As Payment Aggregator

• Zaakpay offers over 100 different payment methods, including UPI, debit and credit cards, net banking, and mobile
wallets.
Tata To Become India’s First IPhone Manufacturer As Wistron Approves Factory Sale
• The Tata Group has taken a significant step towards manufacturing and assembling Apple iPhones in India for both
domestic and international markets by acquiring Wistron’s operations in India.
• Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar announced this major venture.
“Vision India@2047: Transforming India into a Developed Nation by 2047”

• The Indian government is working on a comprehensive national vision plan, known as ‘Vision India@2047’, aimed
at transforming the country into a developed nation by 2047.
Fincare SFB to merge with AU Small Finance Bank

8T6M0T
5U2M7L5QBank
• Fincare Smalltr-Finance (Fincare SFB) is set to merge with AU Small Finance Bank (AU SFB) starting from
February 1, 2024.
• Shareholders of Fincare SFB will receive 579 shares in AU SFB for every 2,000 shares they hold in Fincare SFB.
128
About AU Small Finance Bank:
Headquarters: Jaipur
Founded: 1996
Founder: Sanjay Agarwal
Swan Energy pays ₹231 cr to acquire Reliance Naval and Engineering

• Swan Energy successfully completed the acquisition by paying ₹231 crore, well ahead of the November 15 deadline.
About Swan Energy:
Headquarters: India
Founded: 1909
c o m
r s .
k e
r a n
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k e
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c o m

NOBEL PRIZE 2023

Nobel Prize 2023 in Physics

Nobel Prize 2023 in Chemistry

Nobel Prize in Peace

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2023

a n k (d) For the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the

combat women's oppression in (x). Replace (x) with

p r 3. Who has been awarded Nobel Prize in Literature for

For what discovery did Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E.

In which year, Sveriges Riksbank established the

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

CASTE SENSUS IN INDIA AND BIHAR CENSUS ISSUE

How Bihar Caste Census was conducted:

Role of Bihar Caste Census:

History of Socio Economic and Caste census

Validity and confidentiality of census/survey:

6. As per the Caste Survey, 2023, conducted by State of

p r 8. In which year India’s first Socio-Economic and Caste

as the Father of India Census?

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

ADVISORY BOARD OF BANKING FRAUDS AND RECENT FRAUDS

What is Advisory Board of banking frauds

More information on Advisory Board of banking frauds

a n k Advisory Board on Banking and Financial Frauds?

o p sector banks, insurance providers, and financial

In which year the Central Vigilance Commission

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

CHINA’S RECENT MAP AND DISPUTES

Background of India China Border Dispute:

Previous skirmishes and dispute settlement:

In certain areas, the Line of Actual Control (LAC)

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT AND ALL ABOUT RECENT

What is Model is Code of Conduct:

Applicability of Model Code of Conduct

General Guidelines under Model Code of Conduct

Election Commission of India and its role:

As per the Model Code of Conduct candidates shall

n k avoid holding public meetings during the period of

free and fair election?

(b) Article 320

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

A brief detail about Dhordo village

What is UNWTO’s Best Tourism Villages 2023 Accolade

How the evaluation and selection is conducted:

Previous winner from India

Who is the current Secretary-General of The United

a n k (c) Eight (d) Nine

26. (a) The Gujarati village of Dhordo managed to make it

p high-level roles in both the private and public sectors.

What is Operation Chakra-II

What is Central Bureau of Investigation

Operation Megh Chakra:

Who appoints the director of CBI:

Current Director of CBI:

a n k (b) Menon Committee

(a) Facebook and Google

Who is the current director of Central Bureau of

ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS

PROJECT 15B, 17A, 75 AND OTHERS UNDER DEFENSE

What is Project 15B: