Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Page
I. Introduction 3
II. Canada 4
2.1. Geography 5
2.2. History 9
2.3. Economy 11
2.4. Society and culture 12
2.5. Tourism and attractions 16
IV. Conclusion 26
V. Webliography 28
CANADA 3
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
I. Introduction
In this work we are going to write about and explore the fascinating and interesting
culture of Canada.
We are going to talk about its gastronomy, art and religion. We are also going to talk
about its history and geography and its main tourist attractions that make Canada a truly
unique and notable country.
We chose Canada because it's a country that its enchanting with its cultural diversity,
incredible landscapes and exceptional quality of life.
It’s really important to study Canada because it is a country that embraces cultures from
all over the world, including the UK, with a population that encirclements its origins and
celebrates diversity. Studying Canada allows us to understand how this peaceful
coexistence of cultures can be achieved and the benefits it brings to a society.
CANADA 4
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
II. Canada
Canada is located in North America, north of the United States. It is the second largest
country in the world in terms of area, but it is relatively small in terms of population.
One of Canada's most notable features is its incredible geographical diversity. The
country is home to a vast variety of spectacular landscapes, including vast boreal
forests, magnificent mountains, countless crystal-clear lakes and rivers, as well as an
Atlantic coastline brimming with natural beauty.
Although Canadians are comparatively few in number, they have created what many
observers consider to be a model multicultural society, friendly immigrant populations
from every other continent.
Another of Canada's strengths is its high-level education and healthcare system, which
is available to all citizens and permanent residents. This concern for the well-being of its
inhabitants contributes to an excellent quality of life and a general sense of security.
Canada also shares a border with the United States to the south, marked by being the
longest unpatrolled border in the world.
CANADA 5
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
II.1. Geography
The world's second-largest country in land area, Canada is bordered on the north by the
Arctic Ocean, on the northeast by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the U.S., and on
the west by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska.
Canada's geography is notable for its diversity and vastness. This North American
country occupies the largest part of the continent, with a territorial extension that
extends over approximately 9,984,670 square kilometres, making it the second largest
country in the world by area, surpassed only by Russia.
CANADA 6
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
The national capital is Ottawa, Canada’s fourth largest city. It lies some 400 kilometres
northeast of Toronto and 200 kilometres west of Montreal, respectively Canada’s first
and second cities in terms of
population, and economic,
cultural, and educational
importance.
The third largest city is
Vancouver, a centre for trade
with the Pacific Rim countries
and the principal western
gateway to Canada’s
developing interior.
Pic 5 - Ottawa
Other major metropolitan areas include Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta; Quebec city,
Quebec; and Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Canada’s geographical location is fundamental to its identity as a nation and to its global
relations. Its vastness and geographical diversity have not only shaped its natural
environment, but also influenced its history, culture and economy.
CANADA 7
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
The major difference between a Canadian province and a Canadian territory is that a
province is a creation of the Constitution Act (17? April 1982), while a territory is created
by federal law. Thus, the federal government has more direct control over the territories,
while provincial governments have many more competences and rights.
Each province and territory in Canada has its own government and jurisdiction over
determined areas of governance, including education, healthcare and transport.
Canada's federal government oversees matters of national importance, such as defence
and immigration.
In almost every part of Canada there are lakes and rivers. Canada has over 2 million
lakes covering 7% of the land mass.
The largest lake is the Northwest Territories’ Great Bear Lake.
Most of the country is made up of plains and mountains. Approximately 90 per cent of
the more than 35 million people who live in Canada are located within 160 km of the US
border and around 75 per cent of the total population lives in large cities or towns.
CANADA 8
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Climate
CANADA 9
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
II.2. History
Canada has been an influential member of the Commonwealth and played a leading
role in the organisation of French-speaking countries known as La Francophonie.
It was a founding member of the United Nations and has been active in several
important UN agencies and other global operations.
In 1989, Canada joined the Organisation of American States and signed a free
trade agreement with the United States, a pact that was replaced in 1992 by the
North American Free Trade Agreement (which also includes Mexico).
From the end of the 15th century, French and British expeditions explored, colonised
and fought over various parts of North America, where Canada is today.
European exploration began with the arrival of John Cabot in Newfoundland in 1497.
French and British explorers soon followed, establishing fur trading relationships with the
indigenous peoples.
The colony of New France was claimed in 1534, with permanent settlements
beginning in 1608.
CANADA 10
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
France ceded almost all of its North American possessions to the United
Kingdom in 1763 in the Treaty of Paris after the Seven Years' War.
The region now known as Canada has been the scene of several colonising
instances. During the Ancient Ages, the east coast of Canada was occupied by
the French. This can be seen in the many buildings left behind by these peoples.
However, their colonisation was unsuccessful.
Between 1534 and 1542, Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the
Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.
Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian
word Kanata, meaning “village.”
By the 1550s, the name of Canada began appearing on
maps.
Jacques Cartier was the first European to explore the St.
Lawrence River and to set eyes on present-day Québec
City and Montreal.
Pic 10 – Jacques Cartier
CANADA 11
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
In 1812, the United States invaded Lower Canada and Upper Canada in an
attempt to annex the rest of the British colonies in North America, triggering the
War of 1812. The United States were unsuccessful, retreating when they learnt of
the arrival of British troops sent to fight them, but they temporarily occupied the
cities of York (now Toronto) and Quebec, burning them as they withdrew.
Canada expanded westwards through treaties with the indigenous peoples and the
conclusion of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885, linking the country from east to
west.
Canada also played significant roles in both World Wars and emerged as a key ally of
the British Empire.
After the First World War, Canada became a member of the League of Nations. Canada
gained full legislative independence from the United Kingdom through the Statute of
Westminster in 1931.
In the years after the war, Canada experienced significant economic growth and a rise in
prosperity. It also saw the expansion of social welfare programmes and a growing role
on the international stage.
II.3. Economy
CANADA 12
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Canada is one of the world's biggest commercial nations, with a highly internationalised
economy being one of the most influential worldwide capitalist roots, favoured by its
proximity to the United States.
As an example, we can highlight the technology, automotive, Pic 12 - Maple leaf
The Canadian population has a high standard of living, making the consumer market
rather strong. Canada is also featured in their manufactured exports.
One of the world’s largest economies; leading global financier and macroeconomic
partner; largest US trading partner; key timber and oil and gas industries; Canada sends
over half its development aid to the World Bank.
1
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implemented to promote trade between the
U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The agreement, which eliminated most tariffs on trade between the three
countries, went into effect on January 1 st , 1994.
CANADA 13
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
II.4.1. Official Languages
II.4.2. Traditions
● Canadian Thanksgiving;
● Beaver tails;
Canadian Thanksgiving
In Canada, Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in the fall on the second week of
October.
Canadians usually have a very relaxed
Thanksgiving without many parades or
parties, but they cook a turkey with sweet
potatoes and pumpkin pies. Thanksgiving
CANADA 14
Pic 15 - Canadian Thanksgiving
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
also corresponds to the harvest festival where people decorate churches and
sing the hymn in English.
Beaver tails
Canadians usually eat a dessert called
beaver tail. This tail appeared in 1988
whose founder was Killaloe Ontario.
This Tail is a fried dough made with
whole wheat flour and handmade to
resemble a long, flat tail of a beaver.
Beaver Tails are served hot and topped
with cinnamon, sugar and a little lemon
juice. Pic 16 – Beaver tails
II.4.3. Art
Sculpture
Art in Canada is marked by thousands of years of habitation by Indigenous peoples
including artists of European origin and artists from other
countries. Several indigenous people created many
sculptures that have been preserved for several years. One
of these sculptures is known as the Haida Totem, which is
located in western Canada. This sculpture is a type of art
made up of several pillars carved with symbols and figures.
This totem was created many millions of years ago by a
people called the Ojibwe to represent the sacred animals
and the legends that each one had.
Pic 19 – Haida Totem
Music
Canada is a country where there are many types of music such as heavy metal rock,
pop jazz and hip-hop. Many of the world's best-known musicians began their careers in
Canada, such as Bryan Adams or Céline Dion. But
before these musicians, Canada already had another
type of music, which was the classical music that was
sung by French colonists in XIV century. Despite
having their own music, these colonists tried to get
closer to the music sung by the indigenous population.
CANADA 16
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Herbert Whittaker. with the objective of preserving Canada's theatrical cultural heritage.
This theatre is known mainly for the works of Michel Tremblay and several companies
like One Yellow Rabbit and Carbono 14.
Many people usually go to this theatre to see various performances such as A Strange
Loop or A Mandragora that are known throughout the world.
Canada has a good number of destinations for tourists like Niagara Falls, the Banff
National Park and Rocky Mountains, Toronto’s CN Tower, Old Quebec, and the Whistler
are the most beautiful and visited destinations by the tourists.
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is the most famous natural attraction in Canada. Every year the
Niagara Falls brigs a lot of tourists to Canada to see the beauty of this Falls. Located
between the province of Ontario and the state off New York, these giant falls drop
approximately 57 meters.
CANADA 17
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
The Banff National Park is the Canada’s oldest park. The park is in Alberta’s
Rocky Mountains. Banff has 6,641 kilometres of mountainous terrain, with many
glaciers and ice fields, dense coniferous forest, and alpine landscapes.
Toronto’s CN Tower
The CN Tower is a communications and observation tower in Toronto. The tower
was completed in 1976 and it’s built on the former Railway Lands. At the top, you
can find fine dining in the revolving 360º restaurant and enjoy a meal while
looking out over the city and lake.
Pic 24 – CN Tower
Old Quebec
CANADA 18
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Old Quebec is a very historic neighbourhood of Quebec City designated a
UNESCO World Heritage Site. Founded on the 17th century? Québec City is one
of the important stages in the European settlement of the Americas, it was the
capital of New France and, after 1760, of the new British colony.
Whistler
Whistler Blackcomb is a very famous ski resort located in British Columbia. This
ski resort is the largest resort in North America and has the greatest uphill lift
capacity. The Whistler has always been an important winter sports area but now
it also has been developing into a popular summer area for golf and mountain
biking and it’s a lively town. In 2010, this village received international attention
when it became one of the locations of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games.
CANADA 19
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Pic 26 – Whistler
The country boasts a network of over 40 national parks and reserves, including
UNESCO-listed sites like Nahanni National Park Reserve and other Canadian
wonders. These protected areas safeguard the country’s rich ecosystems. In the
northern parts of Canada, the Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis) grace the skies over
200 days annually.
While there are many natural attractions in Canada, some are more famous than
others. Niagara Falls, the Rockies, the Cabot Trail, Nahanni National Park Reserve,
the Northern Lights, and the Bay of Fundy are among the top 7 natural wonders of
Canada. Landscapes in Canada are varied, so it’s worth visiting different provinces
and regions.
The Valley of the Ten Peaks is in Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada, in the
Canadian Rockies.
The ten peaks are to be found above Moraine Lake. As their name suggests,
these are ten jagged snowy mountain peaks adjacent to one another overlooking
Moraine Lake, and casting their reflections upon its pristine blue waters?
CANADA 20
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Pic 27 - Valley of The Ten Peaks
The Capilano Suspension Bridge is built 70 metres high and is 137 metres long. It
is one of the largest suspension bridges in the world and links the two sides of the
Capilano River. The bridge stands at a height equivalent to a 25-storey building
and its first version was built in 1889.
And here are now the five most natural wonders to see in Canada:
Moraine Lake
Moraine Lake is a glacially fed lake and its located 14 kilometres outside of the hamlet of
Lake Louise. This lake is situated in the Valley of Ten Peaks at an elevation of
approximately 1884 meters.
CANADA 21
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
It has a vivid turquoise colour; this colour is caused by rocks gridding underneath the ice
as the nearby glacier moves.
CANADA 22
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Bear Rock Sinkhole
Bear rock is a geologic formation in the Sathu Region of the Northwest territories located
across the mouth of the Great Bear River. This sinkhole is formed by the collapse of a
vast cave under the earth’s surface.
Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island is Canada’s northernmost and third largest island and the tenth largest
in the world. It compromises an area of 196,236 km2. This island was a wetland forest.
The palm trees and the warm weather have long gone, but ancient tree stumps remain
in an incredible fossil forest which has helped the scientists understand the Arctic before
the Ice Age.
CANADA 23
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
Canadian Rockies
The Canadian Rockies is the Canadian segment of North American Rocky Mountains.
The Canadian Rockies delivers a montage of landscapes as quintessentially Canadian.
These mountains comprise both the Alberta Rockies and the British Rockies, this
immense UNESCO World Heritage Site encompasses a vast array of natural wonder.
Pic 33 - Canadian
Rockies
CANADA 24
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
III. Curiosities about Canada
Celine Dion
Celine Dion is a globally acclaimed Canadian singer
and one of the world's most successful artists. Her
musical career spans several decades and is
marked by her exceptional vocal talent. She gained
international fame with her 1990 album "Unison" and
became a global superstar with her performance of
the theme song "My Heart Will Go On" from the film
"Titanic" in 1997.
Pic 34 – Celine Dion
James Cameron
James Cameron is a Canadian cinematographer,
director and screenwriter known for his work in the
film industry. He was born in Kapuskasing, Ontario,
Canada. Cameron has directed many influential and
highly successful films, and is particularly known for
his work in the science fiction and action genres.
Some of his most famous films include Terminator 2:
Judgment Day, Aliens, Titanic and Avatar.
Michael J. Fox
Michael J. Fox is a Canadian-American actor,
producer and advocate. He was born in Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada. Michael J. Fox is widely
recognised for his roles in film and television and
has become a fixture in the entertainment industry.
CANADA 25
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
He is perhaps most recognised for his iconic portrayal of Marty McFly in the "Back to the
Future" film trilogy?
The word Canada is derived from the indigenous word Kanata, which means
“settlement” or “village” in the language of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians. Sadly,
these indigenous people disappeared in the 16th century, during wars with the
Mohawk? who wanted a monopoly on trade with Europeans at the time.
There is symbolism in both the design and the colours of the national flag of
Canada. The colours are meant to symbolize hope and prosperity, as well as
peace, tranquillity and neutrality. The maple leaf design represents the cultural
heritage of the nation and the natural resources of Canada.
Canada has national parks that are bigger than many countries. Wood Buffalo
National Park in Albert is bigger than Denmark and Switzerland (just over 44,000
square kilometres) and Nahanni National Park Reserve in the Northwest
Territories is bigger than Israel with over 30,000 square kilometres.
Canada has just under 400 million hectares of forest. 10% of the world’s forests
are in Canada.
Lacrosse is the national sport of Canada. Lacrosse was actually first played by
First Nations people in the 1600s, first picked up by Canada’s Anglophone middle
classes in the 19th century, was official – by an act of parliament in 1994 –
declared to be the national sport of Canada.
Canadians participate in a wide array of sports and other recreational activities.
Sports play an important role in the Canadian school system, largely the result of
the country’s well-coordinated network of governmental and non-governmental
agencies devoted to physical education.
Canadians love mac and cheese (macaroni and cheese), or, as they call it, Kraft
Dinner. Every year around seven million of these boxes of macaroni are sold
around the world, and Canada buys a large proportion of them; that's around 1.7
CANADA 26
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
million boxes of Kraft Dinner. Americans consume the most, but Canadians eat
around 55% more macaroni and cheese than their neighbours to the south.
CANADA 27
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
IV. Conclusion
Canada is located in North America, north of the United States and it is the
second largest country in the world in terms of area, although it is relatively small
in terms of population.
One of Canada's most notable features is its incredible geographical diversity and
vastness. The country is home to a vast variety of spectacular landscapes,
including vast boreal forests, magnificent mountains, countless crystal-clear lakes
and rivers, as well as an Atlantic coastline brimming with natural beauty.
The national capital is Ottawa, Canada’s fourth largest city. It lies some 250 miles
(400 km) northeast of Toronto and 125 miles (200 km) west of Montreal,
respectively Canada’s first and second cities in terms of population? and
economic, cultural, and educational importance. The third largest city is
Vancouver, a centre for trade with the Pacific Rim countries and the principal
western gateway to Canada’s developing interior.
CANADA 28
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
roots, highlighting the technology, automotive, petrochemical and machinery.
Canada is also featured in their manufactured exports.
The Canadian population has a high standard of living, making the consumer
market rather strong.
From these highlights we can conclude that, in the overall, Canada is a truly inspiring
country that serves as an example of how a nation can prosper, grow and evolve while
maintaining its fundamental principles. Through understanding its history, culture and
economy, we are reminded of the importance of diversity, inclusion and the constant
search for a better future for all its citizens and the world as a whole.
CANADA 29
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
V. Webliography
https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/
https://www.nationsonline.org/
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16841111
https://www.canadaforme.com/
https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/
https://career-advice.jobs.ac.uk/
https://www.usnews.com/
https://pt.wikipedia.org/
https://www.infopedia.pt/
https://guia.melhoresdestinos.com.br/
https://www.worldatlas.com/
https://www.countryreports.org/country/Canada/geography.htm
https://www.3dgeography.co.uk/canada-geography
https://paiseseviagens.com/america-do-norte/canada/teatro.htm
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museu_Canadense_de_Hist%C3%B3ria
https://www.hisour.com/pt/theatre-museum-canada-toronto-canada-
5320/
https://theatremuseum.ca/
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_do_Canad%C3%A1
https://www.trabalhosfeitos.com/ensaios/Cultura-e-Musica-Canadense/
77410951.html
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totem
https://pt.yourtripagent.com/58-where-do-totem-poles-originate-from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_art#/media/File:Totem_haida.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_art
https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada/Visual-arts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste_Day
https://edvoy.com/articles/canadian-traditions/
CANADA 30
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day
https://www.tasteatlas.com/beaver-tails
https://www.foodbloggersofcanada.com/beaver-tails/
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_de_A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Gra
%C3%A7as_(Canad%C3%A1)
https://www.youtooproject.com/en/blog/canada/10-canadian-traditions
https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/most-spoken-languages-in-canada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Canada
https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/official-languages-
bilingualism/official-languages-action-plan/2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_bilingualism_in_Canada
https://www.sprachcaffe.com/english/magazine-article/what-language-is-
spoken-in-canada-the-official-language-and
https://www.clo-ocol.gc.ca/en/tools-resources/infographics
https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/canadian-culture/canadian-culture-core-
concept
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Rock
https://www.escape.com.au/destinations/north-america/canada/canadas-
most-incredible-natural-attractions/image-gallery/
f1943f3ea2efa707d0c13bfb6d66b92b?page=1
whistlerblackcomb.com
whc.unesco.org/en/list/300
www.cntower.ca
parks.canada.ca/pn-np/ab/Banff
planetware.com/tourist-attractions/canada-cdn.htm
www.news1130.com
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Celine-Dion
https://www.infopedia.pt/apoio/artigos/$james-cameron
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-J-Fox
Canada Provinces vs. Territories | History & Government - Video &
Lesson Transcript | Study.com
https://www.ducksters.com/geography/country/canada.php
CANADA 31
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/
publications-manuals/discover-canada/read-online/canadas-history.html
CANADA 32
AGRUPAMENTO DE ESCOLAS ROMEU CORREIA – 10TH A2 – ENGLISH