Introduction to

Sociolinguistic

Ethnography &
Ethnomethology
Group 9
K1-21
OUR TEAM Alfina Elsya (21018050)
Alma Savanah (21018051)

Lecturer:
Prof. Dr. H. Mukhaiyar, M.Pd.
 Ethnography
Definition
Purpose
SPEAKING

Table of Ethnomethodology
Definition
Contents Background knowledge as part of communication:
Commonsense knowledge and practical reasoning:
Garfinkel and his students: studies in ethnomethodology.
Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
 Introduction to
Sociolinguistic

Ethnography
Qualitative research method used to study and
understand the relationship between language and
society within specific cultural or social groups.
 Ethnography?
1. Definition
A written description of the social organization and
activities of a particular group of people.
Duranti (1997, 85)

2. Purpose to know
How language is used in different social contexts.
How language reflects social identity and cultural norms.
How language influences social interactions and relationships.
How?
Ethnography framework has various factors that
are involved during the process of which are as
follows:

S P E A K I N G

Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2021, April 12). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. John Wiley & Sons.
SPEAKING
Time & place
Setting & Scene
Concrete physical circumstances

Speaker–listener
Participants Addressor– addressee
Sender–receiver

Recognized and expected outcomes of an

Ends exchange as well as to the personal goals that participants seek to
accomplish

Form and content of what is said:

Words used
Act Sequence
How they are used
The relationship of what is said to the actual topic at hand.
Hymes (1974)
 SPEAKING
Refers to the tone, manner, or spirit in which a particular message is
Key
conveyed.

Refers to the choice of channel (Oral, written, signed, or telegraphic)

Instrumentalities And also refers to the actual forms of speech employed (such as the
language, dialect, code, or register that is chosen).

Norms of Refers to the specific behaviors and how these may be viewed by
Interactions & someone who does not share them
Interpretations (e.g., loudness, silence, gaze return, and so on).

Refers to clearly demarcated types of utterance, such things as poems,

Genre
proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures, and editorials.

Hymes (1974)
 Micro Teaching

Ethnometodology
 DEFINITION

the Greek ‘ethno’ which refers to

people and how they understand
and interpret their surroundings
‘methodology’ designates a set of
methods or principles
‘ethnomethodology’, the study of the
way people make sense of their
Back to Agenda Page
everyday like.
 By definition:
Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge
that people use to understand the social and or sociolinguistic
situations in which they find themselves.

The aim of Methnomethodology is to study the processes of

sense (idealizing and formulizing) that members of society use
to construct the social world and its factual properties (its sense
of being ready-made and independent of perception).

https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1323201021707.pdf
 Background knowledge as part of communication:
Sacks 1972a, 1972b: To interpret particular sentences or sets of
sentences, we must have some knowledge of the categories that
speakers find relevant

Example: The baby cried. The mommy picked it up.’

Sacks claims: membership categorization devices

https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1323201021707.pdf
 Commonsense knowledge and practical reasoning:
Commonsense knowledge: It is the understandings, recipes, maxims,
and definitions that we employ in daily living as we go about doing
things.
Example: Thunder usually accompanies lightning; how to make a
telephone call

Practical reasoning: Refers to the way in which people make use of

their commonsense knowledge and to how they employ that
knowledge in their conduct of everyday life

https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1323201021707.pdf
 Garfinkel and his students: studies in
ethnomethodology
Case 1
S: Hi, Ray. How is your girlfriend feeling?
E: What do you mean, how is she feeling? Do you mean physical or mental?
S: I mean how is she feeling? What’s the matter with you? (He looked peeved.) E:
Nothing. Just explain a little clearer what do you mean?
S: Skip it. How are your Med School applications coming?
E: What do you mean. How are they?
S: You know what I mean.
E: I really don’t.
S: What’s the matter with you? Are you sick?

https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1323201021707.pdf
 Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis
Ethnomethodologists have found that naturally occurring conversations provide
them with some of their most interesting data.

https://www.sid.ir/fileserver/je/1323201021707.pdf
Sources
SOURCE
Wardhaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2021, April 12). An Introduction to
Sociolinguistics. John Wiley & Sons.

Thankyou
DISCUSSION

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