Professional Documents
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Cosmeceuticals
• Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with biologically active
ingredients having medical or drug‐like benefits.
Moisturizing Agents:
Stratum corneum is the primary barrier of the skin whose one of main
purpose is to keep inside in & outside out. This barrier is rich in
cholesterol, free fatty acids, and ceramides.
Water from the stratum corneum gets evaporated very quickly leading to
dehydration. This dehydration of skin can be averted by using
moisturizers which provide flexibility to the skin.
Moisturizers by hydrating the skin, make the stratum corneum softer &
can even alter physiology of skin.
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Sunscreen Agents:
• Use of sunscreen agents and limiting the exposure to sun prevents early
wrinkling and skin cancer.
• Sunscreen agents are used to prevent sunburns.
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• Chemical sunscreen agents protect the skin from the sun by absorbing the
ultraviolet (UV) and visible sun rays, while physical sunscreen agents
reflect, scatter, or block the rays.
• Chemical sunscreens mainly based on para‐amino benzoic acid, its
derivatives, cinnamates, various salicylates etc. are frequently employed
as sun blocking agents.
• Direct physical blockers include metal containing compounds such as
iron, zinc, titanium, and bismuth.
Vitamins:
• Exposure to the UV radiations accelerates the aging effect of the skin.
• Damage is initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (free
radicals). It is a progressive process whose consequences are damage to
DNA.
• The topical treatment of acne vulgaris with vitamin A, is very well
supported by evidence.
• Vitamin B3, commonly known as nicotinamide is available in
cosmeceutical products and can be used as a complementary agent for
some types of acne, as well as aging skin.
Vitamin A:
• The human epidermis contains significant amounts of vitamin A (alltrans‐
retinol). It has been observed that both UVB and UVA can damage the
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• L‐ascorbic acid is the active form of vitamin‐C, which was first used as
cosmeceutical creams.
• Previous formulations ( L‐ascorbic acid) were very unstable due to the
oxidation of the vitamin exposed to air. So to overcome this problem,
esterified derivatives of L‐ascorbic acid in topical formulations have been
used to improve stability.
• The most commonly used derivatives are ascorbyl‐ 6‐palmitate and
magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.
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Nutraceuticals
“bio-actiVe products presented as 'dietary supplements' or similar”
Introduction:
• Nutraceuticals, a term first coined by Stephen DeFelice in 1989.
• These are natural plant products that are not only the source of nutrient-
rich foods, but also have therapeutic effects with virtually no adverse
reactions.
• Because of their beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment
of several diseases, major biotechnology companies and academia have
ventured into the screening and large-scale production of the next-
generation pharmaceuticals from plants
• Nutraceuticals may be defined as—‘any substance that may belong to a
plant, food or an essential component of food providing definitive
medicinal usefulness and health promotion as well as physiological
benefits, and ultimately minimise the possible risk of the prevailing
chronic disease significantly.
• Products of which one would have heard rarely some l0 or 20 years
ago are now objects of daily discussion. The lack of licensing of
these products is a point of major concern
• One of the significant outcomes of such a search is the identification of a
medicinal plant, Echinacea purpurea, as a rich source of nutraceuticals.
The plant extract has been reported to prevent viral infection and reduce
tumor progression.
• In addition, daily use of the extract is known to significantly abate
leukemia as well as extend the life span of both leukemic and aging mice.
• Functional Food may be defined as—“the food usually prepared by the
aid of ‘scientific intelligence’ using definite knowledge about its
anticipated merit/usefulness.”In this manner, the functional food
essentially caters to the body with the necessary quantum of vital
carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins, etc, required for its normal as
well as healthy survival.
• Examples: Vegetables, rice, wheat, fruits, pulses, fish, eggs, poultry
products, beef, meat etc
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