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4. Which of the following old time remedies are still being used today?
a. Maggots
b. Trephining
c. Leeches
d. A and C
ANS: D
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of both leeches and maggots
in the medical setting in 1976. Trephining was the practice of cutting into the skull to give the
evil spirit a portal through which to leave and is no longer used.
5. The effects associated with opioid receptors include all of the following except:
a. Analgesia
b. Respiratory depression
c. Increased gastrointestinal motility
d. Euphoria
ANS: C
The effects associated with the opioid receptors include analgesia, respiratory depression,
pupil constriction, reduced gastrointestinal motility, euphoria, dysphoria, sedation, and
physical dependence.
6. Which of the following choices best describes sources of materials for remedies in ancient
times?
a. Chemicals, minerals, and vitamins
b. Minerals, animals, and plant parts
c. Bodies of water, plant parts, and dirt
d. Prayer, bones, and plant parts
ANS: B
Archaeologic discoveries have revealed civilizations that documented the use of minerals,
animals, and plant parts to heal the sick.
9. The first vaccine, developed in 1796, was for the prevention of which condition?
a. Mumps
b. Smallpox
c. Measles
d. Poliomyelitis (polio)
ANS: B
Vaccines were not developed until 1796 with the first immunization against smallpox in
England.
10. Laudanum, which is a combination of opium and alcohol that was used during the Civil War
for multiple conditions, was problematic for what reason?
a. Laudanum was difficult to make.
b. It was very expensive.
c. Opium could no longer be imported.
d. Laudanum was highly addictive and resulted in many deaths and miscarriages.
ANS: D
Individuals became addicted to laudanum at an alarming rate. Many mortalities and
miscarriages were attributed to this agent.
11. During the Civil War, many soldiers died from ______________.
a. common diseases
b. battle wounds
c. postsurgical infections
d. all of the above
ANS: D
Soldiers who did not die of their wounds succumbed to tuberculosis, typhoid fever, dysentery,
and a host of other diseases, including measles, mumps, and chickenpox. Many men died of
infections caused by amputations and gunshot wounds.
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13. Which of the following scientists made major contributions to the field of genetics?
a. Watson and Crick
b. Gregor Mendel
c. Louis Pasteur
d. A and B
ANS: D
As a result of his work with pea plants, Gregor Mendel became known as the “Father of
Genetics.” In April 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published a scientific paper
presenting the structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)–helix, the molecule that carries
genetic information from one generation to another. Louis Pasteur (France), best known for
the pasteurization process, was responsible for inventing vaccinations such as the anthrax
vaccine.
14. What is the name of the first pharmacy school in the United States, which opened in 1821?
a. College of Pharmacy and Sciences in Philadelphia
b. College of Pharmacy in Albany
c. Ohio State College of Pharmacy in Columbus
d. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Boston
ANS: A
The first pharmacy school opened in 1821 at the College of Pharmacy and Sciences in
Philadelphia, which is now called the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.