Thesis Chap3 New

35
Chapter 3
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the relevant information collected during the
conduct of the study as follow:
General Observation
This study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020 at the
“Kabute-han ng LSPU: Mushroom production center” located inside the campus
near the Agri-tech building.
During the conduct of the study, the researcher observed the presence of
pests; mouse/rats destroying fruiting bags eating the inoculated P.ostreatus grain
spawn. This was controlled by setting the fruiting bags higher from the flooring to
prevent the rodents from reaching bags and set up traps and ultrasonic pest
repellers to prevent them from coming near the fruiting bags and put baits for
them to eat and not the inoculum in the fruiting bags. During pinheads’
formation, birds came and eat the newly developed pinheads. This situation
adversely affects the production of mushroom fruiting bodies. This was
controlled by covering the openings in the growing house that serve as entrance
of the said bird.
Growth Characteristics
The following parameters were taken to determine the characteristics of
Oyster mushroom grown on different woodcraft wastes and soaking duration.

36
Number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth
The number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth was observed to
begin on the substrate is presented in Table 2. Earliest mycelial growth was
noted on fruiting bags with 74% woodchips + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime +
3.7% molasses + 4-L water soaked for five minutes in water (A1B2). While the
latest was observed on fruiting bags with – 74% wood chunks + 18.52% rice bran
+ 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water soaked for three hours (A2B6) with
a mean number of 2.0 and 3.0 days, respectively. However, Analysis of Variance
failed to show significant differences among treatment means.
Table 2. Total number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth
Soaking duration Substrates

Mean
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 2.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.46
A2 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.75 2.75 3.00 2.75 2.67
A3 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.54
Mean 2.75 2.33 2.42 2.58 2.58 2.67 2.58
Summary Statistics F-Value Pr(>F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% day
Mean
a = 0.68 0.5429 27.41 20.05 19.59 2.56
b = 0.92 0.5038
c = 0.44 0.9345
Legend:
Factor A - Soaking
Duration
A1 – 5 minutes
A2 – 3 hours
A3 – 5 hours
Factor B - Woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing substrates

B – 74% sawdust + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
1
B – 74% woodchips + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
2
B – 37%Wood Chips+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
3
B – 74%wood shaving + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
4
B – 37%Wood shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
5
37
B – 74% wood chunks + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
6
B – 37%Wood chunks+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
7
Number of days from inoculation to full colonization

The average number of days from inoculation to full colonization of the
substrate in the fruiting bags is presented in Table 3. Earliest full colonization of
substrate was noted on fruiting bags with 74% sawdust + 18.52% rice bran +
3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water soaked in water for 3 minutes, while
the latest to fully colonize was observed on fruiting bags with 37%Wood
chunks+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L
water, soaked for 5 hours. However, analysis of Variance did not show any
significant differences among treatment means. This result indicates that different
treatments used in this study gave the same effect on the number of days from
inoculation to full colonization.
Table 3. Total number of days from inoculation to full colonization
Soaking duration Substrates Mean
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 9.00 10.00 10.50 10.25 10.25 10.75 9.75 10.07

A2 9.50 10.25 9.75 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.93
A3 10.00 9.25 10.00 9.50 10.25 10.25 11.00 10.04
Mean 9.5 9.83 10.08 9.92 10.17 10.33 10.25

Summary Statistics
F-value Pr(>F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% day Mean
a = 0.21 0.8174 8.60 8.44 7.48 10.01
b = 1.38 0.2763
c = 1.64 0.1250
Legend:
Factor A - Soaking Duration
A – 5 minutes
38
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Daily spawn run rate
The daily spawn run rate of P. ostreatus is presented in Tables 4 and 5.
Data on the spawn run rate on the right side of the fruiting bag showed that
fastest spawn run rate was noted on substrate composed of 37%wood
water soaked for five hours (A3B7). Slowest was noted on substrate with 74%
woodchips + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
soaked in water for five hours (A3B2).
Whereas on the left side of the fruiting bag, as presented in Table 5,
fastest spawn run rate was noted on substrate with 37%Wood
shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-
L water soaked for five minutes (A1B5). Slowest was noted on fruiting bags with
74% sawdust + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
soaked for five hours (A3B1). However, no significant differences among
treatment means was indicated by the Analysis of Variance.

39
Average daily spawn run rate were presented in chart 1 to chart 6 with the
use of line graph for better illustration of average daily measurements of mycelial
growth of P. ostreatus in millimeter (mm) throughout the colonization period of
the substrates.
Chart 1. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 5 minutes soaking
DAILYDAILY
AVERAGE SPAWN RUN-RIGHT
SPAWN 5MINUTES
RUN-RIGHT SOAKING
5 MINUTES SOAKING
8.5
8.3
8.3
8.1 T1
T2
T3
(mm)
8.1
T4
Axis Title
7.9 T5
millimeter
T6
7.9 T7
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.5
DAY1
DAY1 DAY2
DAY2 DAY3
DAY3 DAY4
DAY4 DAY5
DAY5 DAY6
DAY6 DAY7
DAY7 DAY8
DAY8 DAY9 DAY10
DAY9 DAY10 DAY11
DAY11
Chart 2. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 5 minutes soaking
AVERAGE
DAILYDAILY
SPAWNSPAWN RUN-LEFT
RUN-LEFT 5 MINUTES
5MINUTES SOAKING
SOAKING
8.5
8.3
T1
T2
8.1 T3
(mm)
T4
Axis Title
T5
imeter
T6
7.9
7.7
7.7
40
7.5
7.5 DAY1
DAY1 DAY2
DAY2 DAY3
DAY3 DAY4
DAY4 DAY5
DAY5 DAY6
DAY6 DAY7
DAY7 DAY8
DAY8 DAY9
DAY9 DAY10
DAY10 DAY11
DAY11
Chart 3. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 3 hours soaking
AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-RIGHT 3 HOURS SOAKING

8.5
8.3
T1
T2
T3
millimeter (mm)
8.1
T4
T5
T6
7.9 T7
7.7
7.5
DAY1 DAY2 DAY3 DAY4 DAY5 DAY6 DAY7 DAY8 DAY9 DAY10 DAY11
Chart 4. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 3 hours soaking
AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-LEFT 3 HOURS SOAKING

8.5
8.3
T1
T2
T3
ter (mm)
8.1
T4
T5
T7
mi
7.7
41
7.5
Chart 5. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 5 hours soaking
AVERAGE
DAILYDAILY
SPAWNSPAWN RUN-RIGHT
RUN-RIGHT 5 HOURS
5HOURS SOAKING
SOAKING
8.5
8.3
T1
T2
T3
(mm)
8.1
T4
Axis Title
T5
millimeter
T6
7.9 T7
7.7
7.5
Chart 6. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 5 hours soaking
AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-LEFT 5 HOURS SOAKING

8.5
8.3
T1
T2
T3
meter (mm)
8.1
T4
T5
T6
7.7
42
7.5
Table 4. Average daily spawn run rate of P. ostreatus (right side) in millimeter.
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 8.085069 8.072708 8.077187 8.106979 8.087552 8.100417 8.091875 8.08

A2 8.132396 8.119851 8.089137 8.124494 8.099271 8.115997 8.134896 8.11
A3 8.036697 8.004522 8.027842 8.017316 8.027216 8.032008 8.010541 8.02
Mean 8.08 8.06 8.06 8.08 8.07 8.08 8.08

Summary Statistics F-value Pr(>F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% length(mm) Mean
a = 0.43 0.6694 4.83 0.4646 0.4355 8.08
b = 0.55 0.7650
c = 0.66 0.7798
Table 5. Average daily spawn run rate of P.ostreatus (left side) in milimeter.
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 8.129167 8.130833 8.092917 8.137187 8.142188 8.136875 8.128750 8.12

A2 8.099167 8.085313 8.141443 8.126815 8.102500 8.101183 8.090729 8.10
A3 7.997838 8.024189 8.035168 8.049269 8.036615 8.059034 8.085398 8.04
Mean 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.09 8.09 8.10

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Summary Statistics F-value Pr(>F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% length(mm) Mean

a = 0.43 0.27 5.67 0.4369 0.4080 8.09
b = 0.55 1.15
c = 0.66 1.97
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Number of days from full colonization to harvesting
The number of days from full colonization to harvesting is presented in
Table 6. This was taken by counting the number of days from development of
pinheads until fruiting bodies were ready to harvest. Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) showed no significant differences among substrate used in this study
and its interaction with soaking duration. However, significant difference was
observed on the effect of soaking duration of substrate on the number of days
from full colonization to harvesting. Pairwise mean comparison of Factor A
(Different soaking duration) on Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed that
earliest harvesting was noted on substrate soaked for five hours.
. According to Jhune, C. S., Donghun Shin, Jeong-Sik Park and Sejong Oh,
on a published study in SemanticScholar.org entitled “Effect of Pasteurized

44
Substrates in Various Condition on the Mycelial Growth of Oyster Mushroom,
Pleurotus spp.” (2000), The pH in substrates was leveled well by pasteurization
and after-fermentation even though the acidity was lowered by extending
the soaking time. Therefore, factor A3 (5 hours of soaking) has the lowest acidity
level among the soaking durations which develop pinheads to mature fruiting
bodies faster.
Table 6. Average Number of days from full colonization to harvesting
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.25 2.25

A2 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.75 2.25
A3 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.75 2.25 2.75
Summary Statistics:
FACTOR.A means N F Value Pr(> F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% Mean

group
A1 2.32 28 b a=6.75 0.0291 10.53 26.41 20.84 2.39
A2 2.32 28 b b=0.26 0.9493
A3 2.54 28 a C=0.61 0.8223
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
45

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Number of harvesting
The average total number of harvesting is presented in Table 7. This was
taken by counting the number of times harvesting was done from first harvesting
to the time the substrate in the fruiting bags turn brown and/or black and stop to
produce mushroom fruiting bodies. Analysis of Variance showed no significant
effect of soaking duration and its interaction with different substrates used in this
study. However, significant effect was noted among substrates used in this
study. Pairwise mean comparison of Factor B (Woodcraft wastes-based
substrate) on Tukeys's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Test showed that
irrespective of soaking duration, substrates composed of 74% woodchips +
18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B2); 74%wood
shavings + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B4);
and 37% wood shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7%
molasses + 4-L water (B5) gave significantly greatest number of harvesting.
As mentioned by Marshall et. al, (2009) Mushrooms fruit in breaks or
flushes, and the type and size of mushrooms harvested depend on the type of
46
mushrooms grown and market demand. Mushrooms should be harvested
according to market demand; for example, there may be a price premium for
small button mushrooms. Generally, mushrooms are harvested by hand using
sterilized knives to cut the ones that are ready. Pickers should be trained to
recognize the appropriate stage for harvesting and be consistent in when the
mushrooms are cropped.
Table 7. Average of Number of harvesting
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 14.25 11.50 4.25 23.75 19.00 8.50 3.75

A2 5.75 19.50 9.25 22.25 7.25 8.00 4.50
A3 10.00 20.25 9.50 25.25 11.25 14.75 7.50
Mean
Summary Statistics:
FACTOR.B means N F Value Pr(> F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% Mean

group
B1 10.00 12 b A =0.89 0.4572 71.63 75.90 48.56 12.38
B2 17.08 12 ab B =5.30 0.0026
B3 7.67 12 b AxB=1.64 0.1245
47
B4 23.75 12 a
B5 12.50 12 ab
B6 10.42 12 b
B7 5.25 12 b
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Pileus diameter
The pileus diameter was taken by measuring the cap through the center
that is from one end to the opposite end part of the cap. No significant main
effect and its interaction with different substrates have been observed (Table 8).
But significant effect of different substrates on the pileus diameter of P. ostreatus
was noticed in this study. Statistical analysis using Pairwise mean comparison of
Factor B (Woodcraft wastes based substrate) on Tukeys's Honest Significant
Difference (HSD) Test showed that irrespective of the soaking duration, pileus
diameter of P. ostreatus grown on substrates composed of 74% woodchips +
18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B2); 37%Wood
Chips+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L
water (B3); 74%wood shaving + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7%
48
molasses + 4-L water (B4); 37%Wood shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran
+ 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B5); and 37%wood
water (B7) have significantly widest pileus of P. ostreatus fruiting body.
According to Kortei et. al, (2018); growth parameters of cap diameter and
stipe lengths of P. ostreatus obtained on the various treatments of gamma
irradiation and steam sterilization varied presumably due to the extent release of
nutrients from depolymerization of substrate and subsequent mobilization by
hyphae in the substrate for growth. The performance of oyster mushroom grown
on composted lignocellulosic substrates with respect to stipe length and cap
diameter (pileus width) also depended on the structure, compactness, and
physical properties of the substrate which in turn was influenced by the type of
agricultural wastes and method used in preparing the substrates. The substrates
with higher moisture retaining capacity grow better than those with lower
moisture retaining capacity and those substrates which contained mixtures of
different types of agricultural wastes performed better than those with single
agricultural waste.
Table 8. Average of Pileus diameter
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 63.54410 61.31502 62.87755 67.12797 67.25004 58.86929 64.01486

A2 61.32106 59.93563 59.06152 68.47250 72.30486 50.48466 51.55472
A3 46.34000 60.24280 61.55437 66.25381 67.60377 58.82945 62.08157
49
Mean
Summary Statistics:

group
B1 57.07 12 bc A =1.59 0.2787 12.36 13.27 12.93 61.48
B2 60.50 12 abc B =4.39 0.0067
B3 61.16 12 abc AxB=1.55 0.1533
B4 67.28 12 ab
B5 69.05 12 a
B6 56.06 12 c
B7 59.22 12 abc
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Diameter of stipe
The diameter of stipe was taken by measuring the middle part of the
mushroom stipe or pseudostem. Widest mushroom stipe as shown in Table 9
was observed on P. ostreatus grown on substrate composed of 74% wood
chunks + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
soaked for three hours (A2B6) white the smallest was obtained by P. ostreatus
cultivated on substrate with 74% sawdust + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime +
3.7% molasses + 4-L water soaked for five hours (A3B1). However, no
50
significant difference was observed among treatments and their combinations.
This result indicates that irrespective of different substrates and soaking duration
used in this study, same diameter of mushroom stipe was obtained.
Table 9. Average of Diameter of stipe
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 8.358155 8.014029 8.400463 9.032726 8.075135 7.323800 7.457778

A2 7.607639 7.670410 7.436706 8.352231 8.288368 10.503588 9.569306
A3 5.601081 7.457246 7.523434 8.156968 7.545779 7.341154 7.551632
Mean
Summary Statistics:
F Value Pr(> F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% Mean
A =2.89 0.1318 23.42 22.62 18.20 7.97
B =0.76 0.6115
AxB=1.59 0.1390
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Length of stipe
The length of stipe was taken by measuring the stipe from the tip where
the pileus attaches to the lowest part. Shortest stipe was noted on substrate
51
composed of 74% sawdust + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7%
molasses + 4-L water soaked for five hours (A3B1) while the longest was
obtained on P. ostreatus cultivated on substrate composed of 37%Wood
L water (V3B5). However, Analysis of Variance showed no significant differences
among Factor A (different soaking duration); Factor B (different woodcraft
wastes-based substrates) and their interactions. This result indicates that
different woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing substrates and soaking
durations gave the same effect on the length of mushroom stipe.
Table 10. Average of Length of stipe
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 22.10179 22.84792 26.33750 25.51788 21.70057 20.50286 22.62292

A2 23.38125 23.62119 25.34134 25.47598 23.02760 21.05681 22.41000
A3 18.22417 21.28759 21.71613 23.38475 26.54781 19.91804 22.94781
Mean
Summary Statistics:
F Value Pr(> F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% Mean
A =1.02 0.4156 17.48 19.06 19.21 22.86
B =1.63 0.1959
AxB=0.64 0.7905
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
52
3
4
5
6
7
Biological yield
The biological yield was taken by weighing the whole cluster of the fruiting
bodies without removing the base of the stalk/stipe. The result of data analysis
on the biological yield of P. ostreatus grown on different woodcraft wastes-based
mushroom growing substrates soaked at different duration is presented in Table
11. No significant effect was noted on different soaking duration and its
interaction with different substrates used in this study. Irrespective of the soaking
duration, P. ostreatus cultivated on 74% woodchips + 18.52% rice bran +
3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B2); – 74%wood shaving + 18.52%
rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B4) and 37%wood
L water (B5) have been found to have significantly heavier biological yield
compared with the rests of the substrate combinations.
As stated by Mondal et. al, (2010); time required for completion of
biological yield. Biological yield varied significantly due to effect of different
substrates at different flushes.

53
Table 11. Average of Biological yield
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 234.75 281.50 114.50 821.00 609.75 164.25 71.00

A2 137.25 513.00 226.25 670.75 222.50 203.50 94.50
A3 161.75 535.75 226.00 738.25 372.25 372.25 160.50
Mean
Summary Statistics:
factr.B means N F Value Pr(> F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% Mean
group
B1 177.92 12 b A =0.32 0.7364 100.79 94.25 62.22 330.06
B2 443.42 12 ab B =5.95 0.0014
B3 188.92 12 b AxB=1.20 0.3216
B4 743.33 12 a
B5 401.50 12 ab
B6 246.67 12 b
B7 108.67 12 b
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
B – 37%wood Chips+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
3
4
B – 37%wood shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
5
6
54
B – 37%wood chunks+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water
7
Total number of harvests per treatment
The total harvest per treatment is presented in Table 7. This was
determined by counting the total number of times harvesting was done per
mushroom fruiting bag. Data analysis using Pairwise mean comparison of Factor
B (Woodcraft wastes-based substrate) on Tukeys's Honest Significant Difference
(HSD) Test showed that irrespective of soaking duration, harvesting of
mushroom fruiting bodies on woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing
substrates composed of 74% woodchips + 18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime +
3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B2); – 74%wood shaving + 18.52% rice bran +
3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B4); and – 37%Wood
L water (B5) had longer time of harvesting.
Based on the study of Khan et. al, (2019); fruiting bodies total numbers
were counted for all treatments, which differed mostly among different
treatments. From the substrates three different flushes were obtained and for
each flush yield was recorded in grams for all the treatments. At the end cropping
55
period mushroom total yield was calculated by adding the yield of all three
flushes. Total yield was recorded by taking weight in fresh and dry form.
Table 12. Average of Number of total harvest per treatment
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 14.25 11.50 4.25 23.75 19.00 8.50 3.75

A2 5.75 19.50 9.25 22.25 7.25 8.00 4.50
A3 10.00 20.25 9.50 25.25 11.25 14.75 7.50
Mean
Summary Statistics:
group
B1 10.00 12 b A =0.89 0.4572 71.63 75.90 48.56 12.38
B2 17.08 12 ab B =5.30 0.0026
B3 7.67 12 b AxB=1.64 0.1245
B4 23.75 12 a
B5 12.50 12 ab
B6 10.42 12 b
B7 5.25 12 b
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
3
56
4
5
6
7
Economic yield
Economic yield presented in Table 13 was determined by weighing the
harvested mushroom fruiting bodies after removing the base of the stipe,
adhering substrates and/or dirt and dried mycelia. No significant interaction
effect between woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing substrates and
soaking duration have been observed. Irrespective of soaking duration, P.
ostreatus cultivated on substrates composed of 74% woodchips + 18.52% rice
bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B2); 74%wood shaving +
18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L water (B4); and
37%wood shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7%
molasses + 4-L water (B5) has been found to have significantly heavier economic
yield compared with other woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing
substrates used in this study.
According to Peng et al., (2000); rice bran is a most famous and easily
available organic substrate and supplementing rice straw with cereal bran, oil
seed cake and cotton seed cake are increase the development of oyster
mushroom in Asia. This strain had huge potential to give superior yield under
restricted environmental conditions. Differences nitrogen organic sources in
experiments were used as a substrate due to their easier access in the market,
57
their proper utilization for the cultivation of mushroom gives double benefits such
as their management as well as source of income.
Table 13. Average of Economic yield
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1 216.75 263.50 106.50 774.50 576.00 154.00 65.75

A2 129.50 478.25 211.00 628.00 211.50 191.25 88.75
A3 152.50 498.50 207.75 700.25 351.25 348.75 150.50
Mean
Summary Statistics:
group
B1 166.25 12 b A =0.32 0.7360 101.31 94.47 62.39 309.75
B2 413.42 12 ab B =6.00 0.0014
B3 175.08 12 b AxB=1.18 0.3301
B4 700.92 12 a
B5 379.58 12 ab
B6 231.33 12 b
B7 101.67 12 b
Legend:
A – 5 minutes
58
1
A – 3 hours
2
A – 5 hours
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
59
Table 14. Cost producing Oyster mushroom fruiting bags per preparation
Total
Unit Price
Items Quantity Unit Price
(Php)
(Php)
I. Material Inputs
Substrate
Grain spawn 85 bottle/s 75 6375
Sawdust 10 sack/s 20 200
Woodchips 6 sack/s 20 120
Wood Shavings 6 sack/s 20 120
Wood Chunks 6 sack/s 20 120
Rice bran 84 sack/s 16 1344
Molasses 17 Kg 20 340
Agrilime 17 Kg 45 765
Pp bag 10 Pack/s 27 270
Rubber band 1 Kg 90 90
Alcohol 1 bottle/s 50 50
Hanger materials
Straw Twine 2 roll/s 90 180
G.I. wire 1 Kg 90 90
Labor
Bagging 900 pc/s 2 1800
Pasteurization 10 load/s 50 500
Inoculation 900 pc/s 2 1800
Total 14164
60
Table 15. Production Income (Php) Factor A (5 minutes soaking duration), Factor B
(Woodcraft waste based substrate)
Items A1B1 A1B2 A1B3 A1B4 A1B5 A1B6 A1B7
I. GROSS INCOME
Total weight of
0.939 1.126 0.458 3.284 2.439 0.657 0.284
harvest
Total sale @
328.65 394.1 160.3 1149.4 853.65 229.95 99.4
Php350.00 per kg
II. EXPENSES
Operating Expenses
1 Labor
Collection,
preparation of
substrate and 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
pre-
decomposition
Bagging 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Pasteurization 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Inoculation 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Watering N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Harvesting and
postharvest 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
handling
2 Material Inputs
Grain spawn 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Woodcraft
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
wastes
Rice bran 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Molasses 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Agrilime 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Pp bag 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
Rubber band 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
III. TOTAL EXPENSES 184.7 184.7 184.7 184.7 184.7 184.7 184.7
IV. NET INCOME 143.95 209.4 -24.4 964.7 668.95 45.25 -85.3
61
Table 16. Production Income (Php) Factor A (3 hours soaking duration), Factor B
I. GROSS INCOME
Total weight of harvest 0.549 2.052 0.905 0.89 2.638 0.814 0.378
Total sale @
192.15 718.2 316.75 311.5 923.3 284.9 132.3
Php350.00 per kg
II. EXPENSES
Operating Expenses
1 Labor
Collection,
preparation of
substrate and 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
pre-
decomposition
Bagging 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Inoculation 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Harvesting and
handling
2 Material Inputs
Grain spawn 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Woodcraft wastes 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Rice bran 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Molasses 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Agrilime 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Pp bag 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
IV. NET INCOME 7.45 533.5 132.05 126.8 738.6 100.2 -52.4
Table 17. Production Income (Php) Factor A (5 hours soaking duration), Factor B
62

I. GROSS INCOME
Total weight of
0.647 2.143 0.904 2.953 1.489 1.489 0.642
harvest
Total sale @ 750.0 521.1
226.45 316.4 1033.6 521.15 224.7
Php350.00 per kg 5 5
II. EXPENSES
OperatingExpenses
1 Labor
Collection,
preparation of
substrate and 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
pre-
decomposition
Bagging 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Inoculation 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Harvesting and
handling
2 Material Inputs
Grain spawn 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
Woodcraft
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
wastes
Rice bran 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
Molasses 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Agrilime 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Pp bag 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
565.3 336.4
IV. NET INCOME 41.75 131.7 848.85 336.45 40
5 5
References:
63
Ahmed et al., (2015); Preliminary Study for Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom

(Pleurotus florida) on Agricultural Wastes in Saudi Arabia; Retrieved on
June 2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296679443_Preliminary
_Study_for_Cultivation_of_Oyster_Mushroom_Pleurotus_florida_Agricult
ral_Wastes_in_Saudi_Arabia
Andam et al., (2018); OYSTER MUSHROOM: A TREASURE FROM WASTE

IN LAGUNA; Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/03/29/oyster-mushroom-a-treasure-
from-waste-in laguna/#:~:text=Mushroom%20production%20has%20long
%20been,oyster
Beureau of Plant Industry 2018, Oyster Mushroom Production Guide; Retrieved

on June 2020 from
http://bpi.da.gov.ph/bpi/images/Production_guide/MUSHROOM-
PRODUCTION%20GUIDE/pdf/OYSTER%20MUSHROOM
Beyer (2016); Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms; Retrieved on June 2020 from

https://extension.psu.edu/cultivation-of-oyster-mushrooms
Buah et al., 2010 The Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom
(Pleurotus ostreatus) on Different Substrates; Retrieved on June 2020
from https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=biotech.2010.338.342
Chang et al., 2014; Status and Prospect of Mushroom Industry in the

Philippines; Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
Dinesh et al., (2013); COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OYSTER
MUSHROOM(Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation by physical and chemical
method of sterilization using two different substrates; Retrieved on June
2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265289949_COMPARATIVE_ST
UDY_OF_OYSTER_MUSHROOMPleurotus_ostreatus_cultivation_by_ph
ysical_and_chemical_method_of_sterilization_using_two_different_substr
ates
Dr. Josephine (2016); A review on oyster mushroom (pleurotus spp); Retrieved

on June 2020 from https://www.journalcra.com/article/review-oyster-
mushroom-pleurotus-spp
64
Guardiano, (2017); DOST introduces oyster mushroom production to Bindoy

residents Retrieved on June 2020 from (http://region7.dost.gov.ph/dost-
introduces-oyster-mushroom-production-tobindoyresidents/
#:~:text=Oyster%20mushroom%20(pleurotus
Girmay et al., (2016); Growth and yield performance of Pleurotus ostreatus

(Jacq. Fr.) Kumm (oyster mushroom) on different substrates; Retrieved on
June 2020 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5050175/
Laraca 2015; OYSTER MUSHROOM FARMING AS AN ANCHOR PROJECT;

Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/04/02/oyster-mushroom-farming-as-
an-anchor-project/
Jhune, C. S., Donghun Shin, Jeong-Sik Park and Sejong Oh. “Effect of
Pasteurized Substrates in Various Condition on the Mycelial Growth of Oyster
Mushroom, Pleurotus spp.” (2000).
https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=effects%20of%20soaking%20on
%20oyster%20mushroom&sort=relevance
Ahmed et al., (2015); Preliminary Study for Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom

(Pleurotus florida) on Agricultural Wastes in Saudi Arabia; Retrieved on
June 2020 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296679443
Preliminary_Study_for_Cultivation_of_Oyster_Mushroom_Pleurotus_florid
a_Agricultural_Wastes_in_Saudi_Arabia
Andam et al., (2018); OYSTER MUSHROOM: A TREASURE FROM WASTE

IN LAGUNA; Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/03/29/oyster-mushroom-a-treasure-
from-waste-in laguna/#:~:text=Mushroom%20production%20has%20long
%20been,oyster
Beureau of Plant Industry 2018, Oyster Mushroom Production Guide; Retrieved

on June 2020 from
http://bpi.da.gov.ph/bpi/images/Production_guide/MUSHROOM-
PRODUCTION%20GUIDE/pdf/OYSTER%20MUSHROOM
Beyer (2016); Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms; Retrieved on June 2020 from

https://extension.psu.edu/cultivation-of-oyster-mushrooms
65
Buah et al., 2010 The Growth and Yield Performance of Oyster Mushroom
(Pleurotus ostreatus) on Different Substrates; Retrieved on June 2020
from https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=biotech.2010.338.342
Chang et al., 2014; Status and Prospect of Mushroom Industry in the

Philippines; Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
Dinesh et al., (2013); COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OYSTER
MUSHROOM(Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation by physical and chemical
method of sterilization using two different substrates; Retrieved on June
2020 from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265289949_COMPARATIVE_ST
UDY_OF_OYSTER_MUSHROOMPleurotus_ostreatus_cultivation_by_ph
ysical_and_chemical_method_of_sterilization_using_two_different_substr
ates
Dr. Josephine (2016); A review on oyster mushroom (pleurotus spp); Retrieved

on June 2020 from https://www.journalcra.com/article/review-oyster-
mushroom-pleurotus-spp
Guardiano, (2017); DOST introduces oyster mushroom production to Bindoy

residents Retrieved on June 2020 from (http://region7.dost.gov.ph/dost-
introduces-oyster-mushroom-production-tobindoyresidents/
#:~:text=Oyster%20mushroom%20(pleurotus
Girmay et al., (2016); Growth and yield performance of Pleurotus ostreatus

(Jacq. Fr.) Kumm (oyster mushroom) on different substrates; Retrieved on
June 2020 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5050175/
Laraca 2015; OYSTER MUSHROOM FARMING AS AN ANCHOR PROJECT;

Retrieved on June 2020 from
https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2018/04/02/oyster-mushroom-farming-as-
an-anchor-project/
Jhune, C. S., Donghun Shin, Jeong-Sik Park and Sejong Oh. “Effect of
Pasteurized Substrates in Various Condition on the Mycelial Growth of Oyster
Mushroom, Pleurotus spp.” (2000).
https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=effects%20of%20soaking
%20on%20oyster%20mushroom&sort=relevance
66
Peng JT, Lee CM, Tsai YF. 2000. Effect of rice bran on the production of different
king oyster mushroom strains during bottle cultivation. Chinese Journal of
Agricultural Research 49, 60-67
Khan et al. (2019); Yield improvement of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

production using cotton seed cake with combination of wheat straw
amended with rice bran cellulosic waste materials; Retrieved on August
2020 from : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331563511
Marshall (2009); Make money by growing mushrooms; Rural Infrastructure and

Agro-Industries Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations Rome pages 23-59
Kortei et al. (2018); Correlations of cap diameter (pileus width), stipe length
and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus (Ex.Fr.) Kummer cultivated
on gamma-irradiated and steam-sterilized composted sawdust as an index
of quality for pricing; Retrieved on August 2020 from
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0185
Mondal et. al (2010); Comparative study on growth and yield performance of

oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on different substrates; Journal Bangladesh
Agriculture University pages 213–220

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35

This chapter presents the relevant information collected during the

conduct of the study as follow:

“Kabute-han ng LSPU: Mushroom production center” located inside the campus

near the Agri-tech building.

adversely affects the production of mushroom fruiting bodies. This was

of the said bird.

The following parameters were taken to determine the characteristics of

Oyster mushroom grown on different woodcraft wastes and soaking duration.

Number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth

The number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth was observed to

begin on the substrate is presented in Table 2. Earliest mycelial growth was

failed to show significant differences among treatment means.

Table 2. Total number of days from inoculation to mycelial growth

Soaking duration Substrates

Factor B - Woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing substrates

Number of days from inoculation to full colonization

substrate in the fruiting bags is presented in Table 3. Earliest full colonization of

chunks+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L

inoculation to full colonization.

Table 3. Total number of days from inoculation to full colonization

Soaking duration Substrates Mean

A1 9.00 10.00 10.50 10.25 10.25 10.75 9.75 10.07

Mean 9.5 9.83 10.08 9.92 10.17 10.33 10.25

Factor B - Woodcraft wastes-based mushroom growing substrates

Daily spawn run rate

The daily spawn run rate of P. ostreatus is presented in Tables 4 and 5.

fastest spawn run rate was noted on substrate composed of 37%wood

chunks+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-L

soaked in water for five hours (A3B2).

Whereas on the left side of the fruiting bag, as presented in Table 5,

fastest spawn run rate was noted on substrate with 37%Wood

shavings+37%sawdust+18.52% rice bran + 3.7%Agri lime + 3.7% molasses + 4-

soaked for five hours (A3B1). However, no significant differences among

treatment means was indicated by the Analysis of Variance.

growth of P. ostreatus in millimeter (mm) throughout the colonization period of

Chart 1. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 5 minutes soaking

Chart 2. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 5 minutes soaking

Chart 3. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 3 hours soaking

AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-RIGHT 3 HOURS SOAKING

Chart 4. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 3 hours soaking

AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-LEFT 3 HOURS SOAKING

Chart 5. Average daily spawn run rate – right, 5 hours soaking

Chart 6. Average daily spawn run rate – left, 5 hours soaking

AVERAGE DAILY SPAWN RUN-LEFT 5 HOURS SOAKING

Soaking duration Substrates Mean

A1 8.085069 8.072708 8.077187 8.106979 8.087552 8.100417 8.091875 8.08

Mean 8.08 8.06 8.06 8.08 8.07 8.08 8.08

Soaking duration Substrates Mean

A1 8.129167 8.130833 8.092917 8.137187 8.142188 8.136875 8.128750 8.12

Mean 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.09 8.09 8.10

Summary Statistics F-value Pr(>F) CV(a)% CV(b)% CV(c)% length(mm) Mean

Number of days from full colonization to harvesting

The number of days from full colonization to harvesting is presented in

pinheads until fruiting bodies were ready to harvest. Analysis of Variance

(ANOVA) showed no significant differences among substrate used in this study

observed on the effect of soaking duration of substrate on the number of days

from full colonization to harvesting. Pairwise mean comparison of Factor A

(Different soaking duration) on Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed that

earliest harvesting was noted on substrate soaked for five hours.

on a published study in SemanticScholar.org entitled “Effect of Pasteurized

Substrates in Various Condition on the Mycelial Growth of Oyster Mushroom,

Pleurotus spp.” (2000), The pH in substrates was leveled well by pasteurization

and after-fermentation even though the acidity was lowered by extending