Science

Quarter 1 – Module 1 THE

CONTINENTAL DRIFT
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

Editors: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE
MYLA ANN A. BERNALES
MARLON A. MARMOL
MARISOL D. ANDRADA

Reviewer: JEZRAHEL T. OMADTO

Consultant: HELEN Z. CORNELIO

Layout Artists: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES

RAYMOND T. TORALDE
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCY

Enumerate the lines of evidence that

support plate movement
S10ES-Ia-j36.6
 Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School
LESSON
THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT

Modern continents hold clues to the distant past. Geologic formations on

different continents show historic land connection. Have you had the chance to go to
a mountain, stand on its peak and look at the beauty that it offers? Do you think it looks
exactly the same as before? Perhaps you would think that it might be different - all
plain, no plateaus, no mountains. If it wasn’t the same 10 years ago, how much
different is it 10 million years ago, 100 million years ago?

YOUR TARGET

You learned in you Grade 8 the use of

model or illustrations, explain how
movements along faults generate
earthquakes and explain how earthquake
waves provide information about the interior
of the earth.

At the end of this module, you should

be able to:

Trace the geologic formation of continents.

Describe how the Pangaea evolved into
how the continents looks today.
Enumerate the evidences in the
Continental Drift Theory

Gclipart.com2016

In this module you will learn about the evidences that support the plate tectonic
movement. Are you ready to learn? Be ready to do the task. Goodluck!
 TRY THIS

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

1. It is a name of Mesozoic supercontinent that consisted by present continents?

A. Pangaea C. Laurasia
B. Eurasia D. Gondwanaland

2. What makes up Pangaea?

A. Oceans C. Ocean floor
B. Continents D. Fossils

3. Which of the following scientists suggested the Continental Drift Theory?

A. Isaac Newton C. Alexander Fleming
B. Robert Dietz D. Alfred Wegener

4. The theory that states that the continent were once a super continent and
drifted?
A. Big Bang Theory C. Seafloor Spreading Theory
B. Plate Tectonics D. Continental Drift Theory

5. Which of the following is not the evidence of continental drift?

A. Rocks C. mountain climatic zones
B. Ancient fossils D. magnetic rocks

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answer at the key section and see

how you did. If you got a low score, this means that
there are more things that you learn from this module.

Now, take time to process the information you

acquired by accomplishing the next task.

I know that you are eager to learn more. So, hop on!

https://in.pinrest.com/sw-shell.html
 DO IT!

ACTIVITY 1: LET ME RECALL!

Directions: Read the given statements in the bubble thought and list two things what
is in your mind.

Have you ever had experienced where you see you friends
after not seeing them for several years and you taking a back
how much they have grown?
You have an image on your mind on what they are look like
for the last year you saw them. They are much different.
right?

Write two reasons why don’t you notice that?

https://www.pngwing.com/en/free-png-hvluw EXPLORE

REASONS:

1.

2.
 In later life, some physical changes are considered to be normal. Just like the
continents, perhaps you would think that it might be different before.

ACTIVIY 2: WHAT I OBSERVE?

Directions: Look at the picture below, compare Picture A and Picture B.

Pinrest.com
Photo Credits: MYLA ANN A. BERNALES https://www.google.com/amps/s/www.pinterest.com/amp/pin/134193263
May 5, 2020 876335438/

PICTURE A PICTURE B

Answer:

ACTIVITY 3: PIECING IT ALL TOGETHER

Directions: Read the given information below. The description is your basis to
describe the period of each map. Write the description of every period.
 Source: Copyright 2005-2020 Geology.com
https://geology.com/pangaea.htm

`Madagascar The Central The break up All The North

drifted from Atlantic and of Pangaea. continents and Atlantic
away from Africa Indian ocean India are Ocean.
which continue are further separated from configured Africa is
to move North. opened. At the Antartica, into slightly North
Australia split end of the Laurasia split universal and India
from Africa period new rift from South land masses joined with
split South America and Pangaea. Asia
America and Africa Surrounded
Africa by one
global ocean
Guide Questions:
1. Do you agree that the continents came from a supercontinent? _
Why? ___
_
2. How do you describe the continents in every period?
_
_ _

KEEP THIS IN MIND

pubs.usgs.gov
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/text/historical.html
08.07.12

In 1912, Alfred Wegener (pronounced as vey-guh-nuhr), a German

meteorologist, proposed a theory that about 200 million years ago, the continents were
once one large landmass. He called this landmass Pangaea, a Greek word which
means “All Earth.” Figure 7 shows how Pangaea evolved into how the continents look
today. This Pangaea started to break into two smaller supercontinent called Laurasia
and Gondwanaland during the Jurassic Period. These smaller supercontinents broke
into the continents and these continents separated and drifted apart since then.

Wegener searched for evidences to support his claim. He noticed the fit of
the edges of the continents on the opposite sides of the South Atlantic. His
evidences to the Continental Drift Theory include the distribution of fossils in different
continents, rock features, and ancient climates.

Source: Department of Education, Garde 10- Learners Materials pp 53-55

 APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE
LEARNED

Directions: Given the period, illustrate and describe the geologic formation of
continents.

PERMIAN
PERIOD

TRIASSIC PERIOD

JURASSIC PERIOD

CRETACEOUS PERIOD

PRESENT

Good job in finishing the activity! You have

already known the Seafloor Spreading Theory is.

Now take time to process the information you

will acquire by reading and understanding the
learning activities on the

https://illustoon.com/?id=4194
 DO IT! WHAT I OBSERVE?

Directions: Look at the picture below, compare Picture A

and Picture B.

PICTURE A PICTURE B

Source: File: Philippine ethnic group groups per province Contributor: Ingo Menhard/ Alamy Stock Photo
PNG, Howard the Duck (talk-contribs) Image ID: R2GJDW
February 2, 2016 Date: November 5, 2016

Compare the two pictures

1. How do you compare Picture A from Picture B?

2. Is it possible that Picture B has the same pattern or figure in Picture A?

If your answer is YES, then what is the region that has the same pattern/
figure? _

Locating a place provides valuable information

about the unknown places which are traceable in
the maps. This provides a specific information on
the directions and specific locations.
Good job, your good in map tracing.
Try the next activity.
.
Gclipart.com2016
 EXPLORE

TRACE THE EVIDENCE

PART A: Given the map of evidence of fossils, trace the distribution of fossils Use a
crayon or any coloring materials. Write the name of the continents and
follow the color legend to trace the evidence.
- Fossils remains of the Triassic land reptile Cynognathus
- Fossils remains of the Triassic land reptile Lystrosaurus
- Fossils of the Glossopteris
- Fossils remains of the freshwater reptile Mesosaurus

Sant,Joseph (2019)Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift Theory

Retrieved from: https://www.scientus.org/Wegener-Continental-Drift.html on
Jun19,2020
CLUE:
1. The Cynognathus fossils are found in South America and Africa.

2. Lystrosaurus fossils are identified in the India, Antartica, and Africa.

3. The Mesosaurus remains in the part of South America and Africa.

4. Fossil of the fern Glossopteris found in all the southern continents.

To prove if you get right, trace shape by cutting the edge of the continents.

USGS WEgener’s Puzzling Evidence Exercise -Continental Drift lead o theory of plate tectonics July 2017
URL:on.doi.gov/1VcTWQ6
Guide Questions:

1. In which continents do the following fossils present:

Glossopteris? _ _
Mesosaurus? _ _ _
Lystrosaurus?
Cynognathus?
2. Are the fossils found in different places is a proof that continent was once
connected? _
3. How do fossils tell us where plants and animals once existed?
_
_
_

Fossils tell us when and where the plants and

animals once existed. Finding identical or
similar fossils in areas separated by vast
distances were some of the first clues that
scientists use to reconstruct
past plate movement

C. Trace the shape by cutting the edge of the continents in the picture. Then
paste on the provided box.
 The Geological Society
Retrieved from: hhtps://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-
Tectonics/Alfred-Wegener/Glacial-Deposits-from-Permo-Carboniferous-Glaciation
Guide Questions:

1. Can you easily fit the shapes of the continents?

_
2. How does the picture provide a piece of evidence that a continent was
once connected?
_
_

Be guided with the legend:

Continental shelf
Matching ancient rock assemblage

1. How do you describe the continental shelf and rocks in the three continents?

2. Are shelf and the rocks could be an evidence that a continent was drifted?
How? _
 Geology provides the primary information or
findings in areas separated by vast distances
were clues are bases to them to reconstruct
past plate movement.

https://in.pinrest.com/sw-shell.html

EVIDENCES OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT THOERY

Evidence: The Continental Jigsaw Puzzle

The most visible and fascinating evidence that these continents were once one in
their shapes. The edge of the continents surprisingly matches the edge of another.
South America and Africa fit together; India, Antarctica, and Australia match one
another; Eurasia and North America complete the whole continental puzzle in the
North.

Evidence from Fossils

Fossil are preserved
remains traces of organisms (plants
and animals) from the remote past.
Fossilized leaves of an extinct plant
Glossopteris were found in 250
million years old rocks. These
fossils were located in the
continents of South Africa,
Australia, India, and Antarctica,
which are now separated from each
other by wide oceans. The large Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/continents.html
Figure 8. Distribution of Fossils across Different Continents
seeds of this plant could not

possibly travel a long journey by the wind or survive a rough ride through ocean waves.

EVIDENCE: Evidence from Rocks

 Fossils are found in the rocks support in the Continental Drift Theory. The rocks
themselves also provide evidence that
continents drifted apart from each
other. Rock formations in Africa line up
with that in South America as if it was
long mountain range.
The folded cape mountains of
South America and Africa line up
perfectly as if they were once a long
mountain range.

Source: fossilmall.com
Figure 9. Glossopteris Fossil
Coal Deposits
Coal beds were formed from the
compaction and decomposition of swamp
plants that lived million years ago. These
were discovered in South America, Africa,
Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and
even in Antarctica.
The current location of Antarctica
could sustain substantial amount of life. If
there is substantial quantity of coal in it, it
only means that Antarctica must have been
positioned in a part of the Earth where it once supported large quantities of life.
This leads to the idea that Antarctica once experienced a tropical climate, thus,
it might have been closer before to the equator.

LET ME CHECK!
Directions: Given the table, Read the
given statements. Check YES if the
statement supports the Continental
Drift Theory, NO if it is not.

STATEMENTS YES NO
1. Fossil are preserved remains traces of organisms (plants
and animals) from the remote past.
2. The edge of the continents surprisingly mismatches the
edge of another.
 3. Rock formations in Africa line up with that in South
America as if it was long mountain range.
4. Pangea started to break into smaller supercontinent.
5. Super continents broke into the continents and these
continents separated and drifted apart.
6. Glossopteris were found in 400 million years old rocks.
7. Coal beds were formed from the compaction and
decomposition of swamp plants that lived million years
ago.
8. The Glossopteris fossils were located in the continents of
South Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica, which are
now separated from each other by wide oceans.
9. Fossils are found in the rocks.
10. The continent was once a supercontinent.

Directions: Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Encircle the letter
of the correct answer.

1. What does the Continental Drift Theory state?

A. Continents are stationary
B. The continents were once joined as super continent and moved over time.
 C. Continents moves in the same direction and the size of the continents does
not change.
D. The continent becomes a supercontinent.

2. What are the two specific continents that fit together most noticeably?
A. Antarctica and South America
B. Africa and South America
C. Europe and Africa
D. South America and Europe
3. Which of the following could form a fossil?
A. Bone B. Shell C. Seeds D. All of the above
4. Most fossils form when organisms that die become buried in sediments.
A. True B. False
5. By determining the age of fossils, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on
Earth
A. True B. False
6. The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called
A. The Geologic Time Scale
B. The Origin of Species
C. The Fossil Record
D. A really neat fossil collection
7. How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
A. Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over
millions of years
B. Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
C. Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the
past
D. Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment
has changed over time
8. What are the two small continents after the Pangaea break?
A. Laurasia and Gondwanaland
B. Laurasia and Africa
C. Gondwanaland and south America
D. India and Antarctica
9. What does fossils tell us?
A. When and where the plants once existed
B. Determine how long can a fossil decomposed
C. how long can fossil have existed
D. none of the given.
10. Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?
A. Alfred Wegener
B. Albert Einstein
C. Harry Hess
D. Robert Dietz

To strengthen what you have learned in this module,:

Visit this website https://brainpop,.com/science.earthsystem/platetectonics

a theory that the Earth’s continents have moved over

geologic time relative to each other

a great division of land on the globe.

preserved from the past geologic age

to convert into fossil

a genus of fossilized woody plants known from the rock

herbivore genus of late Permian and early Triassic period

genus reptile from the earlt Permian and southern Africa

was a supercontinent that existed during the late

Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras

PRE-TEST
1. A
2. B
 3. D
4. D
5. D

DO IT
1-2 Answers may vary

What I Observe
Answer may Vary

Piecing it all together

1. Answer may vary
YES, because the pictures show that th continent move.
2. There are pictures shows that continents are closed to other continents while
other pictures shows that other continents has certain distance to other
continents

All continents are configured into universal land

masses Pangaea. Surrounded by one global
ocean

The break up pf Pangaea. India separated from

Antartica, Laurasia split from South America and
Africa

The Central Atlantic and Indian ocean are further

opened. At the end of the period new rift split
South America and Africa

Madagascar drifted from away from Africa which

continue to move North. Australia split from
Africa

The North and Atlantic Ocean. Africa is slightly

North and India joined with Asia
 What I observe
1. Both pictures are example of map
2. Answer may vary (YES, Region V, Bicol)

1. In which continents do the following fossils present:

Glossopteris? SOUTH AMERICA, AFRICA, ANTARCTICA, INDIA, and
AUSTRALIA
Mesosaurus? AFRICA and SOUTH AMERICA
Lystrosaurus? ANFRICA, INDIA and ANTARCTICA
Cynognathus? SOUTH AMERICA and AFRICA
 2. Answer may vary (YES)
3. How do fossils tell us where plants and animals once existed?
Because of the fossils that are located at the different continents.

1. Answer may vary

2. By identifying the edge and flow direction of ice sheet

STATEMENTS YES NO
1. Fossil are preserved remains traces of organisms (plants
/
and animals) from the remote past.
2. The edge of the continents surprisingly mismatches the
/
edge of another.
3. Rock formations in Africa line up with that in South
/
America as if it was long mountain range.
4. Pangea started to break into smaller supercontinent. /
5. Super continents broke into the continents and these
/
continents separated and drifted apart.
6. Glossopteris were found in 400 million years old rocks. /
7. Coal beds were formed from the compaction and
decomposition of swamp plants that lived million years /
ago.
8. The Glossopteris fossils were located in the continents of
South Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica, which are /
now separated from each other by wide oceans.
9. Fossils are found in the rocks. /
10. The continent was once a supercontinent. /

Assess What Have You Learned

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. A

• Source: Copyright 2005-2020 Geology.com

https://geology.com/pangaea.htm

• pubs.usgs.gov

https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/text/historical.html

08.07.12

• Source: File: Philippine ethnic group groups per province PNG, Howard the

Duck (talk-contribs)

February 2, 2016

• Contributor: Ingo Menhard/ Alamy Stock Photo, Image ID: R2GJDW, November

5, 2016

• Sant,Joseph (2019)Alfred Wegener’s Continental Drift Theory

Retrieved from: https://www.scientus.org/Wegener-Continental-Drift.html on

Jun19,2020

• USGS WEgener’s Puzzling Evidence Exercise -Continental Drift lead o theory

of plate tectonics July 2017

URL:on.doi.gov/1VcTWQ6

• The Geological Society

 Retrieved from: hhtps://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-

Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers- of-Plate-Tectonics/Alfred-

Wegener/Glacial-Deposits-from-Permo- Carboniferous-Glaciation

• Philippine ethnic group groups per province PNG, Howard the Duck

(talk- contribs) February 2, 2016

• Ingo Menhard/ Alamy Stock Photo, Image ID: R2GJDW, November 5, 2016

• https:.omtariogescience.net/lessonplans/jigsawpuzzle.html

• https://www.calcademay.org/explore-science/evodence-of-plate-tectonics

• https://images.app.goo.gl/y6VmJFgzhfvpckSw7

• https://www.google.com/search?q=pictures+and+names+of+extinct+anim

als&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5886I47zpAhX
O3mEK

HSc-DDsQ_AUoAXoECBUQAw&biw=1242&bih=597

• http://www.geologyin.com/2018/02/facts-about-pangaea-most-recent.html