C G

xj
CSS S
species
living
of the same that are the same time
organisms
· is a of in area a t the same
Abiotic the
group
components of
non-living
:
environment that are

breed
though ability
to
of the species separated
geographically temporally unlikely
same
organisms or are to

Atemperaturelight leve/mostureleve
a

occ
,

do so remains

plants ,
animals , bacteria
,
fungi , protists the separated organisms are
regarded as
being members of different populations

Ete trebosabokfaonagive area a n ocean

populations can become Isolated

Ecosystem are self-contained a

self-sustaining
units
groups of species that are separated for
long periods of time
might evolve
differently because
they occupy different

tway intheeosystem organomve inparticularpartareohabitat ya spects

·

environments
between
of relationships
living between & their envirometa
organisms organisms
a

,
more specialized part of habitat)
after leads to the formation of
long periods of time ,
It's possible they may not be able to
reproduce

new species

Population Ecosystem
non-living by
·
examples :
separated Canyons , migration to different Island) ,
separation
by flooding /volcanic eruptions
...

So C S
·agroupoforganisms of thesamese
it's
community
a · a &d abiotic environment

is that can interbreed to fertile

group of
organisms produce
offspring
a

· ipopulationsbehvernterbeereymdevpdference charactersa
itspeare not yetoftenimpobeformanderentspeetobre
a
offspring

community

agroupof population living

cannot have

a
e mules
.
g
.

a re
children 33)S

Member species have :

the similar but different
of
offspring of 2
a
species

physical
mostoftheseoffspringareinfertile
Similar characteristics and
,
meaning
a
generation of hybrids is not a
poli a

Hab itat
I nterbreed
to a fertile
ability produce off spring
· the environment in which a species
different gene pool) than other
organisms Examples
:

normally
lives (the location of a
living
tree
phylogeny (family
a common Female Horse +
Male
=
Mule
organism) donkey
species Female Horse + Male Zebra
=
Zorse

ta
a b

agroupoforganisms
some membersofseparatespecanterbreeda
·
Female
tiger lion
Liger
+ Male =

fertile
offspring because related
they
rate
offspring
are
closely
have
they diff numbers of chromosomes
offspring is
usually infertile

· otcommsteomarevent
,

2CS
fundamental Impact supports
.
community
on the It

from the agnati community in the

adjacenter a few plants &
algae use a combination of different modes of nutrition & are hence known as mixotrophy
some members of the same speces don't Interbree because
they are
separated by long disaster

some
organisms reproduce
asexually
(like bacterial so don't use
"Interbreeding" definition

geosyntrautotunigh anycan
some individuals infertile
C j a re

interacting feeding another

providing
vital substances for &
getting protection
:
on another
autora
,

living
agroubofpopulationsthatare
interacting together sam
a re at
in

interbreeding produce fertile

· :
same to
species
mating offspring

· breeding
cross different mate to produce but infertile
When species
offspring they
:
are

Venus
flytrap (Dionaea muscipula

Subtropical
·
is found in Wetland
!

Photosynthesise (autotroph
·

·
also traps -
digests
both insects & Spicers (heterotroph) ,
to compensate for the nutrient poor soil of the wetlands

U 365S 230S

all acids)
organisms require organic (e a reproduction) Detritivores
molecules Amino to out the functions of life Je g metabolism
growth
g carry
. .
. .
, ,

by internal digetina
heterotrophicogamthatbreakdowndeadorganiwaterto
·
obtan nutrients

Autotrophs Heterotrophy

auzysee
their own
synthesise organic
·
Obtain their molecules from
organic

molecules & are therefore known other fecal

organism
matter

·
Examples :

as producers

Saprotrophs

nutrients external

heterotrophicorganiombthatobtain
by digeti s

U36S 230S theysecretedgenmontthelvingonovingorganimate abou thebrouageotoes enzymes are

self-feeding , make their own nutrients of Carbon compounds from

Morganic substance ·

ingest other
organisms
Obtain their
organic molecules are known as consumers Secreted

avantoyceasoprenocortescey
important
nutrients
to
ecosystems as
they recycle
different food
feeding
·
consumers use sources - mechanism
range
a of
·
they
release elements like C,N , P, O , Hyg

thecombinationoffoudsource Feedingmechanismcanbeed
to
classify consumers ·
a

potofacitatethe
breakdown of material 'decompos
organic ,
they a re refered to as

starc

lipics

Amino acids Herbivores :

feed on producers
SSC S

although
most autotrophs fix Carbon droxide
by photosynthesis a few a re
chemoautotrophs & fix carbon by Ce deer zebra )
y Species
may
be associated
In diff ways
.
:
. ...
,

utilingtheenergyinbondof organ componetyrogensuretous d long omnivores :

feed on a combination of both producers a consumera

oxygen)
positiveacationNegativecata Spectation requently
a re obtained from the a

Le Chimpanzee mouse
y
. . ·

environment (soil ,
air or water tely in
differing apart

habitat
Carnivores :
feed on other consumers hab ↓ tats as
together
can
synthesize from
usually through
·

organic molecules
Morganic molecules , process of photosynthesis
predator herbivore
e
prey Competitive exclusion
, require diff
-
.
.:
g , e .

g
.:

glonnavadybirds
because
als o called producers they make food used
by other
organism
,
& plant ,
symbiosis nutrients

·
examples some bacteria
plants algue
:

that feed animal

ores
mostly dead -
decaying
, ,
on

quadratsambing usedtostudy estimatepopulationssee a

·

most plants falgue use

photosynthesis to make carbon compounds
.. )
Leg hyenas .
,
vultures

notingfor pationbetweenspeeof
?SUS
for association between 2 species Chi-squared
testing using
test
ways including,

estimation population
of
densing love
n
organic compounds (proteins, lipas , Carbohydrates, Vitamin . . . ) by eating getis
measuring the distribution of species
other
organisms

· no
some of these
organisms may
be &
producers their products (fruits &
vegtables) & some of these
may be .

meat
other heterotrophs or their product) (egys drary , ,

<C >525

atstatalyaytwngatapatonbu
two species

· of
most

increase

sampling
suitable

the

the
no
for

population
plants

of random
ad small

sampling
,
slow
moving
- a re a
animals

of quadrat for increased

reliability & accuracy

population =
size meanspeceno uadrat xtota
we are