Mole Concept

and
Stoichiometry
 Vapour Density
Vapour density = Wt. of a certain volume of a gas
of a gas Wt. of an equal volume of H2
OR
Vapour density = Wt. of 1 litre of gas
of a gas Wt. of 1 litre of hydrogen
 Relative molecular mass [RMM]
( Molecular Weight)
It is the number of times one molecule of a substance is
heavier than 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon ( C12).
RMM = 2 x Vapour Density
 Numericals
2012

The vapour density of carbon dioxide ( C= 12, O= 16) is ________ .

Molecular weight of CO2 = 12 + 2x16

= 12 + 32
= 44
RMM = 2 x V.D
V.D = RMM = 44 = 22
2 2
2009
Mass of gas ‘X’ = 10 gms
Mass of hydrogen = 2 gms
Vapour Density = 10 = 5
2
RMM = 2 x V.D
=2x5
= 10
2004

Mass of 1 litre of oxygen = 1.32 g

Mass of 1 litre of hydrogen = 0.0825 g
Vapour Density = Mass of 1 litre of oxygen
Mass of 1 litre of hydrogen
= 1.32 = 16
0.0825
RMM = 2 x V.D
= 2 x 16
= 32g
Empirical formula
It is the formula of a compound which shows
the simplest whole number ratio between the
atoms of the elements in the compound.
Example:
Glucose C6H12O6 1:2:1 CH2O
Molecular formula
It is the chemical formula which represents the
actual number of atoms of each element
present in the molecule of a compound.
Example:
Glucose C6H12O6
Molecular formula Empirical formula

Glucose C6H12O6 CH2O

Butane C4H10 C 2H 5

Benzene C6H6 CH
Steps to find Empirical formula.

1. Make EPAAS Table .

2. Find atomic ratio , simplest ratio .
Q1) Determine the empirical formula
whose composition by mass is : 42 %
nitrogen , 48 % oxygen and 9%
hydrogen .
[ N = 14 , O = 16 , H = 1 ]
Element % Atomic Atomic Simplest
compo. Weight Ratio Ratio
Nitrogen 42 14 42 = 3 3 = 1
14 3
Oxygen 48 16 48 = 3 3 = 1
16 3
Hydrogen 9 1 9 = 9 9 = 3
1 3

Empirical Formula = NOH3

Q2) The percentage composition of
sodium phosphate is 42.1% sodium ,
18.9% phosphorus and 39% oxygen . Find
empirical formula of the compound.
[ Na = 23, P = 31 , O = 16 ]
Element % Atomic Atomic Simplest
compo. Weight Ratio Ratio
Sodium 42.1 23 42.1=1.83 1.83 =3
23 0.60
Phosphorus 18.9 31 18.9 =0.60 0.60 = 1
31 0.60
Oxygen 39 16 39 = 2.43 2.43 = 4
16 0.60

Empirical formula = Na3PO4

Steps to find Molecular formula
1) Make EPAAS Table .
2) Find empirical formula
3) Calculate empirical formula weight
4) Find n.

n= RMM or 2 x V.D
Empirical formula weight

5) Molecular formula = Empirical formula x n

Q3) A compound contains carbon 14.4 % ,
hydrogen 1.2% and chlorine 84.5% .
Determine empirical formula . The RMM is
168 , find molecular formula .
Element % Atomic Atomic Simplest
compo. Weight Ratio Ratio
Carbon 14.4 12 14.4 =1.2 1.2 = 1
12 1.2
Hydrogen 1.2 1 1.2 = 1.2 1.2 = 1
1 1.2
Chlorine 84.5 35.5 84.5= 2.38 2.38 = 2
35.5 1.2

Empirical Formula = CHCl2

Empirical formula = CHCl2
Empirical formula Weight = 12 + 1 + 2 x 35.5
= 12 + 1 + 71
= 84
n = RMM = 168 = 2
EFW 84
Molecular Formula = Empirical Formula x n
= CHCl2 x 2
= C2H2Cl4
2014

Empirical Formula = X2Y [ X = 10 , Y = 5 ]

Empirical formula weight = 2x10 + 5
= 25
n = 2 x V.D
Empirical formula weight
n = 2 x 25 = 2
25
Molecular Formula = Empirical formula x n
= X 2Y x 2
= X 4Y2
2015

Empirical formula = CH
Vapour Density = 13
Molecular formula = ?
n = 2 x V.D
Empirical formula weight
n = 2 x 13 = 2 x 13 = 2
12 + 1 13
Molecular formula = Empirical formula x n
= CH x 2
= C2 H 2
2016

% of carbon = 82.76
So , % of hydrogen = 100 - 82.76
= 17.24
ELEMENT % COMPOSITION ATOMIC WEIGHT ATOMIC RATIO SIMPLEST RATIO

82.76 = 6.89 6.89 = 1 X 2 = 2

C 82.76 12
12 6.89

17.24 = 17.24 17.24 = 2.5 X 2 =5

H 17.24 1
1 6.89

Empirical Formula = C2H5

2017

Empirical formula = XY2

V.D = Empirical formula weight ( given )
n= 2 x V.D
Empirical formula weight
n= 2
Molecular formula = Empirical formula x n
= XY2 x 2
= X 2Y4
ELEMENT % COMPOSITION ATOMIC ATOMIC RATIO SIMPLEST
WEIGHT RATIO

C 75.92 12 75.92 =6.32 6.32 = 5

12 1.26

H 6.32 1 6.32 = 6.23 6.32 = 5

1 1.26

N 17.76 14 17.76 =1.26 1.26 = 1

14 1.26
Empirical formula is: C5H5N.

Empirical formula weight= 60+ 5+ 14 = 79

n= molecular weight = 2 X 39.5 = 79 = 1

empirical formula weight 79 79

Molecular formula = C5H5N

NUMERICALS BASED ON PERCENTAGE
COMPOSITION
Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in aluminium nitride. [Al = 27, N= 14]

Molecular weight of AlN = 27 + 14

= 41

Percentage of nitrogen = 14 X 100

41

= 34.14%
Calculate the percentage of sodium in sodium
aluminium fluoride (Na3AlF6) correct to the nearest
whole number. [F =19, Na= 23, Al = 27]
Molecular weight of Na3AlF6 = 69 + 27 + 114

= 210

Percentage of sodium = 69 X 100

210

= 32.85 %

= 33%
Find the total percentage of magnesium in
magnesium nitrate crystals, Mg(NO3)2.6H2O
[Mg= 24, N = 14, O = 16, H = 1]

Molecular weight of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O = 148 + 6 x 18

= 256g

Percentage of magnesium = 24 X 100

256

= 9.37%
Calculate the percentage of water of crystallization in
CuSO4.5H2O [H = 1, O = 16, S = 32, Cu=64]

Molecular weight of CuSO4.5H2O = 160 + 90

= 250g

Percentage of water of crystallization = 90 X 100

250

= 36%
THANK YOU
STAY SAFE
Numericals based on chemical equations .

TYPES :
1. Mass - mass
2. Mass - volume
STEPS :

1. Write balanced chemical equations .

2. Identify the known and unknown substance.
3. Find Molecular weight (RMM) or Atomic weight of known
and unknown .
4. Compare and Calculate .

NOTE : If unknown substance is a gas at stp then its molar

volume is 22.4 litres.
2016

82g ? ?
2Ca(NO3)2 2CaO + 4NO2(stp) + O2
Molecular weight of Ca(NO3)2 = 40 + 2 x 14 + 6 x 16
= 40 + 28 + 96
= 164
Molecular Weight of CaO = 40 + 16 = 56
2Ca(NO3)2 2CaO
2 x 164g 2 x 56g
82 g ?
x = 82 x 2 x 56
2 x 164
= 28g

2Ca(NO3)2 4NO2 (stp)

2 x 164g 4 x 22.4 litres
82g ?
x = 82 x 4 x 22.4
2 x 164
= 22.4 litres
2012

9.3g ? ?
P + 5HNO3 H3PO4 + H2O + 5NO2
Number of moles of phosphorus = Given weight
Atomic weight
= 9.3 = 0.3moles
31
Molecular weight of H3PO4 = 3 + 31 + 4x16
= 3 + 31 + 64
= 98
 P H3PO4
31g 98g
9.3g ?
x = 9.3 x 98
31
= 29.4g
P 5NO2(stp)
31g 5 x 22.4litres
9.3g ?
x = 9.3 x 5 x 22.4
31
= 33.6 litres