Fluid Flow-1

Subject Code: ChE-108

Dr. Asif Jamil

Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite

Materials Engineering
 Brief Course Description
 Fluid statics; Nature of fluids, Hydrostatic
equilibrium, Barometric equiations, Concept of
Pressure and Pressure gradient;
 Basic physical Laws in Fluid Mechanics;
Conservation of Mass, Linear Momentum, Angular
Momentum and Energy; The Bernouli’s Equation and
its application.
 Viscous Flow in internal flows. Concept of Laminar
and turbulent flow. Concept of friction and pressure
drop in flowing fluids, friction factor in laminar and
turbulent flows in pipes, concept of equivalent
diameter, pipe sizing problems.
 Flow measuring devices such as, variable area
meters, notches and weirs. Concept of Boundary
layer and its importance in fluid mechanics

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 Course Learning Objectives (CLOs)

This course is intended to;

 Explain the concepts of fluid mechanics in

simple geometries.

 Apply the laws of conservation of mass,

energy, and linear momentum on steady
state fluid flow problems in simple
geometries.

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Assessment Plan

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Reference book:
1. McCabe Warren L., Smith Julian C., Harriott peter “Unit
Operations of Chemical Engineering” 5th Ed. 2005.
McGraw Hill Inc. 5.
2. Coulson J.M., Richardson J.F. “Chemical Engineering” Vol-I,
1999. Butterworth, Elsevier.

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 Introduction
 Mechanics is the science that deals with both
stationary and moving bodies under the
influence of force.

 The branch of mechanics that considers bodies

at rest is called statics, whilst the branch that
deals with bodies in motion is called dynamics.

Fluid Mechanics deals with the behavior of fluids

at rest (fluid statics) or in motion (fluid
dynamics) and the interaction of fluids with
solids or the other fluids at the boundaries.

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 Nature of Fluids
 Fluids do not permanently resist distortion.
 Attempt to change the shape of mass of
fluids results in layers of fluid layers sliding
over one another until a new shape is
attained.
 During shape change, shear stresses exists
and the magnitude depends on fluid
viscosity.
 A fluid in equilibrium is free from shear
stresses.
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Nature Of Fluids
Shear Stress

 When an external force acts on an object, It

undergoes deformation.
 If the direction of the force is parallel to the
plane of the object., the deformation will be
along that plane.
 The stress experienced by the object here is
shear stress or tangential stress.

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 Shear stress is a vector quantity.
Which means, here the direction is also involved along
with magnitude.

The SI unit of shear stress is N/m2 or Pa

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 Nature of Fluids
 Fluids contain definite density at a particular
temperature and pressure.
 Incompressible fluids: the density changes
slightly with moderate change in temperature
and pressure.
 Compressible fluids: the density change is
significant with temp & pressure.
 Liquids are generally considered as
incompressible and gases compressible.

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Classification of fluids

Compressible
Fluid
Fluid
In-compressible
Fluid

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Compressible Fluid
 If the volume of an element of fluid is
changed with pressure & temperature.

Volume of fluid = f (T, P)

 The density of the fluid changed with

temperature and pressure.
 Generally, gases are considered as
compressible fluid.

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In-Compressible Fluid
 Volume of an element of fluid is independent
of its pressure & temperature.
 These fluids have constant density.

P2 > P1 P2 > P1
P1 P2 P1 P2

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