Republic of the Philippines I.

OBJECTIVES
Department of Education A. Content Standards:
Region III The learner acquires knowledge of appropriate reading
Schools Division Office of Bulacan strategies for a better understanding of academic texts.
Carlos F. Gonzales High School

B. Performance Standards:
The learner produces a detailed abstract of information
English for Academic and Professional gathered from the various academic texts read.

Purposes
C. MELCs:
Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information
Using Knowledge of Text he/she needs

Structure to Glean Information D. Specific Objectives:

1. identify the structure of academic text;

ACTIVITY SHEET 2 2. differentiate the structures of academic text; and

3. create an academic text that can be applied to a text
structure

NAME: II. CONTENT

GRADE AND SECTION:  Lesson 2 – Using Knowledge of Text

Structure to Glean Information
DATE OF SUBMISSION:

General Directions: Carefully read each part of this booklet and

supply what is asked. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper. Page 2

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III. PROCEDURES: a. due to
A. Preliminary Activities b. because
1. Pre-Test c. meanwhile
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following statements and choose the best _______ 8. It is the basic pattern of a story.
a. middle - beginning - end
answer. Write your answers in your answer sheet.
b. beginning – middle - end
_______ 1. It refers to how information is organized in a passage. c. end – middle - beginning
a. descriptive structure _______ 9. It is organized based on the occurrence of an event.
b. academic structure a. spatial/description
c. text structure b. chronological order
_______ 2. It is a text structure that explains reasons why something c. cause and effect
happened. _______ 10. This word means order.
a. problem-solution a. chrono
b. cause and effect b. logic
c. spatial/description c. chronology
_______ 3. This type of text examines the similarities and differences _______ 11. The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT:
between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. a. similarly
a. problem-solution b. but
b. cause and effect c. unlike
c. comparison and contrast _______ 12. The following are signal words for chronological order
_______ 4. This word means time. EXCEPT:
a. chrono a. first, second, third…
b. logic b. begin, next, last…
c. chronological c. like, unlike, both…
_______ 5. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains _______ 13. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT:
solutions and then discusses the effects of the solution. a. both
a. problem-solution b. but
b. cause and effect c. similarly
c. comparison and contrast _______ 14. This text structure presents the causal relationship
_______ 6. This type of text structure features a detailed description of between a specific event.
something to give a reader a mental picture. a. cause and effect
a. problem-solution b. spatial description
b. cause and effect c. comparison and contrast. _
c. spatial/description ______ 15. What kind of description should be used in describing
_______ 7. The following words can be used as signal words in cause and specific events, persons or places in spatial/description text
effect text structure EXCEPT: structure?
Page 3 a. vague
b. vivid
c. non realistic
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2. Reviewing Previous Lesson: ANALYSIS:
Directions: Identify the following terms based on your previous lesson. Processing questions:
Choose your answer from the box below. Write the letter of your answer A. What is text structure?
in the answer sheet. _____________________________________________
A. style _____________________________________________
B. purpose _____________________________________________
C. caution
D. objectivity B. What are the common types of text structure?
E. formal _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___1. It is the language that should be used in writing academic text. _____________________________________________
___2. It serves as the writer’s goal in writing a text.
___3. It is a feature of language that requires you to be careful on your
3. ABSTRACTION (Discussion of the Topic)
writing.
Text Structure
___4. It is a feature of language which prohibits you to include personal
Every student should understand that a text should
emotions in the text.
present its details and main ideas. Text structure helps them
___5. It deals with the way the writer organize a text.
to organize a written text, giving its cause and effect, or its
different views. Text structure refers to organization of
3. Presenting the new lesson information in a passage.
ACTIVITY
1. Motivation Common Types of Text Structure:
Do We Match? Spatial or Description gives a reader a detailed feature that
Directions: Match the definition in column A to the term in Column B. creates a picture on his/her mind about a topic.
Write the letter of your answer in the answer sheet. Spatial organization is when information in a passage is
Column A Column B organized in order of space or location. Spatial organization can also
___1. It is the meaning of the word “logic”. A. description be called as descriptive writing. If you are about to describe how
___2. It refers to the signal word for cause B. text structure something looks, you are describing it spatially. It can also be used
and effect. C. beginning-middle- in fiction and non-fiction. Even if narration style of writing is usually
___3. It creates a picture in the mind of end arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a setting of a
the readers. D. order certain scene, the author is describing it spatially.
___4. It is the organization of text in a passage. E. due to Example: Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction.
___5. It is the basic structure of a story. Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the inner earth,
they are very beautiful sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes that
Page 5 cannot be seen all the time is its magma chamber. It is beneath the
earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one that runs from
the magma chamber to the crater, which can be seen at the top of
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 3. Discussion of the Topic: (ABSTRACTION)
the volcano. The crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very scenic yet very
dangerous. Identifying a text written using the cause and effect pattern of
organization can be tricky. Though stories are arranged
Cause and Effect presents the relationship between specific chronologically, Cause and Effect pattern is only organized by the time
events, ideas, or concepts. an event happened that has causal relationship. Contrarily, cause and
Cause and effect is one way of organizing information in a text. It effect passages usually focus on explaining the reason why something
explains reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as cause occurs or occurred.
to effect or vice versa. It is generally used in expository and persuasive These are the signal words that may indicate that information in a
writing modes. It can be cause to effect wherein it explains why paragraph is organized as cause and effect: because, as a result,
something happened and the effect of it. It can be also effect to cause resulted, caused, affected, since, due to, effect.
wherein it explains the result of things that happened and its reasons.
This structure is commonly used, most of the time writers do not notice
Comparison and Contrast gives the similarities and differences
that they use this kind of text structure.
between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, and the like.
Example: Many people think that they can acquire illness by going
into cold weather improperly dressed. However, illnesses are not
Comparison and Contrast is a text structure or pattern of
caused by temperature. They are caused by germs. So, trembling
organization that discusses similarities and differences. You should
outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system, but
bear in mind that this kind of structure should discuss both comparing
you are more likely to acquire illness outdoors because you will greatly
(similarities) and contrasting (differences). If you will only discuss
be exposed to germs. In the previous example, the paragraph explains
comparing and not contrasting, it cannot be called as comparing and
how germs cause illnesses. The germs are the cause in the paragraph
contrasting but comparing alone and vice versa.
and the illness is the effect.
This pattern is generally easy to recognize. Writer who is comparing
and contrasting will bounce back and forth between two subjects. Here
Here is another example of a paragraph that is written using the
are some signal words that may indicate that the text is written using
cause and effect text structure:
the compare and contrast organizational pattern: like, unlike, both,
Another Example:
neither, similar, and different
Students are prohibited to chew gum in my class. While other
Example: Mangoes and durians are both fruits. They both have
students think that I am just being mean, I have a lot of good reasons
seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but durian skins are thick and
for this rule. First, there are some irresponsible students who can make
difficult to peel. Mango skins are thinner and peel easily. Durians have
messes with their gums. Students may leave them on the bottoms of
distinct stench while mangoes have sweet smell, but both fruits are
desks, drop them on the floor, or put them on other people’s property.
delicious.
Another reason why I don’t allow students to chew gum is because it
can be a source of distraction while listening, reading, writing and
learning. When they are allowed to chew gum, students are more
worried about having it, popping it, chewing it, and snapping it. This is Page 8
why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my class.
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3. Discussion of the Topic: (ABSTRACTION)
Example: Bullying has been prevalent these days. These
encounters make it hard for children to develop confidence and high
Chronological Order
self-esteem. Fortunately, bullying has been noticed and is being
Chronological order explains a text by the time an event occurs.
addressed by many sectors of the community. However, these efforts
Chrono means time and logic means order. The events occur along a
are not enough. The most effective way to stop bullying is by nurturing
timeline even if the author uses flashbacks, or flash forwards. All
and inculcating good manners and right conduct within families.
stories are organized chronologically, therefore, every story has a
beginning, middle, and end. Non-fiction stories organized
chronologically usually contain dates while fiction passages or
narratives usually have no dates. A narrative or story is a journey C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES (Formative)
through time, and all of the events are arranged in order of time. 1. ACTIVITY A: (Written Works / task)
Stories require the passage of time. Sometimes, time will stop in a Directions: Read the following statements. Write T if the statement is
narrative. Certain passages in a story may focus on describing scenery True and F if it is False. Write your answer in the answer sheet.
or spaces, and use a descriptive or spatial method of organization. The ___1. Text structure is how information within a written text is
conflict of a story may be discussed in terms of problem and solution or organized.
cause and effect, but the text in a story is still mainly organized ___2. Comparing is all about differences.
chronologically. ___3. Contrasting is all about similarities.
Example: This morning was pretty crazy. I woke up really late ___4. Spatial is also called description.
because of wrong setting of my alarm. It was set PM instead of AM. I ___5.Cause and effect explains reasons why something happened or
just wore any clothes and ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I the effects of something.
could with the thought that I was going to be late for sure, but when I ___6. Chronological comes from the words “chrono” and “logic”
got there everyone was outside and there were fire trucks all lined up in ___7. Comparison and contrast is only about giving similarities.
front of school. I guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before class ___8. Chronological order is the arrangement of events beginning with
started. It worked out though, because nobody really noticed or minded a flashback.
that I was tardy. ___9. Description creates a picture in the mind of the readers.
___10. Chronological order can only be used in fiction.
Problem-Solution mentions a problem or problems, identifies some
possible solutions and discusses the effect of the solution.
Problem – Solution is a pattern of organization that explains a
problem or issue and an attempted solution in the issue. This type of
text is usually interchanged with cause and effect type of structure but
the only thing that they should remember is that cause and effect text
structure do not offer a solution. This mentions a problem and then
offers a solution plus the possible effect of a solution.
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2. ACTIVITY B : (Written Work / Task) 2. Chronological Order
Directions: Fill in the matrix with the needed information. Do it in
your answer sheet.
4.
Text Structure Definition Signal Words
1. 3.
2.
3.
2.
4.
5.
1.
Scoring Rubrics:
Title
5 points – correct spelling of text 3 points – incorrect spelling of
structure type of text structure
5 points – complete definition 3 points – incomplete definition
5 points – at least 5 signal words 3 points – 1-4 signal words
if there is any. C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES:
3. ACTIVITY C
Directions: Think of any topic that you want and fill out the given Directions: Among the types of text structure that you have learned,
graphic organizers with the correct information based on the kind of choose one structure and write an academic text about modular
text structure. Do it in your answer sheet. learning that you are experiencing today. Write your answer in the
1. Comparison and Contrast answer sheet.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Topic ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Similarities Differences ____________________________________________________________________
1. ____________________________________________________________________
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. 2.
3. 3.
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(RUBRICS) E. REFLECTION:
Clarity 5 points – the 3 points – the 1 point – the type Write a five-sentence academic text about the COVID-19. You may use any
type of text type of text of text structure text structure to discuss your thoughts about the topic. Do it in your
structure is clear structure is is difficult to answer sheet.
and can be easily somewhat vague understand.
___________________________________________________________________________
understood and somewhat
___________________________________________________________________________
hard to
___________________________________________________________________________
understand.
___________________________________________________________________________
Organization 5 points – the text 3 points – the text 1 point – all the
________________________________________
is well organized is not organized parts of the text
and the parts of that the parts are are not organized V. ASSESSMENT (Post Test)
the text can be not in the correct well.
distinguished. order Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in the
Mechanics 5 points – there 3 points – have at 1point – more answer sheet.
are no grammar least 2-3 grammar than 4 incorrect
mistakes, no mistakes, spelling and _______ 1. This type of text structure features a detailed description of someone or
incorrect spelling incorrect spelling, punctuations. something to give the reader a mental picture.
of words, and all and punctuations. a. cause and effect
punctuations are b. spatial/description
correct. c. problem – solution
_______ 2. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT:
a. both
b. but
c. similarly
_______ 3. The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT:
a. similarly
b. but
c. unlike
_______ 4. The following are signal words for chronological order EXCEPT:
a. first, second, third…
b. begin, next, last…
c. like, unlike, both…
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_______ 5. This structure presents the causal relationship between a Enrichment Activities
specific event, idea, or concept.
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. problem – Directions: Search for two sample paragraphs for the text structure
solution of your choice. Identify the main idea and underline signal words that
_______ 6. This type of text examines the similarities and differences you have found in each paragraph. Write your answers in the answer
between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. sheet.
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. comparison and Paragraph 1: ______________________________
contrast
_______ 7. This type of text structure is highly dependent on time of ______________________________________________________________
occurrence. ______________________________________________________________
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. chronological
______________________________________________________________
order
______________________________________________________________
_______ 8. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, explains
solutions and then discussed the effects of the solution. ______________________________________________________________
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. problem – solution ______________________________________________________________
_______ 9. It is organized by the time an event occurred. ______________________________________________________________
A. chronological order B. spatial/description C. problem – solution
_______ 10. It is how information is organized in a passage. Paragraph 2: ______________________________
A. descriptive structure B. academic structure C. text structure
_______ 11. What kind of description should be used in describing ____________________________________________________________________
specific events, persons or places in spatial/description text structure? ____________________________________________________________________
A. vague B. vivid C. non realistic ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 12. This word means “order”. ____________________________________________________________________
A. chrono B. logic C. chronology ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 13 This word means “time”. ____________________________________________________________________
A. chrono B. logic C. chronology ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 14. The following words can be used as signal word in cause and
effect text structure EXCEPT:
REFERENCES:
A. due to B. because C. meanwhile
“Cause and Effect Text Structure.” E Reading Worksheet, Accessed
_______ 15. It is the basic pattern of a story.
July 28, 2020. https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
A. end-middle-beginning B. beginning-middle-end C. middle-
structure/patterns-of organization/cause-and-effect/)
beginning-end
“Chronological Order Text Structure.” E Reading Worksheet,
Accessed July 28, 2020. https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
structure/patterns-oforganization/chronological-order/)
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