Islamic Translation

Translating Fiqh
What is Fiqh?
●
Fiqh means deep understanding.
●
Jurisprudence:
- a legal system - philosophy of law

●
Fiqh is different in that all rulings must be derived from
Islamic sources, thus fiqh is translated as Islamic
Jurisprudence.
Fiqh vs. Sharia

●
Sharia is the Divine Law.

●
Fiqh is the human understanding of it.
Islamic Legislation Sources

●
Quran
●
Sunnah
●
Consensus
●
Analogy
Sections of Islamic Jurisprudence

● Acts of Worship ‫ا ل عبادا ت‬

● Transactions ‫ا مل عامالت‬

● Penalties ‫ا حل دود‬
‫‪Translating Fiqh‬‬
‫●‬
‫‪Translating Fiqh texts requires sound background‬‬
‫‪knowledge‬‬
‫ا حل جب ‪e.g.‬‬
‫‪Lit. Blocking‬‬
‫‪“the process of excluding some relatives from‬‬
‫”‪inheritance‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻭﺻﻑ ﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺃﺣﺩ ﻣﻭﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻳﻬﻣﺎ ﺣﺟﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺣﺭﻣﺎﻧﺎ ً ﻛﺣﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺟﺏ ﺍﻟﺟﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﺗﻘﺩﻳﻣﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﻭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺻﺎﻧﺎ ﻛﺣﺟﺏ ﺍﻷﻡ ﻣﻥ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺛﻠﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺳﺩﺱ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺙ‬
Schools of Thought

●
Hanafi
●
Maliki
●
Shafi’i
●
Hanbali
Classifications of Islamic Rulings
1. ‫ وا جب‬/‫ف رض‬
obligatory – prescribed – ordained
● ‫فرض عني‬ individual obligation/individual duty

● ‫فرض كفاية‬ community obligation, collective duty

.‫صالة العيد فرض كفاية‬ :‫مثال‬ ●

Eid prayer is a collective obligation.

Classifications of Islamic Rulings
2. ‫ م ستحب‬/ ‫م نـد و ب‬
desirable – recommended

.‫ يستحب للصائم اإلكثار من الدعاء‬:‫مثال‬ ●

It is recommended for the fasting person to pray a lot/ to

make a lot of dua' (supplications)
*Dua is a prayer of invocation, supplication or request,
even asking help or assistance from Allah. Muslims regard
this as a profound act of worship.
Classifications of Islamic Rulings
3. ‫ جا ئ ز‬/ ‫م بـا ح‬
permissible – permitted – lawful

.‫ يجوز للصائم استخدام قطرة العني‬:‫مثال‬ ●

It is permissible for a fasting person to use eye drops.

Classifications of Islamic Rulings
4. ‫م كروه‬
disliked – detested

.‫ يكره للمصلي أن يغمض عينيه أثناء الصالة‬:‫مثال‬ ●

It is disliked for the worshiper to close his eyes during prayer.

Classifications of Islamic Rulings
5. ‫حرا م‬
unlawful – prohibited – forbidden

.‫ الربا واخلمر وامليسر كلها محرمة في اإلسالم‬:‫مثال‬ ●

Usury, alcohol, and gambling are all forbidden in Islam.

Riba is an Arabic word that means “to increase" or “to exceed" and is commonly used in reference to unequal exchanges or
charges and fees for borrowing. Interest is deemed riba, or an unjust, exploitative gain, and such practice is forbidden under
Islamic law.