NOUNS

Nouns are NAMING WORDS - refer to name persons, animals, places, things,
ideas, or events, etc.

Noun can be a/an -

o Person – a name for a person: - Max, Julie, Catherine, Michel, Bob, etc.
o Animal – a name for an animal: - dog, cat, cow, kangaroo, etc.
o Place – a name for a place: - London, Australia, Canada, Mumbai, etc.
o Thing – a name for a thing: - bat, ball, chair, door, house, computer, etc.
o Idea – A name for an idea: - devotion, superstition, happiness, excitement, etc.
Examples of Noun in sentence

Types of Noun

1.Concrete Noun:
A concrete noun is refers to the things we see or touch and have physical
existence.

Example: Chair, table, bat, ball, water, money, sugar, etc.

A concrete noun is the opposite of an abstract noun.

2. Abstract Noun
An abstract noun is something we cannot see or touch (e.g., "bravery," "hate," "joy").
ONLY FEEL

3.Proper Noun:

A proper noun is a name which refers only to a single person, place, or thing and there
is no common name for it. In written English, a proper noun always begins with capital
letters.
Example: Melbourne (it refers to only one particular city), Steve (refers to a particular
person),

Australia (there is no other country named Australia; this name is fixed for only one
country).

4.Common Noun:
A common noun is a name for something which is common for many things, person, or
places. It encompasses a particular type of things, person, or places.
Example: Country (it can refer to any country, nothing in particular), city (it can refer to
any city like Melbourne, Mumbai, Toronto, etc. but nothing in particular).
So, a common noun is a word that indicates a person, place, thing, etc. In general and
a proper noun is a specific one of those.

The difference between common nouns and proper nouns becomes clearer when
they're side by side.

Common Noun Proper Noun

dog Butch

building Taj Mahal

car Ford Mustang

city Boston

movie Taken

street Carnaby Street

A common noun does not start with a capital letter (unless it starts a sentence or is part
of a title). It is a common mistake to capitalize a common noun that is an important word
in a sentence. For example:

 He disobeyed a direct Order.

(The word "order" is a common noun. It should not be written with a capital
letter.)

 It is the largest Church in Birmingham.

(The word "church" is a common noun. It should not be written with a capital
letter.)

5. Collective Noun
A collective noun is a word for a group of things, people, or animals, etc.
Example: family, team, jury, cattle, etc.
Singular or Plural? Writers are sometimes unsure whether to treat a collective noun
as singular or plural. In fact, a collective noun can be singular or plural depending on the
sense of the sentence. For example:

 That team is the worst in the league.

 The team are not communicating among themselves.

(This time, "team" is treated as plural because the focus is on the individuals
within the team.)

6. Compound Noun
A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words (e.g., "court-martial," "water
bottle," "pickpocket"). Some compound nouns are hyphenated, some are not, and some
combine their words to form a single word. For example:

Hyphenated compound nouns:

 mother-in-law
 forget-me-not
 paper-clip
Two-word compound nouns (also called "open compound nouns"):

 black market
 board of members
 washing machine
One-word compound nouns (also called "closed compound nouns"):

 blackbird
 anteater
 snowman
Pluralizing a Compound Noun. To form the plural of a compound noun, pluralize the
principal word in the compound. When there is no obvious principal word, add "s (or
"es") to the end of the compound. For example:

 Mothers-in-law
(Pluralize the principal word "mother.")

 Paper-clips
 (Pluralize the principal word "clip.")

 Forget-me-nots
(Here, there is no principal word, so add "s" to the end.)

7.Countable Noun:
The nouns that can be counted are called countable nouns. Countable nouns can take
an article: a, an, the.
Example: Chair, table, bat, ball, etc. (you can say 1 chair, 2 chairs, 3 chairs – so chairs
are countable)
Countable Noun examples in sentences

8.Non-countable Noun:
The nouns that cannot be counted are called non-countable nouns.
Example: Water, sugar, oil, salt, etc. (you cannot say “1 water, 2 water, 3 water”
because water is not countable)
Abstract nouns and proper nouns are always non-countable nouns, but common
nouns and concrete nouns can be both count and non-count nouns.
Non-countable Noun examples in sentences

9.Gender-Specific Nouns
A gender-specific noun refers to something specifically male (e.g., "man," "boy," "bull")
or a female (e.g., "woman," "girl," "vixen"). Below are some more examples of gender-
specific nouns:

Always masculine:

 actor, boy, brother, emperor, father, gentleman, grandfather, grandson,

headmaster, husband, man, master, mister, nephew, prince, son, steward,
uncle, waiter, wizard
Always feminine:

 actress, aunt, daughter, empress, girl, granddaughter, grandmother,

headmistress, lady, lioness, lioness, madam, mistress, mother, niece, princess,
princess, sister, stewardess, stewardess, tigress, tigress, waitress, waitress,
wife, witch, woman
10.Gerund
All gerunds end "-ing." A gerund is a noun formed from a verb
(e.g., running quickly, guessing a number, baking cakes). Here are some examples of
gerunds in sentences.

 Running the tap will clear the air pocket.

(This is formed from the verb "to run.")

 She is known for talking quietly.

(This is formed from the verb "to talk.")

 My highlight was visiting New York.

(This is formed from the verb "to visit.")

Be careful. Not every word that ends "-ing" is a gerund. Present participles are formed
from verbs and they also end "-ing." In fact, the present participle of a verb and the
gerund are always identical. The difference is how they are used. Gerunds are used like
nouns, but present participles are used as adjectives or to form verb tenses. For
example:

 I like baking.
(This is a gerund.)

 I need some baking powder.

(This is a present participle used as an adjective.)

 She was baking a cake.

(This is a present participle used to form the past progressive tense.)

Gerunds are different to other nouns because they maintain some of their verb-like
properties. More specifically, gerunds can take direct objects and be modified
by adverbs. This makes them useful for writing concise sentences that flow naturally.

 The quick development of the process is essential.

(This eight-word sentence is clunky. There is no gerund.)

 Quickly developing the process is essential.

(In this six-word sentence, a gerund has been modified by the adverb "quickly"
and has the direct object "the process." It is two words shorter than the first
example and more natural sounding.)

11. Verbal Nouns

A verbal noun is a noun that has no verb-like properties despite being derived from a
verb (e.g., a building, an attack, a decision). Being normal nouns, verbal nouns can
be modified by adjectives, be pluralized (if the sense allows), and be followed by
prepositional phrases (e.g., "...of men," ...by me"). Here is another example of a verbal
noun:

 I am responsible for the funny drawing of the monster.

(Notice that the verbal noun has been modified by the adjective "funny." It could
also be pluralized to "drawings," and it precedes a prepositional phrase "of the
monster.")

Gerunds are sometimes called verbal nouns, but there is a distinction. Compare the
example above with this example featuring "drawing" as a gerund:

 I am responsible for drawing the funny monster.

 (This time, the word "drawing" is a gerund. It cannot be modified by an adjective,
it cannot be pluralized, and it cannot be followed by "of the monster." It has,
however, taken a direct object ("the funny monster"), which a verbal noun
cannot do.)

IT IS NECESSARY TO GO ABROAD FOR JOB :

I AM FOT THE MOTION ALTHOUGH IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO

GO ABROAD FOR JOB BUT IF WE GO IT HAS FOLLOWING
ADVANTAGES :

Working abroad is such a great way to explore other countries

and cultures.

Earn good money!

That’s right, jobs abroad often pay just as well if not better
than jobs at home.

New Skills !

No matter what country you move to, working abroad will

undoubtedly lead you to learn new skills

Not only will you get new skills at your new job abroad, but
you’ll also learn new soft skills, from communication skills to
networking.

Personal development.
Moving to a new country to start a new job will undoubtedly
push you out of your comfort zone. Nothing helps you grow as
a person like interrupting your safe and comfortable routine.

Find your dream career.

Many people choose to work abroad not only to travel, but
also to try out different jobs and new roles.. It is very likely
that by working abroad you will find new interests and
passions, which might lead you on a path to a new career that
you wouldn’t have discovered otherwise.

Of course, Yes!

Right after that we should ban all dairy products, ghee, all kinds of oils & everything that
has anything to do with fat because heart diseases are the leading cause of death not just in
India but worldwide.

Then we should ban all sweets, soft drinks and even sugar because diabetes is one of the
other leading causes of death.

Then we should ban people from having sex because HIV/AIDS is among the top 10 causes
of death here. As an added bonus, no sex means no babies. No babies means zero infant
mortality rate.

Then we should ban people from driving because - yea, you guessed it - road traffic
accidents are yet another major cause of death.

Now that I'm done being rude, let me get to the point - which you probably already have. I
know your intentions are pure but sadly banning all the stuff that are harmful (that too only
when used/done recklessly, except for smoking of course) is not the answer.

First up, abusing anything is harmful to our body. Even drinking too much water can be
harmful. Secondly, just because a portion of the population abuses these things, it shouldn't
be banned altogether. A majority of the people who takes drinks are not drunkards. They
just enjoy an occasional drink and are very responsible about it.

Coming to the banning part of things, I am probably wrong about this but I can't recall any
instance where banning stuff has actually helped.

On the contrary, it creates more problems. One such example is the prohibition years when
alcohol was banned in the US. Those were the years when organized crime started to
flourish there.
Another example closer to home is the recent ban on bars in Kerala. While the ban is yet to
cause any meaningful reduction in alcohol consumption in the state, it did achieve two
things. First, it made some ministers richer as they started taking bribes from bar owners on
the promise that their bars won't be shut down. Secondly, it sky rocketed the sale of alcohol
from the state owned liquor stores. There are even theories that the recent introduction
of online booking of liquor in Kerala was proposed as a relief to the increased rush at these
liquor stores.

So evidently cutting off the supply is not the answer always. The key is reducing the demand
and educating people about the dangers of abusing these things. Still if someone chooses
to exploit it, we should just let him/her be.

Should alcohol & cigarettes be banned in India? Wouldn’t

that steal an individual's right to smoke or drink without
disturbing anyone? If not, then what is an alternative? What
has the government done or what is it planning to do in this
direction?
No, nothing of the mentioned should be banned in India. It should be left up to an
individual to decide what's good for him/her. Moreover, these things are an important part
of the revenue. But, not banning it doesn't mean encouraging it. The ill-effects of intake of
both alcohol and cigarette should be taught seriously.

Banning anything does't work at all. In Gujarat, selling liquor is not allowed. But that doesn't
stop people from smuggling it from neighboring states. In Rajasthan, selling liquor after 8
PM is not allowed, but that doesn't prohibit people to buy as much quantity as they want
before 8.

There are numerous things which are injurious to health. Edible oil is injurious to health in
the long run as it makes your heart weak. Driving is injurious to health because driving
means lack of exercise one's body should be subjected to.

The measures the government can take should be like the following to discourage people
from buying:

1. Discourage people from buying such stuff by well-thought of advertising. More stress on
educating the teens. If big pictures of badly affected lungs don't stop a smoker to buy a
pack, this kind of thing certainly makes an impact:

. Make buying slightly difficult. They have already implemented the 100m rule for
educational institutes. As in, there shouldn't be any shop selling tobacco within 100 m of
any educational institution.

3. Put stringent taxes making liquor/tobacco more expensive.

4. Levying higher fine if one is caught driving after taking liquor. And strictly implementing it
because it endangers not only the driver but a lot more people on the road.

5. Doing regular checks on the quality of the thing sold. Many people who cannot afford
quality products die because of taking badly manufactured cheap alcohol.

6. Promote the alternatives like nicotine chewing gum so that at least passive smokers get
respite.

Such steps, though already being taken, can greatly help. Banning works only in the case
when situation gets out of hand.

India seems to be on a banning spree. We have banned Maggie, Porn, Beef and even books.
The tolerance of the people and the government for anything they have the faintest
disagreement with seems to be on the "To Be Banned" list.
So if someone feels that porn makes them more sexually aggressive, why does he have to
kill it for the rest of us. Maybe for those predators whose aggressions are redirected into
more fistful activities rather than atrocities or crime - the government wants to give a wake
up call and say - Go ahead and practise that in the real world - Or so I feel is their "pure"
motives.

Another school of thought are those pios guys who refrain from eating cows! "Well, what I
can't enjoy - Neither can you" - seems to be their ban proposition. Well, if it were to me to
do that - I would ban those paneers and potatoes - and oh yeah! Wheat! - How will that
make those pious men feel! If holy be your argument, I am a Hindu too and I worship
nature, of which your vegetables and pulses are a part of - How dare you eat MY GOD!

And poor Salman Rushdie should have known that the democracy offered to him was
subjected to terms and conditions. As Indians, we can exercise our democracies - but in the
way mandated by the government! Marcus Aurelius would be seriously writhing in his grave.
Nope, makes no sense banning it-people will just find other ways to acquire cigarettes .We
don't have the resources to put a blanket ban on smoking because actually implementing
that will be next to impossible(as u mentioned, even current regulations for smoking aren't
followed).
Trying to ban smoking will lead to the conception of a huge black market industry and give
the law enforcement another tool to harass people.
Furthermore, as much as i hate second hand smoke, it is an individual choice, which adults
must be allowed to make for themselves ( provided of course that they don't smoke in
public)
The current policy of steeply increasing tax on cigarettes every year (Excise Duty on
cigarettes went up by 18% for F.Y. 2013-14) should be continued though.
and remember

Implementation of completely banning Cigarettes and Alcohol in India is next to impossible,

however the smart work what government should do is to impose heavy taxes on such
caffeine, alcoholic, tar and nicotine products. People will think twice before they'll buy these
products.

Heavy Taxes = Minimum Consumption +Healthy Lifestyle + Increase in Government Funds

+ Less litter on roads + Less expenditures on campaigns prohibiting such products +
Swachh Bharat

Hope my little brain has written something useful.

Should alcohol & cigarettes be banned in India?
I know your intentions are pure but sadly banning all the stuff that are harmful is not the
answer. Banning anything does't work at all. In Gujarat, selling liquor is not allowed. But that
doesn't stop people from smuggling it from neighboring states. In Rajasthan, selling liquor
after 8 PM is not allowed, but that doesn't prohibit people to buy as much quantity as they
want before 8.

There are numerous things which are injurious to health. Edible oil is injurious to health in
the long run as it makes your heart weak. Driving is injurious to health because driving
means lack of exercise one's body should be subjected to.

Moreover, these things are an important part of the revenue. But, not banning it doesn't
mean encouraging it. The ill-effects of intake of both alcohol and cigarette should be taught
seriously. . It should be left up to an individual to decide what's good for him/her .