Social Psychology Myers 10th Edition Test Bank

Social Psychology Myers 10th Edition

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9. Myers suggests that he can make a confident guess about your attitude toward the 2003 U.S. war with
Iraq if he knows your educational level and what media you watch and read. This is an example of
A. how intellectual pursuits alter our political views.
B. the power of the situation.
C. the power of intuition.
D. a self-fulfilling prophecy.
10. When explaining topics such as dating and mating, evolutionary psychologists consider how natural
selection might
A. predispose our attitudes.
B. change our attitudes.
C. account for similarities in our attitudes.
D. reinforce our attitudes.
11. Those who consider under-the-skin (i.e., biological) and between the skins (i.e., social) influences on
topics such as love and hate are referred to as
A. social biologists.
B. social neuroscientists.
C. social sociologists.
D. social anthropologists.
12. Myers points out that our social behavior is shaped by
A. our intelligence and learning.
B. our personal preferences.
C. how we were nurtured by our parents.
D. other people, our attitudes and personality, and our biology.
13. What is NOT true about how values affect social psychology?
A. Values influence the topics that are researched.
B. The values that people hold influence them entering the field of study.
C. Social psychology research shows us what to value.
D. Social psychologists are very interested in studying values.
14. Social representations are
A. value commitments within a culture.
B. intuitive ideas that prove to be true.
C. socially shared beliefs, including our assumptions and cultural ideologies.
D. stereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in reality.
15. According to the text, values enter the work of social psychology when researchers
A. collect data for their studies.
B. present the results of their studies.
C. summarize their studies.
D. choose the topics of their studies.
16. Hastorf and Cantril (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouth violations
as Dartmouth students did when each watched the game. This emphasizes
A. humans' tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations.
B. humans' inability to be objective when watching sports.
C. football players' brutality.
D. that humans are objective when watching sports.
17. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted
from one generation to the next is referred to as
A. nationality.
B. race.
C. social representations.
D. culture.
18. Socially shared beliefs are widely held ideas and values, which include our assumptions and cultural
ideologies. This is a definition of
A. nationality.
B. race.
C. social representations.
D. culture.
19. Myers discusses how Maslow's description of "self-actualized" people was based on a sample he
personally selected. Had he selected other people to describe, his ensuing list of self-actualization
characterizations may have been different. This is an example of how values can influence
A. data.
B. results.
C. concepts.
D. methodology.
20. You ask your academic advisor what to major in, as you can't seem to decide. She suggests psychology;
however, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects her
A. training.
B. education.
C. belief that you would make a good psychologist.
D. values.
21. Whether we label a woman as "ambitious" or "aggressive" is a reflection of our
A. gender.
B. values.
C. culture.
D. age.
22. Your decision to call someone a "terrorist" rather than a "freedom fighter" depends on your view of the
cause. This is an example of how values can influence not only social psychology, but also
A. emotions.
B. actions.
C. intuitions.
D. everyday language.
23. Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is the
A. retrospective bias.
B. information bias.
C. prediction bias.
D. hindsight bias.
24. When asked who you think will win the next presidential election, you reply that you do not know.
However, after the election results are reported, you claim that it was obvious all along. This is an
example of the
A. retrospective bias.
B. information bias.
C. prediction bias.
D. hindsight bias.
25. The difficult 2008 world financial crisis due to lack of regulations and safeguards seems obvious now.
This is an example of
A. information bias.
B. hindsight bias.
C. prediction bias.
D. retrospective bias.
26. Theories help social psychologists their observations and their hypotheses.
A. test; organize
B. organize; test
C. objectify; refute
D. refute; objectify
27. A theory
A. is an agreed-upon statement.
B. summarizes and explains facts.
C. cannot be tested.
D. is less than fact.
28. A is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.
A. theory
B. hypothesis
C. fact
D. correlation
29. The difference between facts and theories is that
A. facts explain theories.
B. theories explain facts.
C. facts are ideas.
D. theories are statements.
30. A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is a
A. statement.
B. bias.
C. correlation.
D. hypothesis.
31. Which one of the following is one of the purposes of a hypothesis according to the text?
A. Hypotheses allow us to test a theory.
B. Hypotheses provide explanations for research results.
C. Hypotheses prove theories.
D. Hypotheses communicate the results of research studies.
32. The analogy used in the text to describe what happens when old theories are discarded employs a
discussion of how
A. old cars are kept as antiques.
B. old cars are replaced by newer and better models.
C. new cars are often not built as well as older models.
D. new cars are frequently more fuel efficient than older models.
33. Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as
A. correlational research.
B. experimental research.
C. laboratory research.
D. field research.
34. Asking students to come to a laboratory at 3 p.m. in order to participate in a study on university students'
usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?
A. correlational research
B. experimental research
C. laboratory research
D. field research
35. Standing in the campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of university students'
usage of cellular phones is an example of what type of research?
A. correlational research
B. experimental research
C. laboratory research
D. field research
36. The study of naturally occurring relationships among variables is referred to as
A. correlational research.
B. experimental research.
C. laboratory research.
D. field research.
37. In order to determine whether or not changing one variable (such as education) will produce changes in
another (such as income), one needs to conduct research.
A. survey
B. correlational
C. experimental
D. statistical
38. Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while controlling
others describes what type of research?
A. correlational research
B. experimental research
C. laboratory research
D. field research
39. A psychiatrist tells you that she is interested in determining if the condition of individuals who are
clinically depressed improves with either 20 or 40 milligrams of Prozac. She decides to administer 20
milligrams to a random half of her clients, and 40 milligrams to the other half. She finds that after six
months, the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than those clients
who took 20 milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?
A. correlational research
B. experimental research
C. controlled research
D. hypothetical research
40. You've noticed that as the temperature drops outside, you see more students wearing sweaters and heavy
coats. Your observation is most similar to
A. correlational research.
B. experimental research.
C. controlled research.
D. hypothetical research.
41. Variable X is correlated with Variable Y. Which of the following could explain this correlation?
A. X causes Y.
B. Y causes X.
C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
D. All of these are possible explanations.
42. You are interested in finding out the effect that crowding has on people's moods. You conduct a study in
a psychology research lab using two types of participants - participants who have to wait in a crowded
waiting room before completing a measure of their mood, and participants who wait in an empty room
before completing the same measure. Which type of research did you conduct?
A. correlational research
B. experimental research
C. laboratory research
D. both experimental and laboratory research
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