PINNAACLE CLASSES

46. (a): In carbocations, the carbon atom with positive charge has only 6 electrons in
its valence shell.

47. (d): Hyperconjugation involves conjugation of σ electrons of C – H bond and π-

bonds. It is also known as no – bond resonance.

48. (d): Free radicals can undergo all given types of processes.

49. (b): CH 3 −C H −CH 3 shows 6 hyperconjugating structures.

50. (c): In C – Cl bond, the electron pair is carried away by Cl atom due to higher
electrongegativity.
C−Cl →C + +Cl−
Hence, carbon cation and chlorine anion are formed.

51. (b):

Tertialry carbocation is more stable than secondary and primary carbocations.

52. (b): Stability of carbanions decreases with increase in +I effect. +I effect is

− − − −
maximum in ( CH 3 ) 3 C , followed by ( CH 3 ) 2 CH and CH 3 CH 2 . in C 6 H 5 CH 2 , resonance
effect increases the stability Hence, the order of stability is
(iv) > (iii) > (ii) > (i).

53. (d): It is stabilized both by +I effect and hyper – conjugation.

54. (a): Due to displacement of σ - electrons towards more electronegative atom the
bond becomes polar. The polar bond induces polarity to the adjacent bonds.

55. (d): Free radical is formed as a result of hemolytic fission hence it has an unpaired
electron.

56. (b): Hyperconjugation is orbital interactions between π− systems and the adjacent
2
σ bond of substituent groups for hyperconjugation α - carbon with respect to sp
hybrid carbon should have at least one hydrogen.
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57. (c): Stability of alkyl carbocations can be explained by both inductive effect and
hyperconjugation.

o o o
58. (c): Order of stability of carbanions is1 >2 >3

59. (d): −NO 2 shows maximum electron withdrawing or

– I effect.

+
+
60. (c): ( CH 3 ) 3 C is more stable than CH 3 C HCH 3 Rst all are primary carbocations hence
less stable.

61. (c): The electronegative atom in the carbon chain produces – I effect.

HBr → H + + Br−
62. (a): Step – I : ( Electrophile )

63. (c):

o
Thus, 2 Carbocation is formed.

64. (b) Order of +I = (CH3)3 C – > (CH3)2 CH – > CH3 CH2 – > – CH3.

65. (c)
66. (d) –NO2 > – CN > –Cl > – NH2.

67. (b)
68. (d) This is fact.
69. (a)
70. (c)
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 PINNAACLE CLASSES

71. (d) 7 including the given structure in which every C will recieve a positive
charge.

72. (c)
73. (d)
74. (d)
75. (d)
76. (b) Here the lone pair present over nitrogen atom is involved in conjugation thus
is sp2 hybrdized.

77. (b) contain 10  electrons. Azulene is a dipolar ion and has both rings
aromatic in its ionic form.

78. (c)
79. (c)
80. (d)
81. (a)
82. (b)
83. (a) Cyclopropylmethyl is more stable.

84. (d)
85. (b)
86. (b)
87. (b)
88. (c)
89. (b)
90. (b) (due to p-d back bonding).

(stability of anion, sp > sp2 > sp3)

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 PINNAACLE CLASSES

< (stability order of carbanion due to aromaticity)

Opp. Om Shakti Temple, Beside Naturals, Ramakrishna Road, Salem : 83009 81676 / 98403 37371