Tư thế đầu nhô phía trước

Triệu chứng:

 Headaches
 Neck discomfort
 Muscle tension in the neck and shoulders
 Discomfort in the mid back
 Chest pain
 Pain, pins & needles and numbness in the arms and hands

Ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe

 FHP increases compressive loading on tissues in the cervical spine, particu-

larly the facet joints and ligaments.
 Studies have reported that symptoms including neck pain, headache, temporo-
mandibular pain, and musculoskeletal disorders are related to FHP
 FHP greatly influences respiratory function by weakening the respiratory mus-
cle.
 FHP can have a negative impact on static balance.
 Forward head and round-shoulder postures (FHRSP) can result in shoulder
pain and dysfunction because of altered scapular kinematics and muscle activ-
ity and consequently, placing increased stress on the shoulder.
 In the posterior cervical muscles there is stretching and weakness
of Semispinalis cervicis and overaction with ultimate shortening
of Semispinalis capitis . The corresponding flexor muscles in front,
namely, Longus cervicis and Longus capitis shorten and lengthen respectively.
 There is newly evidance that there is no relation between FHP and neck pain,
additionally individual with neck pain had lower ROM and slower neck move-
ment.

Dịch tễ/ nguyên nhân

Tỉ lệ mắc cao: 86,6%

Yếu tố nguy cơ: giới nữ, tuổi cao, từng hút thuốc, nhu cầu công việc cao, hỗ
trợ xã hội hoặc công việc thấp.

Nguyên nhân

 Occupational posture: forward or backward leaning of head for long durations,

slouched or relaxed sitting, faulty sitting posture while using computer or
screen.
 Effect of gravity: slouching, poor ergonomic alignment.
 Other faulty postures like pelvic and lumber spine posture.
 Sleeping with head elevated too high.
 Poor posture maintained for long durations.
 Lack of development of back muscle strength.

Biểu hiện lâm sàng

 Muscle ischemia, pain and fatigue

 Decreased range of motion of cervical spine

 Early disc degeneration and osteophyte formation
 Temporomandibular joint pain and inflammation
 Tension Headache
 Increase in dorsal kyphosis and decrease in height
 Decrease in vital capacity and range of motion of shoulder and arm
 Possible protrusion of nucleus pulposus and nerve compression

 Mobility impairment in the muscles of the anterior thorax (intercostal mus-

cles), muscles of the upper extremity originating on the thorax (Pectoralis ma-
jor et minor, Latissimus dorsi , Serratus anterior ), muscles of the cervical spine
and head that attached to the scapula and upper thorax (Levator scapulae , Ster-
nocleidomastoid , Scalene, upper Trapezius ), and muscles of the suboccipital
region (Rectus capitis posterior major and minor, Obliquus capitis infe -
rior and superior).
 Impaired muscle performance due to stretched and weak lower cervical and
upper thoracic erector spinae and scapular retractor muscles (Rhomboids, mid-
dle Trapezius), anterior throat muscles (suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles),
and capital flexors (Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, superior oblique
Longus colli , Longus capitis ).
  With temporomandibular joint symptoms, the muscles of mastication may have
increased tension (Pterygoid, Masseter, temporalis muscles). [11][12]

Đánh giá
 Đánh giá lâm sàng
 Chụp Xquang

 The craniovertebral angle is one of the most reliable methods and common an-
gles for evaluating the FHP. It examines head status relative to the seventh cer -
vical vertebrae (C7).