10/19/2023

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), Mechanical Engineering

10th of Ramadan City Department

Lecture (3)
Construction Project Planning
(Construction Project Networks)
1
Bar Chart , AOA, AON and PERT
First Term (2023- 2024)
Dr. Asmaa Soliman
Asmaa.soliman@hti.edu.eg
Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.
Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

2
Time Management Definition
 Time management is the discipline of planning and scheduling
one’s activities so that they fit in with other commitments,
resources, and goals.
 It involves the identification of the necessary tasks (work, personal,
family) and the allocation of time to each task.

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

Time management Process

3

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Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Time management Process

4

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Planning Process
5  Planning phase is a phase of the life cycle that involves creating plans for
management, monitor, and execution.
 In this phase, the project has to be developed in detail to meet its objectives.
 The project manager’s team will define the work that needs to be done in
order to start construction by identifying the resources and strategies to obtain
supplies.
 The project manager will prepare the budget of the project by considering
the estimated costs. This includes the costs of equipment, material and
manpower.
 Nowadays, numerous software options are available that can help in scheduling
project to complete a project within its time frame. It can also help in
monitoring the cost of the project. All the things planned in this stage have to be
documented in detail so that they can be reviewed repeatedly throughout its
execution.

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Activities Duration
6
 Activity Duration is the time consumed to complete an activity from
start to finish.
𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒚
Duration =
Ex: 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒏 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆(𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚)
 Excavation Quantity = 2000 m3 Duration = 2000/200
= 10 working days
 Excavator rate = 200 m3\day

Note: The project manager should always remember that the project
schedule could be a legal and binding document, as part of the contract.
In such a case, it may be used in court later to prove or disprove a delay
claim.
Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.
Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

Activities Sequence Represented (Activity Relation Types)

7

Predecessor
Activity (A)
1 3
Finish to start Successor Start to
Activity (B)
(FS). Finish (SF).

SS= zero
Activity (A) Activity (A)
Overlap Overlap
FF=zero
2 4
Activity (B) Activity (B)
Finish to Finish Start to start
(FF). (SS).
Activity (A)
Activity (A) FF=x

Overlap Activity (B)

Activity (B) Overlap
SS=x

10th
Higher Technological Institute (HTI), of Ramadan City.
Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Project Networks
8  Network Diagram is a graph or chart which clearly indicates the flow
of elements in the project. It consists of the elements that are shown
from left to right with their dependencies
There are three ways that are commonly used to draw a network
diagram, to visual presentation of the sequence
of construction events for a project:
1.Activity On Arrow (AOA);activities are represented by Arrows
Between nodes.
¡ Activity name ϳ
2.Activity On Node (AON);activities are represented by the nodes.
= -
Es succossor activity

Es Ff Ef
+ = =
Activity Ft -

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Ls =Duration- Lf
Project Management, Dr. Mahmoud Malek, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

3.Gantt Chart (Bar Chart)

9
Gantt Chart (Bar Chart), is a diagrammed calendar schedule of all
project activities’ start and end dates in logical order. with
the construction activities vertically, with the horizontal axis marking time.
The lengths of task bars are to scale with tasks’ durations.

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Mahmoud Malek, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Solved Examples on Bar chart (Gant Chart)

10
Ex. (1) (Without Constraints)
1) Draw Gant Chart (Bar Chart)
2) Determine Total time of Project
3) Start and Finish of each activity

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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11 Solution

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Project Management, Dr. Mahmoud Malek, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Activity On Arrow (A.O.A)

12  Activity represented as arrows between start and finish
nodes.
AOA Network Rules
1) Numbering
Activity
Name
i˂j ¡ j
Duration

2) Arrow Directions

Exclusive out Exclusive in

Directions Directions

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Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

3) All Activities from One start and to One end

A C j
Notes
13 0
 Activities (A, B, M) are Start
 Activities (J, S, T) are End
B S

M T

C j
A
One B S One
Start End
M T

4) No Arrow Crossing Link

S T

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

5) Dummy Activities with Duration equal to zero

C j
Notes
14
A j
 Activities (J) depend on activities (C, B)
j  Activity (S) depend on Activity (B)
B
S

M T

C j
A
B S

M T

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Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

5) Dummy Activities with Duration equal to zero

Z
R Notes
15 C
A j  Activities (J, R) depend on activities (C,
B)
 Activity (S) depend on Activity (B)
R
B j
J, R
S
M
T

R
C Z
A j
B S

M T

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

5) Dummy Activities with Duration equal to zero

R Notes
16 C
A j  Activities (R) depend on activities (C, B)
 Activity (S) depend on Activity (B)
 Activity (J) depend on Activity (C)
R
B R
S
M
T

C j

A
R

B S

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Terminology
17

 Activity: an element of the project that requires time and resources. It

has start and end dates.
 Merge Activity: an activity that has two or more preceding activities
on which it depends.
 Parallel (Concurrent) Activities: Activities that can occur
independently and, if desired, not at the same time.
 A dependency or relationship is the sequencing of a project
activities or tasks
 Path: a sequence of connected, dependent activities.
 Critical path: the longest path through the activity network that allows
for the completion of all project related activities; the shortest expected
time in which the entire project can be completed. Delays on the
critical path will delay completion of the entire project.

Solved Examples on Activity On Arrow (A.O.A)

18 Ex. (1)
 A project of installing new Cabinets, Based on the
data given below:
1. Draw an arrow diagram
2. Determine The Total Time of The Project
3. Determine The Critical Paths(s)
4. Determine the ES, EF and Free Float for all
activities
5. Draw Bar Chart for Critical Path Only.
6. If Day 18 Nonworking day, what is the total time
with drawing

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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19
Solution
Ex. (1)

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

20 Free Slack (or Float)

Free Slack (or Float)

 Free Slack is the amount of time the early finish of an activity can be
delayed without affecting the early start of any immediate successor
activity/activities.
 Free slack occurs at the end of a chain of activities before a merge
occurs
 Allows flexibility in scheduling scarce resources.

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Solved Examples on Activity On Arrow (A.O.A)

21
Ex. (2)

 A project of installing new Cabinets, Based on

the data given below:
1. Draw an arrow diagram
2. Determine The Total Time of The Project
3. Determine The Critical Paths(s)
4. Determine the ES, EF and Free Float for all
activities
5. Draw Bar Chart for Critical Path Only.
6. Determine Free Float For all Activities

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Solution
22 Ex. (2)
Duration = No. of units Required /
No. of units required per day

R T
E F

D Z
Q B

N
S
P

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Activity Successor
Ex. (3) It’s required to :

23 1. Construct (A.O.A) For the project.

A E
2. Define critical path and get total time.
B F,G
3. Construct precedence (AON).
C D
4. Determine (ES,EF,LS,LF,TF,FF).
E F
20 E 50 D G

A F G -
F -

10
B 30
70

C G

40 D 60

Higher Technological Institute (HTI), 10th of Ramadan City.

Project Management, Dr. Mahmoud Malek, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

Ex. (4) It’s required to :

24 1. Construct (A.O.A) For the project.
2. Define critical path and get total time.
3. Construct precedence (AON).
4. Determine (ES,EF,LS,LF,TF,FF).

S
A 20
R
80 Q
6
10
0 90
B
C P
30
50
O 70

N
40

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Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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 10/19/2023

25

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Project Management, Dr. Asmaa Ahmed Soliman

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