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Bachman & Paternoster, Statistics for Criminology and Criminal Justice 4th Edition
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Test Bank
3. The state in which you were born would be an example of which type of variable.
*a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ration
@ Answer Location: Nominal Level of Measurement; Cognitive Domain: Comprehension; Question Type:
MC
4. On a survey, individuals are asked how fearful of crime they are in their neighborhood. The answer
choices are 1 = very fearful; 2 = somewhat fearful; 3 = not very fearful; 4 = not fearful at all. This is an
example of which type of variable.
a. Nominal
*b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ration
@ Answer Location: Ordinal Levels of Measurement; Cognitive Domain: Application; Question Type: MC
5. To be classified as a(n) __________________ variable the difference between adjacent values along
the measurement scale must be the same at every two points.
a. nominal-level
b. ordinal-level
*c. interval-level
d. ratio-level
@ Answer Location: Interval Level of Measurement; Cognitive Domain: Knowledge; Question Type: MC
6. If a city had a population of 200,000 and had 82 homicides in the prior year, what would the homicide
rate per 1,000 be?
a. .041
*b. .41
c. 4.1
d. 41.0
@ Answer Location: Counts and Rates; Cognitive Domain: Application; Question Type: MC
7. Given the hypothetical table below, which age group has the highest rate of committing violent crimes?
a. 18–24
*b. 25–34
c. 35–49
d. 50–64
@ Answer Location: Counts and Rates; Cognitive Domain: Analysis; Question Type: MC
9. In a sample there are 90 females and 80 males. What is the percentage of females in the sample?
a. 47.1
b. .47
*c. 52.94
d. .53
@Answer Location: Proportions and Percentages; Cognitive Domain: Application; Question Type: MC
10. If a researcher wanted to analyze how many homicides were committed by individuals in cities across
the Midwest, what would the unit of analysis be?
a. Individuals
*b. Cities
c. States
d. Homicides
@Answer Location: Unit of Analysis; Cognitive Domain: Analysis; Question Type: MC
*a. True
b. False
@ Answer Location: The Case of Dichotomies; Cognitive Domain: Comprehension; Question Type: TF
14. Interval and ratio level variables are considered continuous measures.
*a. True
b. False
@ Answer Location: Ratio Level of Measurement; Cognitive Domain: Knowledge; Question Type: TF
15. All four levels of measurement allow the researcher to rank cases in order.
a. True
*b. False
@ Answer Location: Comparing Levels of Measurement; Cognitive Domain: Comprehension; Question
Type: TF
17. The rate is calculated by dividing the frequency of the event by the total number in the sample and
then multiplying by 100.
a. True
*b. False
@ Answer Location: Counts and Rates; Cognitive Domain: Comprehension; Question Type: TF
19. If a researcher were surveying individuals on their levels of perceived safety the unit of analysis would
be the household.
a. True
*b. False
@ Answer Location: Unit of Analysis; Cognitive Domain: Application; Question Type: TF
20. The NCVS uses the individual as the unit analysis while the FBI uses the city or state as the unit of
analysis.
*a. True
b. False
@ Answer Location: Unit of Analysis; Cognitive Domain: Comprehension; Question Type: TF
21. Discuss the different levels of measurement and give an example for each.
*Answers may vary
Nominal Level variables convey classification or categorization information only. Examples include
gender, race, religion, political party, city born in, etc.
Ordinal level variables are categorical but the categories have some type of relationship to each other.
The categories can be ordered from high to low or low to high but there is no exact quantity between the
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The narrative of
a journey undertaken in the years 1819, 1820 and
1821 through France, Italy, Savoy, Switzerland,
parts of Germany bordering on the Rhine,
Holland and the Netherlands
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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Language: English
THE
Narrative
OF
A JOURNEY,
UNDERTAKEN
INCIDENTS
THAT OCCURRED TO THE AUTHOR, WHO HAS LONG SUFFERED UNDER A
FOURTH EDITION.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY G. B. WHITTAKER, AVE MARIA LANE.
1825.
THE
Dedication.
TO
PRINCESS AUGUSTA.
Madam,
The kind manner in which this honour has been conferred, cannot
fail to increase the value of the boon, and strengthen the ties of
gratitude by which I felt bound to your Royal Highness, for the
flattering notice, and important favours, you had previously been
pleased to bestow upon me.
Madam,
Your Royal Highness’s
JAMES HOLMAN.
PREFACE.
The very peculiar circumstances under which the Author professes
to obtrude the present volume upon public notice, appear to require
some explanation, were it only to obviate suspicions which might
arise, that the general detail of circumstances which it comprises,
has been the production of an active imagination, rather than a
relation of the occurrences of real life; for he is fully aware, that such
a construction might be put upon the apparent anomaly of the travels
of one, whose loss of sight, a source of information naturally
considered indispensable in such an undertaking, must greatly limit
his power of acquiring the legitimate materials, necessary to give his
work body and consistency.
In the year 1819, his health having for some time suffered from
causes which it is unnecessary to mention, the Author became
assured that nothing would tend more to re-establish it, than a visit to
the highly favoured clime of the southern parts of Europe: while at
the same time, and which was, perhaps, paramount to all other
considerations, he would be gratifying his desire of obtaining
information; he therefore, with this double view, determined to
undertake the journey which forms the subject of the present pages;
—and is happy to say, that in neither of these objects has he met
with disappointment.
CHAP. I.
DEPARTURE FROM ENGLAND, AND JOURNEY
TO PARIS.
In the morning I arose early, and inhaled the fresh breeze upon the
pier, a wooden structure, which extends itself for a considerable
distance into the sea. At the extremity near the town, is a pillar,
erected by the loyal people of Calais, in commemoration of the
landing of Louis xviii. immediately after the first subjection of
Napoleon, and near to it a brass plate, with the figure of a foot cast in
it, fixed upon the very spot where this monarch first trod the French
ground, after so long an absence from his affectionate subjects.
The usual hour for the departure of the diligence was ten o’clock;
but we anticipated this time, and set out at half-past nine, in
consequence of its being a fête day, when the gates of the town are
closed from ten till noon, during the performance of high mass.
On the morning after my entrance into this family, I rang the bell of
my bed-chamber, and requested a French servant to bring me hot
water; in answer to this he replied, “toute a l’heure,” with the
meaning of which I was at the time totally ignorant: after waiting a
quarter of an hour, I rang again, and received the same reply, “toute
a l’heure,” but with no better result: I again repeated my application,
it was still “toute a l’heure:” at length, after, the lapse of an hour, he
brought the water. At breakfast, I took the opportunity of inquiring the
signification of this convenient expression, requesting to be
informed, whether it implied any specific time, when they told me it
meant “immediately.” I thought, however, in the present instance,
that the action did not suit the word.
LE PORTRAIT DE PARIS.