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VOLTAGE REGULATOR
AIM:
a) To plot the V-I characteristics of Zener Diode under forward and
reverse bias conditions and to calculate cut-in voltage and zener
breakdown voltage.
b) To plot the Load Regulation Curve of the zener diode in reverse
bias condition.
APPARATUS:
THEORY:
2. Zener Breakdown: When the P-N regions are heavily doped, direct
rupture of covalent bonds takes place because of strong electric
fields at the junction. The new electron-hole pairs so created
increase the reverse current in a reverse biased PN diode. As a result
of heavy doping of P and N regions the width of depletion region
becomes very small for a voltage of 6V on less, the field across the
depletion region becomes very high (of order 107 V/m) making the
conditions suitable for zener break down.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
a) V-I Characteristics
470Ω (0-50mA)
+ A _
If
+
RPS A +
VS 1MZ 5V1 Vf V (0-1V)
(0-30V) K
_ -
FORWARD BIAS
(0-50mA)
_
470Ω + A
Ir
+ K
RPS +
VS 1MZ 5V1 Vr V (0-10V)
(0-30V) _ A
-
REVERSE BIAS
b) Voltage Regulator
470Ω
+ K
+
RPS 1MZ 5V1 RL
VS=12V VL V (0-10V)
A
_ -
MODEL GRAPHS:
a) V-I Characteristics
If (mA) Vr (V) VZ 0
IR (mA)
0 Vγ Vf(V)
b) Voltage Regulator
% Reg
0 RL(Ω)
TABULAR FORMS:
a) V-I Characteristics
b) Voltage Regulator
No Load Voltage, VNL = ______
RL VL
% Reg
(Ω) (Volts)
PROCEDURE:
a) V-I Characteristics
Forward bias
1) Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram of Forwaed
Bias.
2) Vary the RPS voltage from 0V to 30V in steps.
3) Tabulate the readings of Ammeter (If) and Voltmeter (Vf).
4) Plot the graph between Vf & If.
5) Calculate the cut-in voltage from the graph
Reverse bias
1) Make the connections as shown in the circuit diagram of Reverse
Bias.
2) Vary the RPS voltage from 0V to 30V in steps.
3) Tabulate the readings of Ammeter (Ir) and Voltmeter (Vr).
4) Plot the graph between Vr & Ir.
5) Calculate the break down voltage from the graph
b) Voltage Regulator:
VNL − VL
% Reg = × 100
VL
PRECAUTIONS:
a) V-I Characteristics
b) Voltage Regulator