COMPONENTS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

The main components of centrifugal pumps :-

1. Impeller,
2. Casing,
3. Suction pipe with a foot-valve and a strainer and
4. Delivery pipe.
1. Impeller: The rotating part of the centrifugal pump which is mounted on a
shaft is called impeller. It consists of a series of vanes usually backward curved.
2. Casing: It is an airtight passage which surrounds the impeller. The casing is
designed in such a way that the kinetic energy of the liquid leaving the impeller
is converted into pressure energy. Different types of casings commonly
employed.
3. Suction pipe with a foot-valve and a strainer: -Suction pipe is a pipe whose
one end is connected to the centre of the impeller and the other end dips into
liquid in a sump from which the liquid is to be lifted up.
4. Delivery pipe: It is a pipe whose one end is connected to the outlet of the
impeller and the other end delivers liquid in the storage reservoir.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
1. The first step in the operation of a centrifugal pump is priming that is the
suction pipe and casing is filled with the liquid so that no air pocket is left.
2. The rotation of the pump impeller inside a casing full of liquid produces a
forced vortex which is responsible for imparting a centrifugal head to the
liquid.
3. Rotation of impeller effects a reduction of pressure at the centre. This
causes the liquid in the suction pipe to rush into the eye.
DIFFERENT HEADS IN A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
1. Suction head: The vertical height between the centre line of the pump and
the liquid level in the sump is called suction head (hg). This head is sometimes
referred as suction lift.
2. Delivery head: The vertical height between the liquid level in the storage
reservoir and the centre line of the pump is called delivery head.
3. Static head: The difference between the liquid level in the storage reservoir
and the sump is known as static head (Hs). It is therefore, the sum of the
suction head and delivery head and is given by HS= hs+hd
WORK DONE BY THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
A centrifugal pump is a reverse of a radially inward flow reaction turbine. The
expression for work done by the impeller to the liquid can be obtained by
drawing the velocity triangles at the inlet and outlet of the impeller.
COMPONENTS OF A RECIPROCATING PUMP
The main components of centrifugal pumps :-
1. Cylinder with suitable valves at inlet (suction valve) and delivery (delivery
valve),
2. Plunger or piston with piston rings,
3. Connecting rod and crank mechanism,
4. Suction pipe and
5. Delivery pipe
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A RECIPROCATING PUMP?
A reciprocating pump consists of a piston or a plunger executing reciprocating
motion inside a cylinder as shown in Figure 1. As the crank moves outwards
(from A to C), the piston moves towards right in the cylinder causing a vacuum
in the cylinder.