KENDRIYA VIDYALA

YA AFS
WADSAR

Chemistry investigato
ry project
TOPIC:
FINDING EMF OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

NAME:- KUSHWAH SARVESH ROLL NO.:-20

CLASS:- 12TH YEAR: 2023-24
CERTIF ICATE

This is to certify that KUSHWAH SARVES , a student of c

lass 12 A has successfully completed his chemistry inv

estigatory project entitled “FINDING EMF OF

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL”under the guidance of MR. DEE

PAK PANDYA (PGT CHEMISTRY) during the academic y

ear 2023-24
ACKNOWLADGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be in
complete without mentioning the names of those
people who helped to make it possible. I take this
opportunity to acknowledge my deep senses of gr
atitude to my chemistry teacher MR. DEEPAK P
ANDYA for his valuable support, constant help an
d guidance at every stage without which this proj
ect would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to my pare

nts for their immense encouragement and suppor

t. I would also like to thank my friends for encou

raging me during the course of this project.

 Introduction
Insecticides are specialized chemical compounds designed to control an
d combat insect pests, contributing in modern agriculture and public h
ealth. These chemicals have revolutionized agriculture, boosting food
production and global food security.
There has been an increase in insecticide usage is primarily driven by t
he growing demand for food production, intensified agriculture, emer
ging pest challenges.

The four main types of pesticides are:

1.Insecticides: These are used to control and kill insects. They can targ
et specific groups of insects or have a broader spectrum of activity.

2.Herbicides: Herbicides are designed to control or kill weeds and unw

anted plants. They are commonly used in agriculture and landscaping

3.Rodenticides: These are used to control rodents, such as rats and mi

ce. They can be lethal when ingested by the target pests.

4.Fungicides: Fungicides are used to prevent, control, or eliminate fungal di

seases that can affect plants, crops, and sometimes animals.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES A
ND PESTICIDES
The health effects of insecticides and pesticides can vary depending on t
he specific chemical used, the level of exposure, and individual suscepti
bility. Exposure to these chemicals can occur through various routes, inc
luding inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Here are some potential h
ealth effects associated with exposure to insecticides and pesticides:

1. Acute Poisoning: high or immediate exposure, individuals may experi

ence symptoms of acute poisoning, which can include nausea, vomiti
ng, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, muscle twitching, and, in se
vere cases, convulsions and unconsciousness.
2. Chronic Health Effects: Long-term exposure to low levels of pesticide
s and insecticides may lead to chronic health problems. These effects
can include neurological disorders, cancer, reproductive issues, and d
evelopmental problems in children.
3. Respiratory Effects: Inhaling pesticides can irritate the respiratory sy
stem, leading to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of
breath. This can be especially problematic for individuals with pre-exi
sting respiratory conditions, such as asthma.
1. Skin and Eye Irritation: Direct skin contact with pesticides can caus
e irritation, rashes, and allergic reactions. Pesticides that come into
contact with the eyes can lead to irritation, redness, and, in severe
cases, damage to the

ALTERNATIVES TO
INSECTICIDES AND PESTICIDES

There are several alternatives to traditional insecticides and pesticide

s that can help manage pests in a more sustainable and environmental
ly friendly manner. These alternatives are often collectively referred t
o as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Here are some of th
e most effective alternatives:

AIM: To study the presence of insecticides or pesticides (nitrogen

containing) in various fruits and vegetables.

THEORY: Nitrogen present in organic compounds is detected by LA

SSAIGNE’S TEST. The elements present in the compound are convert
ed from covalent form into the ionic form by fusing the compound wit
h sodium metal. Following reaction takes place:

Na + C + N NaCN
(Sodium cyanide)

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Mortar and pestle, beakers, funnel, glass rod, filter paper china dish, w
ater bath, tripod stand, fusion tube, knife, test tube. Samples of variou
s fruits and vegetables, alcohol, sodium metal, ferric chloride, ferrous
sulphate crystals, distilled water and dil. sulfuric acid.

PROCEDURE

1. Take different types of fruits and vegetables and cut them i

nto small pieces separately.

2. Take different beakers for each kind of fruits and vegetable

s and place the crushed fruits and vegetables in these beaker
s and add 100 ml of alcohol to each of these. Stir well and filte
r.
 3. Collect the filtrate in separate china dishes, Evaporate the
alcohol by heating the china dishes one by one over a water b
ath and let the residue dry in the oven.

4. Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it melts.

5. Then add one of the above residues from the china dish to t
his fusion tube and heat it till red hot.

6. Drop the hot fusion tube in a china dish containing about 1

0 ml of distilled water.

7. Break the tube and boil the contents of the china dish for a
bout 5 minutes.

8. Cool and filter the solution. Collect the filtrate.

9. To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous

sulphate solution and warm the contents. Then add 2-3 drops
of ferric chloride solution and acidify with dilute HCl.

10. If a blue or green ppt. or colouration is obtained it indicat

es the presence of nitrogen containing insecticides. 11. Repea
t the test of nitrogen for residues obtained from other fruits a
nd vegetables and record the observation.
 OBSERVATION
S.NO Name of the Test for the presence of i
fruit or vege presence of nsecticide or
table nitrogen pesticide res
idues

1. Apple positive yes

2. Brinjal positive yes

3. Tomato positive yes

4. Potato positive no