JAWAHAR NAVODAYA .

VIDYALAYA

SESSION-2023-24

NAME - SURAJ REGAR GUIDED BY:-

CLASS- 12 SCIENCE. MK RATHORIYA
ROLL NO.- 11645265. (PGT CHEMISTRY)

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 JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
HURDA BHILWARA

This is to certify that the original and genuine research work

is carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the
related data collection and has been completed solely and
satisfactorily by
SURAJ REGAR
OF CLASS 12TH SCIENCE, JAWAHAR NAVODAYA
VIDYALAYA BHILWARA REGARDING HIS PROJECT
TITLE
“TO ANALYZE THE AVAILABLE HONY FOR PRESENCE
OF DIFFERENT MINERALS AND CARBOHYDRATES”
PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE:
EXTERNAL EXAMINAER SIGNATURE:
TEACHER SIGNATURE:

No creation in this world is a solo effort, neither is

this project. From the person who takes print out and
Xerox copies of the draft to the student who
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present’s it, everyone has a role. In particular, I’d
like to thank:

 Respected Principal Sir, who is very helpful to

me on each and every moment. Please, continue
to give your support.
 God and my family members for their love and
their blessings.
 Respected Mr. RAJARAM SIR (PGT BIO.) for
his wonderful suggestions and their great
comments on the manuscript.

 AIM
 REQUIRMENT
 THEORY
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  PROCEDURE
 OBSERVATION TABLE
 RESULT
 BIBLOGRAPHY

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 To analyze the available honey for
presence of
Different minerals and carbohydrates.

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 APPARATUS

TEST TUBE
TEST TUBE STAN
BURNER
WATER BATH

CHEMICALS

FEHLING SOLUTION A
FEHLING SOLUTION B AMMONIUM
CHLORIDE SOLUTION AMMONIUM
OXALATE SOLUTION AMMONIUM
PHOSPHATE CONC.NITRIC ACID

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Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their larvae and for
the subsistence during winter.
Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in varying proportions.
It also contains several enzymes and OILS. The
color & flavor depends on the age of the honey and
the sources of the nectar .It colored honeys are
usually of higher quality than dark coloured
honeys. Other high grade honeys are made by bees
from orange blossoms, clover and Alfalfa. A well
known, poorer grade honey is produced from
buckwheat.

Honey has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg [1520

cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up moisture from the air
and is consequently used as a moistioning agent for
Tobacco and in baking. Glucose crystallizes out of
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honey on standing at room temperature, leaving on
uncrystallized layer of dissolved fructose. Honey to
be MARKETED is usually heated by a special
process to about 66oC [150.01 F] to dissolve the
crystals and is sealed to prevent crystallization. The
fructose in crystallized honey ferments readily at
about 160C.

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 TEST FO MINERALS
1. Test for Potassium:

2ml of honey is taken in a test

tube and picric acid solution is
added. Yellow precipitate
+.
indicates the presence of K

2. Test for Calcium:

2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution and NH4OH
solution are added to it. The solution is
filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of
ammonium oxalate solution is added.
White ppt. or milkiness indicates the
2+
presence of Ca ions.

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3. Test for Magnesium:
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution is added to it and
then excess of Ammonium phosphate
solution is added. The side of the test-
tube is scratched with a glass rod.
White precipitate indicates
2+
the presence of Mg ions.

4. Test for Iron:

2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and

a drop of conc. HNO3 is added and it is
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heated. It is cooled and 2-3 drops of
Potassium sulphocyanide solution is
added to it. Blood red colour shows the
presence of iron.

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES

1. Fehling`s test:

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2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
1ml each of Fehling`s solution A and
Fehling`s solution B are added to it and
boiled. Red precipitate indicates the
presence of reducing sugars.

2. Tollen`s test:

2-3 ml of aqueous solution of honey is

taken in a test tube. 2-3ml of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept
in a boiling water bath for about ten
minutes. A shining silver mirror
indicates the presence of reducing
carbohydrates.

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 Substance taken: Honey
SR . TESTS ODSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
1 TEST OF POTASSIUM:- YRLLOW PPT. IS POTASSIUM IS
HONY+PICRIC ACID OBSERVED PRESENT
SOLUTION
2 WHITE PPT. OR CALCIUM IS
MILKINESS IS NOT ABSENT
OBSERVED
TEST OF CALCIUM:-
HONY+NH4CL SOLN.
+NH4OH SOLN.
FILTED+ (NH4)2C2O4
3 WHITE PPT. IS NOT MAGNESIUM IS
TEST OF OBSERVED ABSENT
MAGNESIUM:-
HONY+NH4OH
(TILL SOLUTION
BECOMES
ALKALINE)

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 4 TEST OF IRON:- BLOOD RED IRON IS PRESENT
CONC. COLOUR IS
HNO3,HEATED AND OBSERVED
COOLED, +
POTASSIUM
SULPHOCYANIDE
5 FEHLING ‘S TEST:- RED PPT. IS REDUCING
HONEY + 1ML OBSERVED SUGAR IS
EACH OF PRESENT .
FEHLING’S
SOLUTION A AND
FEHLING’S
SOLUTION B
6 TOLLEN TEST’S :- SHINING REDUCING
HONEY + 2-3ML SILVER CARBOHYDRATE
TOLLEN ‘S MIRROR IS IS PRESENT
REAGENT , TEST OBSERVED
TUBE IN WATER
BATH FOR 10
MINUTES

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  Potassium is present.
 Iron is present.
 Calcium is absent.
 Magnesium is absent.
 Honey contains reducing sugar.

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