Delegate

Guide
Made by TNGMUN
TNGMUN
TNGMUN is a student-led, annual event upheld
and organized by the TNG MUN Club. The Model
United Nations is a series of programs run
throughout the country and the world with the
goals of furthering understanding about the
United Nations, educating participants about world
issues and promoting peace and the work of the
United Nations through cooperation and
diplomacy.
 CONTENTS OF THIS GUIDE
Here’s what you’ll find in this presentation:
*Slide numbers are placed in the brackets

1. Introduction to Model United Nations

2. Timeline of the conference
3. Roll Coll
4. Opening Speech
5. Resolutions
6. Lobbying & Merging
7. Debating
8. Voting
 What is model united nations?
- Model United Nations is an academic activity and educational simulation of
the United Nations.
- Students (known as delegates) role play as world leaders such as UN
ambassadors and they will represent delegations.
- MUN includes activities such as researching, debating, and coming up with
solutions towards real world issues with members of other countries.

Committee
A group/room of delegates
set to discuss particular types
of issues.
Delegations
The country that someone is
representing. For example,
the Delegate of USA is the
person representing the USA.
SOME KEYWORDS
House
A word to refer to all the
delegates in a committee,
Instead of saying “everyone”
we use “house”.
Podium / Floor
In MUN (not online), this is
where speakers will stand
when they are called up (the
floor also refers to the right to
speak).
Delegate
The student representing a
delegation. They take on the
role as a representative of a
country and debates to solve
a particular issue.
Chairs / Student Officers
The ones that runs a
committee and oversee the
debates.

- actions/tools delegates can use during the debate for certain reasons -
POINT OF PARLIAMENTARY INQUIRY
This is if you have any doubts
or questions about the MUN
procedures etc.
Motion to move to
previous question
This is if the debate is getting
a bit silent and dull and you
simply want to “move to the
next thing”.
POINTS AND Motions
Point of Information
POIs are basically questions
towards a delegate that is
speaking in the debate.
Motion to extend
debate time
If the debate is really lively and
fun, but time allotted for that
debate is running out, you can use
this motion to extend the time for
debating that specific issue.
POINT OF PERSONAL PRIVILEGE
These are essentially to
address any inconvenience. In
an online conference, it could
be that another delegate may
be inaudible for you.
Motion to divide the house
When there are too many
people abstaining (not voting)
in the voting procedures, you
can use this motion to re-do
the voting and forcing all
delegates to vote.
 How and when to use the points
The points as stated in the previous slide are:
- Points of Information:
- These will occur after a speech is made by a delegate. The chairs will ask the
speaker if they will accept any POIs and if they agree then another delegate may
ask a question (POI) towards the speaker.
- Points of Personal Privilege:
- These can be stated at any time during the conference.
- Points of Parliamentary Inquiry:
- These would work the same way as Points of Personal Privileges.
 How and when to use the Motions
Motions can be used whenever during the debate, you can simply shout out the motion.
Try to use motions in between speeches or when no one is speaking. Don’t shout out a motion
when a delegate is currently speaking!

You can use motions just by saying it out loud, just like:
“Motion to extend debate time!”

*Motion to divide the house may only be used during voting procedures.
 CONFERENCE TIMELINE

01 Opening
Ceremony
A brief introduction to our
02 Roll
Call
This is where delegates are
conference. called out for attendance.

03 Committee
session 1
Delegates will read out 04 Committee
session II
their Opening Speech and Delegates will merge
start lobbying resolutions with each other

05 Committee session
iii oNwards
Delegates will debate
06 Closing
ceremony
Awards ceremony and
the final resolutions conclusion.
 ROLL CALL
01 The chairS will say:
“House, please come to order,
we will now be taking roll call”
02 You can respond with:
“Present” or “Present and Voting”
“Present”
This is when the delegate is present in
the committee but they may not be
voting during the debate.
“Present and Voting”
This is when delegates are present in the
committee and they are going to be
voting during the debate.
 Opening
speech
Opening speeches are an opportunity to explain your
country's policy. They are important as they will help you
determine the countries you want to work with during the
lobbying and merging session. Keep your speech within 1 min,
1 min 30 sec max

Use statistics, rhetorical questions, emotive language, and

other rhetorical devices. Make it interesting!
 Writing an opening speech

An opening speech
should briefly contain
what your delegation
views on the issues
are and suggests
some general
solutions to the issue.
 Opening
speech help
https://munimpact.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/6.-Opening-Speeches_DW-Ser
ies-6.pdf
https://www.wisemee.com/mun-opening-speech/
Resolutions
A resolution is a document
proposing all the solutions to try
and resolve an issue.

It is mainly split into two parts: the

preambulatory clauses and the
operative clauses. But it also has a
header.
 The parts of a resolution
Header
Forum/Committee: The committee you are in.

Issue/Question of: The problem or topic from your committee that you’ve chose to write your resolution on.

Main Submitter: The delegate that will represent the final resolution that have been produced by multiple
delegates merging their resolutions,

Co-Submitters: The other delegates who helped in producing the final resolution.
 The parts of a resolution
Preambulatory clause
These should provide relevant background information and previous attempts to solve the issue. They are
placed after the header and before the operative clauses.

For TNGMUN, all delegates are expected to write at least 3 preambulatory clauses each.

All preambulatory clauses must be started with an italicised preambulatory phrase (see next slide) and should
each end with a comma.

Begin each one

with an italicised
preambulatory
phrase

End each one

with a comma ;
 Preambulatory phrases examples
Affirming Fully alarmed Noting with satisfaction
Alarmed by Fully aware Noting further
Aware of Fully believing Noting with approval
Bearing in mind Further deploring Observing
Believing Further recalling Reaffirming
Confident Guided by Realising
Contemplating Having adopted Recalling
Convinced Having considered Recognising
Declaring Having considered further Referring
Deeply concerned Having devoted attention Seeking
Deeply conscious Having examined Taking into account
Deeply convinced Having heard Taking into consideration
Deeply disturbed Having received Taking note
Desiring Emphasising Having studied Viewing with appreciation
Expecting Keeping in mind Welcoming
Expressing its appreciation Noting with regret
Fulfilling Noting with deep concern
 The parts of a resolution
Operative clause
These should provide a detailed solution to resolve the issue or a way to improve a solution that was
previously implemented. They are placed after the preambulatory clauses.

For TNGMUN, all delegates are expected to write at least 2 operative clauses each.

Delegates must begin each operative clause with an underlined operative phrase, and end each operative
clause with a semicolon (or colon if you wish to include sub clauses); the final operative clause however, ends
in a full stop
 Operative phrases examples
Accepts Endorses Further requests
Affirms Expresses its appreciation Further resolves
Approves Expresses its hope Has resolved
Authorises Further invites Notes
Calls Deplores Proclaims
Calls upon Designates Reaffirms
Condemns Draws the attention Recommends
Confirms Emphasises Regrets
Congratulates Encourages Reminds
Considers Endorses Requests
Declares accordingly Expresses its appreciation Solemnly affirms
Deplores Expresses its hope Strongly condemns
Designates Further invites Supports
Draws the attention Further proclaims Takes note of
Emphasises Further reminds Transmits
Encourages Further recommends Trusts
Example
End with a colon :
if you are going to
Begin each one write sub clauses
with a bold and
underlined
operative phrase

End each one

with a
semicolon ;
 Use the 5 w!

WHAT type of solution is used?

WHO is involved? (e.g. parties, organizations, countries…)
WHY should this solution be implemented?
WHEN will the solution be implemented?
WHERE will it be implemented?
 Example
resolutions
Example 1:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oU0AQGBIBKMBCvkePF_OZ7JlWGbITu7wuI8R
NKRaXPs/edit?usp=sharing

Example 2:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j3mRUnjjcPUCHbhDyAn3fEKV7LTiWkeA7Cfzj_
BsUg0/edit?usp=sharing
 MERGING
What is merging?
Delegates doing the same issue come together to make teams and merge their
draft resolutions to make 1 big resolution. There will be a main submitter that will
be chosen amongst the delegates. The rest will be called the co-submitters of the
resolution. The main submitter will have to make a speech about their resolution
at the start of the debate. They will have to talk about why their resolution is
good, it should convince the other delegation to why it should be implemented,
 The
Debate
Delegates debate about the 1 issue presented in
each committee. The debates will be about the
resolutions, you talk about whether your country
agree with the solutions of a resolution or not,
and whether you recommend the house to vote
for/against the resolution.
Delegates must also always be talking, debating,
requesting anything to the chair and not directly
to the other delegates themselves. Remember
the committee room is referred to as a “house”.
So when you need to address everyone just say
“The delegate believes that this house needs to..”
The Debate
01) When to debate
During the debate sessions. The chairs
will ask “The floor is now open for any
delegates wishing to speak for/against
this resolution as a whole. If there are any
such delegates, please raise your hands
now.” Raise your hands if you want to
speak.
02) How to debate
In the debate you are essentially trying to
persuade the other delegations on
whether you believe the resolution being
debated should be passed or not. By
passing, it means that the solutions in the
reso are going to be implemented.
03) Questions / POI
After your speech, the chairs will ask you
if you are open to any points of
information (questions). You may state a
specific number, none, or “any and all”
which means any number of point of
informations.
04) Yielding the floor
Once you are done with your speech and
point of informations. The chairs will ask
you “Does the delegate yield the floor
back to the chair”.
You can reply with “so yield it” if you are
done with your speech. Or you may yield
the floor to another delegate.
 “The delegate believes
THE that…” not “I believe that”

DEBATE “Can the chairs ask the

delegate of India to
rephrase their
In MUN, delegates are to refrain from using question?…”
personal pronouns such as “he, she, me, you,
I, we, our his hers” etc. Delegates must talk
talk in 3rd person.
“Can the delegate of
India explain…”
Voting Procedures
What is voting?
Voting, in MUN, is when the delegates
choose whether their country agree to
implement a resolution or not. Voting
occurs once each debate ends and all
delegates have to vote.
Voting “against”
Voting “against” a resolution is when
you disagree with the solutions
proposed by a resolution, and that
your delegation believes that the
resolution should not be put into
place.
Voting “For”
Voting “for” a resolution essentially
means that you are agreeing with a
resolution and to implement it.
Abstaining
This is simply when you are not voting
“for” nor “against” a resolution. A
delegate may call for a “motion to
divide the house” which would force
all abstaining delegates to also vote
either “for”or “against”.
Need More help?
MUN procedures:
https://youtu.be/zhFfZSkMp2s

Debating:
https://youtu.be/U8mE-jRS7tQ

Delegate resources:
https://drive.google.com/drive/f
olders/1IDxdUbX5X3tQN09e1
dtoJKcr2p5aUjGs?usp=sharing
Thank You for joining
TNGMUN!