UNR1102 - Creativity and innovation

Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky

Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)

Fall 2023 Semester

AASTMT - Alexandria
Concept Map
 What is a concept
map?
A concept map is a diagram that shows
concepts’ relationships.

Most concept maps show ideas as boxes

or circles (called nodes) connected by
lines or arrows (also called arcs).

These lines have linking words and

phrases that clarify topics.

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 Concept maps vs Mind maps

Mind maps Concept maps

Symbolize underlying knowledge, such as a theory or
Used to develop internal concepts.
concept, which is mostly external.

Represent a broader variety of tasks and concepts, Represent academic knowledge, hence their use is
therefore their use is more adaptable. formal.

Contain a single word, phrase, or image in the center of Include general knowledge at the top and related
the map, with related ideas spreading outward. concepts underneath.

Show topics with cross-linking and multiple

Show themes with a single parent and multiple children.
relationships.

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Key features of concept maps

Concept maps have specific

characteristics that differentiate
them from other visual tools:
• Concept
• Linking words/phrases
• Propositional structure
• Hierarchical structure
• Focus question
• Parking lot
• Cross-links

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Key features of concept
maps - Concept

Concepts are defined as

abstract thoughts that
originate from conscious
cognitive processes that can
occur without sensory stimuli.

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Key features of concept maps
- Linking words or phrases
On the lines connecting concepts in a
concept map are linking words or phrases
that describe the relationship between two
concepts.

They are brief and contain verbs. Examples:

"causes," "includes," and "needs."

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Key features of concept maps
- Propositional structure
Propositions, also called semantic
units, are two or more concepts
linked by linking words.

Concept maps visually represent a

series of propositions about a
topic.

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Key features of concept maps
- Hierarchical structure

General, inclusive concepts are at the

top of a concept map, with
specialized, exclusive concepts below.

A concept map reads top to bottom.

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Key features of concept
maps - Focus question
A focus question defines the concept map's problem.

Creating a focus question helps steer and sustain the

path of your concept map.

The focus question should be at the top of the

concept map's hierarchical structure as a reference
point.

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Key features of concept
maps - Parking lot
Before beginning your concept map, it can be
beneficial to list the main concepts that need to be
included.

Create a list from the most general to the most

detailed.

This list is called a parking lot because you'll place

objects on the map as you figure out where they
go.

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Key features of concept
maps - Cross-links

Cross-links show how concepts in

different domains are connected.

Cross-links and hierarchical structure

promote creative thinking, and they
often signify creative moments.

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 Identify key terms or concepts for your map.

Arrange ideas to best reflect the information.

How to
create a Enclose an important term or concept in a circle or
concept oval.

map?
Use single or double arrows to link related terms.

Label the relationship’ link between two related

terms with a word or phrase.

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 Reviewing
knowledge
Learning &
retention
Increased
productivity Where to
use concept
Better
presentations
Clear
hierarchy
Visualizing
outcomes maps to
maximize
Ongoing
Quick
interpretation
professional
development
creativity?

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How can a concept map help?
Consolidates and absorbs knowledge during the learning process.

Defines knowledge that exists in your head but hasn’t been formally documented.

Integrates new and old concepts to better grasp the big picture.

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Encourages collaborative brainstorming and creative thinking.

Fosters discovery of new concepts and their connections.

Provides clear communication of complex ideas to assess understanding.

Identifies areas that need further knowledge or review.

© Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky 2023

 Vee
Diagram
What is the Vee diagram?

A Vee diagram, named because

of its shape, is a visual
representation of a complex
analysis.
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Why do we use the Vee diagram?

The Vee diagram promotes It's useful for multi-layered

understanding between what concepts in educational
is observable or known and settings to enhance students'
what needs to be understood thinking abilities and attitudes
or done. toward deeper thought.

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 V diagram works as "thinking" and "doing". It starts with
drawing a big V.

Using a Vee diagram begins with a focusing question and

then develops along doing and thinking pathways.

Implementation
of a Vee diagram Students write conceptual information “thinking” on the
left side of the V and experiment, while the project or
problem statement stages “doing” are on the right.

The diagram's middle contains the process's focus

question(s), which is a dynamic bridge between known
knowledge and action-based estimations.

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 Advantages

• This is a highly disciplined model and phases are

completed one at a time.
• This model emphasizes verification and validation
Advantages early, increasing the likelihood of an error-free,
high-quality result.
and • It enables project managers to track progress
accurately.
disadvantages
of V diagram Disadvantages

• It is not suitable for projects where requirements

are not clear and contains a high risk of changing.
• It does not support the iteration of phases.
• It does not easily handle simultaneous events.

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Software development general model
Acceptance Test Plan
User Requirements Acceptance Testing

System Test Plan

Soft Application System Testing

Integration Test Plan

High-Level Design Integration Testing
Unit Test
Plan
Detailed Design Unit Testing

Design Phase Coding Testing Phases

Verification Phase Validation Phase

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Vee diagram example – Software development model
Design phase – Verification phase
Requirement
Analysis Requirement analysis: This phase involves communicating
with the customer to understand their needs and
expectations.
System
Design
System design: This phase includes system design, hardware
setup, and communication.
Architecture
Design

Architectural design: Modules with diverse functions break

down system design. The data transit between internal
Module modules and the outside world (other systems) is clear.
Design

Module design: This phase splits the system into modules.

Coding
Low-Level Design (LLD) specifies module details.

Time © Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky 2023 22

Vee diagram example – Software development model
Testing phases – Validation phase
Acceptance Test Design User
Requirement
Acceptance
Analysis
Testing (UAT) Unit testing: Module design includes unit test planning. Unit
test plans eliminate code or unit-level bugs.
System Test Design
System System
Design Testing
Integration testing: Modules are combined, then the system is
tested. Integrated testing occurs during architecture design.
Integration Test
The test confirms module communications.
Architecture Design Integration
Design Testing

System testing: System testing tests an application's

Unit Test functionality and communication. It also tests the application's
Module Design non-functional requirements.
Unit Testing
Design

User acceptance testing (UAT): UAT is done in a production-

Coding like setting. UAT ensures the provided system satisfies user
needs and is ready for real-world use.

Time © Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky 2023 23

HOW CREATIVE
ARE YOU?
STRETCH YOUR MIND
IN A GROUP
Exercise one – Advertising - Storyboard

Storyboarding can be a particularly useful creative exercise for

telling a coherent and interesting story.

Rather than presenting the story in paragraphs, draw each

scene in a series of small, rectangular boxes, like a comic strip.

You might discover a useful new step in the process that you
hadn't considered.

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Storyboard Example

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“Creativity can solve almost any
problem. The creative act, the
defeat of habit by originality,
overcomes everything.” George
Lois, 1931, Art Director and
Author