Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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TRUE/FALSE
2. According to Deming’s philosophy, a bad batch of material purchased from a supplier is an example of
a common cause of variation.
3. A system governed only by common causes is stable and its performance can be predicted.
6. Juran advocates the accounting and analysis of quality costs to focus attention on quality problems.
8. Crosby placed more emphasis on management and organizational processes for changing corporate
culture and attitudes than on the use of statistical techniques.
9. The Deming Award recognizes U.S. companies that excel in quality management practice and
performance.
10. The Baldrige Criteria for performance excellence consist of a non-hierarchical set of categories, items,
and areas to address.
11. In the Baldrige award evaluation process, to help examiners understand the context of the
organization, applicants are required to provide a Performance Profile, which is basically a snapshot of
the organization that describes the organizational environment.
12. Deployment refers to the extent to which an approach is applied to all requirements of the item.
13. Sustainability refers to an organization’s ability to address current business needs and to have the
agility and strategic management to prepare successfully for the future.
14. The 10 major categories of the Deming prize are further divided into “checking points.”
15. For companies that apply for the Deming prize but do not qualify, the examination process is
automatically extended up to three times over four years.
17. Enablers are the means by which an organization approaches its business responsibilities.
18. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has adopted ISO standards in the United States.
19. The ISO 9004:2009 document includes the fundamentals and vocabulary of the ISO standards.
20. ISO 9001:2008 provides background information and establishes definitions of key terms used in the
standards.
21. The concept of Six Sigma is facilitated through use of basic and advanced quality improvement and
control tools by teams whose members are trained to provide fact-based decision-making information.
22. The origin of the term Six Sigma came from a statistical measure that equates to 6.4 or fewer errors or
defects per million opportunities.
23. Google pioneered the concept of Six Sigma as an approach to measuring product and service quality.
After seven months of pregnancy the fœtus has all the conditions
for breathing and exercising its digestion. It may then be separated
from its mother, and change its mode of existence. Child-birth rarely,
however, happens at this period: most frequently the fœtus remains
two months longer in the uterus, and it does not pass out of this
organ till after the revolution of nine months.
Examples are related of children being born after ten full months
of gestation; but these cases are very doubtful, for it is extremely
difficult to know the exact period of conception. The legislation in
France, however, has fixed the principle, that child-birth may take
place up to the two hundred and ninety-ninth day of pregnancy.
Nothing is more curious than the mechanism by which the fœtus is
expelled; everything happens with wonderful precision; all seems to
have been foreseen, and calculated to favor its passage through the
pelvis and the genital parts.
The physical causes that determine the exit of the fœtus are the
contraction of the uterus and that of the abdominal muscles; by their
force the liquor amnii flows out, the head of the fœtus is engaged in
the pelvis, it goes through it, and soon passes out by the valve, the
folds of which disappear; these different phenomena take place in
succession, and continue a certain time; they are accompanied with
pains more or less severe; with swelling and softening of the soft
parts of the pelvis and external genital parts, and with an abundant
mucous secretion in the cavity of the vagina. All these circumstances,
each in its own way, favor the passage of the fœtus. To facilitate the
study of this action, it may be divided into several periods.
The first period of child-birth.—It is constituted by the precursory
signs. Two or three days before child-birth a flow of mucus takes
place from the vagina, the external genital parts swell and become
softer; it is the same with the ligaments that unite the bones of the
pelvis; the mouth of the womb flattens, its opening is enlarged, its
edges become thinner; slight pains, known under the name of flying
pains, are felt in the loins and abdomen.
Second period.—Pains of a peculiar kind come on; they begin in
the lumbar region, and seem to be propagated towards the womb or
the rectum; and are renewed only after intervals of a quarter or half
an hour each. Each of them is accompanied with an evident
contraction of the body of the uterus, with tension of its neck and
dilatation of the opening; the finger directed into the vagina
discovers that the envelopes of the fœtus are pushed outward, and
that there is a considerable tumor, which is called the waters; the
pains very soon become stronger, and the contraction of the uterus
more powerful; the membranes break, and a part of the liquid
escapes; the uterus contracts on itself, and is applied to the surface of
the fœtus.
Third period.—The pains and contractions of the uterus increase
considerably; they are instinctively accompanied by the contraction
of the abdominal muscles. The woman who is aware of their effect is
inclined to favour them, by making all the muscular efforts of which
she is capable: her pulse then becomes stronger and more frequent;
her face is animated, her eyes shine, her whole body is in extreme
agitation, and perspiration flows in abundance. The head descends
into the lower strait of the pelvis.
Fourth period.—After some moments of repose the pains and
expulsive contractions resume all their activity; the head presents
itself at the vulva, makes an effort to pass, and succeeds when there
happens to be a contraction sufficiently strong to produce this effect.
The head being once disengaged, the remaining parts of the body
easily follow, on account of their smaller volume. The section of the
umbilical cord is then made, and a ligature is put around it at a short
distance from the umbilicus or navel.
Fifth period.—If the midwife has not proceeded immediately to the
extraction of the placenta after the birth of the child, slight pains are
felt in a short time, the uterus contracts freely, but with force enough
to throw off the placenta and the membranes of the ovum; this
expulsion bears the name of delivery. During the twelve or fifteen
days that follow child-birth the uterus contracts by degrees upon
itself, the woman suffers abundant perspirations, her breasts are
extended by the milk that they secrete; a flow of matter, which takes
place from the vagina, called lochia, first sanguiferous, then whitish,
indicates that the organs of the woman resume, by degrees, the
disposition they had before conception.
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR.