LESSON 1

Ethics VS Morality
✔Recognize the nature of the basic units
of Ethics and Morality, and philosophical
reasoning.
✔Differentiate Morality and Ethics
What is ETHICS?
“Ethos” - Character
⮚ A branch of philosophy that consists
of the fundamental issues of practical
decision making, and its major
concerns on the nature of ultimate
value and the standards by which
human actions can be judged as right
or wrong. It is concerned with
knowing what is right and wrong.
DESCRIPTIVE “What do people think is right?”

NORMATIVE “How should people act?”

META “What does 'right' even mean?”

“How do we take moral knowledge and

APPLIED
put it into practice?”

Branches of Ethics
 THEORIES OF ETHICS
VIRTUE ETHICS
• Focuses on the inherent character of a person. Making a
decision in light of those favored virtues.
DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS
• Identifying one’s duty and acting accordingly.
TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS
• Also known as Utilitarian Ethics. Making a decision
based on what will benefit the majority.
“People will naturally do
what is good provided that
they know what is right,
and that evil or
bad actions are purely
the result of Ignorance.”
-Socrates
What is MORALITY?
“mos/mores” - Custom

⮚ It refers to the extent to which an

action is considered right or wrong. It
concerns the recognition of the
inherent values of people (culture and
religion), a value that is not reducible
to how others benefit us.
 MORAL NON-Moral

Norm Unrelated to
moral
Values considerations
Morally
Acceptable Not subject to
Rules moral judgement

STANDARDS
IMmoral UNmoral Amoral
Conscientiously NO moral NO CONCERN
Going AGAINST perception WITHOUT
INTENT of Nonhuman or morals
Evilness inanimate things
END of Lesson 1
Q&A
LESSON 2
Moral Dilemmas
& Moral Development
✔Recognize the nature of the basic units
of Morality and philosophical reasoning;
✔Justify the significance of Morality on a
personal and societal level.
 MORAL EXPERIENCE

MOR MO
MO CON ACT
AL RAL MO
RAL TINU ION
CON
DEF OUS RAL
SCI VAL PRO ORI
OUS INIT IDE
UE CES ENT
NES ION ALS
S S ED
S S
MORAL PRINCIPLES
Associated with a fixed set of rules that ignores the
complexities of the situation and fails to adapt one’s
behavior to changing circumstances. It is a general
sense of what ought to be done.

DILEMMAS
Experiences where an agent is confused about the right
decision to make because there are several
competing values that are seemingly equally important
and urgent.
A. PERSONAL DILEMMA
B. MORAL DILEMMA
MORAL ACTIONS
For an action to be morally good, all three
determinates must be complete. A lack, in any
of them, will, at least in a qualified way, make
the morality of the act to be bad.

A. OBJECT OF THE ACT

B. INTENTION OF THE ACT
C. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE ACT
END of Lesson 2
Q&A
Prepared BY:
ANALYN A. ROSARIO, LPT