Gram Positive Bacteria Bacilli

Spore forming
Non-spore forming
Anaerobic
Cocci catalase -, dismutase - Aerobic
  

(Bacillus)

   


    
   
      
      
Catalase + Facultative Catalase - 

   
  
Staphylococcus anaerobes Streptococcus      
     
    
   

   
 


  
  

  
  

   


Hemolysis  
    

  
  
 
Coagulase + Coagulase -   
 
coats cells with fibrin  
 
 antiphagocytic  


  - none  
  - partial  – complete 

 
  
  

 
   
     
    
   
    


     
      
      
           
       
   
   
     
     
   
  
     
  
  
  Anaerobic
    
 
       (Clostridium)
  
      Catalase &
 
    Dismutase -
 
 
    
 
  
 
  
  
   
 
 
 
 
  


    
  
  
 


   
  
   

  

 
 
  

    
       
  
 
 
 
  

 

 

 
 
 

 Non/Poorly Gram Staining Bacteria
Non-Gram Staining Poorly Gram Staining
(No cell wall)
(Triple layered membrane)


  Spirochetes

 
 Rickettsiae

  
     
    
  
   
  
  
  
 
  
    
  
  
 
 
    
 
       
 
      Rickettsia 
  
     Gram -, obligate
 
      intracellular, infects 
 
    vascular endothelium 
  
   
  
  
 
   
 
    
  
  

  
  
 
 
 

  
   
   
  

   
 
    
 
   
 
   
 
    
  
 

Acid-Fast Organisms

 Chlamydia
Small, nonmotile, obligate intra-
 cellular bacteria (needs ATP/NAD from host),
 Gram – but no peptidoglycan


 Mycobacteria
Slim, weakly gram +
 non-motile, intracellular Nocardia
 resistant to desiccation
  obligate aerobes 
 
 
 60% lipids in cell wall (mycolic acid)
   
   
 
 
 
 
  

  
 
    
 
  
   
  
  
 
  
   
  
   
 
   
 
    
 
  
 
 
   
 
  
 
  

 
 

 






 Bacilli
Gram Negative Bacteria (covered in Gram –
Cocci bacilli section)
Neisseria
Intracellular &
in pairs, Oxidase +


 Fusiform Bacillus

 

 
Curved Rods

  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
    
    
  Facultative 
 
  Micro-aerophilic 
  anaerobe
  
  

  

  Coccobacilli 

   
   
       
     
  

    
    

   

 

      
 
    

    
  

  
    
       
      
     

      

     

     

    
 
   
  
  
   
 
   

    
    

    

    
    

    

  
  

   
 
   


  


 
  
  
 


 






 Gram Neg Bacilli Anaerobic Strict
Anaerobe
Aerobic

Facultative 

anaerobes 
 
  

 
  
 
   Enterobacteriaciae 

    All ferment glucose, 
   Reduce nitrate to nitrites, 
    
Oxidase -
    
  

 
 
 
   
     
  
   
    
 
     
  
     
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
  
    
   Salmonella
   
   Motile, produces H2S,
   
    intracellular, infects
    
    reticuloendothelial system,
     
  
  Lactose (-)
   
    
  
   
    
  
   
 

 

   
 

  
   
   
  
    
 
   
 
    
  
   
 
  

  
 
  
 
 
 
   





 
 








Hepadnaviridae
Hepatitis B
On Separate Page







































 
 
  







Enveloped DNA Viruses (HHAPPy viruses) Non-Enveloped (Naked) - (PAP)
Double-Stranded Double-Stranded Single-Stranded

 Icosohedral Icosohedral


Icosohedral Complex

 Parvoviridae
  Linear (-) genome
 

 



 

 

 

 



Herpesviridae Poxviridae  
Latency, Envelope  Circular genome
  
from Nuc. Membrane
  
  
  
 
 
   

 


    
 
   
 
    
 
   
  
 
  
  
  
   
  
     
  
  
   
  
 
   Papovaoviridae Adenoviridae
 
   Circular genome Linear genome
   
 
  

    
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
  
  

   
 
  
 
  °  
 
  
 
   
 
   
  
   
  
 , 
  
  
  
  
    
 
  
 
  
    
    
   
 
 
   
  °   
  
  

   
   
  
 
 Negative-Stranded (-)
Rhabdoviridae RNA Viruses Deltavirus
“Bullet shaped” Hepatitis D
Linear genome On Separate Page
Enveloped



 Orthomyxoviridae
Segmented genome
 Arenaviridae
 Circular genome

 
  

 
  

 
  °  
 
   

   ° ° 

    

     

    
 ° 
K   
  
   °
  
 
    
  
   

    L  

   
  
   
 
   
 Paramyxoviridae 
    
 Replication occurs 
    
 entirely in cytoplasm 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
  

 

  ° 
  
Filoviridae  
 
“Thread shaped” Bunyaviridae  
Linear genome Circular genome 
  

 
 
 ° 
 
 

    

  
  
  
    
 
    

 
    
 
  
 
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
   °
 
   
 
   

  
  
   °
   
  
  
 
   
 
   
L
   

 
 
 
 

 








 
 
 
 Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
Double-Stranded

Caliciviridae (+) Positive-Stranded

Retroviridae Naked
HIV
 On separate page
Naked Enveloped

 Reoviridae


  Coronaviridae Togaviridae
 Envelope contains spike Replication occurs
glycoprotein that give the 
 entirely in cytoplasm
appearance of a crown
 
Hepeviridae 
 Hepatitis E 
 On Separate Page     
     

   
 
   
 
  
  
 
   
 ° 
 °    
  
  
   
 
     
 
 ° 
 
  
  
  
   
  
   
 L 
  
  
 
Picornaviridae  
 
“Small Viruses”  
 
 
   
 
 
   
  
   
Flaviviridae
Vector transmitted 
    (arthropod borne – 
 °   arboviruses)

    
   
  

 ° 

  

°  °
   
 

    

°   
  
  
  
   
  
°   
  
°  
   
 
    
 
   
 
    
  
   
 
  

      ° 

   
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
   
 
  
 
  
 

 

 


 

  

 Retroviridae
Latency, provirus serves as Hepatitis Viruses
template for replication

 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
  
 
  
  
 
  
  K   
  
  
  
   
   
  
   
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
 



















Dermatophytes; Septate hyaline hyphae
Epidermophyton
Skin & Nails

































Cutaneous
Microsporum Trichophyton
Hair & Skin Hair, Skin, & Nails









 














Ringworm

 













 

 






 
 
  

 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 









Fungal Infections Systemic
All thermally dimorphic
Inhaled spores
Subcutaneous
Traumatic implantation;    
May spread via lymphatics    
   
   
     
    
   
    
   
  
   
  
  
  
     
  
   
     
   
 
   
    
 
  
    
    
    
    
     
   
     
   
  
     

   
 

   
   
  
 
    
   
 
  
  
  
   
   
 
   
   
  
  
  

    
 
   Candida
    
 
   
 
   
  
Opportunists  



Molds Yeasts 


Zygomycetes Aspergillus Cryptococcus Pneumocystis 



 
   
   
      
  
   
   
 
    
     
     
  
   
   
  
     
   
     
   
    
   
   
     
     
  
  
   
   
   
 
      
     
    
 
    
     
 
   
   
    
    

   
  
     
   
 
 Intestinal
Protozoa Non-Intestinal


Single-celled eukaryotes 


Amebas Flagellates Sporozoa Sporozoa 


            
 
    

    
     
  
      
  
      
   
       
  
     
   
       
   
    
   
       
       
 
     
   
     
   
      
   
     
  
     
 
     
  
   
 
   
   
    
   
     
     
    
      
      
     
  
 
   
     
     

  
     
        
    
     
    
      
    
 
 
 
   
 
  


 
 
Amebas Flagellates  
 


 

     
 
   
     
     
     
    
  
  
 
    
    
    
  
     

   
    
     
    
    
 
      

  
     
    
 
   

 
  
   
  
  
 
 

 Helminths Nematodes
Macroscopic multicellular worms with On Another Page
differentiated tissues, complex organ systems

Trematodes Cestodes
“Flukes”, blind alimentary canal, dorsal “Tapeworms”, long, flattened body,
and ventral suckers proglottid body segments, no gut

          
  
   
       
       
      

      
  
   
   
   
        
      
      
    
        
    
    
   
   
   
  
   
 
       
    
    
      
        
   

    
  
  
   
 
   
    
   
    
   
   
 
 

 

 
 
 















 

 



  

Helminths
 Macroscopic multicellular worms with
 differentiated tissues, complex organ systems



       
 
   
      
      
     
     
      
    
  
      
    
      
      
     
      
  
   
    
   
  
  
   
   
  
  
 
 
 

  Nematodes

“Roundworms”, wormlike, tubular
alimentary tract, round cross-section

Ectoparasites

         
  
     
        
        
         
        
       
      
       
       
      
        
       
       
       
        
      
     
       
       
     
      
      
      
      
       
    
   
    
      
   
 
  
   
  
 
  
 
 Skin/Soft-Tissue Infection

Necrotizing Exfoliating/
Pustular Lesions Impetigo Fasciitis Cellulitis Desquamating

  

  
 Non-Bullous Bullous   Strep TSS SSSS Staph. TSS
 
  
       
      
 
     
  
   
    
  
    
 
      
       
       
        
   
    
    
     
     
     
      
   
    
  
 
   Animal Bite Surgical
 

Bone/Joint Infection 

Wound 
 Infections
 

 

 

 
Osteomyelitis Septic Arthritis  Traumatic



 Burns
 
Acute Chronic  
 
  
 
 
   Human Bite
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
   
↑ 
 
↑↑ 
  

  
  
  
  
 

Gonococcal
 Lyme Arthritis Arthritis Prosthetic Joint
 
↑ 
↑ 
   

   

  
   

   

    

   

 



  

  

 
  

  

 



 Cardiac Infections CNS Infections

Myocarditits Pericarditis Septic Encephalitis Brain CNS Shunt Other

thrombophlebitis Abscess

   

      
   
 ↓     
     
   
↑     
     
      
  
  
     
 
   
     
    
  
  
 
  
  
  
  Infective Endocarditis   
 
  
 
  

  

Acute IE    

      

   

    
    
    
    
      
   
     
   
   
 
   Meningitis
 
Subacute IE  
 
   
  
  
  
     Acute Aseptic Chronic
  Purulent
 
  
     
   ↑↑   ↓  
  ↑↑↑   ↓ 
  ↓↓  ↑ ↑↑
    ↓ 

    

   
 
   
 
   

    

   

   

     

    

   

     
   

  

   
 
    

  
   

     

     

   

  

   
   
  
 
 
 


Inflammatory







 

























 

 Foodborne Pathogens

 Not Causing GE





 

















Gastroenteritis (GE)


Urinary Tract Infection
Acute GE Subacute/Chronic GE
Uncomplicated UTI Complicated UTI Diagnosis /
Treatment

Noninflammatory 
  
      
   
     
    
   
    
   
  
   
    
    
 
 
  
   

    
   
   
   
   
  
 
  
 
Viral Bacterial   

 
 
 
 
    
   
  
  


 

  
  
  
    

 

 

 
 
  
 Lower UTI Upper UTI Prostatitis


“Cystitis” “Pyelonephritis”


 Acute Chronic
 
  
  
   
     
     

    
     

    

   
    
   
  
   
 
 














 Intra-Abdominal Infections

Intra- Retro-Peritoneal Biliary

Peritoneal  Tract


Diffuse Localized Hematogenous Direct Acute Acute

(abscess) Extension Cholecystitis Cholangitis


    
 Intra- Visceral  
  
Peritoneal    
   
   
 
    
 
 
  
  
 
  
    
   
   
    
  
  ↑

   
  
  
 


 Steps in 

  Management
 
Primary 
“Spontaneous” Secondary 
 
 
   
    
   
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 

   
  
  
   ↑
  
 

 
 


 

 Respiratory Tract Infections

Upper and Middle Lower Respiratory

Respiratory Tract Tract
Continued on other page

Common Cold Influenza-like Pharyngitis Mouth Ear Sinus Laryngeal or Cough

Syndromes Syndromes Syndromes Syndromes Syndromes Syndromes Tracheal Syndromes
Syndromes
      
     
 
   
   
   
        
       
       
       
       

     
   
    
  
    
 
    
 
    
       
       
       
       
     
    
    
 
   
 
   
     
    
       
    
    
    
   
  
  
    
  
 
   
   
  
   
  
   
   
  
   
   
 
  
    
 

 

 

   

 
 
 

 




 Lower Respiratory Tract

Fungal Lung Abscess Empyema Bronchitis Tuberculosis


    
   
    
   

    

    

   

   

   

   

   

  
 Pneumonia
  Most common infection related mortality, predisposed
  
 by extremes of age, institutionalization, underlying
   disease, caused by inhalation, aspiration, or
   bacteremic seeding

  
   
   
   
   
   
  Influenza Community- Nosocomial Atypical
   Acquired

 

    
    
    
    
  
   
   
   
Pneumocystis    

    
    
    
    
      
     
    
    
    
      
     

    
    
   
   
   
   
    
  
  
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 

 Sexually Transmitted
Diseases

Urethritis Cervicitis Vulvovaginitis Genital Ulcer Other STDs

Most common STD Most common STD in women,
in men, GU 2x more sexually active adolescent
common than NGU girls at highest risk, “silent
in U.S.
Gonococcal Non-gonococcal
urethritis urethritis
 
 
 
 
 
 
  

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 




partner” of male urethritis













 























Disease (GUD)
Vulvovaginal Bacterial Trichomoniasis  
candidiasis vaginosis 15-20% 
20-25% 30-45% 
 
  
 
    
     
   
    
  
   

    
     

 
 
    

    

   

   

  
  

   
   

   

   
 
     

  

  

 

 



 
 

  
 
 
 
  

 
 






 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
