Topics to be covered:

1. Percentage
2. Ration and proportions
3. Mensurations
4. HCF & LCM of numbers
5. Tabulation’s/ Bar Graphs/ Pie Chart/ Line Graphs
6. Statistics
1.Sampling
2.Measure of central tendency
3.Frequency Distribution
4.Dispersion
5.Skewness & Peakedness
6.Corelation & Regressioon

1. Percentage
One part in every hundred
𝑥
Thus, x% = 100

10 1
10% = = 10 = 0.1
100

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
% or Percentage = * 100
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Cases:
A. If a certain value P increases by x%, then
The increased value = (100+x) % of P

B. If a certain value P decreases by x%, then

Decreased value = (100 - x) % of P

1(a). A is 40% less than b, and c is 40% of the sum of A and B. The difference between A and B is
what percentage of C?
a) 60.5% b) 64% c) 62.5% d) 60%

1(b). The difference between the value of a number increased by 25% and the value of the original
number decreased by 30% is 22. What is the original number?
a) 10 b) 20 c) 30 d) 40

1(c). Peter got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Paul
who took the same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the
passing marks. What is the passing mark of the examination?
a) 65 b) 75 c) 85 d) 95

Cases:
 C. If a price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to
increase the expenditure is
𝑅
[ ∗ 100]%
100+𝑅

D. If the Price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so as not to
decrease the expenditure is
𝑅
[100−𝑅 ∗ 100]%

1
1(d). If A earns 33 3 % more than B, how much percent does B earn less than A?
a) 15% b) 25% c) 35% d) 45%

1(e). If A’s salary is 30% less than B, how much percent is B’s salary more than that of A?
6 6 6 6
a) 41 7% b) 42 7 % c) 43 7 % d) 44 7%

1(f). Distribution of students according to professional courses:

Students
Courses English Math
Males Females Males Females
Part time MBA 30 10 50 10
Full time MBA
150 8 16 6
only
CA only 90 10 37 3
Full time MBA
70 2 7 1
& CA
340 30 110 20

1(f)(a). What is the percentage of math student over English students?

a) 50.4 b) 61.4 c) 49.4 d) NOTA

1(f)(b). The average number of females in all the courses is ( count people doing full-time MBA and
CA as a separate course)
a) less than 12 b) greater than 12 c) 12 d) NOTA

1(f)(c). The ratio of the females to the number of males is:

a) 5:36 b) 1:9 c) 1:7:2 d) NOTA

1(f)(d). The percentage increase in students of full-time MBA over CA only is:
a) Less than 20 b) less than 25 c) less than 30 d) More than 30

1(f)(e). The number of students doing full-time MBA or CA is:

a) 320 b) 80 c) 160 d) NOTA
2. Ratio & Proportions
Ration means fraction. So ratio of two quantities a & b can be written as a:b or a/b.
𝑎 𝑐
a:b = c:d or a:b :: c:d or =
𝑏 𝑑
Here, a & d are extremes and c & d are called mean terms.
Product of means = Product of extremes.
b*c = a*d

2(a). Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. The
ration of the two numbers is:
a) 2:5 b) 3:5 c) 4:5 d) 6:7

2(b). A sum of money is to be distributed among p q and r in the ratio 6:19:7. If r

gives 200 from his share to q the ratio of p, q and r becomes 3:10:3. What is the
total sum?
a) 3400 b) 4400 c) 5400 d) 6400

2(c). In a mixture of 60 ltrs, the ratio of milk and water is 2:1. If the ratio is to be 1:2, then
the quantity of water to be further added is:
a) 20 ltrs b) 30 ltrs c) 40 ltrs d) 60 ltrs

3. Mensurations
3.1 Rectangle:
 Area of rectangle = (Length * Breadth)
 Perimeter of rectangle = 2(Length + Breadth)

1
3.2 Area of square = (Side)2 = (𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙)2
2
3.3 Area of 4 walls of a room = 2(Length + Breadth)*Height
3.4 Triangle:
1
 Area of triangle = ∗ 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∗ ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
2
 Area of triangle = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎 )(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)

Where a,b,c are the sides of the triangle

1
and s =
2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)

√3
3.5 Area of equilateral triangle = 4 ∗ (𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2
3.6 Area of parallelogram = (Base * height)
1
3.7 Area of rhombus = ∗ (𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠)
2
1
3.8 Area of trapezium = *(sum of parallel sides) * (Distance between them)
2
3.9 Circle:
 Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟 2 , Where r is the radius
 Circumference of circle = 2 𝜋r
 𝜋𝑟 2 θ
 Area of sector =
360
3(10) Semi-Circle:
𝜋𝑟 2
 Area of semi-circle =
2 b
 Circumference = 𝜋r
3(11) Cuboid:
l = length, b = breadth, h = height
 Volume = l*b*h
h
 Surface area = 2(lb+bh+lh)
 Diagonal = √𝑙2 + 𝑏2 + ℎ2
l
3(12) Cube:
In cube, each edge has same length
Volume = a3 a
Surface area = 6 a2
Diagonal = √3𝑎 a

3(13) Cylinder: r
Let radius of base = r and height (or length) = h. Then a
 Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 h
 Curved surface area = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
 Total surface area = 2𝜋r (h + r) h

r
3(14) Cone:
Let radius of base = r and height = h. then,
 Slant height, l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
1
 Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 h
 Curved surface area = 𝜋rl
 Total surface area = (𝜋rl + 𝜋r 2 )

3(15) Sphere:
Let the radius of the sphere be r. Then,
4
 Volume =
3
𝜋r3
 Surface area = 4𝜋r 2

3(16) Hemisphere:
Let the radius of a hemisphere be r. Then,
2
 Volume =
3
𝜋r3
 Curved surface area = 2𝜋r2
 Total surface area = 3𝜋r2

3(a). Find the height of a cylinder whose radius is 7cm and the total surface area is 968
cm2.
 a) 14cm b) 15cm c) 16cm d) 16.5cm

3(b). The area of a rhombus is 240cm2 and one of the diagonals is 16cm. Find the other
diagonal.
a) 20cm b) 25cm c) 30cm d) 40cm

3(c). The area of a trapezium shaped field is 480 m2, the distance between two parallel
sides is 15cm and one of the parallel sides is 20m. Find the other parallel side.
a) 30m b) 35m d) 40m d) 44m

4. H.C.F & L.C.M of numbers

H.C.F (Highest Common Factor)
E.g. HCF of 9,12,18,21 is 3
9=3*3
12 = 3*4 Express the given no as the product of prime nos.
18 = 3*6
21 = 3*7

L.C.M of (10,25,35,40) is
10 = 2 * 5
25 = 5 * 5
35 = 7 * 5 Same
40 = 2 * 5 * 2 * 2
Using Factorization method
LCM of 10,25,35,40 = 2*5*2*2*5*7
= 1,400

4(a). Three bells ring at intervals 48, 60 and 72 minutes. If they start ringing together,
After how much time will they next ring together?
a) 6hrs b) 8hrs c) 10hrs d) NOTA

5.Directions(Questions 5(a) to 5(e) : A professor Keeps data on students tabulated by

performance and sex of the student .The data are kept on a computer disk but,
unfortunately; some of them are lost because of a virus. Only the following could be
recovered :

Panic buttons were pressed but of no avail. An expert committee was formed , which
decided that the following facts were self-evident:
 average good excellent total
male 10
Female 32

Total 33

(a) Half the students were either excellent or good

(b) 40% of the students were females
(c) One third of the male students were average

5(a). How many students are both female and excellent?

(a) 0
(b) 8
(c) 16
(d) 32

5(b). What proportion of good students are male?

(a) 0
(b) 0.73
(c) 0.4
(d) 1.0

6(c). What proportion of female students are good?

(a) 0
(b) 0.25
(c) 0.5
(d) 1.0

6(d). How many students are both male and good?

(a) 10
(b) 16
(c) 22
(d) 48

6(e). Among average students, what is the ratio of male to female?

(a) 1: 2
(b) 2 : 1
(c) 3 : 2
(d) 2 : 3