TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. The Presidential Letter ......................................................................................................................... 1

2. Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations ......................................................................................... 2
3. Delegate Preparation ............................................................................................................................ 3
4. Code of Conduct ................................................................................................................................. 4
5. Rules of Parliamentary Procedure .......................................................................................................... 7
6. Crisis Fundamentals ........................................................................................................................... 12
7. Position Paper Writing ....................................................................................................................... 15
8. Resolution Drafting ........................................................................................................................... 17

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 THE PRESIDENTIAL LETTER

Dear distinguished delegates,

It is with distinct honour that I invite you all to the 7th
edition of Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations. I
have been a part of BGMUN since its dawn and it is now
my privilege to lead the prestigious conference as the
President. With my incredible team, I am confident that
this year’s conference will surpass all the expectations and
redefine what has been historically delivered by us and
others.
BGMUN’s mission is simple; we strive to provide young
leaders a stimulating platform to debate, discuss, and
resolve critical global issues by promoting equity, creativity,
and diplomacy. At BGMUN 7, Model United Nations is
more than a simulation of the UN, but rather, it is a space
for delegates to delve into the world of international issues and develop stronger public speaking,
communication, critical thinking, and diplomacy skills. Whether you are the most passionate and
knowledgeable political thinker or, perhaps, are someone foreign to the world of diplomacy, BGMUN is for
you. To my delegates — BGMUN is your space to collaborate, engage and debate the world of today, to
lead the world of tomorrow.
e legacy of BGMUN is established by a long line of predecessors who have established our conference as
one of the best. is year is no exception, as the 7th iteration of BGMUN could not be possible without the
contributions of my hard-working, passionate, and dedicated Executive Council, Secretariat, Directorate
and staff members. ey are, genuinely, few of the most brilliant individuals I know, and I have no doubt
that their talents and efforts will reflect in your experience at BGMUN 7.
I am thrilled to see what BGMUN 7 will bring, and I am incredibly excited to welcome you all to Gujrat
come January.
Warmest regards,

Syed Ali Raza

President
Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations 7

Delegate Handbook © Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations 7 1

 BEACONHOUSE GUJRAT
MODEL UNITED NATIONS

Model United Nations?

A Model United Nations is a dynamic educational simulation that immerses students in the world of
international diplomacy. In an MUN conference, delegates represent specific countries or personalities and
engage in debates and discussions. Each delegate assumes the role of a diplomat, working to address global
issues, negotiate solutions, and draft resolutions collaboratively.

Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations

e idea of a Model United Nations conference in Gujrat was conceived in September 2016 resulting in the
formation of the first Beaconhouse Gujrat MUN society founded by the respectable Beaconites – Irtiza
Malik, Ehtisham Akram, Syed Hassan Raza, Usman Tahir, Abdullah Rasool, Faraz Sadiq and Aitzaz Ansar.
e successful conference was a huge achievement for the school and the tradition of this conference being
conducted each year has since been going on.

BGMUN 7
Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations 7 is the seventh iteration of the region’s foremost Model United
Nations. rough this edition, BGMUN aims to spread its influence beyond the region, in the national and
global arena, through three days of concentrated discourse on important world issues and forming
constructive resolutions for those questions, while providing the delegates with a relaxing environment
through exciting and innovative socials. With the help of its focused and dedicated Executive Council,
Secretariat and Directorate, BGMUN 7 intends to break the boundaries, establish superior standards and
leave behind a lasting legacy for years to come.

Committees
General Assembly Crisis

Disarmament Social,
United Nations Pakistan
United Nations and International Humanitarian &
Human Rights World War II National
Security Council Security Cultural
Council (WWII) Assembly
(UNSC) Committee Committee
(UNHRC) (PNA)
(DISEC) (SOCHUM)

Visit our website www.bgmun.net to access the committees’ Study Guides and to familiarize yourself with
Team BGMUN 7.

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 DELEGATE PREPARATION

While BGMUN prides itself on having a well-trained Secretariat, superior resources, and support for
delegates before and during each conference, the quality of these conferences is largely contingent on the
preparation of the delegates.
As a delegate, participating in an MUN can be very overwhelming if you are not properly prepared. So,
below is a shortened list on how to properly prepare for BGMUN 7:
1. Review the study guide of your assigned committee, available at our website.
2. Familiarize yourself with the
o the UN Structure (for Security Council, General Assembly, Human Rights Council)
o the Constitution of Pakistan (for Pakistan National Assembly)
3. Research the history, culture, political structure, current issues, and statistical data of your allotted
country. You need to be able to accurately represent the viewpoints of your respective
country/personality.
4. Research the background of your committee’s topic (i.e. history of topic, your position, others’
positions, statistical data, etc.)
5. Have an understanding of the viewpoints of the other countries/personalities participating. is will
come in handy when attempting to decipher who will be in agreement with your position and who
will be opposed.
6. Know the Parliamentary Procedure.
7. Create a folder of all of your research and bring it to the conference in your electronic device.
Following are some useful resources to better help you in preparing:
e CIA World Factbook: a good resource for obtaining information about the history, people,
government, economy, energy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational
issues for over 200 countries.
e BBC Country Profiles Archive: provides a quick insight to a country’s political history and economic
background.
e Library of Congress Country Studies Collection: a good resource for researching the detailed
historical data of a country. Some of the books in this collection are on countries that no longer exist in their
original configurations (such as East Germany and the Soviet Union) and include studies on successor states
in some cases.

Delegate Handbook © Beaconhouse Gujrat Model United Nations 7 3

 CODE OF CONDUCT

e following code must be adhered to when attending BGMUN 7.

• All the participants (delegates and observers) at the conference are expected to maintain a sense of
decorum and respect both within and outside the committee rooms.
• No participant shall be allowed to disrespect any other participant, any member of team BGMUN,
any student, any teacher or staff member of Beaconhouse Gujrat.
• All participants are required to respect the rights of Beaconhouse Gujrat; in that they may not
damage any college property, cause any harm to the reputation of the college or pose a threat to any
person or object present within the college premises.
• Participants are required to carry their ID Cards (issued by BGMUN 7) as well as another form of
official picture ID (school/government) with them at all times during the conference whilst in college
premises.
• e usage or possession of the following is strictly prohibited: Drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, cigars or
any other such material (being under influence of such substances is also prohibited), rearms, lighters
or ammunition of any type. Any other object which may cause harm to any other individuals at the
conference or to any part of the college is strictly prohibited. If anyone is found in possession of such
products, his or her entire delegation will be subject to disqualification and the administration can
take severe action against such participants.
• Any type of misbehaviour, offensive attitude, fighting and/or usage of abusive language shall not be
tolerated at BGMUN 7.
• Participants who have left the building may not enter the premises of Beaconhouse Gujrat again for
the length of that particular day.
• All participants are required to cooperate with the team BGMUN and comply with any orders/laws
issued by the organizing team, college authorities or the government.

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 RULES OF
PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE

Plagiarism Policy
Plagiarism is strictly prohibited here at BGMUN 7. Any plagiarized position paper, working paper or draft
resolution will eventually be cancelled, and the authors will be disqualified for any awards.

Awards Policy
• Each committee shall have only One Best Delegate Award.
• Each committee shall have only One Best Position Paper Award.
• Each committee shall have only Two Outstanding Diplomacy Awards.
• e number of Honourable Mentions given out will be up to the Chair’s discretion.
For delegations, there will be a Best Delegation award and two Outstanding Delegation awards.
e following criteria will be used to assess the delegates for the awards:
• Quality of position papers
• Foreign Policy accuracy (knowledge and representation of the nation’s interests and policies in real-
time)
• Substantive knowledge and contribution to consensus-building
• Negotiation and rhetorical skills (ability to work with and persuade other delegates through in-depth
explanations and convincing arguments)
• Ability to develop pragmatic and actionable solutions
• Resolution drafting skills
• Use of the Parliamentary Procedure

General Rules
1. Scope: ese rules apply to the General Assembly, Security Council and other specialized
committees, except for modifications provided by the committee Chair.
2. Language: English will be the official and working language of the conference. Urdu is also
permissible for speeches in PNA.
3. Delegations: Each member state will be represented by one or two delegates (UNSC) and shall have
one vote in each committee.
4. Participation of Non-Members: A guest speaker, expert witness, or representative of an entity that
is neither a member of the committee nor an accredited observer may address a committee only with
the prior approval of the Chair.
5. Credentials: e credentials of all delegations have been accepted upon registration. e Secretary-
General shall be the final arbiter of the validity of all credentials. Any representative to whose

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RULES OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE 7

admission a member objects will provisionally be seated with the same rights as other representatives,
pending a decision from the Secretary General.
6. Statements by the Secretariat: e Secretary-General or a member of the Secretariat whom he or
she designated may at any time make either written or oral statements to the committee.
7. General Powers of the Committee Staff: e Chair will declare the opening and closing of each
meeting and may propose the adoption of any procedural motion to which there is no significant
objection. Subject to these rules, the Chair will have complete control of the proceedings at any
meeting. e Co-chair will direct discussions, accord the right to speak, put questions, announce
decisions, rule on points of order, and ensure and enforce the observance of these rules. e Co-
chair may temporarily transfer his duties to another member of the dais or other designates of the
Chair. Dais members may also advise delegations on the course of debate. In the exercise of these
functions, the dais will be at all times subject to these rules and responsible to the Secretary General.
8. Appeal: Any Decision of the Co-chair, with the exception of those matters for which the Committee
Rules of Procedure explicitly prohibit appeal, may be appealed immediately by a delegate. e Co-
chair may speak briefly in defence of the ruling. e appeal will then be put to a vote, and the
decision of the Co-chair will stand unless overruled by two-thirds majority. e Chair has ultimate
discretion on any ruling, whether it is appealed successfully or not.
9. Quorum: e Chair may declare a committee open and permit debate to proceed when at least one
fourth of the voting members of the Committee is present. A member of the Committee is
considered present if at least one delegate representing that member is in the Committee Chamber.
e presence of a majority of the members will be required for the vote on any substantive motion.
A quorum will be assumed to be present unless specifically challenged by a Point of Order and shown
to be absent. A roll call is never required to determine the presence of a quorum.
10. Courtesy: Delegates will show courtesy and respect to the committee staff and to other delegates.
e Co-chair will immediately call to order any delegate who fails to comply to this rule.
11. Electronic Devices: Laptops, tablets, cell phones, or other electronic devices may be not be used in
the Committee room during formal debate or moderated caucus, for any other purpose than using
BGMUN Nexus or making notes.

Rules Governing Debate

12. Agenda: All the committees have only one Agenda to discuss, so the agenda is automatically adopted
at the start of the committee.
13. Debate: After the agenda has been determined, one continuously open speakers list will be
established for the duration of the agenda which is to be raised by a delegate as the first motion,
except as interrupted by procedural points or motions, caucuses, discussion of amendments and
introduction of draft resolutions. Speakers may speak generally on the agenda being considered and
may address any working paper or any draft resolution currently on the floor. A draft resolution can
only be referred to as such once it had been introduced to the committee.
14. Moderated Caucus: e purpose of the moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at
critical junctures in the discussion. A motion for a moderated caucus is in order at any time when
the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. e delegate making the motion must briefly specify a
topic, a speaking time, and an overall time limit, not to exceed twenty minutes, for the caucus. Once
raised, the motion will be voted on immediately, with a simple majority required for passage. e
Co-chair may rule the motion dilatory and his or her decision is not subject to appeal. If the motion

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passes, the Co-chair will call on delegates to speak at his or her discretion for the stipulated time.
Only speeches will be counted against the overall time of the caucus, and each speech will be counted
as taking up the full duration of the speaking time. If no delegates wish to speak, the moderated
caucus will immediately conclude, even if time remains in the caucus. e Co-chair may also decide,
subject to appeal, to suspend the caucus early.
15. Unmoderated Caucus: An unmoderated caucus suspends formal debate and allows members to
discuss ideas informally in the committee room. A motion for an unmoderated caucus is in order at
any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. e delegate making the motion must
briefly explain the purpose of the motion and specify a time limit for the caucus, not to exceed
twenty minutes. e motion will be put to vote immediately, and simple majority is required for
passage. e Co-chair may rule the motion dilatory and his or her decision is not subject to appeal.
e Co-chair may prematurely end an unmoderated caucus if the Co-chair feels that the caucus has
ceased to be productive, and this decision is not subject to appeal. e Co-chair may end an
unmoderated caucus and this decision is not subject to appeal.
16. Suspension or Adjournment of the Meeting: Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for
the suspension of the meeting, to suspend all Committee functions until the next meeting, or for
the adjournment of the meeting, to suspend all Committee functions for the duration of the
Conference. A motion to adjourn will not be in order until three quarters of the time scheduled for
the last session have elapsed. e Co-chair may rule such motions dilatory; this decision is not
subject to appeal. When in order, such a motion will not be debated but will be immediately put to
a vote and will require a simple majority.
17. Postponement and Resumption of Debate: Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for
the postponement of debate on a resolution or amendment currently on the floor. e motion,
otherwise known as “tabling,” will require a two-thirds majority to pass and will be debated by two
speakers in favour and two opposed. No debate or action will be allowed on any resolution or
amendment on which debate has been postponed, and if debate on a resolution or amendment has
been resumed before debate is closed, that resolution or amendment may not be voted upon. A
motion to resume debate on an amendment or resolution on which debate has been postponed will
require a simple majority to pass and will be debated by two speakers in favour and two opposed.
Resumption of debate will cancel the effects of postponement of debate.
18. Closure of Debate: When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on the substantive
or procedural matter under discussion. e Co-chair may, subject to appeal, rule such a motion
dilatory. When closure of debate is moved, the Co-chair may recognize two speakers against the
motion. No speaker in favour of motion will be recognized. Closure of debate requires a two-thirds
majority to pass. If the Committee is in favour of closure, the Co-chair will declare the closure of
debate, and resolutions and amendment on the floor will be brought to an immediate vote. If the
speakers list is exhausted and no delegations wish to add their name to the list, debate on the topic
at hand is immediately closed.

Rules Governing Speeches

19. Speakers List: e Committee will have an open speakers list for the agenda being discussed.
Separate speakers’ lists will be established as needed for motions to set the agenda and debate on
amendments. A delegation present may add its name to the speakers’ list by submitting a request in
writing to the dais, provided that delegation is not already on the speakers’ list, and may similarly

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remove their name from the list by a similar request in writing. At his or her discretion (usually only
when a new speakers’ list is opened) the Co-chair may solicit nations to be added to the speakers’ list
by raising their placards. e speakers’ list for the second agenda will not be open until the
Committee has proceeded to that topic.
20. Speeches: No delegate may address a session without having previously obtained the permission of
the Co-chair. e Co-chair may call a speaker to order if his or her remarks are not relevant to the
subject under discussion, or offensive to committee members or staff. Delegates who are absent
when recognized by the dais automatically forfeit their time, and debate will continue.
21. Speaking Time: When any speakers list is opened, the speaking time is automatically set to one
minute. Delegates may also make a motion to set a new speaking time at any time when points or
motions are in order during formal debate. is motion requires a simple majority to pass.
22. Yields: A delegate granted the right to speak from a speakers list may, after speaking, yield in one of
three ways: to another delegate, to questions, or to the dais.
a. Yield to another delegate: Any remaining time will be given to that delegate, who may not,
however, then yield any remaining time to a third delegate. To turn the floor over to a co-
delegate is not considered a yield.
b. Yield to question: Questioners will be selected by the Co-chair and limited to one question
each. Follow-up questions will be allowed only at the discretion of the Cochair. Only the
speaker’s answers to questions will be deducted from the speaker’s remaining time.
c. Yield to the Chair: Such a yield should be made if a delegate has finished speaking and
doesn’t wish to yield to another delegate or to questions, and further does not wish his or
her speech to be subject to comments. e Co-chair will then move to the next speaker. A
yield to the chair is in order, but not automatic, when a speaker’s time has elapsed.
d. Yields are in order only on substantive speeches and not during caucus.
23. Comments: If a substantive speech is followed by no yields, the Co-chair may recognize two
delegates, other than the initial speaker, to comment for thirty seconds each on the specific content
of the speech just completed. Commenters may not yield. No comments will be in order during
debate on procedural motions, moderated caucus, or debate on amendments.
24. Right of Reply: A delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another
delegate may request in writing a Right of Reply. e Reply, if granted, will take the form of thirty
second speech. e Co-chair’s decision whether to grant the Right of Reply cannot be appealed, and
a delegate granted a Right of Reply will not address the committee until requested to do so by the
Co-chair.

Points
25. Point of Personal Privilege: Whenever a delegate experiences personal discomfort which impairs
his or her ability to participate in the proceedings, he or she may rise to a Point of Personal Privilege
to request that the discomfort be corrected. While a Point of Personal Privilege may interrupt a
speaker, delegates should use this power with the utmost discretion.
26. Point of Order: During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise to a Point of Order to
indicate an instance of improper use of parliamentary procedure. e point of order will be
immediately ruled upon by the Co-chair in accordance with these rules of procedure. e Co-chair
may rule out of order those points that are dilatory or improper; such a decision cannot be appealed.
A representative rising to a Point of Order may not speak on the substance of the matter under

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discussion. A Point of Order may only interrupt a speaker when the speech itself is not following
proper parliamentary procedure.
27. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: When the floor is open, a delegate may rise to a Point of
Parliamentary Inquiry to ask the Co-chair a question regarding the Rules of Procedure. A Point of
Parliamentary Inquiry may never interrupt a speaker. Delegates with substantive questions should
not rise to this Point, but should rather approach the committee staff at an appropriate time.

Rules Governing Substantive Matters

28. Working Papers: Delegates may propose working papers for Committee consideration. Working
Papers are intended to aid the committee in its discussion and formulation of resolutions and need
not to be written in resolution format. Working papers are not official documents, and do not
require formal introduction, but do require the signature of the Chair to be distributed. Working
Papers do not have signatories.
29. Resolutions: A resolution may be introduced when it receives the approval of the Chair and is signed
by at least one fourth of the voting members of the Committee. Signing a resolution need not
indicate support of the resolution and the signatory has no further rights or obligations and may
sign more than one draft resolution. ere are no official sponsors of resolutions. e Chair’s
decision not to sign a resolution or amendment may not be appealed. Resolutions require a simple
majority to pass unless otherwise started in special Committee rules. More than one resolution may
be on the floor at any one time, but at most one resolution may be passed per Agenda.
30. Introducing Resolutions: Once a resolution has been approved as stipulated above and has been
distributed, a delegate may make a motion to introduce the resolution. is motion requires only
authorization by the Co-chair and doesn’t require a substantive vote. e dais staff, time permitting,
may choose to read the operative clause of resolution. Immediately after a draft resolution has been
introduced and distributed, the Co-chair may entertain non-substantive clarificatory points,
typically used to address typographical, spelling, or punctuation errors.
31. Amendments: Delegates may amend any resolution that has been introduced. An amendment must
have the approval of the Chair and the signatures of at least one eighth of the voting members of the
Committee. Amendments to amendments are out of order; however, an amended part of a
resolution may be further amended. ere are no official sponsors of amendments and all
amendments on the floor must be debated and voted upon:
a. An approved amendment may be introduced when the floor is open. General debate will be
suspended and two speakers list will be established, one for and one against amendment.
Debate will alternate between each list.
b. A motion to close debate will be in order after the Committee has heard two speakers for
the motion and two against, or when one of the speakers’ lists is exhausted. In accordance
with the normal procedure described in Rule 16, the Co-chair will recognize two speakers
against the motion to close debate, and a 2/3 majority is required for closure of debate on
the agenda.
c. When debate is closed on the amendment, the Committee will move to an immediate vote.
Votes on amendments are substantive votes. After the vote, debate will return to the general
speakers list.

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Rules Governing Voting

32. Division of the Question: After debate on an Agenda or amendment has been closed, a delegate
may move to divide the question on any item which is about to be voted on. Division of the question
means that a specified set of operative clauses may be voted on separately from the rest.
Preambulatory clauses may not be removed by divisions of the question. e motion may be debated
to the extent of two speakers for and two speakers against. is motion requires a simple majority
to pass:
a. If the motion passes, the Co-chair will accept proposals on how to divide the question. Such
proposals may divide the question into two or more parts. After all proposals have been
accepted, the Co-chair will arrange them for most severe to least, and each will be voted on,
in that order. If no division passes, the resolution remains intact.
b. If any proposal passes, all other proposals are discarded and the resolution or amendment is
divided accordingly. A substantive vote must then be taken on each divided part to
determine whether or not it is included in the final draft. A simple majority is required for
inclusion of each part. After all divided parts have been voted on, those that were voted to
be included are recombined into the final draft resolution, which must then be voted upon
under regular rules of procedure. If all of the operative parts of the substantive proposal are
rejected, the proposal will be considered to have been rejected as a whole.
33. Reordering Resolutions: e default order in which resolutions are voted on is the order in which
they were introduced. After debate on a topic has been closed, a delegate may motion to change the
order in which resolutions on the Committee floor will be voted on. Such a motion must specify in
desired order. Once such a motion has been made, the Co-chair will divide the question on a
resolution. Proposals will be voted on in the order in which they were received and require a simple
majority to pass; once a proposal has been passed, all others are discarded and resolutions will be
voted on in that order.
34. Voting: Once the Committee is in voting procedure and all relevant motions have been entertained,
the committee will vote on the resolutions on the floor. Voting occurs on each resolution in
succession; once a resolution has been passed, no further resolutions will be voted on. In all matters,
both substantive and procedural, each country/personality will have one vote. Each vote may be a
“Yes,” “No,” or “Abstain.” All matters will be voted upon by placards, except in the case of a roll call
vote. After the Co-chair has announced the beginning of voting, no delegate will interrupt the voting
except on the Point of Personal Privilege or on a Point of Order in connection with the actual
conduct of the voting. A simple majority require more “Yes” votes than “No” votes; abstentions are
not counted toward either total. A 2/3 majority vote requires at least twice as many “Yes” votes as
“No” votes. A procedural vote is a vote on any matter besides an amendment or resolution, and
requires every country to vote either “Yes” or “No” on the question.
35. Roll Call Voting: After debate is closed on any Agenda or amendment, any delegate may request a
roll call vote. A motion for a roll call vote is in order only for substantive motions. e Co-chair’s
decision whether to accept the motion for a roll call vote may not be appealed. Such a motion may
be made from the floor and must be seconded by at least one fourth of the voting members of the
Committee. All substantive votes are roll call votes in the Security Council. Voting will be at the
discretion of the Chair in all other Committees.

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RULES OF PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE 7

a. In a roll call vote, the Co-chair will call all countries noted by the dais to be in attendance
in alphabetical order starting with a randomly selected member.
b. In the first sequence, delegates may vote “Yes,” “No,” “Abstain,” “Pass,” “Yes with rights,”
“No with rights.”
c. A delegate who passes during the first sequence of the roll call must vote “Yes” or “No”
during the second sequence. e same delegate may not request the right of explanation.
d. A delegate may only vote with rights if he or she votes “Yes” or “No” in the first round of
voting and if his or her vote appears to constitute a divergence from his or her country’s
policy. After all delegates have vote, delegates who had requested the right of explanation
will be granted 30 seconds to each explain their votes.
e. e Co-chair will then announce the outcome of the vote.

Procedure of Motions
Precedence: Motions will be considered in the following order of preference. If a point or motion is on the
floor, points or motions lower on this list are out of order.
1. Parliamentary points:
a. Points that may interrupt a speaker:
i. Points of Personal Privilege (Rule 25)
ii. Points of Order (Rule 26)
b. Points in order only when the floor is open:
i. Points of Parliamentary Inquiry (Rule 27)
2. Procedural motions that are not debatable:
a. Adjournment of the Meeting (Rule 17)
b. Suspension of the meeting (Rule 17)
c. Unmoderated Caucus (Rule 14)
d. Moderated Caucus (Rule 15)
e. Motion to change the speaking time (Rule 21)
f. Introduction of a draft resolution
g. Introduction of an amendment
3. Procedural motions that are applicable to a resolution or amendment under consideration:
a. Closure of Debate (Rule 16)
b. Postponement of Debate (Rule 18)
c. Division of the question (Rule 32)
d. Reordering Resolutions (Rule 33)
4. Substantive Motions:
a. Amendments (Rule 31)
b. Resolution (Rules 29-30)
5. Other procedural motions e.g. Resumption of Debate (Rule 18)
Discretion: Contrary to precedence, the Chair or Co-chair may exercise discretion on which motion to be
voted on first, disregarding its respective precedence.

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 CRISIS FUNDAMENTALS

e following is relevant for the entirety of BGMUN 7’s crisis committee World War II and for any crisis
breaks in other committees.

What is a Crisis Committee?

A Crisis Committee differs vastly from the other traditional MUN simulations; they are less formal and, in
many ways, far more dynamic.
Besides debating, delegates may communicate with one another and with the Crisis Director through written
notes. ese are generally kept secret, although there is always a chance that they may be leaked. e Crisis
can revolve around one committee in which members struggle for power internally, or several committees
called Joint Crisis, where committees will battle each other for the control of a territory or a state.
By far the most exciting aspect of crisis simulations are the crises themselves. Unlike other types of
committees, Crisis actually moves forward in time and can be affected by events that occur in the outside
world. In sessions debate may be interrupted with important news or information. Wars may break out,
natural disasters can occur, and scandals or corruption can be revealed. Delegates must be able to think
quickly, for a single crisis may alter the course of the debate and create new problems that must be responded
to immediately. Typically, most of the time in a crisis committee is spent in either moderated or un-
moderated caucus, debate formats appropriate to the small number of participants and the rapidly changing
nature of the situation.

Before the Conference

Each delegate is assigned a character to play for the duration of the conference. Information about this
character is sent prior to the event, and delegates are encouraged to embrace and genuinely act according to
their position. e dossier will also detail delegates’ portfolio powers: the powers and responsibilities that
they may assume in the committee. For example, the dictator of a state would have absolute powers over the
resources of his country and can use any of them to his will, inside the committee.
Before committee, make sure you go through your character-profile and state’s abilities to fully understand
what your powers are, but also what they are not. Notes that try to work outside the range of what a character
can do will be rejected and will not allow the delegate to go through with the action request.

Crisis Committee Jargon

Moderated Caucus: Debate style that focuses on a specific topic with a predetermined amount of speaking
time.
Unmoderated Caucus: A period of time in which delegates should use to walk around the room and speak
with other delegates. is time does not have a specific topic.

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Directives: Directives are the means in which the delegate can complete actions within committee. ere
are three types of directives used in committee: Committee Directives, Personal Directives, and Joint-
Directives.
• Committee Directives: Committee Directives are actions that the committee as a whole wants to
make. Committee Directives are written as succinct actions and answer the questions “Who?”
“What?” “When?” “Where?” and “Why?”. ey are passed by the whole committee by a simple
majority. In order to be submitted to the dais, at least one thirds of the committee members present
must sign on as signatories or as a designated sponsor. When a Committee Directive has enough
signatures, they are given to the dais.
• Personal Directives: Personal Directives are actions you as a delegate wish to take under your role
in committee. Personal Directives must address people and resources your character or country
would realistically have access to and answer all the questions Committee Directives require. e
Director highly recommends that each delegate maintain the integrity of their role with each action
they take and keep to actions your character would reasonably take within the committee setting.
Personal Directives are sent to the Crisis Director as a crisis note.
• Joint-Directives: Joint-Directives are actions two or more delegates seek to do outside of the
committee setting. Joint-Directives are essentially Personal Directives written by two or more people.
A Joint-Directive allows individuals to share their resources among one another and expands
delegates’ opportunities within the crisis setting. Joint-Directives are sent to the Crisis Director as a
crisis note by one delegate.
Communiques: Communiques are personal messages you wish to convey to others. ey are written in the
form of letters and are used to communicate with people who are not in committee. Communiques are not
requests for actions, but rather a means of letting others know your actions and establish diplomatic ties
through direct contact with a person not in committee. Communiques are sent to the Crisis Director as a
crisis note.
Press Releases: Press Releases are statements issued by the committee to the public or other entities.
Individuals in charge of the press or other public relations entities can issue these on behalf of the committee
without the committee’s approval. Committee-wide Press Releases require the same number of signatures as
a Committee Directive and are given to the dais.
Crisis Notes/Individual Action Order: Action taken by an individual delegate in accordance with their
portfolio powers. For example, a Minister of the Interior may send a note to the Crisis Director requesting
to place police officers on patrol in front of the house of another delegate to investigate who enters and
leaves. Work with the Crisis Director and the dais; not against them. Keep in character when sending your
notes, and try asking questions about what the crisis team seems to be hinting at and building as a new
storyline for the committee.

Writing a Good Crisis Note

A good crisis note should answer the following questions:
1. Who are you writing to?
2. What do you want to accomplish?
3. When do you want it accomplished?

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4. Where do you want it to happen (if applicable)?

5. Why do you want to do this?
6. How do you intend to accomplish it?
Crisis director will send follow-up questions if you do not adequately cover these questions, which could
make you lose previous time, particularly if you are urgently trying to avoid an assassination attempt or
trying to get highly compromising information on an opponent. e most important question, and hence
the one which requires that you spend the most time thinking about and writing, is the How do you want
to accomplish it? question. is asks for a detailed and realistic scenario explaining the plan of action, you
wish to see put in place in order to meet your goals. While in other committees you only had power to
suggest and recommend, crisis committees give you power to take action.

Tips for Crisis Committee

• Always be active – whether by note passing or by contributing in caucuses.
• Always be as detailed as you can in directives; this will increase the chances of seeing it succeed, as
well as make sure you do not lose time responding to the crisis director(s) asking for more detail
afterwards.
• Warning: crisis staffers often seek to exploit weaknesses in a note. Specific every detail in an
important directive, and try thinking of possible loopholes before sending any request.
• If directors tell you there is nothing suspicious about a delegate, this does not mean you should clear
this delegate of any suspicions. Rather, this could mean the directors do not wish to have the person
uncovered yet.
• Depending on your character profile, try building compromise and suggesting actually workable
ideas in the cabinet, for which you will gain credit.
Remember: being in a crisis committee is all about being logical, analytical, and flexible.

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 POSITION PAPER WRITING

e position paper is a strategic document that each delegate is required to write and submit before the
conference begins. e paper gives an overview the stance and the position of the country or the personality
that you are representing, with respect to the issue at hand in your respective committee. See your
committee’s study guide at www.bgmun.net for information about the agenda of your committee.
Position papers are mandatory for all delegates. Any delegate who does not submit the position paper
before the deadline i.e., Friday, 19th January, 2024, shall not be eligible to receive any delegate award.
Submit your position paper in a document file through any of the following methods:
• E-mail: bgmunsociety@gmail.com
• Sent directly to your committee chair
If a delegation has registered dual delegates in UNSC, only one position paper is required for both delegates
instead of one for each delegate.
Position Paper Structure:
Country: [Country Name]
Committee: [Committee Name]
Topic: [Topic of Committee]
[Paragraph 1: Background of topic from the country’s perspective]
[Paragraph 2: Country’s position on the topic; the role played by the country]
[Paragraph 3: Possible solutions to the problem aligning with the foreign policy of the country]

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Sample Position Paper

Country: Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Committee: Disarmament and International Security Committee
Topic: Proliferation of drones
e proliferation of drone technology is segregated into two categories - drones for peaceful purposes and
drones for malicious purposes. e latter has resulted in a global increase in warfare and militancy, with
many countries now investing in drones for violent purposes. e issue is further exacerbated due to the
non-disclosure of such stockpiles to the Arms Trade Treaty and the UN Register of Conventional Arms
(UNROCA). e current accords on drone proliferation are outdated, considering the advancement in
advanced drone technology every passing day. e Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) may be
outdated in the current era, where significant development in UAV technology limits its efficiency. e
classifications it provides for UAVs ignore the significant technological evolution. Similarly, the Joint
Declaration for the Export and Subsequent Use of Armed or Strike-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAVs) drafted by the United States is arguably vaguer. e principles enumerated in the declaration are
arguably more ambiguous, less clear, and less stringent. Hence, there is a need to either amend or draft a
new legally binding document for the monitoring of drones and the proliferation of drone technology.
e Islamic Republic of Mauritania sympathizes with the victims of unregulated drone strikes, which
result in mass civilian casualties, and thereby recognizes the intricacies of the proliferation of drone
technology in the hands of states and non-state actors. It views the role of both the private and public
sectors in advancing the use and production of technology. Mauritania stands in support of a regulated
drone proliferation and technology transfer regime, which ensures the exclusivity of such technology so
that it remains unattainable to internationally-recognized violent non-state actors.
In light of this, Mauritania proposes our Drones for Development approach, where we promote that
drones should primarily be utilized for peaceful purposes by countries that currently produce or import
this technology. Countries that presently possess militant drones should sham a certain percentage of their
stockpiles with developing countries for research and peaceful purposes alongside reallocating a capped
quota of their military-grade drones for development purposes such as supplying medical aid and care in
war-tom regions like Yemen or Syria.

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 RESOLUTION DRAFTING

A resolution (bill in Pakistan National Assembly) represents the formal recommendations and/or decisions
of the committee on the topic at hand. It is a document in which the body expresses a commitment to
undertake certain action, or which calls the member states to implement certain measures. Resolutions thus
represent a form of political commitment.

ings to keep in mind

• Try to cite facts whenever possible.
• Create a detailed resolution. For example, if your resolution calls for a new program, think about
how it will be funded and what body will manage it.
• Be realistic. Do not create objectives for your resolution that cannot be met. Make sure your body
can take the action suggested. For example, the General Assembly can’t sanction another country –
only the Security Council can do so.
• Solicit the views of many members. Your committee will be more likely to approve the resolutions if
many delegates contribute ideas.
• Be sure to follow the format given below.

Clauses
Resolutions employ two types of clauses: preambulatory and operative.
Preambulatory clauses:
• Preambulatory clauses are historic justifications for action. Use them to cite past resolutions,
precedents and statements about the purpose of action.
• e preambulatory clauses state all the issues that the committee wants to resolve on this issue.
• It may state reasons why the committee is working on this issue and highlight previous international
actions on the issue.
• Each preambulatory clause begins with a present participle called a preambulatory phrase. Some
useful preambulatory phrases are provided below.
Operative clauses:
• Operative clauses are policies that the resolution is designed to create. Use them to explain what the
committee will do to address the issue.
• Operative clauses identify the actions or recommendations made in a resolution.
• Each operative clause begins with a verb called an operative phrase. Some useful operative phrases
are provided below.
• Operative clauses should be organized in a logical progression, with each containing a single idea or
proposal, and are always numbered.

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• If a clause requires further explanation, bulleted lists set off by letters or roman numerals can also be
used.

Resolution Format
• e font and size of the text should be appropriate and remain consistent for the whole document.
• All acronyms must be listed in full before appearing in abbreviated form.
• Grammatically the resolution is one sentence, so that no clause may contain a full stop (period) or
begin a new sentence.
• No clause opening should be repeated in its exact form.
• Each clause should have a line space between them.
• e opening of preambulatory clauses should be italicized.
• Preambulatory clauses must end in commas.
• Operative clauses must end in semi-colons.
• Last operative clause must end with a full stop/period to indicate the end of the resolution.

Resolution Structure
Sponsors: [List of sponsors]
Signatories: [List of signatories]
Topic: [Topic of Committee]
e [Committee],
[Preambulatory Clauses]
[Numbered list of Operative Clauses].

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Useful preambulatory phrases

Affirming Disturbed Having considered Reaffirming
Alarmed by Desiring further Realizing
Approving Emphasizing Having devoted Recalling
Aware of Expecting attention Recognizing
Bearing in mind Expressing its Having examined Referring
Believing appreciation Having heard Regretting
Confident Expressing its Having received Seeking
Contemplating satisfaction Having studied Taking into account
Concerned Fulfilling Keeping in mind Taking into
Conscious Fully alarmed Noting with regret consideration
Convinced Fully aware Noting with deep Taking note
Declaring Fully believing concern Viewing with
Deploring Guided by Noting with satisfaction appreciation
Having adopted Noting further Welcoming
Having considered Noting with approval
Observing

Note: Preambulatory phrases can be reused by adding “further” or “deeply”. For instance, “Noting” could
be reused as “Further noting” and “Concerned” could be reused as “Deeply concerned”.

Useful operative phrases

Please note: All clauses that are marked with an asterisk (*) can only be used by the Security Council.

Accepts Confirms Endorses Requests

Affirms Congratulates Expresses its Resolves
Approves Considers Appreciation Expresses Sanctions
Asks Decides* its Hope Solemnly Affirms
Asks for Declares Accordingly* Hopes Supports
Asks that Demands* Invites Suggests
Authorizes Deplores Notes Takes Note of
Calls Designates Proclaims* Transmits
Calls for Draws the Attention Reaffirms Trusts
Calls upon Emphasizes Recommends Urges
Condemns* Encourages Regrets Wishes
Reminds

Note: Operative phrases can be reused by adding “further” or “strongly”. For instance: “Requests” could be
reused as “Further requests” and “Asks” could be reused as “Strongly asks”.

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Sample Resolution Paper

Sponsors: United States, Austria and Italy
Signatories: Greece, Tajikistan, Japan, Canada, Mali, the Netherlands and Gabon
Topic: "Strengthening UN coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies"
e General Assembly ird Committee,
Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity, equality and inalienable rights of all global citizens,
Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to work with UN
bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance,
Noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN bodies and nongovernmental organizations,
Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in need of reform,
particularly in the humanitarian realm,
1. Encourages all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely with countries at the
grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts;
2. Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs to
streamline efforts of humanitarian aid;
3. Requests that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the coordination of relief
efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies;
4. Calls for the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary donations from the
private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of rapid deployment forces;
5. Stresses the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political, economic and social
situations and events of all countries;
6. Calls upon states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for humanitarian assistance;
and
7. Requests the expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post-conflict assistance through
reconstruction and development.

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