Chemistry 12th Important Topics and Question for Exam 2024 👇👇👇👇👇

IMPORTANT Topics
💥💥 ( Solutions)
Definition - Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction ( Numerical Also )

Define Kb & Kf ?

Henry law & Raoult's law

Colligative Properties

Ideal and Non Ideal Solutions

Van't Hoff Factors

💥💥 ( Electrochemistry)
Conductivity and Molar Conductivity

Kohlrausch's law

Nernst Equation(Numericals)

Faraday's law

Fuel Cells , Batteries

Corrosion
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💥💥 ( Chemical Kinetics)
Rate of Reactions & Rate law

Order and Molecularity .

Factors affecting Rate of Reactions

Integrated rate equation and half life

💥( D&F Block Elements)

General Properties Of Transition Elements

Magnetic Moment (Numericals )

Lanthanoids and Actinoids(Difference )

KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 (Properties and Preparation)

💥💥 ( Coordination Compounds )
Nomenclature of co. Compounds

Oxidation no . Of co. Compounds

V.B.T theory

CFT theory

Isomerism

💥💥 ( Haloalkenes and Haloarenes)

Nomenclature

Naming Reaction - *sandmayer reaction, Finkelstein reaction, swart reaction, wurtz

reaction.

Markovnikov Rule

Nature of C-X bond

Sn1 & Sn2

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It's properties

B Eleminiation

💥💥 ( Alcohol, phenol and ether)

Nomenclature

Naming Reaction - * RTR , kolbe's reaction, Williamson synthesis …

Hydration of Alkenes

Dehydration of Alcohol

Acidic property

💥💥 ( Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid)

Nomenclature

Naming Reaction - cannizzaro reaction, cross aldol, Rosenmund reaction or ………. 10

more

Tollens Test , fehling test , isoform test

####Note- Name Reactions and Test are asked from this chapter.

💥💥💥 ( Amines)
Basic properties and Nature

Naming Reaction

Reduction of -No2 , -cn.

Gabriel phthalimide Reaction

Diazotization, coupling reaction

💥💥 ( Biomolecules )
# Note - Read NCERT Chapter deeply.

Rna and Dna

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Carbohydrate - glucose, fructose

amino acids and types

Vitamins and rog ( disease)

Globular protein and fibrous proteins

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Important Questions for practice

1.Define the terms 'solute,' 'solvent,' and provide examples of each.

2 Explain the term 'molarity' and how it is calculated. Also, mention its
units.

3.Describe the factors affecting the solubility of a solid in a liquid.

4.How does Raoult's Law relate to ideal solutions? Explain with an example.

5.Define colligative properties and discuss how they depend on the number
of solute particles in a solution.

6. Explain the difference between electrolytic cells and galvanic cells.

Provide examples of each.

7.Define standard electrode potential. How is it measured? Explain its

significance.

8.Describe the Nernst equation and its applications in calculating cell

potential.

9.Discuss the conductance of electrolytic solutions and how it relates to

their concentration.

10.Explain the factors affecting the electrode potential of an

electrochemical cell.
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11.Define the rate of a chemical reaction. How is it measured

experimentally?

12.Explain the integrated rate laws for zero-order, first-order, and

second-order reactions with their respective graphical representations.

13.Describe the collision theory of chemical reactions. What factors

influence the rate of a reaction based on this theory?

14.Discuss the concept of activation energy and its role in chemical

reactions.

15.Explain the effect of temperature on the rate constant of a reaction

using the Arrhenius equation.

16.Discuss the general characteristics of transition metals. How do they

differ from the main group elements?

17.Explain the electronic configuration and magnetic properties of

transition metals.

18.Describe the oxidation states exhibited by transition elements and their

reasons.

19.Discuss the lanthanide contraction. What are its causes and

consequences?

20.Explain the actinoid contraction and its significance in the properties of

actinides.

21.Describe the isomerism observed in coordination compounds

(structural, geometric, and optical).

22.Explain the bonding in coordination compounds using valence bond

theory and crystal field theory.
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23.Explain the stability and reactivity of various types of carbocations

formed during the reactions involving haloalkanes.

24.Discuss the uses and environmental impact of haloalkanes and

haloarenes.

25.Explain the nucleophilic substitution reactions exhibited by haloalkanes

and haloarenes, highlighting the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms.

26. Describe the acidic nature of phenols and their comparison with
alcohols.

27.Discuss the Williamson synthesis method for the preparation of ethers.

Provide suitable examples.

28. Explain any 2 naming Reaction form this chapter.

29. Discuss the methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones,

emphasizing oxidation of alcohols and ozonolysis of alkenes.

30.Explain the reactions of aldehydes and ketones with nucleophiles and

reducing agents.

31.Describe the chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and

ketones.

32.Explain the basicity of amines and their comparison with ammonia.

33.Discuss the Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction as a method for

preparing primary amines.

34.Describe the methods to distinguish between primary, secondary, and

tertiary amines.

35. Disease caused by Vitamin c

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36. Discuss the structure and functions of proteins, emphasizing the levels
of protein structure and the role of amino acids.

37.Describe the structure of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and their role in
genetic information.

38.Explain the biological importance and functions of lipids in living

organisms.