IMMUNE (LYMPHOID) SYSTEM

Functions:

MU
Immune system consists of:

HN
Organs

YK
G
Tissues
LO

Cells
O
T

Types and subtypes of lymphocytes, their functions:

1.

2.
IS

3.

4.

5
H

3
Supporting cells and their functions:

MU
Red bone marrow is
Location

HN
Function:
Parenchyma is represented by
Structural and functional unit —

YK
The red bone marrow stroma (microenvironment) consists of (specify the functions
of each element):

G
LO

Typical capillaries for the red bone marrow are

The yellow bone marrow consists of:

Location
Thymus is
Functions: 1.
O

2.

3
T

5.
IS

General organization: consist of 2 ____________, each surrounded by

____________________________________, from which go inside ,
dividing the lobe into___________________.
Structural and functional unit of the thymus is _______________________, which is
subdivided into _____________________________________________ and
H

4
 Put labelling:

MU
HN
YK
What does parenchyma of the cortex and the medulla consist of? What is the
difference between them?
G
LO

What cells build up intralobular stroma?

Their origin, structure, functions:

O

Their localisation:
T

Why does thymus have such an unusual stroma?

IS
H

5
 Put labelling:

MU
HN
Hassall's corpuscles are YK
G
What type of cells is located in the subcapsular zone?
LO

What happens to them while moving towards the medulla?

Where and how T-lymphocytes get into the systemic circulation?

O

Maturation of T-lymphocytes is a process: Antigen-dependent?

Antigen-independent?
What does it mean?
T

What type of capillaries is there in the cortex?

IS

The blood-thymus barrier consists of:

1. ______________________________ 2.
3. _____________________________ 4.
5.______________________________
H

6
Put labelling:

MU
HN
YK
What is the age-related thymic involution? What are the morphological features of it?
G
LO

What is the accidental thymic involution? How does it differ from age-related one?
O

Unlike the central organs of immune system, the differentiation of lymphocytes in the
peripheral organs is - Antigen-dependent?
- Antigen-independent?
T

Lymph nodes are

IS

Their function:

Lymph nodes are covered by _________________________________, which forms

Stroma is
Zones of lymph nodes. What cells form their parenchyma?:
H

1.

7
2.

MU
3.

Lymph enters the lymph node through _____________________ and exits via

HN
What is sinus? Types:

Put labelling:

YK
G
LO

How do lymphocytes enter the lymph node?

O

Structural features of the postcapillary venules:

T

Spleen is
Functions: 1.
2.
IS

3.
4.
Outside is covered by
from which branch off ___________ with _______________________cells.
Stroma is represented by
Parenchyma is called _______________________. It is subdivided into two regions
H

_______________________________ and
Red pulp is represented by

8
White pulp is composed of

Lymphatic nodules are mainly populated by _________________-lymphocytes.

MU
PALS is ____________________________________________________. It is
mainly populated by _________________-lymphocytes.

Blood supply features of the spleen:

HN
Splenic artery

YK
G
Penicillar arteriole can fuse with ________________________________ and it is
called ________________________ circulation or empties in
LO

___________________ and it is called _________________________ circulation.

Put labelling:
O
T
IS
H

9
Open circulation serves for (function)

Closed circulation serves for (function)

MU
Lymphatic follicles of the spleen are
___________________ around the _____________________ artery which is being
part of the follicle is called

HN
Mark the areas of the lymphatic follicle of the spleen:

YK
G
LO

Describe the cells of each zone:1.

2.

3.
O

Palatine tonsil. What is the main difference between palatine tonsils and other
peripheral organs of the immune system?
T

Put labelling:
IS
H

10
 Independent student's work:
● Lymphatic node. The reaction of lymph nodes on the action of antigen.
● Age-related changes and regeneration of lymph nodes.
● Age-related changes and regeneration of the spleen.

MU
● General plan for the structure and function of the appendix, Peyer’s patches.

LE Krok-1 Booklet Questions (Medicine)

HN
1. Histological specimen shows organ parenchyma to consist of lymphoid tissue that
forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery.
What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristics? (2017)
A. Thymus
B. Spleen

YK
C. Lymph node
D. Tonsil
E. Red bone marrow

2. A specimen shows an organ covered with connective tissue capsule with trabeculae
radiating inward the organ. The organ’s cortex contains lymph nodules; there are
G
medullary cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ is under study? (2017, 2016)
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
LO

C. Red bone marrow

D. Lymph node
E. Tonsils

3. Histological specimen of a hemopoietic organ shows clusters of node- and band-

shaped lymphocytes that along with stroma elements compose cortical and medullar
substances. Name this organ: (2016)
O

A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Red bone marrow
T

D. Lymph node
E. Palatine tonsil
IS

4. A doctor examined a patient, studied the blood analyses, and reached a conclusion,
that peripheral immunogenesis organs are affected. What organs are the most likely
to be affected? (2015)
A. Thymus
B. Red bone marrow
C. Tonsils
H

D. Kidneys
E. Yellow bone marrow

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