AGRI

CULTUREPAPERTWO,
QUESTI
ONSWI
THANSWERS
Pr
act
ical
3quest
ion2

1.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thanani
mal
product
slabel
edM (
Mil
k)

(
a)I
dent
if
ythepr
oduct

I
tismi
l
k

(
b)Ment
ionanyt
hreeby
-pr
oduct
swhi
chcanbepr
oducedf
rom M

 Cheese

 But
ter

 Wat
er

(
c)Nameanyt
hreef
arm ani
mal
swhi
chsuppl
ypr
oductM

 Cow

 Goat

 Hor
se

(
d)Expl
ainanyt
wonut
ri
ti
onal
val
uesofspeci
menM i
nthehumanbody

i
. Pr
ovi
depr
otei
nforbodybui
l
dingandgr
owt
h

i
i
. Pr
ovi
decar
bohy
drat
esf
orgener
ati
onofener
gyi
nthebody

(
e)Expl
ainanyt
hreeway
sinwhi
cht
hequal
i
tyoft
hepr
oduct
sM maybei
mpr
oved.

i
. Feedi
ngt
heani
mal
alotofpr
otei
nconcent
rat
es

i
i
. St
all
feedt
heani
mal
tor
est
ri
ctmov
ement
sandr
educeener
gyl
oss.

i
i
i. I
ncl
udepast
urel
egumesi
ntheani
mal
feedsoast
oincr
easet
hesuppl
yof

Page1of1 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 pr
otei
ns

(
f)Ment
ionanyt
hreeway
sinwhi
chaf
armermayst
imul
atet
hepr
oduct
sM.

i
. Usi
ngcondi
ti
onedr
efl
exbyt
aki
ngt
heani
malf
ormi
l
kingundersome
env
ironmenteachmi
l
kingt
ime

i
i
. Rubbi
ngt
eat
sonani
mal
’
sudderwi
thacl
eanpi
eceofcl
othdi
ppedi
n
war
m

2012

2.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
tht
woani
mal
feedsl
abel
edZ(
Elephantgr
ass)andY(
beanf
lour
)

a.Cl
assi
fyZandYi
ntot
wogr
oupsofani
mal
feeds

Z Roughage

Yconcent
rat
es

b.(
i)Whi
choft
het
woani
malf
eedsi
ssui
tabl
eforacowi
nthel
astsi
zeweeksof
pr
egnancy
?

 Y

(
ii
)Gi
vear
easonf
ory
ouranswer

 t
obui
l
dupt
hei
rbodi
es

 Tosust
aingr
owt
h

 Hi
ghmi
l
kpr
oduct
ion

 Pr
epar
eforpar
tur
it
ion

c.Descr
ibehowf
eedzcoul
dbepr
ocessedandst
oredashay
.

 Cut
ti
nggr
assbef
oref
lower
ing

 Dr
yingt
oreducemoi
stur
econt
ent
Page2of2 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Gat
her
ingt
oreducest
oragespace

 St
acki
ng/
stor
ingi
nashedt
oav
oidexposur
etor
ainorsun

3.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thsampl
elabel
edB(
groundnutst
em)

a.i
dent
if
ythesampl
esB

 gr
oundnuthaul
m

b.Dr
awt
hecr
osssect
ion sampl
eBandl
abel
anyf
ourpar
ts

4.Pr
act
ical
5

(
a)(
i)I
dent
if
ythesampl
esB(
mai
zeweev
il
)

 Mai
zeweev
il

(
ii
)Towhi
chgr
oupofi
nsect
s’pestdobel
ong.

 Bor
ingi
nsectpest

(
b)Ment
ionanyt
woef
fect
scausedbyi
nsect
spest
s

i
. Bor
ingi
nsect
s

 Bor
edpl
ant
sdi
equi
ckl
y

 Lowert
hequal
i
tyofst
oredpr
oduceandt
husl
ower
sthef
armer
’si
ncome

(
c)Ment
ion anyf
ourf
act
orst
hata f
armer
sneed t
o consi
derwhen maki
ng a
deci
siont
ocont
rol
pest
s

 Nat
ureofdamagecausedbyt
hepest
s

 Thepestpopul
ati
on

 Cr
opsy
iel
ds

Page3of3 PHI
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PCHI
RWA
2019
  Pr
iceofpr
oduct
s

 Av
ail
abl
eofpest
scont
rol
input
s

 Cost
/pot
ent
ial
benef
it
srat
io

 Qual
i
tyofpr
oduct

 I
nfl
uencet
otheecosy
stem bycont
rol
met
hod

(
d)Whatar
efouradv
ant
agesoft
hechemi
cal
pest
s’cont
rol
?

 I
tcanber
epeat
edasqui
ckaspossi
ble

 I
tisr
elat
ivel
yeasymet
hodofcont
rol

 I
tpr
oducesqui
ckandeasyr
esul
ts

 I
tischeapandi
ndi
vi
dualf
armer
scant
akei
ndependentact
ionont
hei
r
f
arm

(
e)Whatar
efi
vedi
sadv
ant
agesofchemi
cal
pestcont
rol

 Pest
ici
desr
arel
yki
l
lpest
sandt
her
esi
dualpopul
ati
onwhi
chsur
viv
es
soonhel
pst
ocauseeconomi
csdamage

 Pest
ici
descanbet
oxi
ctobenef
ici
ali
nsect
se.
g.pol
l
inat
ors,
predat
or

 Chemi
calcont
rolmustber
epet
it
ive andmustbeappl
i
edwhenev
ert
her
e
i
spestout
break,
thati
swast
eful

 Pest
s may dev
elop r
esi
stance t
o pest
ici
des whi
ch r
educes t
he
ef
fect
ivenessoft
hatpest
ici
desont
hatpest

 Pest
ici
desar
eexpensi
vet
omanuf
act
ureandbuy

Pr
act
ical
9

5.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thspeci
menS(
beanseed)

Page4of4 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 (
a)I
dent
if
ythespeci
menS

Beanseeds

(
b)Dr
awt
hespeci
menasy
ouseei
t

(
c)Ony
ourdi
agr
am l
abel
fouri
mpor
tantpar
tsf
orgr
owt
h

(
d)St
ateanyt
wof
unct
ionsofanyonepar
tyouhav
elabel
ed.

Mi
cropy
le:
asmal
lhol
enearhi
l
um

i
. I
tist
hepl
acewher
emostoft
hewat
eri
sabsor
bedbef
oreger
minat
ion

i
i
. At
inywhol
ewhi
chal
l
owsai
rtopasst
hroughf
orr
espi
rat
ionoft
heembr
yo

(
e)Whati
sger
minat
ion?

Thepr
ocessbywhi
chseedsbegi
ntodev
elopi
ntonewpl
ant
s

(
f)Ment
ionf
ourcondi
ti
onsnecessar
yforger
minat
iont
otakepl
acedescr
ibeany
t
wot
ypesofger
minat
iont
haty
ouknow.

i
. Vi
abl
eseeds

i
i
. Wat
er/
moi
stur
e

i
i
i. Oxy
gen/
air

i
v. Sui
tabl
etemper
atur
e

Page5of5 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 (
g)Descr
ibet
het
womai
nty
pesofger
minat
iont
haty
ouknow.

i
. Hy
pogealger
minat
ion:wher
ecot
yledonr
emai
nbel
owgr
oundt
hroughout
t
hest
agesoft
heger
minat
ion.e.
g.i
nmai
ze

i
i
. Epi
gealger
minat
ion:i
nwhi
chcot
yledonsar
eli
ft
edabov
ethef
ir
stl
eav
es
oft
henewl
yemer
gedpl
ant
se.
g.gr
oundnut
s

i
i
i. Pr
act
ical
15

6.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thsoi
lsampl
esl
abel
edA(
Topsoi
l
)B(
Sub-
soi
l
)whi
chwer
e
t
akenf
rom t
hesamesoi
lpr
ofi
l
eofacer
tai
nfar
m atBundacol
l
egeofagr
icul
tur
e.

a.I
dent
if
ythesampl
esAandB

i
. At
opsoi
l

Bsubsoi
l

b.St
ateonephy
sical
andchemi
cal
proper
tyt
hatmakest
hesoi
lsampl
esAandB

 chemi
cal
l
ytopsoi
lhasgotal
otofnut
ri
ent
sascompar
edt
osub-
soi
l

 phy
sical
l
ysampl
eAi
sdar
ktoy
ell
owi
shi
ncol
ourwhi
l
eBi
sreddi
sht
oor
ange

c.Di
scussanyt
woway
sthr
oughwhi
chAwoul
dlosei
tsmi
ner
alel
ement
seasi
l
y.

i
. Thoughmi
ner
alsbei
ngusedbycr
opandnev
err
epl
acedt
hecr
opi
staken
away
.

i
i
. Thr
oughl
eachi
ngofnut
ri
ent
stoot
herl
ayer
sduet
otoomuchr
ainf
allordue
st
ruct
ureoft
hesoi
l

d.Expl
ain br
ief
lyt
hree r
easons why i
tisi
mpor
tanti
n agr
icul
tur
eto hav
ea
dev
elopedsoi
lpr
ofi
l
e.

 Hasdeepandr
icht
opsoi
lwi
thal
otofnut
ri
ent
sforcr
opsgr
owt
h

Page6of6 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Sub-
soi
li
sloosel
ypackedf
oreasypenet
rat
ionofr
oot
s,dr
ainage,
aer
ati
on

 Thesub-
soi
lisl
oosel
ypackedt
oensur
ethater
osi
ondoesnott
akepl
aceand
r
educesdegr
eesofr
un-
off

e.Expl
ainanyt
hreemet
hodsofmai
ntai
ningsoi
lfer
ti
li
tyi
nourMal
awi
ansoi
l
s.

 Gooddr
ainaget
oav
oidwat
erl
oggi
ng

 Goodaer
ati
ont
opr
omot
eheal
thyr
ootdev
elopmentofcr
ops

 Makesur
ethesoi
l
shav
eenoughdept
hst
oaf
for
dpl
ant
sroot
sgr
eat
erv
olume
t
oexpl
oit
s

f
. Ment
iont
wot
ypeofsoi
lst
ruct
ure.

 Pl
aty  Cuboi
dal

 Bl
ocky  Col
umnar

 Cr
umby  Si
ngl
e-gr
ain

 Pr
ismat
ic

Pr
act
ical
19quest
ion2

7.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thsampl
esX(
madey
a)andY(
elephant
sgr
ass)

a.I
dent
if
ythet
wosampl
es

 X:
dey
aormai
zebr
anormadey
a

 Y:
elephant
s

b.Bet
weent
het
wosampl
eswhi
chonehashi
ghener
gyv
alue

 Madey
a(mai
zebr
an)

c.Namet
hesampl
ethatcanbeaddi
ti
vef
eedt
ochi
ckenst
hatl
ayeggs

Page7of7 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Li
me

d.Li
stot
heraddi
ti
vesf
eedt
hatcanbesuppl
i
edt
ochi
ckensapar
tfr
om t
heone
ment
ionedi
n“C”abov
e.

 Oxy
-vi
t

 Mi
ner
all
i
cks

e.Mr
s.mazengopl
anst
ogr
azehert
wel
vecat
tl
eon1.
5hect
aresofst
argr
ass.
Howev
erdur
ingt
hewetseasont
her
eisusual
l
ymor
egr
asst
hant
henumberof
ani
mal
sthatcanf
eedont
hem.

i
. I
fyouwer
eaf
armer
,whatwoul
dyoudoi
nthi
ssi
tuat
ion

 Conser
vesomeoft
hest
argr
asst
obeuseddur
ingt
imesofscar
cit
yli
kei
n
f
orm ofhayorsi
l
lage

i
i
. St
ateanyf
iver
easonsf
ory
ouransweri
n(i
)abov
e.

 Toconser
vesomeoft
hest
argr
asst
obeuseddur
ingt
imesofscar
cit
yli
ke
f
orm ofhayandsi
l
age

 Tomi
nimi
zewast
ageofpast
ures

 Pr
eser
venut
ri
ti
vev
alueofpast
ureorst
ar

 Leadt
ohi
ghpast
ureorst
arpr
oduct
ionbecausei
twi
l
l-r
egr
ow

i
i
i. Expl
ainanyt
woway
sinwhi
chseasonalpr
oduct
ionoft
argr
assaf
fect
sit
s
qual
i
tyandquant
it
y

 I
n wetseason t
her
eis pl
ent
yofpast
ure ofgood qual
i
tyi
nter
ms of
pal
atabi
l
ityanddi
gest
ibi
l
ity

 I
ndr
yseasonst
arorpast
urescar
ceandt
hequal
i
tymaybel
owbecauseof
hi
ghf
ibr
econt
ent
sthatmakesi
tlesspal
atabl
e

Page8of8 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 f
. Whatf
ourf
act
orsshoul
dbeconsi
der
edbef
oref
ormul
ati
nganani
mal
feed?

 Nut
ri
ent
srequi
rement
soft
heani
mal
bei
ngf
ed

 Ageorsi
zeoft
heani
mal

 Pal
atabi
l
ityoft
hef
eedst
uff

 Nut
ri
ent
scont
ent
soft
hef
eeds

Pr
act
ical
23quest
ion1

8.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thspeci
menX(
soakedbeanseed)

a.(
i)i
dent
if
ythesampl
eX

=Beanseeds

(
ii
)Dr
awandl
abel
anyt
hreeext
ernal
par
toft
hespeci
menX

b.Remov
ethet
est
aanddi
vi
det
he4speci
menXi
ntot
wopar
ts.Dr
aw cl
ear
lyt
he
di
vi
dedXandl
abel
anyt
hreepar
ts.

Page9of9 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 c.Expl
ainonef
unct
ionoft
het
hreei
nter
nal
par
tsl
abel
edi
n(b)abov
e

i
. Test
a=pr
otect
stheembr
yoagai
nstmechani
cal
inj
uryandent
ryger
ms

i
i
. Mi
cropy
le:
all
owsai
rtoent
ert
heseedf
orr
espi
rat
ion

i
i
i. Hi
l
um:
blackscarwher
ethef
uni
clewasat
tached

d.Nameonef
unct
ionoft
het
hreei
nter
nal
par
tsl
abel
edi
n“b”

i
. Radi
cle:
for
mspr
imar
yroot
s

i
i
. Pl
umul
e:gr
owsi
ntoy
oungshoot

i
i
i. Cot
yledon:
cont
ainsf
oodf
ordev
elopi
ngembr
yo

e.Descr
ibeonei
mpor
tanceofl
egumest
othegr
owi
ngpopul
ati
ont
ohumanheal
th.

=Sour
ceofpr
otei
nsf
orbodygr
owt
handdev
elopment

f
. Ment
ionf
ournat
ural

Pr
act
ical
4

Page10of10 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
9.y
ouar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thA(
sandsoi
l
)andC(
loam soi
l
)

a.i
dent
if
ythet
wosoi
lsampl
es

A=Sandysoi
l

B=l
oam soi
l

b.Whi
choft
het
hreesoi
lsampl
esi
sgoodf
ormai
zegr
owt
handdev
elopment
?

c.ment
iononemet
hodofi
mpr
ovi
ngt
hepr
oduct
ivi
tyofA

 byaddi
ngor
gani
cmat
tert
oimpr
ovesoi
lst
ruct
ure

d.Whatar
ethef
ivechar
act
eri
sti
cofsampl
eC.
?

 Moder
atel
yfi
ne-
text
ure

 Moder
atel
ywel
l
-dr
ained

 Moder
atel
yfer
ti
le

 Moder
atel
ytosl
i
ght
lyaci
dic

 Cont
ainal
mostequal
propor
ti
onsofcl
ayandsand

e.Dr
awandl
abel
anyf
ourpar
tsofasoi
lpr
ofi
l
e.

Page11of11 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 Pr
act
ical
5

10.
Your
epr
ovi
dedwi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngmat
eri
als.

 Onet
easspoonf
ull
ofsampl
eX(
loam soi
l
)andsoi
lsampl
eY(
sandsoi
l
)

 2f
unnel
s

 Two50ml
measur
ingcy
li
nder
s

 Fi
l
terpaper
s

 20ml
ofwat
eri
nasepar
atecont
ainer

 Twodi
ff
erentt
ypesofseedsl
abel
edAandB

PROCEDURE

 Putf
il
terpaperi
nsi
deaf
unnelandpl
acei
tont
opofeach50mlmeasur
ing

Page12of12 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 cy
li
nder

 Putat
abl
espoonf
ull
ofsoi
li
ntoeachf
unnel

 Add20ml
ofwat
ert
oeachf
unnel

 Obser
vet
hewat
ermov
ementt
hrought
hesoi
lsampl
eint
othecy
li
nder

i
. Whi
chsoi
lsampl
ehashi
ghwat
erhol
dingcapaci
ty?

 X-
loam

i
i
. Gi
vear
easony
ouranswer
sin10(
i)abov
e

 Lesswat
eri
scol
l
ect
edf
rom soi
lsampl
eincy
li
nder

 Mor
ewat
eri
sret
ainedi
nsoi
lsampl
e

 Sl
owr
ateofwat
ermov
ementf
rom soi
l

i
i
i. Whi
chsoi
lsampl
eispr
onet
ohi
ghaci
dit
y

 Y-
Sandsoi
l

i
v. Expl
ainoner
easonf
ory
ouransweri
n10(
ii
i)abov
e

 nut
ri
ent
sleachandt
heyar
erepl
acedbyhy
drogeni
onswhi
chi
ncr
eases
aci
dit
y

11.
youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thspeci
mensofl
i
vest
ockf
eedsl
abel
edM (
beanf
lour
/beanmeal
)
andN(
elephantgr
ass)
.uset
hem t
oanswerquest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

a.I
dent
if
ythecl
assesoft
hel
i
vest
ockf
eed

 M-
concent
rat
e

 N-
roughage

b.(
i)Whi
chspeci
meni
ssui
tabl
eforr
umi
nant
s?

Page13of13 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  N-
roughage/
elephantgr
ass

(
ii
)Gi
vear
easonf
ory
ouranswer

 Abl
etodi
gestcel
l
ulose

c.(
i)Whi
chgr
oupofspeci
mencanbef
edt
o beefcat
tl
ethr
eeweeksbef
ore
sl
aught
eri
ng?

 M-beanf
lour

(
ii
)Gi
vear
easonf
ory
ouranswer

 Because i
t i
s r
ich i
n pr
otei
ns and used f
or body bui
l
ding
muscl
es/
fresh/
meat

d.St
atet
hreer
easonsf
orf
eedi
ngl
i
vest
ockwi
thspeci
mens

 Fr
omai
ntenanceoft
hei
rbodi
es

 Forpr
oduct
ion

 Forpr
oduct
ionofpr
oduct
ssuchas,
eggsandmi
l
k

 Forheal
thoft
heani
mal
s

12.
Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thspeci
mensl
abel
edL(
nsenj
ereorst
argr
ass)
.

a.i
dent
if
ythespeci
menl
abel
edL

El
ephantgr
ass

b.Towhi
chgr
oupofl
i
vest
ockf
eeddoest
hisspeci
menbel
ong?

 Roughage

c.St
ateanyt
wo char
act
eri
sti
coff
eedswhi
chbel
ong t
othegr
oup t
othegr
oup
ment
ionedabov
e.

i
. Hi
ghf
ibr
econt
ent
s
Page14of14 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 i
i
. I
tsuppl
i
esf
ewernut
ri
ent
speruni
tmass

d.Expl
aint
woadv
ant
agesofgr
owi
ngspeci
menLt
oget
herwi
thl
eucaena.

i
. I
tIi
ncr
easest
otal
biomassi
nthef
eedwhi
chsat
isf
yhungeri
ntheani
mal

i
i
. I
tpr
ovi
dest
hemuchneededf
ibr
ewhi
chhel
psi
nper
ist
alsi
s

e.gi
vet
woexampl
esofpast
ureswhi
chcanbeusedi
ntobaccor
otat
iont
ocont
rol
wor
ms

i
. kat
ombor
agr
ass

i
i
. emal
olov
egr
ass

13.
a.whati
sseedr
ate?

 I
stheamountofseedsr
equi
redperhect
are,
usual
l
yexpr
essedi
nkg/
ha

b.cal
cul
atet
heseedr
atef
orapast
urespeci
esusi
ngt
hef
owl
i
ngi
nfor
mat
ion;

i
.seedsi
ze=200000seed/
kg

i
i
.Pur
it
y=70%

i
i
i.Ger
minat
ion=50%

i
v. Expect
edpl
antpopul
ati
on=900000pl
ant
sperhect
are.

expectedplantpopual
tionperha
seedr
ate=
seedsize×puri
ty×ger
mi nat
ion%

900000×kg×100×1000
1ha×200000×70×50

12.
857kg/
ha

=12.
9kg/
ha

a.Ment
ionanyf
ivequal
i
tiesofgoodseedf
orpl
ant
ing.
Page15of15 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 i
. Shoul
dbev
iabl
e

i
i
. Bewhol
e,l
argeandpl
ump

i
i
i. Shoul
dbedi
seasesandwood-
fr
ee

i
v. Shoul
dbepur
etot
ype

v
. Shoul
dbeofhi
ghy
iel
dingv
ari
ety

b.St
ateanyf
ivef
act
orst
hataf
fectt
heseedr
ateofpast
ures

i
. Gr
owt
hhabi
tofpar
ti
cul
arspeci
esofpast
ure

i
i
. Met
hodsofsowi
ngt
hepast
urespeci
es

i
i
i. Seesi
zeoft
hepast
urespeci
es

i
v. Pur
it
yift
hepast
ureseeds

v
. Ger
minat
ionper
cent
ageoft
hepast
urespeci
es

1.Youar
epr
ovi
dedwi
thsoi
lsampl
esL(
loam)andS(
sand)i
nfunnel
spl
acedon
coni
calf
lasks.Pourt
hewat
ert
oeachoft
hesoi
l
satt
hesamet
imeandl
ow t
he
sampl
etosandf
or20mi
nut
esbef
oreobser
vingt
her
esul
ts.

a.Whi
choft
het
wosoi
l
ssampl
eshast
hehi
ghestwat
err
etent
ion?

 L

b.Whi
choft
het
wosampl
eshast
hel
owestwat
err
etent
ion?

 S

c.Gi
veanyt
wor
easonsf
ort
hedi
ff
erencesi
nwat
err
etent
ionbet
weent
het
hree
sampl
es.

 Lhasmedi
um si
zepar
ti
cles

 Shasl
argepol
es
Page16of16 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 d.Whatconcl
usi
oncanbedr
awnont
heper
meabi
l
ityoft
het
hreesoi
lsampl
es?

 Loam soi
lhasmoder
atedwat
erhol
dingcapaci
ty

e.Namet
hesampl
ethatwoul
dbev
eryunsui
tabl
eforr
icegr
owi
ng?

 S

f
. Gi
vet
wor
easonswhyt
hesoi
lyouhav
ement
ionedi
n(e)i
sver
yunsui
tabl
efor
gr
owi
ngr
ice.

 I
thasl
owwat
err
etent
ion

 I
thasl
ownut
ri
ent
sret
ain

(
b)Tabl
e2showsper
cent
agesofnut
ri
ent
sav
ail
abl
einsoi
latdi
ff
erentpHv
alues.Use
i
tanswer
sthequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

pHv
alues 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Pot
assi
um % 77 76 75 70 60 50 45 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Phosphor
ous 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 70 75 76 77 78
%

i
.Descr
ibet
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofnut
ri
ent
sandt
hepH
v
alues.

 WhenPHi
slowphosphor
usav
ail
abi
l
itybecomel
owwhi
l
epot
assi
um become
hi
gh

 AtPH7t
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofphosphor
ousandpot
assi
um becomesequal

i
i
.Whatcoul
dhappent
otheav
ail
abi
l
ityoft
hephosphor
ousi
faf
armer
appl
i
esl
i
met
othesoi
l
?

 Phosphor
usav
ail
abi
l
itywoul
dbehi
gh
Page17of17 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 i
i
i.Gi
vear
easonf
ort
heanswer
.

 Li
mer
educesaci
dit
y,hencemaki
ngphosphor
ousmor
eav
ail
abl
e/sol
ubl
e

 Maki
ngsoi
lmor
eal
kal
i
ne/
incr
eases/
ri
sessoi
lPH

4(
a)bel
owi
saf
igur
eshowi
ngt
wobr
eedsofcat
tl
elabel
edBandC

i
. whi
choft
het
wobr
eedsi
sbeef

Beefbr
eed

 B

Dai
rybr
eed

 C

i
i
. Ment
ionanyt
wochar
act
eri
sti
cst
hathav
emadey
oui
dent
if
ythebr
eedabov
e.

Dai
rybr
eeds

 Lar
geudder

 Tr
iangul
ari
nshape

 Thi
nbodywi
thl
i
ttl
efr
esh

 Shor
tlegs

Beefbr
eeds

Page18of18 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Smal
ludder

 Deepbody

 Rect
angul
ari
nshape/
blocky

 Shor
tlegs

i
i
i. Whatnamei
sgi
vent
oadi
seaset
hatat
tackst
heudderoft
hecat
tl
e?

 Mast
it
is

i
v. St
ateanyt
woway
sofcont
rol
l
ingt
hedi
seaset
haty
ouhav
ement
ionedabov
e.

 Fol
l
owhy
gienewhenmi
l
king

 Useant
ibi
oti
cs

b.t
abl
e2showsanexampl
eofamar
ket
ingr
ecor
dformai
zeoff
arm dur
ing2011/
12
f
armi
ngseason.Usei
ttoanswert
hequest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow.

dat
e Amount sol
d Pr
ice/
uni
t(
mk) I
ncome(
mk) Mar
ket
(
kg)

20/
04/
2011 50 20 1000 A

A 50 25 1250 B

02/
12/
2012 100 75 7500 A

07/
12/
12/
2012 100 100 10000 B

(
ii
) I
faf
armerspentk5000dur
ingt
he2011/
12f
armi
ngseason,
showbycal
cul
ati
on
whet
hert
hef
armer
4shoul
dcont
inuewi
tht
hemai
zeent
erpr
isei
n2012/
2013
f
armi
ngseason.

MK(
1000+1250+7500+10000)
-k5000

Mk(
19750-
5000)

Page19of19 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 =K14,
750

Concl
usi
on

Far
mershoul
dcont
inuebecausehemadepr
ofi
t

(
ii
i) cal
cul
atepr
iceel
ast
ici
tyofsuppl
yfort
hemai
zeent
erpr
iseatmar
ketA

∆Q P1 (
100-50)20 50×20 1000
PES= × , × , , =0.
4
∆P Q1 (75-
20) 50 50×50 2500

(
iv) Namet
hedegr
eeofpr
iceel
ast
ici
tyofsuppl
yinb(
ii
)

 I
nel
ast
ic

1.a.Fi
gur
e1i
sadi
agr
am showi
ngsoi
ltr
iangl
e.Usei
ttoanswerquest
ionst
hatf
oll
ow

a.I
dent
if
ythet
ypeofsoi
lwhi
chhast
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
opor
ti
onsofsoi
lpar
ti
cles:

i
.30%cl
ay,
8%sandand62%si
l
t.

Page20of20 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Si
l
tcl
ayl
oam

i
i
.8%cl
ay,
80%sandand12%si
l
t.

 Loamysand

b.St
atet
heper
cent
ageofsandatt
hef
oll
owi
ngpoi
nt:

 75%

c.Expl
ainwhi
choft
hesoi
l
s(Soi
lXorSoi
lZ)i
s:

d. (
i)Li
kel
ytobemor
eaci
dic?

 Z

(
ii
)Expl
aint
her
easonf
ory
ouranswer
,

 Becausei
thashi
ghpr
opor
ti
onofsandwhi
chpr
omot
esl
eachi
nghence
mor
eaci
dic

e.(
i)Li
kel
ytohav
ehi
ghpr
opor
ti
onofnut
ri
ent
s?

 X

(
ii
)Expl
aint
her
easonf
ory
ouranswer
.

 Becausei
thaspr
opor
ti
onofcl
aypar
ti
cleshencemor
enut
ri
ent
s
r
etent
ion

2.a.Fi
gur
e2showst
hel
act
ati
oncur
veofadai
rycow.Usei
ttoanswerquest
ionst
hat
f
oll
ow:

Page21of21 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 i
. Gi
veoner
easonf
ort
hedecl
i
neofmi
l
kinst
ageB.

 Theani
mal
ispr
egnanthencemostnut
ri
ent
sar
eusedbyt
hegr
owi
ng
f
oet
us

i
i
. Whi
chst
ager
epr
esent
sthedr
yper
iod.

 C

i
i
i. Expl
ainanyt
woi
mpor
tanceoft
hedr
yper
iod.

 Enabl
est
hecowt
orecei
vedr
ycowt
her
apyt
oav
oidbact
eri
a
i
nfect
ions/
mast
it
is

 Al
l
owst
heuddert
opr
oper
lydev
elopi
nreadi
nessf
ort
henextl
act
ati
on

 I
tal
l
owst
hecow’
sbodyt
opr
epar
eforpar
tur
it
ion

i
v. Expl
ainhowt
hel
act
ati
onper
iodaf
fect
smi
l
kyi
eld.

 They
iel
doft
hecowi
ncr o6tht
easesupt o7thweeksaf
terpar
ti
ti
onand
decl
i
nesunt
ilani
mal
dri
esof
f

Tabl
ebelowshowsreproduct
ivecy
clesofthef
ourt
ypesoff
arm ani
mal
sbel
ongi
ngt
oMr
s.
Banda.Usei
ttoanswerquest
ionsthatf
oll
ow.
Ty
peofani
mal Lengt
hof Dur
ati
onof Lengt
hof Ti
meof

Page22of22 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 est
rouscy
cles est
rous gest
ati
on ov
ulat
ion(
hour
s)
(
day
s) cy
cles(
hour
s) (
day
s)

Cow 21 18 283 10af

terend
oest
rous

Ewe 17 36 150 36af

ter
begi
nni
ngof
est
rous

Sow 21 48 115 36af

ter
begi
nni
ngof
est
rous

nanny 20 36 150 Notknown

a.Whi
chani
mal
hast
hel
ongestper
iod?

 sow

b.Expl
ainoneadv
ant
ageofhav
ingal
ongerheatper
iod?

 I
tincr
easest
hechancesofconcept
ion

c.anannywasonheat27thJune2010butwasnotser
ved.

i
.St
ateanyt
hreeway
sMr
s.Bandawoul
dhav
eknownt
henannywasonheat
.

 Nannyf
requent
lywagt
ail

 Shesomet
imesmountot
hernanni
es

 Thev
ulv
abecomesr
ed

i
i
.Whatwast
henex
tappr
opr
iat
edat
eser
vingt
henanny
?Showy
ourwor
king.

27t
hjune+20day
s=17t
hjul
y,
2010
Page23of23 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
b.Mr
s.Bandapl
anst
ohav
eherewegi
vebi
rhon31stDecember
t ,2010.

i
.Whenshoul
dsheal
l
owt
heewet
omat
e?Showy
ourwor
king.

gest
ati
onper
iod=31+30+31+30+31=153day
s,l
engt
hofgest
ati
onper
iod
=150day
s,153-
150
=3dayaf
terst
artofaugust
,thenani
mal
mustbeser
vedon4t
h
august
,2010

i
i
.Expl
ainoneadv
ant
ageofpl
anni
ngt
ohav
et ambon31stDecember
heewesl ,2010.

 I
tensur
est
hatl
ambi
ngt
akespl
acewhent
her
eispl
ent
yoff
eeds

Page24of24 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 Page25of25 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 Page26of26 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
a.Sedi
ment
ati
onmet
hod
Appar
atusandmat
eri
als

 Gar
densoi
l

 250cm3measur
ingcy
li
nder

 sodi
um car
baonat
e

Pr
ocedur
e

 Put50ggar
densoi
ln250cm3measur
i ingcy
li
nder

 Add10gofsodi
um car
bonat
e.Thi
shel
pst
odi
sper
set
hepar
ti
cles

 Add200cm3ofwat
er

 Cov
ert
hemountoft
hecy
li
nderwi
thy
ourpal
m andshakev
igor
ousl
y

Page27of27 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
  Leav
ethecont
ent
stost
andf
oraboutanhour

 Obser
vet
heset
tl
edl
ayer
s
Obser
vat
ion

 Thesoi
lpar
ti
clesset
tl
eaccor
dingt
othei
rsi
zes.

 Thelar
gestandheav
iestwer
eatt
hebot
tom andt
hesmal
l
estandl
i
ght
estset
tl
e
att
hetop

a.Li
vi
ngor
gani
sm
 Theseincludet hefol
lowingrodents,worms,i
nsectsandmicro-
organi
sm.Play
vi
talrol
einsoi lfor
mat i
on.Bacter
iahelpsindecomposingor
ganicmatterwhi
le
otherbact
erial
likerhi
zobium f
ixni
trogeni
nthesoil
.
 Al
lli
vi
ngthingsrespi
reandcar
bondi
oxi
deisrel
easedasaby-
product
s.Car
bon
di
oxi
deistestedusi
ngli
mewater,
car
bontur
nsli
mewatermi
lky
.
Exper
iment6:
toshowt
hepr
esenceofmi
cro-
organi
smsi
nthesoi
l
Appar
atusandmat
eri
als

 Two250cm3coni
cal
flasks

 Rubberst
opper
s

 Fr
eshgar
densoi
l

 Musl
i
nbags

 Sour
ceofheat
Page28of28 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 Li
mewat
er

Pr
ocedur
e

 Putasampl
eoft
hesoi
li
nmusl
i
nbagandt
iei
twi
thast
ri
ng

 Putanequal
amountofbur
ntsoi
l(cont
rol
treat
ment
)inanot
hermusl
i
nbagandt
iei
t
wit
hastri
ng.

 Suspendeachmusl
i
nbagi
naconi
calf
laskscont
aini
ngl
i
mewat
erandl
abelt
hem A
andB

 Cor
ktheconi
cal
flaskst
ight
ly

 Leav
ethesetupf
or6-
12hour
s

Resul
ts

 Li
mei nconi
calfl
askAtur
nsmil
ky,whil
etherei
snochangeinthel
i
mewateri
n
watercont
ainedinfl
askB.bur
ningkill
stheli
v i
ngorgani
smssother
eisno
pr
oducti
onofcarbondi
oxi
dei
ntheflaskwit
hburntsoi
l
.
Concl
usi
on

 Soi
lcont
ainsmi
cro-
organi
sms

Page29of29 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019
 Page30of30 PHI
LLI
PCHI
RWA
2019