TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ACADEMIC TRACK

Image of Philippines National Police (PNP) Personnel as perceived by

the G12 HUMSS students at Tanza National Trade School (S.Y. 2022-
2023)

Submitted to
the Faculty of
Tanza National Trade School
Senior High School
Tanza, Cavite

In partial fulfillment
of the requirement in
Inquiry, Investigation, and Immersion

Gonzales, Franchesca
Dumandan, Althea
Caminero, Trisha Mae
Gecoso, Kimberly
Saberon, Hanna
Clemente, Renebel

March 2023
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The Philippine National Police (PNP) is a critical component of the country's

law enforcement system. Its role in maintaining peace and order, enforcing the law,

and promoting public safety cannot be overstated. However, the perception of the

PNP among the public, particularly students, is an important consideration. These

opinions and perceptions tend to affect the law enforcement officer’s work

performance and should be considered as an important element of a successful police

training and effective activity planning. In the context of studying the image of the

PNP perceived by students, personal interaction, media, and hearsay can be

considered independent variables, while perception or opinion is the dependent

variable. Personal interaction refers to the direct experiences that students have with

PNP officers. This could include interactions such as reporting a crime, seeking

assistance during an emergency, or participating in community events organized by

the PNP. The quality of these interactions could impact students' perception of the

PNP, which is the dependent variable. Media is another independent variable that can

impact students' perception of the PNP. This includes coverage of the PNP in

traditional media outlets such as newspapers, television, and radio, as well as social

media. Positive or negative media coverage can shape students' opinions of the PNP,

making media an important independent variable to consider. Hearsay, or rumors and

gossip, is another independent variable that could impact students' perception of the

PNP. This includes information that is not necessarily based on facts, but rather on
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rumors or secondhand information. Hearsay can spread quickly through

social media and other channels, potentially shaping students' opinions of

the PNP. The dependent variable in this study is perception or opinion. This refers to

how students view and evaluate the PNP based on their personal experiences, media

coverage, and hearsay. Perception or opinion is influenced by the independent

variables of personal interaction, media, and hearsay, making it the variable that is

affected by these independent factors.

According to the study of (Wu, 2014 as cited by Silva A. et. al., 2022) Blacks,

Hispanics, and Asians, when faced with police harassment or racial profiling, either

against themselves or others, were more likely to have negative impressions of the

police than Whites were on the same topics.

According to (Wu 2014, as cited by Huebner, et. al., 2022 ) Results reveal both

majority–minority and inter minority variations in attitudes towards police, suggesting

that a single vertical scale or gradation of attitudes cannot adequately describe the

complexity of different racial/ethnic groups' perceptions of multiple aspects of

policing. A range of individual demographic, police- and crime-related, and

neighbourhood structural and cultural factors influence public perceptions of the

police. Some interesting findings include that educational attainment and

employment have negative effects on public satisfaction with the police, police

visibility is associated with greater satisfaction with police problem solving yet

stronger beliefs on police harassment and racial profiling, and neighbourhood codes

of violence is a consistent and outstanding predictor of public perceptions of the

police.
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The Philippine National Police (PNP) received the highest percentage

of 9% from Social Weather Stations (SWS), which is regarded as having

"very little" faith in the police (SWS, National Survey on People's Level of Trust in

Institutions, May 28-June 14, 2003, Pelayo, et. al., 2019).

The survey also finds that netizens have a bad image of police officers; the

media in the anti-drug campaign is generally balanced in tone, and no excessive

manipulation of news favoring one group over another is observed. the media

frameworks employed in reporting the issue in our president's war on drugs initiative,

Rodrigo Roa Duterte (Geçer & Mahinay, 2018).

Studies that are investigative about media consumption have shown that

negative perception of police officers increase as media coverage of police scandals

and brutality increase (Lasley, 1994, as cited in Claxton, 2018).

Although many previous research have found that interaction with the police

including racial or social profiling and harassment of police not only to themselves

but also to others affect the opinion of public few research was found as well that

most police - citizen interaction that are exposed online are negative that greatly affect

the perception of public towards police personnel. Moreover, only a couple of studies

have found the influence of the experience of others experience in Police officer

shared in individuals .. Due to the lack of results, the researcher will conduct a study

focusing on personal interaction, news media, and hearsay as the factors that affect

the image of PNP personnel perceived by Grade 12 HUMSS (Humanities and Social

Science) at Tanza National Trade School-Main.

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Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study will determine the image of PNP Police

perceived by Grade 12 students in Tanza National Trade School - Main

Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of sex?

2. What are the basis of the participants perception in the PNP Police in terms of:

a) Personal experience

b) News Media

c) Hearsay

3. Is there a significant difference between the male and female perceptions in PNP
police?

Objectives of the Study

This study aims to investigate the image of PNP Police perceived by Grade

12 HUMSS students in Tanza National Trade School – Main.

Specifically, this study aims:

1. To determine the demographic profile of the participants in terms of sex.

2. To assess the basis of the participants perception in PNP police in terms of:

a.) Personal experience

b) News Media

c) Hearsay
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3. To evaluate the significant difference between the male and female
perception in PNP Police.

Hypotheses of the Study

Ho There is no significant difference between the male and female perception

in PNP police.

Theoretical Framework

This study is mainly anchored on the theory of George Gerbner,

Cultivation theory suggests that long-term exposure to media shapes perception

and behavior toward the world. Students who are likely to be more exposed to

media will likely believe more of what they see online and view the reality of

what's online or shown on television. To this end, primetime television, with its

repeated messages of violence, was seen as a force for cultivating public fear of

crime.

The overemphasis by news media on reporting about crime, particularly,

violent crime underpins the misplaced emphasis the public places upon crime

as a serious problem when the actuality of crime rates does not support such an

emphasis (Lowry, Nio, and Leitner, 2003). Examinations of how audience

characteristics might moderate the influence of news media on fear of crime,

however, have yet to consider how consumers actually conceptualize the news

they are exposed to, not simply the cultivation itself , as cultivation research on

entertainment television has. To truly understand cultivation effects is to also

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understand the judgments audiences make in interpreting the media

messages they receive.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

FIGURE 1.

The Conceptual Framework of Image of PNP Personnel as perceived by the

G12 HUMSS Students at Tanza National Trade School. It presents the conceptual

framework, the baseline information of the respondents by using Dependent variable

in terms of the image of PNP Personnel and Independent Variables in terms of New

Media, Personal Experience, and Hearsay will be gathered as presented in the first

frame. Necessary steps and procedures are to be implemented to obtain the data as a

result and findings of the researchers.

Significance of the Study. This study is significant to the following:

Students & Teachers. The study would give students and teachers awareness of what

the public opinion is towards the police, and it would help them know what things
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citizens based their opinions on in order to say that they viewed the police

like this or like that.

Police Officials. The police officers in the area of the study will also benefit from this

research, as they will take the public's opinions into consideration and improve their

performance to eliminate their bad reputation.

Future Researchers. This study will benefit future researchers as well, since it will

give them an idea, knowledge, and information from the results gathered by this

study.

Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the image of PNP personnel as perceived by

students at the Tanza National Trade School. Data will be collected from G12-

HUMSS students at TNTS-Main to assess the factors influencing students'

perceptions of the police. Due to a lack of funds, it is only open to G12 HUMSS

students because researchers cannot accommodate all of the schools' students.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are operationally defined for a clear understanding of

how they were used in the study:

Image of PNP Personnel. This self-image is important to determine the policemen's

relationship with the community. Since police organization sets an ethical standard

for their personnel. This study determines whether this image is present to the

policemen.
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Participants. This is a person who takes part in an investigation, study, or

experiments by answering questions set by a researcher. This refers to the

Grade 12 HUMSS (Humanities and social science) students at Tanza National Trade

School.

Perceived. According to Merriam Webster perceived is regarded in a specified way

used to say how something or someone is or thought of and to become aware through

senses. See or observe.

Philippine National Police (PNP). According to Wikipedia, the Philippine National

Police is both a national and a local police force in that it provides all law

enforcement services throughout the Philippines.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Police Interaction

According to Henderson (2020), the participants had personal stories of

firsthand encounters with police, such as false detention and arrest due to identity

theft. All interviews were available to review multiple times, and transcriptions were

sent to the participants for review.

Auguis et. al, (2018) stated that two circumstances will be the driving forces

behind the issue. One, when the public anticipates that the police will uphold the law
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and fosters peace and order among the residents of the community, the

community will give the police favorable feedback and take pride in the

job well done. The community will decide whether or not they are satisfied with the

police's actions if they expect the police to perform well and provide for the needs of

the community. However, if the police fail to uphold the law while performing their

duties and are unable to provide for the needs of the community, the community will

experience a different outcome. When the customer or community decides whether

they are unhappy with what they receive or not, disconfirmation occurs.

Akinlabi (2020) study examines the relationship between police abuse and

excessive force in Nigeria. It presents an attempt to empirically assess what is known

and how to be learned to better understand and prevent police abuse, as well as how

the use of force affects trust in the police. The data analysis was based on a context-

specific construct adopted by police-citizen relations in Nigeria, and the results were

confirmed to have a negative effect on trust in them. The implications of these

findings are discussed.

News Media

According to Claxton (2018), the students reported watching or reading the

news regularly, seeing police brutality, and seeing law enforcement being targeted.

The platforms used to access news media included TV, online websites, social

media, newspapers, and other media outlets. Additives included trust in the news

media, obligation to authority, delinquency, ideological perspectives of the criminal

justice system, perceptions of racial injustice, and police legitimacy

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According to (Varsha & Vajagathali, 2021) this study say that not all

the information about police is true Press, and other online platforms it

mainly helps the public to know what is happening in the world . Police personnels

are the most negatively affected one. Which directly affects the views of the public on

police in a wrong way invalid source specified. As a result of negative publicity on

police officials who work hard to maintain law and order in the society, they tend to

get less motivation towards the work and less willingness to solve their problems

invalid source specified.

PNP Personnel

According to Deri, et. al, (2020) the negative remarks are more crucial to take

note of in order to develop the PNP as an organization and its service delivery to the

highest possible level, even when there are some favorable comments that boost the

community's confidence in the PNP. In order to merit greater respect from the PNP,

the level of trust should be upheld and strengthened. Obtaining suggestions and input

from the neighborhood may also aid in fostering the trust and confidence needed to

win the support of the general public. Any effort toward harmony, peace, safety, and

order may be easily accomplished through partnerships, collaboration, and

cooperation that are based on mutual respect and confidence.

Furthermore, with all the controversies and issues the organization is dealing

with due to corruption, police brutality, law enforcement officials breaking the law,

negative reputation as established by some members, and similar, for many reasons.

For the Philippine National Police to improve its services, it is thought important to

conduct this study. It will assist in the preparation and effective execution of its
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various services in order to raise community members' satisfaction with

the way in which their services are provided (Guadamor, et al., 2021).

In the growth and development of the country, the community plays a vital

role. To achieve such a goal, Each part of society needs to feel safe and at peace with

one another. In essence, those in charge of maintaining the safety of a community

must have the trust and respect of the population. The Philippine National Police

(PNP) hopes that by implementing this concept, they would be able to offer a setting

that is both secure and conducive to fostering social progress. The PNP's guiding

principles are makadiyos, makabayan, makatao, and makakalikasan. PNP mandates,

based on the aforementioned values, guarantee the delivery of services, including the

enforcement of the law, the prevention and control of crime, the maintenance of

peace and order, the assurance of public safety and internal security, and the

encouragement of active community support (Deri, et al, 2020).

Shouse California Law Group (2020), unlawful detention, false arrest,

excessive force, relying on racial profiling, sex, socioeconomic and committing

perjury are also police misconducts in California. Other factors, such as having

mistresses, neglect of familial duties, excessive force, abuse of authority, planting

evidence, involvement in drug-related cases, and alcoholism, are observed in the

Philippines. On the other hand, the e-book of Roberson (2018) entitled Police

Misconduct: A Global Perspective identified some police departments in the world

with notable police misconducts. In this book, it identified Pakistani police agencies

as the most corrupt institutions. The agencies have reputations of police brutality,

extortion, bribery, and arresting innocent citizens for crimes that were knowingly

committed by police officers. Included also were: Sudan police, Russian police, Iraqi
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police, Mexican police, Haiti police, and Afghanistan police, which were

the same with Pakistani police but adding the use of violence and

retaliation against citizens who complain about police abuses, kidnapping and drug

trafficking as their common police misconducts.

Quah (2020) Police corruption is widespread in Indonesia because of the

inadequate budget allocated to the police, police officers are paid low salaries and

recruited and promoted on their ability to pay bribes instead of merit, corrupt police

officers are not detected or punished and corrupt behavior is tolerated by many

Indonesians. Consequently, policy makers in Indonesia can only minimize police

corruption if they have the political will and capacity to introduce appropriate reforms

to address its five causes

According to (McNeely and Grothoff, 2016, as cited by Griego, 2021) that

police-community relationships were challenged by perceptions the community had

previously developed toward law enforcement. The authors also found that police-

community relations are effective when public attitudes impair community trust in the

police, discourage cooperation, and cause citizens to question police legitimacy. In an

attempt to address these issues, some officials believed that implementing

community-policing models offered a means in which to rebuild police-community.

According to (Maguire & Johnson, 2010, as cited by Walden, 2021). Their

findings indicated that overall perceptions of service quality were measurable.

However, the distinct dimensions were not distinguishable due to insufficient in-

depth, detailed responses. Most importantly, the authors concluded that due to the
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unique nature and service that police provide, a service quality model

would be difficult to apply.

It is critical to remember that a sense of safety is based on perception, just like

an assessment of the police and its visibility. Because perception is so important,

police efforts to reduce fear of crime or perception of crime risk and frequency, and

incivilities would be ineffective if citizens are unaware of them (Borovec, et al.,

2019)

According to Alamban (2020), the public perception of police officers

demonstrates a significant domain equality of job performance relationships. In the

last decade, relations between police officers and citizens have been heavily

scrutinized, largely due to highly publicized incidents of police misconduct. Citizens

are questioning whether police officers are acting with integrity while protecting

citizens or if they are abusing their power and purposefully disrupting lives (Claxton,

2018).

According to Nabe, et. al, (2022) the results of this research revealed the

public image and job performance of police personnel as mediated by

perceptions of neighborhood crime, which were presented, discussed, and

interpreted based on the research objectives of the study. Accordingly, the order

of discussion on the above-mentioned subjects was as follows: level of perception

of neighborhood crime; police public image; job performance of police.

Hearsay
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According to the study of Griego (2021) Participants expressed

having been raised to respect the police, but that their parents also

instructed them to avoid and to fear the police. Friends’ and Relatives’ Negative

Experiences Affect Opinions of the Police Predictably, and in line with prior research,

we found that people who reported negative contacts with the police—contacts in

which they felt they were treated badly—tended to have lower levels of confidence in

the police. However, the opposite effect was not necessarily true: people who reported

positive experiences with the police had views of the police that were similar to the

views of people who reported no contact with police. In addition, people who reported

“neutral” experiences with the police tended to have worse opinions than people who

reported no contact.

According to Griego (2021) general opinion survey asked respondents about

their vicarious experiences with police, that the experiences of their friends and

families about which they had heard—a kind of experience unexplored in previous

research. We found that people who reported family and friends having been treated

badly in an encounter also tended to have less confidence in the police and that people

with positive vicarious encounters held opinions of the police similar to those of

people who reported no police contact. People who reported neutral vicarious

encounters tended to have worse opinions of the police than people who reported no

police contact. The apparent influence of a vicarious experience on a person’s opinion

of the police was less powerful than the influence of direct, personal experience. Yet,
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while people reported similar numbers of direct and vicarious contacts,

negative vicarious experiences were more plentiful than direct negative

experiences. This may reflect a tendency of friends, family members, and

acquaintances to talk about negative experiences more than positive ones. Thus, these

findings suggest that people’s negative encounters with the police may shape public

opinion as much through their impact on friends and family as through the citizen

directly involved in the encounters.

While the study did not find much variation in public opinion over time, we

did find substantial differences among the five precincts we surveyed. The precincts

varied according to their social and demographic make-up, including, for example,

economic status and racial and ethnic composition. These variations, as well as

differences in patterns of personal and vicarious contacts with the police, in part

appeared to explain the differences among precincts in public opinion. For example,

the precinct with the most positive views of the police also had the highest proportion

of white residents, the greatest proportion of homeowners, and the fewest reports of

negative encounters with the police. However, after controlling for social and

demographic factors and differences in patterns of police contacts, notable precinct

differences in public opinion remained.

Previous research has found that the quality of a neighborhood is an important

determinant of residents’ satisfaction with policing, both at a subjective level (relating

to perceptions of quality of life) and at an objective level (relating to economic and

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crime indicators). While we were not able to explore these aspects of

neighborhood environment further in the current study, the findings re-

emphasize the importance of neighborhood conditions as a determinant of public

opinions of local police (Foster, 2019)

It is clear from the research literature that unpleasant experiences with the

police affect individual opinions. Most people have not had recent unpleasant

experiences with the police, but many people know a family member or friend who

has. We do not know the extent to which the experiences of family and friends affect

community attitudes toward the police. For example, do contacts between police and

citizens have a ripple effect, as people tell their families, neighbors, and friends about

their experiences? And is such information important in the formation of community

opinions? The information certainly has the potential for being important, especially

in high-crime areas where many people are likely to know someone who has had an

encounter with police. There is virtually no research on this subject. One recent paper

reported that racial differences in young peoples’ attitudes toward the police

disappeared after controlling for whether they had recently heard about or witnessed

police misconduct. But the researchers’ definition of vicarious experience includes

events that young people witnessed, which is different from the concept examined

here. To find other relevant literature, we have to turn to research on fear of crime.

Several significant studies in this field suggest that information conveyed through

social networks is important to attitude formation.

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Synthesis

The Philippine National Police (PNP) is a community- and service-oriented institution

responsible for maintaining public order and the safety of the citizens. However,

what will happen if there's only a little trust remaining among the citizens toward the

police personnel? Police misconduct and excessive use of force have been studied by

several researchers, and it was found out that citizens who have had personal

interactions with police with negative experiences greatly affect their perception of

them. Moreover, several studies also stated that the media exposes the most negative

side of police personnel; it is highly publicized and often exaggerated when shown in

the media. Additionally, some studies only tell us that the influence of other

experiences shared with others greatly influences their opinion of the police as they

create an imaginative experience and criticize the police personnel.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the operational framework of the study. It includes

the following: research design, research locale, population and sample, research

instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.

Research Design
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This study employs a descriptive-correlational research design.

The descriptive correlational method describes the variables and the

relationships that occur naturally between and among them. According to Creswell

(2019), there are procedures in quantitative research in which investigators

administer a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe

something more than just data gathering because it describes the current condition of

the study through survey questionnaires as an instrumentation used in the research

study. Because the primary goal of the study is to analyze the perceptions and

attitudes of Humss students at Tanza National Trade School regarding police officers,

this research design will be used.

Research Locale

The locale of the study will be Tanza National Trade School-Main, which is

located in Tanza, Cavite. There’s no specific number of respondents since the

researchers will utilize purposive sampling and a pre-survey in order to determine the

number of students who have interacted with police personnel.

Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling was used in this study. The researchers will utilize a pre-

survey based on their criteria in every section to determine the estimated number of

participants. Purposive sampling will be used in this research since the researcher

only aim to perceive the participants who have interactions on the police.

Research instrument
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This study will use a self-administered questionnaire. It consists of

two (2) parts, the first of part will be the socio-demographic profile of the

participants, such as their sex. For the second part, there will be three (3) factors—

personal experience, news media, and hearsay—that might be affecting the image of

PNP police perceived by G12 HUMSS students. Each of these factors contains five

questions. Using a five-point Likert scale of 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly

agree"), participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed with

certain statements. Participants are given 5–10 minutes to answer the questionnaires.

Ethical Issues

The research will strictly implement A HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL

TREATMENT to all data gather and drawn in this study since the study will be

dealing with a very sensitive issue the research will also secure a permission to the

person’s concerned before publishing articles or information.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers first think of their topic for the research and determine the

purpose and importance of the study that they will conduct. Browse on the internet

and find similar studies that will be used for their related literature and studies. A

researchers created a self made survey questionnaire with a likert scale and solicited

validation from their subject teacher and adviser. Researchers personally administer

the survey to the respondents after asking for their consent. The researcher will be the

one to give the questionnaire on a preferred approved schedule. After all the data was
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collected from the respondents, the data was analyzed and interpreted

using the statistical tools.

Statistical Treatment

The researcher will use survey questionnaire which will be a quantitative

data. The collected data will be tallied by the use of research design. The answer to

the survey questionnaire will be consolidated and analyze by the following statistic

treatment will be employed:

1. Frequency and Percentage will be utilized to determine the demographic profile of

the respondents and the percentage of responses.

2.Weighted Mean will be use to calculate the average responses in the various options

that will be offered in the different survey questionnaire sections.

3.Standard Deviation will be use to measure the distribution of the data in relation to

the mean.

4.T-test will be use to determine the significant difference between male and female

perceptions to PNP personnel

CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter present the results, and interpretation of data gathered from answers

from the questionnaire distributed to the field. The said data were presented in tabular
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form in accordance with the specific questions posited on the statements of

the problem.

I. Demographic Profile

The table 1. shows the gender of the respondents. It shows that 34% of the

respondents are female while 66% of the respondents are male. Therefore, there are

more male respondents has compares to the female respondents.

Table 1. Gender of the respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Female 17 34 2

Male 33 66 1

Total 50 100

The table 2 below shows the image of PNP Personnel as Perceived by grade 12

HUMSS students in terms of personal experience. It showed that the overall mean is

3.48 which corresponds to a verbal interpretation of “agree”. This suggest that, on

average, the students agreed with the statements or perceptions mentioned in the

table. The highest mean is 3.56 also interpreted as “agree”, which means the students

agreed with the fact that, according to what they experience in police officers is not

neutral to the police regardless of age, sex, socioeconomic status, race, etc. It also

stated that, based on what they experience, police personnel are not doing their jod

well. Furthermore, the lowes mean rating of 3.32, interpreted as “agree”,indicates that
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the students' own experiences convinced them that police officers were

performing their duties unsuccessfully and improperly.. The students

perception of police officers indicates that they believe PNP personnel are not

performing their duties satisfactorily and are not upholding their obligation

Table 2. Personal Experience

Personal Experience Weightened Mean Description

1. In my opinion police officer 3.56 AGREE (A)

is not neutral to the police
regardless of age, sex,
socioeconomic status, race, etc.
2. I am not satisfied with the 3.48 AGREE (A)
current state of policing.
3. It is not easy to contact 3.54 AGREE (A)
police.
4. The police personnel doesn't 3.52 AGREE (A)
take action immediately to
lower the community crime
rates.
5. PNP personnel fail to uphold AGREE (A)
the peace and guarantee 3.32
citizens' safety in the
community.

Overall Mean 3.48 AGREE (A)

The table 3 below shows the performance of the police officers in terms of News

media. It showed that the over-all mean is 3.40 which corresponds to a verbal

interpretation of "agree". It means that, on average, citizens generally agree with or

have a negative perception of the performance of police officers as portrayed in news

media. The highest mean is 3.64 is also interpreted as “agree” meaning that citizens

had a negative impression of police during the war on drugs. This indicates that a

significant portion of the population holds a negative perception of the police in

relation to their actions during the war on drugs. On the other hand, the lowest mean
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rating of 3.28 is interpreted as "neutral." It means that, on average, people

tend to be impartial or have a neutral stance towards the issue of police

personnel brutality and violence commonly shared on social media. It implies that the

public's perception of police brutality and violence shared on social media is not

strongly positive or negative, but rather leans towards a more neutral viewpoint.

Overall, the results indicate a negative perception of the police officers' performance

as portrayed in news media, with a particularly negative view during the war on

drugs. However, the public tends to be more neutral when it comes to the issue of

police personnel brutality and violence shared on social media.

Table 3. Trust in News Media

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1.All of the information posted in social 3.32 N(Neautral

media about police is true.

2. Police brutality and violence are 3.28 N(Neutral

widely shared on social media .

3.I believe that police officer abused their 3.34 A(Agree)

power based on what I’ve seen in social
media.
4. I’ve seen videos of police online 3.44 A(Agree
treating other races unfairly.

5. Many citizens shared negative 3.64 A(Agree

impresssion toward PNP police on
television during war on drugs.

3.404 A(Agree
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ACADEMIC TRACK

The table 4 below shows the image of PNP personnel as perceived by

grade 12 HUMSS students in terms of hearsay. It showed that the overall

mean is 3.57 which corresponds to a verbal interpretation of "agree". This suggests

that, on average, the students agreed with the statements or perceptions mentioned in

the table. The highest mean is 3.74 also interpreted as "agree," which means the

students agreed with the fact that, according to what they heard, the police officers are

abusive. This suggests that the students' acquaintances or sources have shared

information or experiences that portray PNP personnel as engaging in abusive

behavior. It also stated that, based on what they had heard, police officers are not

trustworthy. Furthermore, the lowest mean rating of 3.48, interpreted as "agree,"

indicates that the students agreed that their acquaintances have told them that police

officers are performing their duties poorly, inefficiently, and ineffectively. It means

that the image of police officers in terms of the students' sources or acquaintances

believe that PNP personnel are not adequately fulfilling their responsibilities or are

not effective in carrying out their duties.

Table 4. Image of PNP Personnel in terms of Hearsay

Hearsay Weighted Mean Description

1.I heard from a friend that police 3.6 Agree (A)

officer are not trustworthy.

2. They said that police personnel 3.54 Agree (A)

are not skilled in handling
concerns and disputes of the
citizens.

3. My acquaintance told me that 3.48 Agree (A)

police are doing their duties
poorly, inefficiently, and
ineffectively.

4. According to what I heard, 3.5 Agree (A)

police ignored citizens complains.
 TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ACADEMIC TRACK

5. According to what I heard, 3.74 Agree (A)

police officers are abusive.

Over-all Mean 3.57 Agree (A)

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ACADEMIC TRACK

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