PERCEPTION COMMUNITY OF THE CITIZENS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF C PERCEPTION OMMUNITY POLICING SYSTEM OF PNP ON CRIME

PREVENTION IN POBLACION, CALINTAAN,
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education

OCCIDENTAL MINDORO STATE COLLEGE
Main Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

JEN KAREN C. BOLIDO

MELBERT G. ANDALES
VHON JEZZLER Q. SILVIDAD
ELLIZ CHRISTIAN L. MORALES
JONNA A. MANGUBA
RICHELLE T. PAYAS
SHEILA KAYE H. CORPUZ
MERRY JOY B. GRAGANTA
ASHANTI JERSEY A. BALAGOT

Adviser:

KYLA MAE C. GABAO, RCrim

Date Submitted:
March 6, 2024
 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

Community policing is not about specific programs but revolves around altering

decision-making methods and instilling new cultures within police departments. It is an

organizational strategy where residents and local police largely determine priorities and

necessary actions. It is a process, not a fixed outcome, defined by citizen involvement,

problem solving, and decentralization. Neglecting any of these dimensions can hinder the

effectiveness of a police department. Community policing involves forming partnerships

with community members and civic organizations, collectively addressing priorities, and

developing tactics. Police should engage with the public, consider citizen input on

community needs, and take the perspective of the public on problems seriously. It is an

organizational strategy, not a fixed set of programs, allowing flexibility to adapt to

unique local situations and circumstances (Skogan, 2004, as cited by Weisburd, & Braga,

2019).

Every community is different but, in general, members of the community can help

reduce crime by developing their own nonviolent communication and emotional

regulation skills, mentoring youth, supporting community centers, and helping to prevent

substance abuse (Jasper.,n.d). In the wake of recent incidents involving police use of

force and other issues, the legitimacy of the Police has been questioned in many

communities. Many cities in the United States experienced large scale demonstrations

and protest marches in 2014 and 2015, and in some cases, there have been riots over

perceptions of police misconduct and excessive use of force. According to Sanchez, et

al., (2023) one major complaint that communities have against law enforcement agencies

is that they act as if they are above the law; as if they have forgotten that they serve the

public. Police departments must work hard at reversing this perception. Police must be

held to the standard of the community's expectations of service. If a certain act is

punishable by law when committed by a civilian, it should be just as so if not more when

committed by an officer who has been entrusted to uphold the law. One way in which

accountability can be upheld is by the use of body cameras worn by police, the footage of

which should be made readily available to the public for the sake of transparency as well

as accountability.

Community- oriented policing that was implemented in Duminag, Zamboanga del

Sur, Philippines, was effective since the crime rate was reduced for the past five years.

Nonetheless, some organizational work needs some improvement as to implementation as

assessed by respondents (Tondo, et al., 2020).

This study focused on effectiveness of community policing system of Philippine

National Police(PNP) in Barangay Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.The large

body of literature studied the objectives of crime prevention implementation, crime

prevention significant to the organization, crime prevention strategies, effectiveness of

police community relation, and Crime commonly committed,still there is no sufficient

study focusing the effectiveness of community policing system of Philippine National

Police (PNP). The researcher eager to know how community policing system of

Philippine National Police (PNP) in Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.

Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this research is to discuss the effectiveness of

community policing system of Philippine National Police (PNP) on crime prevention in

Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.

1. To identify the demographic profile of respondents in terms of

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Educational Attainment and

d. Years of residency?

2. To determine the effectiveness of community policing system of PNP on crime

prevention in Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro in terms of

a. Patrolling

b. Curfew

c. Checkpoint

3. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the profile of

respondents and the effectiveness of community policing system on crime

prevention in Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following groups of individuals and

organizations:

Community. This will help the community to determine on how effective the

community policing system of the PNP.

 Criminology Students. This study will motivate and encourage the students to

pursue their studies and know the importance of the field they want to enter. This study

will help them to have basis on their future.

Future Researchers. Future researcher may use this as a guide for conducting a

study regarding on the effectiveness of community policing system of the PNP on crime

prevention.

Students. This study will assist them on improving and broadening their

knowledge about community policing system of PNP on crime prevention.

Philippine National Police (PNP). This study will serve as the basis on how they

will improve their work and be more effective and efficient on doing their job.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a collection of the review of related literature which attest to

be significantly related and serves as an elaboration of this study.

Age

In the United State of America only 17% residence having an age of 16 and up

had a face-to-face interaction with police officer (Everbridge, n.d.). The particular

individuals in the community that substantially more comfortable to interact with police

officer, feel content with the services they provided and prepared to work with them

having an age less 30 (Zhao, et al., 2019).

Sex

Women might tend to regard a law enforcement officer as a real person, have a

trustful attitude to the police and want to collaborate with them. This aspect humanization

of the situation is particularly important in domestic violence cases because most of

victims suffer from stressful and anxiety psycho-emotional conditions. Then, gender

relations and police-community relations are all imply. Relating to a role of being links in

gender to the police forces and their public contacts. Based on the research results, it

could be decreased that gender is the main factor that helps to decide how people of

different communities rate the police (Reisig and Lloyd, 2009).

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Years of residency

Attitudinal variables concerning residents' evaluation of the police have been

found to include legitimacy, trust, and contentment with the local police force, and
residents' perceptions of these three degrees have been found to have a positive relation to

the length they have lived in an area. The ones standing out the most here are the long-

time residents since they are most vulnerable to be viewed by the police as honest,

credible and unlike the regular ones. It can be explained due to the fact, that people, who

have been living in the community longer time, had more chances to form their point of

view. Indeed, this relationship is even molded and modified into the other factors like

age, race, and social status, thus it is far more complex than it appears on the surface. As

has been suggested by the results of the research, the longer a person has been residing in

a certain community the more she or he she is likely to get involved with that community,

how they view the police in turn relies on the interaction they have with the authorities.

The authors recommend that law enforcement agencies being to think of strategies that

accentuate on community building and relationship development as a long-term approach

to counter the perception of ineffective law enforcement. This solution was the point

because of the authors mentioned that they found that the residents had a negative view

of the law enforcement. Such “findings” also confirm the need for doing further research

on the basis of the observations that elucidate the connection between residents’ tenure

and their opinions of police (Rosenbaum et al., 2005).

Curfew

Curfew implementation increases community security for kids by reducing

juvenile victimization in homicide and assault and by preventing minors from being seen

on the streets or in businesses. Curfews also tend to project a high degree of security and

safety among minors and deter child abduction as well as the involvement and

victimization of minors in rape (Pia, et al., 2023)

ADD.

Patrolling

Police patrol is an effective crime prevention tool and boosts public confidence in

urban security. Many interesting decision making problems appear in jurisdiction

planning. Many cities across the world have adopted a structured and intelligent method

of police patrol due to the presence of a operational and resource constraints. It present a

comprehensive especially from the practice of operations research point of view. This is

the first of its kind review on police patrol presenting a classification scheme based on

the type of problem and objective approach. The applicability of OR in this domain is set

to grow significantly as governments formulate policies related to smart city planning and

urban security (Samantha, et al., 2022).

ADD

Police Visibility

According to Weir, et al., (2019).Checkpoint is a program implemented by

Durham Constabulary that offers a voluntary deferred prosecution option for adult

offenders. Its main objective is to target low-level criminals entering the criminal justice

system by providing alternatives to traditional prosecution methods. The program

consists of a 4-month contract-based curriculum, which includes assessing offenders'

needs and providing interventions that address the underlying causes of their criminal

behavior. The Checkpoint intervention is based on deterrence and resistance theories, and

the results of the program for 519 offenders have shown a lower re-arrest and reoffending

rate compared to an average sample of Durham Out Of Court Disposal cases. These

initial findings lay the foundation for further policy studies.

ADD

Theoretical Framework

As stated in the study of Laru-an, G., & Beup, H. (2015), the Theory of

Reciprocal Responsibility of the Police Community Relations Manual of 2003 of the

Philippine National Police (PNP) is anchored to this study, in this manual the police

cannot work effectively on their own on controlling and preventing crimes. Community

is viewed as the “stakeholders”, their participation and cooperation is needed to support

their anti-crime campaign. The PNP and community will work together to have a

peaceful and healthy environment.

ADD ONE MORE THEORY

Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework of the study is shown in the research paradigm below.

The researchers sought to discover the relationship between the effectiveness of

community policing system of PNP on crime prevention. In the paradigm below shows

two boxes and an arrow in the middle. The first box is the independent variable which

consists of the respondents’ demographic profile in terms of age, sex, and years of

service. The central arrow indicates a potential correlation between the two variables.

While the second box is the dependent variable consists of the effectiveness of

community policing system of PNP on preventing crimes when it comes to curfew,

patrolling, and checkpoint.

 Profile of Respondents Effectiveness of Community

Age Policing System of PNP on

Sex Preventing Crime in terms of:

Educational Attainment A. Curfew

Years of residency B. Patrolling

C. Police Visibility

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this study, the following terms were defined:

Age. It refers to the respondents’ year of existence at the time the study was

conducted.

Checkpoint. It refers to the act of checking of vehicles that surpass the area of the

community.
 Community Policing System. This refers to the implementation of rules and

regulation that the community should follow.

Curfew. An order imposes by the community in a specified hours.

Middle Aged Adult. This age ranging 31 to 45 years old.

Old Adult. This age ranging from 45 years old and above.

Patrolling. This refers to supervising the community to prevent crime and to have

a peace community.

Philippine National Police (PNP). It is the branch of law enforcement agency

having a primary function that includes prevention, detection and investigation of crime,

and apprehension of alleged offenders.

Years of residency. It refers to the length of time an individual resides in the

location.

Young Adult. This age ranging from 18 years old to 30.

Hypothesis/Assumption

1. There is no significant relationship between the profile of respondents and the

effectiveness of effectiveness of community policing system of PNP on crime

prevention in Poblacion, Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro.