Definition of Terms:

1. Dilution- done by adding water into the urine sample so that minimum required quantity
sample can be achieved. This reduces the concentration of normal constituent.

2. Drug Chemist - A specialist who conducts chemical analyses of evidence confiscated

during criminal investigations, which involve dangerous drugs and clandestine labs.

3. Drug Dependency (accdg. To WHO) - This refers to the cluster of physiological,

behavioral, and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a drug results in a strong desire
and accompanying difficulties in controlling it.

4. Drug Dependency Test - is often performed in order to determine an appropriate

treatment for the person addicted to a particular narcotic or psychoactive drug.

5. Drug Test - It is the process of determining the presence of a drug and its metabolites in
the human body through the fluids.

6. Forensic Drug Analysis - This refers to the process of identifying and quantifying
specimens of illegal drugs.

7. Idiosyncrasy - it refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc.

8. Qualitative Analysis - knowing the quantity is knowing its degree of purity.
9. Quantitative Analysis - knowing the existence or the presence of dangerous drugs on the
specimen.

10. Substitution - done by replacing a urine sample with the urine sample of another person.

11. Associative Evidence - These are physical evidences which link a suspect to the crime.

12. Corpus Delicti Evidence - Objects or substances which may be a part of the body of the
crime.
13. Crime Scene Reconstruction - is an analysis of the circumstances and physical evidence
of a crime, the development of a theory of how it occurred, and the testing of that theory
using forensic science methods.

14. Crime Scene- the place where the essential ingredients of the criminal act took place.

15. MAC Rule/ Golden Rule in Crime Scene Investigation – Do not mutilate, alter and
change the position of anything until identified, measured and photographed.

16. Perishable Evidence - objects or things, evidences those are likely to change or
disappear if not photographed immediately.

17. Physical Evidence - These are articles and materials which are found in connection with
the investigation and which aid in establishing the identity of the perpetrator or the
circumstances under which the crime was committed, or in general assist in the
prosecution of a criminal.

18. Probable Cause - This refers to such facts and circumstances that would lead a
reasonably discreet and prudent man to believe that an offense has been committed and
that the object sought in connection with the offense are in the place sought to be
searched.

19. SOCO (Scene of the Crime Operation) – this includes the processing of crime scene,
technical and forensic examination of evidences and similar scientific investigative
assistance.

20. Tracing Evidence - These are physical evidences which may assist the investigator in
locating the suspect.

21. Crime Laboratory (Crime LAB) - A scientific laboratory that uses forensic science for
the purpose of examining evidence from criminal cases.

22. Expert Witness - are person who testifies his personal knowledge on certain issues in
court provided he is not disqualified by law.

23. Forensic Chemist - A professional who analyses evidence from the crime scene and
derives a conclusion based on test undertaken on such evidence.
24. Forensic Chemistry - the application of chemical theories and principles in the
examination of physical evidence in solution of legal problems that arise in connection
with the administration of justice.

25. Forensic Science - This is the application of scientific principles to criminals and civil
laws, which are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

26. Forensic - This is derived from the Latin term forensics which means “of the forum”, or
“speaking the truth in public”.

27. Mathieu Orfila - the Father of Modern Toxicology.

28. Registered Chemist - is any person who is engaged in the professional practice of
chemistry, and is duly registered with the Board of Chemistry and the Professional
Regulation Commission to undertake the professional practice of chemistry.

29. Serology -the scientific study of blood and other body fluids.

30. Toxicology - the branch of science concerned with the nature, effects and detection of
poison.