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Casework Reviewer
Casework- it focuses on understanding and addressing the personal
Case Management- involves a broader and more systematic approach to social work practice.

Casework process
The primary sections of the social casework process are study, assessment, intervention,
termination, and evaluation. They are the process threads that will be woven together during the
social casework process.

Phase-1-Social investigation or study

A systematic study of the client and his or her circumstances in relation to his or her condition is
known as a social investigation or study.
Phase-2-Social Diagnosis (Assessment)
It is the casework evaluation phase that provides a true basis for differentiation - individualized
knowledge about the individual in their social situation.
Phase-3-Intervention (Treatment)
The goal of social casework intervention is to alleviate the client's distress while repairing,
maintaining, or strengthening an individual's social functioning. Its purpose is to increase the client's
comfort, satisfaction, and self-awareness.
Phase-4-Termination and Follow-up
As soon as a client agreed to have social casework help, the process began. Termination means
ending the process. After talking with each other, the worker and the client decide how the job will
be terminated.
Phase-5-Evaluation
Evaluation Evaluating is the process in which the worker tries to figure out how well and how well
the process worked. As part of social casework, this is the part that checks to see if the process has
reached its goals in a given case A critical part of social casework is evaluation

PEARLMAN (4PS)
 Nature of agency and resources ( PLACE)
 Nature of the Problem ( PROBLEM)
 Nature of the Client ( PERSON)
 Nature of the client-worker relationship ( PROCESS)

DIAGNOSIS VS. TREATMENT

Diagnosis is an attempt to arrive at an exact definition as possible of the. social situation and
personality of a client.
Treatment is to alleviate the client's distress and decrease the malfunctioning in the person-
situation system. It is to enhance the client's comfort, satisfaction, and self- realization.
Concept of principle of data gathering
 No harm- Physical, social, psychological and all other types of harm are kept to an absolute
minimum.
 Anonymity- You don’t know the identities of the participants. Personally identifiable data is
not collected.
 Confidentiality- able to identify a given person’s responses but essentially promise not to do
it publicly.
 Voluntary- participation must be voluntary. No one should be forced to participate.
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7 principles of SW
 Principle of Acceptance
-In order to achieve optimum results, both the client and the social work practitioner must
accept each other.
-Recognize an individual’s worth and dignity
 Principle of Individualization
The social worker regards each client's problem as unique and works with the client to find
the most satisfactory way for him or her to deal with his or her personal problem
circumstance.
 Principle of Purposeful expression of feeling
The recognition of the client's need to express his feelings freely, especially his negative
feelings.
 Principle of self Determination
Every individual has the right to determine what is best for him or her and to choose the
methods by which to achieve it. In other words, it emphasises that the social worker should
not force decisions.
 Principle of Confidentiality
Preservation of secret information about the client.
 Principle of Non-Judgemental Attitudes
The social worker should enter the professional interaction without prejudice. That is, he or
she should not develop any judgments on the client, whether positive or negative, worthy or
undeserving.
 Principle of Control Emotional Involvement
The notion of regulated emotional engagement protects social workers from becoming too
emotionally invested in their clients' problems or becoming too objective.
Diagnosis vs Assessment
 Assessment- focuses on how a client is dealing with that problem.
 Diagnosis- is an attempt to arrive at an exact definition as possible of the. social situation and
personality of a client. It is a search for the causes of the problems which. brings the client to
the worker for help.
Primary tool of Influence
 Questioning- serve to elicit facts, ideas, and feelings concerning the person, the issue, the
situation, and potential means for resolution.
 Interviewing- refers to the meeting of the social worker and the client in a face-to-face
conversation
 Dialogue- include all types of negotiation, consultation or simply exchange of information
between, or among, representatives of governments, employers and workers, on issues of
common interest relating to economic and social policy.

The problem in 3 Frames

Presenting Problem- is a problem that is a treat to the clients or other welfare.
 Underlying- The overall situation that is created and tends to perpetuate the immediate
problem.
 Immediate- The problem about which the client is most concerned about.
 Work Problem- These are contribution factor that stand in the way of both remedy and
prevention and must be deal with if change is to take place.
Technique of Casework
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 Reassurance- it is an indirect support of the client. This involves assuring the client that the
situation with which he is struggling has an attainable solution and that he has the capacity to
deal with his own problem.
 Confrontation- it is to bring the client to face the reality of a feeling, behavior, or situation.
 Manipulation- it means skillful management of events. Thus in social work there is such a
thing as environment manipulation or the worker may manipulate a situation to give an
insecure client
 Clarification- to clarify is to make understandable a point or two. It is often used in
connection.
 Universalization- is the utilization of a commonality of human experiences and the strengths
of others to cope with situations similar to those which are troubling the client.
Referral and Transfer
Referral- Directing client to another worker/ agency
Transfer- referred by a social worker in the same agency.

Role of Social work

 Resource Provider- engages the worker in the direct provision of material aid and other
concrete resources that will be useful in eliminating or reducing situational deficiencies
 Broker- the worker links or connects the client to needed services in the community
 Mediator- is a person who acts as an intermediary or conciliator between two groups and
communities.
 Advocate- the worker has to take a partisan interest in the client and his cause. the advocate
will argue, debate, bargain, negotiate and manipulate the environment on behalf of the client.
 Enabler- - it involves the social worker in interventive activities that will help clients find to
coping strength and resources within themselves.
 Counselor- it is the restoration, maintenance or enhancement of the clients capacity to adapt
or adjust to his current reality.
Trauma- is an experience that causes a person to feel afraid, overwhelmed, out of control, and
broken.

Source of Data
 Primary source - Client in the community
-Intake procedure
 Secondary Source – Significance others
- Ex. Staff in the community, siblings
 Existing Data- form of individual records (e.g., academic, medical, financial), data sets,
interview notes, biospecimens, online profiles and posts (e.g., social media), and audio- or
video recordings.
 Worker’s own observation- pwede mahimong source of data information

Assessment of Mcmahon
1. Opening causal statement. This requires the worker to clearly indicate who has the problem,
and why the problem exists a this time.
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2. Change potential statement. A problem's change poten tial is dependent on three

interdependent factors: problem, person, and environment.
 Problem. The worker and the contact system (client of some significant others)
consider the nature of the problem.
 Person. The worker needs to assess the strengths and werk- nesses of the person or
persons having the problem.
 Environment. In considering the environment in which the problem is located the
worker.
3. Judgment about the seriousness or urgency of the problem. Based on available data.
Generalist, Industrial, Medical, Clinical
Generalist- generic helping process for use with all client system.
Industrial- addressing human and social needs in the work place to ensure maximum productivity It
is an area of service delivery.
Medical- primarily focus on the physical and emotional needs of patients undergoing medical
treatments
Clinical- address mental health issues and the social needs of their clients
Type of value system
Personal- gives a person structure and purpose by helping him/her determine what is
meaningful and important. (Ex. donating to charity or spending time with family)
Cultural- are a series of principles and values passed on generation after generation by our
ancestors.
Professional- portray a professional image through reliability, consistency and honesty, dress
and act appropriately, deliver work outcomes to agreed quality standards and timescales.
Warm, Empathy, Positive Regard, Sympathy
 Empathy- is the ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes. It is much more than
sympathy in that you are able to show your understanding of your clients feeling
surrounding an experience.
 Positive Regard- means that the therapist has and shows overall acceptance of the client
by setting aside their own personal opinions and biases
 Warmth- demonstrated by the worker when he/she attends to the client with attention,
listens patiently, gives confidence and conveys an understanding of the client's problem.
 Sympathy- is an emotional reaction, immediate and uncontrollable, that can be
overwhelming when one identifies with another person's situation.