SOCRATES

Socrates ( 470- 399 BC) was a

Greek philosopher from Athens
who is credited as the
founder of Western philosophy
and among the first moral
philosophers of the ethical
tradition of thought.
CONTRIBUTION
Socrates' main contribution
to Western philosophy is
his method of inquiry which
was called after him.
Socratic method, sometimes
also known as elenchus.
According to the latter, a
statement can be considered
true only if it cannot be
proved wrong.

ARISTOTLE
Aristotle ( 384-322 BC) was
an Ancient Greek philosopher
and polymath. His writings
cover a broad range of
subjects spanning the natural
sciences, philosophy,
linguistics, economics,
politics, psychology, and the
arts.
CONTRIBUTION
Made pioneering contributions
to his fields of philosophy
and science, he invented the
field of formal logic, and he
identified the various
scientific disciplines and
explored their relationships
with each other. Aristotle
was also a teacher and
“Be the

Philosophy
change that
you wish to
see in the
world.”
 founded his own school in
Athens, known as the Lyceum.
“Be the
change that PLATO
you wish to
seePlato(428/427
in the OR 424/423- 348
BC) was an ancient Greek
world.”
philosopher born in Athens
during the classical period.
CONTRIBUTION
Plato is one of the most
important Greek philosophers.
He founded the academy in
Athens. his works on
philosophy, politics, and
mathematics were very
influential and laid the
foundations for Euclid's
systematic approach to
mathematics.

“A day
without
laughter is a
day wasted.”
― Nicolas
Chamfort PYTHAGORAS
Pythagoras of Samos (570-495
BC) was an ancient Lonian
Greek philosopher, polymath,
and the eponymous founder of
Pythagoreanism.
CONTRIBUTION
In antiquity, Pythagoras was
credited with many
mathematical and scientific
discoveries, including the
Pythagorean theorem.
Pythagorean theorem, the five
regular solids, the Theory of
Proportions, the sphericity
of the earth, and the
identity of the morning and
evening stars as the planet
Venus.
 “Be the
HERACLITUS

Philosophy
change that
you wish to ( 480-540 BCE)was
Heraclitus
ansee in the
ancient Greek pre-Socratic
world.”
philosopher from the city of
Ephesus, which was then part
of the Persian Empire.
CONTRIBUTION
Heraclitus's works belie
categorization within any
philosophical school or
tradition. Heraclitus is best
known for three doctrines;
the doctrine that things are
constantly changing, that
fire is the fundamental
element or material of the
world, and that opposites
coincide.

DEMOCRITUS
Democritus, (460 BCE 370),
was an ancient Greek
philosopher, a central figure
in the development of
philosophical atomism and the
atomic theory of the
universe.
CONTRIBUTION
Democritus' greatest
contribution to modern
science was arguably the
atomic theory he elucidated.
According to Democritus
atomic theory, the universe
and all matter obey the
following principles;
everything is composed of
“atoms” that are physically,
but not geometrically,
invisible.

Philosophy
EPICURUS

Ph
“Be the
Epicurus( 341- 270 BC) was an
change that
ancient
you wish to Greek philosopher and
sage
see in the who founded
Epicureanism,
world.” a highly
influential school of
philosophy.
CONTRIBUTION
Epicurus developed an
unsparingly materialistic
metaphysics, empiricist
epistemology, and hedonistic
ethics. Epicurus taught that
the basic constituents of the
world are atoms, uncuttable
bits of matter, flying
through empty space, and he
tried to explain all natural
phenomena in atomic terms.

RENE DESCARTES
Rene Descartes (31 March 1596 –
11 February 1650) was a French
Philosopher, Scientist, and
Mathematician, widely
considered a seminal figure in
the emergence of modern
Philosophy and science.

CONTRIBUTION
Rene Descartes invented
analytical geometry and
introduced skepticism as an
essential part of the
scientific method. He is
regarded as one of the
greatest philosophers in
history. His analytical
geometry was a tremendous
 conceptual breakthrough,
linking the previously
separate fields of geometry
and algebra.

“Be the KARL JASPER

change that
you Karl
wish to
see in the
Theodor Jaspers
February 1883- 26 February
world.”
1969) was a
(23

German-Swiss
P
psychiatrist and philosopher
who had a strong influence on
modern theology, psychiatry,
and philosophy.
CONTRIBUTION
Jaspers studied patients in
detail, giving biographical
information about the
patients as well as notes on
how the patients themselves
felt about their symptoms.
This has become known as the
biographical method and now
forms a mainstay of
psychiatric and above all
psychotherapeutic practice.

“A day
without
laughter is a
day wasted.” KARL MARX
― Nicolas
Chamfort Karl Marx (May 1818- 14 March
1883) was a German-born
philosopher, economist,
political theorist,
historian, sociologist,
journalist, and revolutionary
socialist.
CONTRIBUTION
Marx’s most important
contribution to sociological
theory was his general mode
of analysis, the
“dialectical” model, which
regards every social system
as having within it immanent
forces that give rise to
“contradictions”
(disequilibria) that can
resolved only by a new social
system.