A1

Cuies or CastJcs. This concludes one Game-Turn,

or aboul two weeks of real time. Victory is dclcr-
mined by controlling cities al the end of the game.

[3.0) GAME EQUIPMENT

€S
(3. 1] THE GAME MAP
The 22• x 32• mapshcet ponray~ the area or the
Middle East encompassed by the two Crusades. A
numbered hexagonal grid has been superimpo$cd
over the terrain features to relegalc Movement and
Combat VOTE: The Terrain Key on the map ,~
incorrect. All green hexes should be Fertile; all tan

Western Invasions of he,es Variable; all yellow hexes Barren.

[3.2) THEPLAVING PIECF.S

the Holy Land, The playmg piccc:s represen1 Crusader Kin~.

counts, barons. kmghts (and their retinues).
M uslim Sultans and emirs, Army Strength Poin~,
and Fleets. There are also several informational

1097and 1191 A.O.

Copyright © 1978. Simulations Publications, Inc. , New York, N. Y. 10010
marker~. Numbers on the Leader cou nteTS repre-
sent Guile (Finl Crusade only) and Combat
Ratings.
[3.21] Sample Unir
1.0 INnODLt.TIO'i' 21.0 GUlLI:. FRONT
2.0 GESERALt.OURSt.Of PLAY 21.1 Guile Ratwgs; 21.2 Guile and Command: 21.3 (Fmt Cru\ade
Trea~ry and Skges; 11.4 Changes 10 Gude leader)
J.0 GAME EQ\-lPME.,,
3.1 The Game Mao: J .2 The Playing Piece\, 3.3 Ratin~ Godfrey
Game Cham and Tables: 3.4 Game Scale: 3.5 The 22.0 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE 8au,lon
Cru$8.der Counters: 3.6 Muslim/Saracen Armies; 22.1 Butimidcs; 22.2 The Emperor's Oath; 22.3 The Rank ....
J.1 tn,cntOI) of Game Paru Byi.antinc Arm> and Navy (Prnnaryl
4.0 SEQLENCEOf PLAY 23.0 AKME:-."IA
Combat
5.0 ORDERS 23.1 Armenian Counters: 23.l Controlling Amie-
Ra11n2
6.0 MOVt.Mt.NTOfLAND FORCES mans
24.0 ADDITIONAi RULES APPLICABLE TO BACK
6.1 How to Move Land Forces: 6.2 Land Move- (Third Crusade
ment Rcstnclions and Prohibitions: 11.3 Sacking; THE FIRS r <:RUSADE
Leader)
6.4 ">1o•e=nt Attrition 24. I Inter-Faith Alliances: M.2 EffCClS or DISSCD-
7.8 zo:-.t..SOfl"FLl. E:NC£ •ion on Mulu-Player Comt,at and Sie@e: 24.3 Wliam
1.1 Which Unns Exccn a Lone of lnOuena; 7.2 Ef- Discretion as the Beller Part of Valor, 24.4 l.s 8rs
Casualties In Mul1i-Pla)cr Combat Rani ....
fecu or Zones of tnnucncc (Tertiary)
8.0 LEADt ~ 25.0 CENA RIO INfORMATIO'-: Th• Flr51 Crusade Status
9.0 COMBAT 25.1 Length of Game; 15.2 Initial Deployment. Comi'at (Christian
Crusadm.; 25.3 Initial Deplo)ment: '-lushms; 15.4 Rating .,..,_ _ _ _ _...," '-oble)
9.1 Where Combat Takes Pla,,c: 9.2 Determinmg
lni1ial DeplO)mcnl: Armenians: 25.5 Sp«ial First
the Role or Attacker: 9.J Combat Fonnauons: 9.4 = ~,ondaf) Leader
Coordinated Besieger Anacks; 9.5 Combal Tables; Game-Tum Rules
9.6 Explnnation or Combat RC'lults: 9.1 Retreats 26.0 \ ICTOR\' COSDITTONS: The first Crusade [3.221 !,um mar) or L nll!.
and Di\ruption; 9.8 Leader Casualties and Olpture: 26.1 Schedult or Victory Points; 26.2 Variable Vic- From
tory Condition~; Kerbogha, 26.3 Crmadcr Victor) Firs/ Crusadr, Crusader
9.90verruru Bishop (Ttr/larv)
10.0 srEGl~ Conditions
10.1 Cat~; 10.2 Ca.sites; 10.3 Laying and Main- 21.0 CRUS....OER ORDERS Of BATTLE
tamm1 Siego; 10.4 Siege Msauh Procedure; 10.5 ?7. I Crmaders of the Fini! Crusade: 27 .2 Crusaders 1
Siege Attritton; 10.6 Siege Assault Table: l0.7 Siege or 1hc Third Crusade
Atlrillon Table First Crusade, Crusader [;]
11.0 LI'iESOH.OMMI.I'IIICATION Noble(Terrtarv Richard I
O•IA
I t.I Traeing Lines or Commuruauion: 11.l Effects Third Crusade. C111Sader
of Failure to Trace a Une of Communication
12.0 :-IAVALRUlES
ll. l Fleets; 12.2 Fleet Mo\Cment; 12.3 Blockade;
12.4 Na,al Combat Procedure: 12.5 Naval
Transport 12.6 Special Effects of Weather on
(1.0) INTRODUCTION
The Crusades is two games in one. Tbe basic game
is a two-Player simulation of The Third Crusade
(I 191 lo 1192 A.D.). The Crusaders, led by
Kmt (Primary)

First Cru11Jd<', Muslim

Leoder(Tmiary)
Third Crusade, Soivcen
6]
5•

Saladr,

[a
Flttl.\ Richard Coeur-de-Lion, Philip of France, and Lhe lt!t1du (Pnmary) 3 \.
IJ.O \\ EATIIER divided barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1ry
13.1 Rain, 13.2 Winter lo regain the 1erri1ory {and 1he c11y of Jerusalem)
Flttr (Stren~rh 1)
14.0 RANDOM f,,VEl'ITS: Th• Third Crund• Josi 10 the Ayubid Sullan, Saladin (The Saracens). England 2
14.1 Crusader Random Evenu; 14.2 Saracen Ran-
dom E~cnt,, 14.3 Assa.s,inauon
The second game is a muJti-Player simulation of
The First Crusade, m which various Frankish and
.w
1

I
Fleer (Srren,rli I)
15.0 :-.EL'TRAL', Norman knights and lords march 10 1he Holy
16.0 scE.,ARIO INFORMATIO'I : TIM!Thlnl Cruud• Land, each ~ith a different set of moti\'CS to meet
16. I Length of Game; 16.1 lniual Deployment:
~ r myS'""'"Pm,. r;;;i
L!..J
their opponents - a divided coterie of Muslims.
Crusaders; 16.3 tnnial Deployment: Saracens: 16.4
Initial Deployment: Neutral$; 16.5 Castle Deploy-
mm1; 16.6 Rcinfo.-cemenb
17.0 VICTOR\ CO'IDmO"- :Th,ThirdCnaSlld•
17.1 Schedule of \'ic1ory Pom15; 17.l Who Wms:
17.3Control
,a.o THE FIRST CRUSADE
19.0 EC0,0"11CS
[2.0] GENERAL COURSE
OFPLAY
Each Player notes in writing where he wanlS his
units 10 go, indicating the path of travel. Each OO
Casrle
Arm,· srr~n,rl, POtnlS

(Siege 0,/t!f!Sl! Fa<:tor J)

Castlt! ser-up lu!x

B1817

19.1 Treasunes: 19.l Use of Trca.suno: 19.3 Jn-

co=: 19A Bribes; 19.5 Faumid Flttt Mtuntenantt Player then makes his moves, his unilS incurring

□
Disn,pred

20.0 RA.'IDOM EVE:-.,S: The flrsl Crasad•
20.1 Random Ev,ms Table: 20.1 Deus Vwltl; 20.3
lruh'Allah!, 20.4 Visions: 20.5 Plague; 20.6
\,lusbm Reinforcement..
EJ
any Movement Attrition after all movement lS
completed. If opposing Forces end their move- d
ment in the: same hex, Combat occurs. After com-
bat is rc:sOl\icd, Players may lay siege to enemy

Rt-:MO\ LNG IUIU: FROM THIS fSSUt:

Open the m11g■zine to the tenter: bend open the si11ples "ilh a penknJfe or screwd rl~er: Jirl ou t lhe rules a nd close sill pies.
R12
COUNTER DESIGNATIONS
FIRST C R USADE
'lorlhern Fn1nks and Normans: Roben/ C1
Flndrs: Ro bert 11, Cornie de Flanders; Ro ben/ Dk
Nrrnnd} : Robert II Cun hose, Uuc cte "Jormanely;
S tephen/ Cl Blois: Stephen, Comee de Blois e1
Chartres: Waller/ Ct S1-Vly: Walter, Comte de
Saint-Valery; Girard/Gournay: Girard de Gour-
nay; Hugh/St. P ol: Hugh de S1. P ol: Everard/ Le
Puirs: Fvernrd de le Pui1s; Caro/ Asini: same:
Ralph Garder: Ralph/ Garader: same: Guerin /
Guerona1: same: Arnulf Hesdins: Arnulf
d' Hesdins; Aubrey/ Grdmcsnl: Aubrey de Grand-
mesnil; lvo/Grdmsnl: lvo de Grandmesnil: Ar-
nult/ Choques: Bishop Arnulf de Choques
("Malecorne"); Hugh/ C t Vmdos: Hugh Le
Maisne. Cornie de Vermadnois; Drogo/ Nesle:
Drogo de Nesle: Clrmbald/Vendeuil: Clarambald
de Vendeuil; WiUiam/ Vct \.lelun: Will iam,
Vicomte de Melun (The Carpenter). Sicilian Nor-
mans: Bohemond/Taranto: Bohemond of T aran-
to; Tancred/Taranto: T ancred of Taranto;
Richard/ Salemo: Richard of 1he Pn ncipate;
Rainulf/Salerno: Rainulf of Salerno: Geof-
frey/ Rsgnoulo: Geoffrey, Count of Rossignuolo;
Gerard/ Arra no: Bishop Gerard of Arrano;
Robert/ Sourdeval: Robert de Sourdc, al;
Boel/ Chartres: Boel de Chanres: H errnan/ Can-
nae: Herman de Cannac; Albcrard/ Cagnano:
Alberard de Cagnano: Humphrey/ Ml Sebso:
Humphrey of Monie Scabioso: Roger/ Brnville:
Roger de Ba rnville: Williarn/Grdrnesn l: William
de Grandmesml. Germans: Godfrey/ Bouillon:
Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of L0 \\er Lorraine;
Baldwin/ Boulogne: Bald\\in of Boulogne:
Eustace/ Ct Blgne: Eustace. Count of Boulogne;
Baldwin/ Le Bourg: Baldwin of Rethel, Lord or Le
Bourg: Henry/ Esch: Henry of Esch; Rainald/ Ct
Taul: Rainald, Count of T o ul: Warner- Gray:
Warner of Gray: Dudo/ Konz-Sbg: Dudo of Konz-
Saarburg: Canon Montaigu: Conon of Mon-
taigu: Pe1er/ S1enay: Peter of Stenay: Baldwin/
Hainaull: Baldwin of Hainaull; O110/ S1 rsbrg: 01-
10, Bishop of S1rasbourg. Sou thern Franks: Ray-
mond/ Ct T oulse: Raymond IV de Saint-G illes,
Comte de T oulouse el Marquis de Provence:
Adhemar/ Monteil: Adhemar de \.1 omeil, Bishop
of Le Puy: Francs- Lrnbt/ Monteil: Franci,
Lamberc de l\l orueil, Lord of Peyrins: Ram-
bald Ct Ornge: Rambald, Comte d'Orange: Gas-
100/ Bearn: Gaston. Vicorn1e de Bearn: Gerard/
Roussloo: Gerard, Comte de Roussilon:
lsoard/Gap: lsoard de Gap: Raymond/ Le Forez:
Raymond de Le Forez; Wm-Hugh/ Monteil:
William-Hugh de Mo nteil: William/Orange:
William, Bisho p of Orange.
T/-1/RD CRUSADE
Kingdom of Jl'rusalem : Guy/ 1'.g Jrsl rn: Guy o l
Lusignan, King of Jerusalem; Arnalric/ Jcr~lm:
A ma Irie of Lusignan. Constable of lcrusalern;
Geoffrey Lu~gnan: Geoffrey. Count of
Lusignan; Humphrey/ Toren: Humphrey of
Toran; Robert/Sable: Robert of Sable, Grand
\faster of the Knights Ternplar; Conrad/Mn frat:
Conrad, Marquis of Monferrat; Balian/ lbelin:
Balian of lbelin; Reynald/ Sidon: Reynald Gar-
nier, Lord of Sidon: Warner/ Nablu,· Warner n f
ablus, Grand Maqer of the Knights H ospital;
Geoffrey Don1on: Geoffrey of Donion. Grand
\1a~1er of the Knigh1s Hospital; Bohemond /
.\cn1ioch: Bohernond Ill , Prince of Anti och:
Bohernond/ Tripoli: Bohemond IV. Governor of
Tripoli. French: Philip/Kg France: Philip II
Augus1u~. King of France: Hugh/ DI.. Brgndy:
Hugh !II , Due de Burgundy: Henri/ Ct Chrnpgn:
He nri de Champagne, Comte de Troye<.:
Philip/ Ct Flndrs: Philip d' Alsace, Cornie de
Flanders: Peter/ Couriney: Pe1er de Courtney,
Comte de Nevers; William/ Les Brs: William d e
Les Barres; Ralph/ Clermont: Ralph de Clermont;
William/Cha lon: William. Comte de Chaton;
John/ Fontigny: John, Comte de Fonligny;
Alain/St- Vlry: Alain de Saint-Valery; Dreux/
Mello: Dreu, de Mello; Aubrey/ Clement: Au brey
Clement, l\larshall of France; :-.iarjo1 / Tou,·y:
Narjo1 de Touvy: Raymond/Turenne: Raymo nd
de Turenne; Geoffrey. Joinville: Geoffrey de Join-
ville: Jolin/ Sees: Jolin, Comte de Sees; Henri/
Bas: Henri, Comte de Bas: Guy/ Darnpiere: Guy
de Dampiere; Robert Dreux: Roben, Co mte de
Dreux; Erard/ 13rienne: Erard, Cornie de Brienne;
Philip/ Bshp Bvs: Philip de Dreux. Bishop of
Beauvais. English: Richard 1/Cr-de-Ln: Richard I
Coeur-de-Lion. King of England, Lord of Ireland,
Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine. and Cou ol of
Anjou, Maine and T ourraine; Bald¼ in/ Achb
Ctby: Ba ldwin. Archbishop of Canterbury; An-
drew/ Chvgny: Andrew of Chauvigny; Hubert/
Salisbury: Hubert-Waller, Bishop of Salisbury;
Garin/ fi1z Grid: Garin fi1z Gerland; William/
Preaux: William or Prcaux; Hugh/Gou rnay:
Hugh de Gournay; \\ illiarn/Ferrcrs: William de
Ferrers. Earl of Derby: Simon/ Montfort: Simon
de Montfort. German and Flemish: Leopold/ Dk
Austr: Leopold, Duke of Aus1ria; O110/ Ct Gldrs:
Otto. Count or Guelder~; James. Ld Avsnes:
James. Lord of Avcsnes .
BIBUOGRAPHY
A History of The Crusades, Vol"mes I and II,
edi ted by Kenneth Setton, General Editor
(Uni- . o f Wisconsin Press, 1969) A magnificent
\\Ork. with a marvelous Ga.:eceer and index. In-
valuable. (There are -;ix\ olumes altogether).
A History of the C rusades, Volumes I and fl/. by
S1even Runcirnan (Cambridge Uuiversity P re%,
New York, 1955) Runciman is an exceptional
writer, and this book reads like a novel. It also
contains excellent informa1ion. A major source.
The Epic of the Crusades by Rene Grousset (Orion
Press, Ne" York, 1970; uansla1ed) The classic
French Crusade scholar's massive work in an
abbre, iated form. Riddled with some unusual
prejudices (mostly Gallic in navor) and hurt by
1he inept translation.
Crusading Warfare by R.C. Smail (Cambridge
l.Jniversit) Press. Ne,, York, 1956) A game
designer', delight. Good information on tactics,
\\Capons. methods. et a l.
DESIGNER'S NOTES
T he original concept of The Cms"des wa, a rnuhi-
map, rnany-coumered bash wi th cards, tables and
a "hole host o f items. After being informed that
the game "as des1ined for an i~sue of S& T , some
immedia1e re1 hinl..ing had 10 be done.
The first problem ,,as what area to cover. I had
wanted 10 use almosl all of Asia \.1ino r. from
T urkey 10 Alexandria, but this scale ,,as im-
practical for an issue game (too much water; I
already got burnt o n that item in Consrantinople).
So I "hittled 1he area do"n 10 "hat you ~ee now .
T hi, (lf cour<e eliminated the imeresting opening
of the First Crusade - and some 01her Crusades
as well- bu1 made the ta sl.. much easier.
T he idea 10 use large hexes (1 thin k this is the first
is~ue game to use 1he 25mm hexes) occured ,, hen
tad ling 1hc problem of Zones of ln 0uence for the
cities. Using 1he larger he,e< enabled me 10 place
cities and t-astles within a hex - 1hus eliminaung a
lot of problems with Siege - and also made c11ies
and castles quite imponant positionally. Controll-
ing cities thus becomes of major importance. and
an army will be hard-pressed 10 move anywhere
without a st ring of c ities and castles behind i1.
P layers will notice this immediately in both
Crusades, jus1 as 1he) will quickly realize the irn-
ponancc of Antioch in The Firs1 Crusade.
T he Moverneot and Attrition System wa~
dC\eloped over several week s of playtes1ing. 11
origi nally invohed a 101 of die-rolling. none of
"htch remams. The idea to use a foraging sys1em
came from the research. ,, hich emphasized n01 1he
,peed or maneu,erability of armies (both of" hich
were relati, ely non-existent in 1his era). bu t rather
the necessity for armies 10 feed 1hern~ehes. Wi1h
this in mind, 1 abandoned 1he standard idea of 1er-
rain cos1ing variable poims and changed 10 a sialic
movemen t rate which is adju~1ed solely b} the
players, based on the size of the army and the type
of terram (in terms of supply). The bigger I he
Force and the farther it moves in a g iveo period.
1he more it will lost to Attrition.
T he Cornba1 rules are fairly qandard, ewept 10
note 1ha1 units ma} pass through enemy units
(unless the enern) is on Defend) wi1hou1 harm
becau.se pitched battles were quite rare in 1hi, era.
and they were usua lly foughr only when both sides
desired i1. Battles were rarely fough1 <imply for 1he
sa ke of ha, ing ba11 le. Thu,, bo1h sides must desire
combat for it IO occur. Players should note here
that 1.hc Combat CRT includes n:sult, that 1,ill be
the equivalent of a Ha11in-,1yle rout. Such a
disaster can quickly end a game. so \\ atch your-
,elf.
T he Fir\l Cru,ade - the multi-Player game - was
designed first. Thus the rule, for Guile, Visions,
economics, etc.. all .,.ere developed qui1e early on.
So was the Random Events Table, although I
hadn' t intended 10 really use o r.e (despi1e Play-
tester Charlie Vasey's sta1ement, "Wha1·, a Berg
game "ithout a Random Event\ Table . . ) :0-1uch
of 1his could be considered "chrome"' -cenainl)
the Visions rule< can be omt11ed. But chrome add\
navor. and The CrusadeJ deals wi1h ao era \\ilh a
great deal of romance and flavor. I don't belie,e in
simpl) pulling strength points on a game-map and
,aying " T he firs1 P layer 10 co111 rol Jerusalem or
capture Wilhelm von Einbuch win~." The game i,
mea nt 10 elucida1e a, "ell as entertain . and i1 i, m)
desire 1ha1, within the parameter~ o f 1he ,ystem.
1he players , hould find ou1 as much as they can
about,, hat they are playing" ilh.
A word abou t the Order o f Battle\. The reamn
that 1he Cru~ader~ have OB sheet;, and the
J\luslim~ don' t is qui1e simple: 1hi, h ho" we <ol, -
ed the counter-mi, problem. (The original mix was
some 325 counters). In addi1 ion, the Crusaders in
the game "ere c hosen mostl) by whim of 1he
De~igner (a~ide from I he ob, ious leaders). \\'ho
could res isl Drogo of Neste or Dudo o f h.on,-Saar-
burg. In esse nce, these Crusader, are repre,en-
talive of the rest of their Ilk; they are not e,clu~ive.
Finally. the Firs1 Crusade Victor}' cond11ions \\ere
decided only alter much soul-searching. They are
somewhat unu~ual. Ho"e,·cr. 1hey do renect the
idea that although the First Cru5ade is a mu lti-
player game, 1he ,ituation seems 10 fos1er a grca1
deal of •·team pla) ". T hus, having players keep
their goals ,ecre1 helps to s1irnulate co mpe1i1ion.
The I\\O games are quite differem in play The
Thfrd Crusade is a fast-moving Freddy the Great-
M~le game. After the first 2-J 1urns. in "hich the
players feel each other out. 1he game moves quite
rapid I). T he Fir<I Crusade is an01her stor:r . as
noted abo,e. T ogether, The Crusades should pro-
, ide an emenainin!,!, ie\\ of an exciung period.
 R1 1

[27 .O] ORDERS OF BATTLE [27 .21 ORDER OF BATILE

[26.0) VICTORY T hird C rusade
CONDITIONS: Note: Players are advised to ma ke photo• Kingdom ofJerusalem
The First Crusade copies of the Crusader Orders o f Battle prior Bohemond/AnlA:ICII □C lJ
CASES: to playing Lhe game. Keep the o riginal page
Bohernond/ Tnpoi □0
[26.l ] SCH ED ULEOF clean so that furcher copies can be made.
A 1/egiance to Guy of Lusignan
VIC TO RY POI TS
{26. 11) P layers receive Victory Point, for con- [27. 1] ORDE R OF BATTLE: Firs t Crusade Guy/Kg .h1m LC U □
trolling (17.3) cities under the following sched ule Northern Franks and Norman Amalric/m/m nn
(see Case 26.2): (67 Army S lrength Points) Geoffrey/Lusgnan n
Cities Victor y Points Robert/Ct Flndrs C ::JD □□□□□□ DO Humphrey/ Toron □
Jerusalem ( 1823) Crusader 25; Muslim 10 Roberti Ok Nrmndy □ □ □ □ [J [JU Roberti Sable [' " ..J
An tioch (1908) Crusader 15; \lluslim 10 Stephen/Ct Blois □□ A 1/egionce to Conrod ofM onferrot
Edt>ssa (2S0S) 8 Walter/Ct St-~ □□□□□
10 (01her 1han Jeru- Conrad/Mnkat fl[l □ C □
Level Four Cilies GirardiGoumay □ □ CJ Q CJ □
salem. Antioch) Baian//bein □ [1[1[_:
Hugh/St Po/ □□□ ODD Reynald/Sidon □
Level T hree Cit} 3
Level Two Cit) 2 Everard/Le Puits [I Ll nn Warner/Nab/us OD
Level One Cit} Caro/Asini ur7n Geoffrey/Ooojon c...l
(26. 12] The True Cross is ,,onh n ,e Vic1or}
Ralph/Gamder r-::1no F re n c h (A II French support Mon/erro r)
Poini~ 10 1he Crusader who has ii at the e nd of the Guerin/Gueronat ~U[J
Philip/Kg France [JC:::::::
game: it is wonh nothing 10 the '-'l us li ms. T he T rue Arnull/Hesdins u□n
Hugh/Ok Brgndy □ lJ O □ □
Cross ma} not be moved by a l\l uslim P layer. Aubrey/Grdmesnl DOC
lvo/Grdmesnl DOC Henry/Ct Chmpgn [J □ □ □ □ n
[26.2) VARIABLE VICTORY
CONDIT IONS: Kerbogba ArnultlChoques u Philip/Ct Rndrs □□ □ r.
[)17 Peter/Courtney O □
The Mosul Turk de1ermines his own Victory Con- Hugh/ Ct Vmdos
di1 ions. under the restrictions listed helm, . He Wtlfiam/Les 8ts [1
0rogo/Nesi> DO
record, in writing whal cilies he will go after p rior Ralph/Clermont □□
10 sianing 1he game. He may not sho " them to
Clrmbald/Vendeu,7 □ William/Cha/on □□
William/Vet Melun C
anyone al anytime. He may reveal such inform- John/Fontigny ::J □
a1ion in a Diplomacy P hase (whether it is true or Sicilian Normans (JOA rmy Strength Points)
Alain/Sf.i,z.y □
not is up 101he 01her P layers' belief). Once picked. Behemond/Tafiillto C □C
those ci1ies are Kerbogha's Victory Condition, . Oreux/Mello 0
Tana-ed/Taranto □□□
Kerbogha may pie\.. up 10 5ix of 1he Ci1ies listed Aubrey/Clemef/t □
belo". He receives I he Vic1ory P oinis for con• Richard/ Salemo nn Narjot/ TOUlo/ [l
trolling those Cities as lis ted below . Rainulf/Sakrno □□ Ci [j Raymond/ Turenne [ '
C i t)· Points City Points Geoffrey/Rsgnou/o □□0 □ Geoffrey/Join~ C
lconfom (0803) I Ha renc (2108) 2 Gerard/Arrano □ Jolin/Sees □ [1 [ 1
Tarsus ( 1506) 2 Antioch (1908) 10 Roberti Sourdeva/ C □□ Henri/Bas □□
Melitene (2301) I Hamah (21 11) 5 Boel/Chames nr1n Guy/Oampiere 0
Edessa (2505) 5 H oms (2213) 5 Herman/Cannae Ci [i
Aleppo (2407) 5 Damascus (2118) 15 Robert/Oreux ~1000
Alberard/Ci,gnano □□ Erardlihmne [J COO
Ravendan (2206) 2 L11laki11 ( 18 10) 5
Humphrey/Mt Sc/Jso □
Philip/&hp 8vs LJ L.. L.J □
The other Muslim Players s imply total points fo r Roger/Brnv#/e □
E nglish (A II Ent,1/ish support King Guy)
Cities controlled, as per Case 26 . 11. Wilrlam/Grr/mesn/
Germa ns (43 A rmy Strength Points)
Richard 1/Cr-tJe.ln nn
....J □ L:::::; ~ lJ LJ
Baldwin/Achb Ctby [1 n
[26.3] CRUSADER Godfrey/&1J17/on CC :J □ □ C ~ Andrew/Chvgny [J
VICTORY CO:'IIDITIONS Baldwin/&ulogne □□□□□ Hubert/Sa/,sbuiy [ l
(26.3 I J Each Crusader/ Player determines his own Eustace/Ct 8/gne □□
Garin/fitz Grid □
Victory Conditions. He makes this d etermination Baldwin/Le Bourg L7 □
- and writes ii down - a s ,oon as Antioch falls, Wiffiam/freaux □
Henry/fsa'I □ D □ DD □ Hugh/Gournay [1
or by January, 1099- whichever occurs first .
Rainald/Ct Tout □□ □ William/Ferrm [l r.
[26.32) Each Crusader secretly chooses eight
Cities; Lhe~e Ci1i~ are his Victory conditions. He Warner/Gray CODD Simon/Montfi:vt '7 r
gets no credit for other Cities (see Case 26. 11). 0udo/KOlll.Sbg □ □□ □
Germans a nd Fle mis h
{26.33) On March 11, 1099, each Crusader Player Conon/Montaigu □□ □
reveal<; to the other Crusader Players (but not 10 Peter/Stenay D □□ Leopold/Ok Austr
Otto/Ct 6/drs [J
the \ltuslims) what his conditions are. I f no Player Baldwin/Hainauh OD
has chosen Jerusalem, then each Player may add Otto/Stmry C Jameslld Avsnes □ L7C □
Jeru~alem as a condition. I f o ne or more Players
has chosen Jerusalem, the P layers not chosing Southern Franks (50 A rmy S lrength Points) DESIGN CREDITS
Jerusalem ~uffer Desertion. Raymond/Ct Toulse □ C::::::::J □□□ C::J □□ Game Design a nd De,clopmcnt: Richa rd Berg
(26.34) All P layer~ ~uffering De,ertion lose zoro Adhemar/Monte,7 D P hysical Sy~te,m and G raphic~:
o f their Force, rounded up. Deserting Army Red mo nd A. Simons en
Frncs-Lmbt/Monteil □D □0 0 □
St rength P oints are distributed amongst P layers Special Assis tance: T om W akZ}k, John Gau lier
Rambald/Ct Ornge □ □ □ □C Playtestcrs: Roberl DeVi ro. Ton)' De Vito,
going ror Jerusalem: any odd Army Strength
P o ints are eli minated. Remember . none or th is is Gaston/Beam [J □□ [JU 0 Darryl Esakoff, Jim Halperl. Dave Halpert.
revealed 10 the Muslims. Gerard/Rouss/on D □ □ □0 □ □ Philip Law, Tom Peccorini, Philip e lton
lsoard/Gap D □ DO □ Special TeMing: T he S taff of Perfidious A lbion
(26.351 A Crusader loses one poini for each City (Engla nd) a nd members of the Pennsylnnia
he ha~ chosen that he does not hold at the end of Raymond/Le Forez [100 Wa rgamers Club
the game. Wm-Hugh/Montei/ □ □□ Production: Roberl A. D egni, Kale H iggins.
(26.36) T he P layer with the most Points wins. William/Orange [ lD 0 Manfred F. Milkubn, Norman P earl. Bo b K}er
R10
[23.27] At the siart of the game, all Armenians are
neutral.
[23.28) Control of an Armenian gives control of
hb City of origin to the controlling Player, un less
1ha1 Ci1y is occupied by someone else. It also g.i ves
control to the Player of any City the Am1enian is
actually in, unle.-.s someone else is already in it.
(23.29 ] Armenians may never be used in combat
against other Armenians.
[24.0] ADDITIONAL RULES
APPLICABLE TO
THE FffiST CRU SADE
CASES:
(24. 1) I T RA-FA ITH COMBAT
Because each Player is essentially ou t for himself,
it may happen that Muslim will fight Muslim, and
Crusader fight Crusader. For lntra-Fai1h combat
10 occur, both Players mus1 "ish 10 have combat.
If either Player doe~ not want combat, there is no
combat. In a case where one desires combat bur
the 01her does no1, 1he Force with the lowes1-ra1ed
Commander (Combat) must retreat one hex. (T ie\
broken b) die roU: sec also Case 9.35).
[24.2] INTER-FAIT H ALLlA."IICES
C rusaders ma} fight in alliance with Mu~lims
against euher side. I n such case, Command (and
thus the Prevalent Faith) must be decided by
agreement. If there 15 no such agreement I here can
be no such alliance. and the Forces may nm righ1
together (see also Case 9.35).
[24.3) EFFECTS OF DIS ENSIO
ON MULTI-PLAYER
COMBAT AN D SIEGE
(24.3 1( If there is more than one Force in a hex,
and 1ha1 Force is a11acking. and one (or more) of
lhe Players con1rolling those Forces has dissen-
sion, then the Force(s) "i1h Dissension may not at-
tack. It must \\ithdraw one hex along 1he lines of a
retreat.
124.32) If a For~c cannot, for some reason, with-
dra" 3\ per Case 24.31. it does join the combat.
Howe1er. for each ~uch Force with d issension
1here is an adJus1me111 10 the ratio of one column
again~t 1hea11acking Force.
124.33) The above rule i_s a lso in effect for a Force
1ha1 is defending. H owever. in such case with-
drawal is voluntary in 1ha1 the Commander may
a//empt to wlthdra"'. He rolls one die; if ii is lower
than his Guile Rating, he wi1hdraws. If not. he
stays and ddends, and Case 24.32 applies.
(24.34] A Force with dis~ension may never add i1s
strength to a Siege Assault (although it remains in
the he,). Dis~ension never affects \iege defense.
[24 .4) DISCRETIO A STH E
BETTER PART O F VA LOR
(24.41] E,en \\i thout dissen\ion, a P layer may
,~ish to withdraw from combat (not siege) for
whatever rea\on~ strike him. Th15 decision -
voluntary withdrawal (or. perhaps, judicial
cowardice) - may be made before or after the op-
posing Playerreveals the st reng1 h or his Force.
[24.42] To voluntarily withdraw. a Player rolls
one die. If i1 is lower than the Guile Rating of his
Commander, that Commander's Force may with-
dra" one hex. If such wi1hdrawal is s uccessful, the
Commander loses one G uile Poin1. Remember,
this is a "i1hdrawal without dissension, so do no1
confuse ii with Case 24.3.
(24.43] If a Commander fails in a volun tary
withdrawal. he must stay and right. Howe,er. in
such a case, when deu:rmining casualties (24.5).
for every casualty 1a~en b} the o ther Players the
Player a11emp1ing 10 \\ i1hdraw lakes two, and ab-
sorbs an) odd casual tie,.
[24.44] If. somehow, all Force~ s ucceed in such a
wi1hdra"al, the "ithdrawal i, cancelled and they
all Fight wi th 1he "'ors1 F ormation po~ible.
[24.45] This rule applie~ only if there are Forces
from more than one Player on one "side.··
[24 .5] CA SUALT IES I
M ULTI-PLAYER COMBAT
If more than one Force is involved (allied) in Com-
bat, an~ lo~,e~ are di\ ided as evenly as possible
amongst 1he Players' units. Any overage is absorb-
ed by the unit, o f the Commander of the Force.
[25.0] SCENARIO
INFORMATION:
The F irst C rusade
CASES:
[25. 1] LENGTH OF GA ME
The FirsL Crusade begin5 with the August I. 1097
Game-Tum. 11 ends with the completion of the
Jul} II 1099 Game-Tum. Given the vicissi1udes o f
multi-player games, thl' Firs1 Crusade could lake
around 1en hours (or more) 10 complete.
[25.2] IN ITIAL D EPLOYMENT:
Crusaders (Fi.rs! C rusade)
A//Crusader.,and Bu1imides start in hex 0101. T he
four Crusader Fleets (English, Flemish. Pisan, and
Genoese) arrive via thl' Random Events T able. See
Cases 25.6 and 27.1 for distribution o f Leader\.
The Field Treas11ries "re ;,s folio\\,·
Crusading Force Treasury
S icilian Normans 75 8e72ntS
Germa ns I 00 Be,..ams
Southern Franks 125 Bezants
Northern F ranks/ '\Jormans 150 Bezants
[25.3] IN ITIAL D EP LOYMENT:
Muslims (Firs t Crusade)
(25.31] The Fa limid Caliphate of Eg) pl
Cairo (0329) al-Afdal Shahanshak, Vi1ier of
Egypt: lftikhar-ad-Daulah; 15 Am1y Strength
Points: 100 Bezams.
Alcundria (0 125) Emir; 5 Army Strength Poin1,;
I Fleet. 10 Be7ant5
D amiella (0625) Emir; 5 Army StrengLh Poims:
I Flee!. IO Bezants
P elusium (0826) 5 Army Strength P oints: I Fleet
10 Bezants
The Fatimids hold 11ominal comrol o~er 1he
following cities (in addition to those listed abo,e):
Gaza ( 1424). Ascalon (1524). Jaffa (1523). Tanis
(0626), Arsuf ( 1522). Cacsarea ( 1521 ), Haifa
(1620), Acre (1619), Tyre (1618), and Hebron
{ 1725). There an: no units 111 these cities; thev arc
simply part of ··Fa timid Terri1ory." ..
[15.32] T he~) n ans
Alepp o (2407) Ridwan. Emir of Aleppo; 15 Army
S1reng1h Poims. 15 Beainu.
Da mascus (2 IJ8) Sham~ al-'vtalil Duqaq; ;\1abeg
Toghetkin, 10 Army Strength Points. 30
Bezants
A nlioc h ( 1908) Yoghi-Siyon, 10 A rmy S1reng1h
Poi nts, 25 Bezani5
J erusalem ( 1823) Soqman, the Onoqid Emir of
Amida: !lgohzi; 25 Army Strength P oints: The
True Cross. 25 Bezants
Hamab (211 1) Emir of Hamah: IO Army Streng! h
Poin1s. no Bezants
Homs (221 3) Jarah-ed Daba, Emir of Homs; 10
Army Strength Points. 5 Bezants
Tripoli (18 14) Emir of Tripoli; ID Arm) Strength
Points, 10 Bezants
Harenc (2 108) 5 Arm) Strength Points. no Bezants
Ridwan, Emir of Aleppo, controls al l ci11es north
of 1812-2314 10 St. Symeon-Ravendan-Aleppo
(inclusive).
Duqaq controls T ripoli, Damascus, Baalbck.
Beirut, Sidon, Tibcrias, Nablus, Jerusalem. and
Ramlah.
125.33] T he MosulTurks
Off game-map. an~where be twee n 1001- 1901
Hasan, Emir of Cappadocia; IO Arm} Strength
Point\, 5 Be7ants
Samosara (2503) Bolduk. Emir or Samosata; 15
Army Strength Poim~. 10 Bezants
T a r~u, ( 1506) Emir of Tarsus: 10 Arm) Strength
Point\, 10 Bezants
(15.34] Mosu l Turk Reinforcemenh
On the May I, 1098 Game-Tum. the Army of Ker-
bogho. Atabeg or M osu l arri\l'.S, along \\1th a se-
cond Leader. Wassab ibn- \ilahmud. The Armv i\
50 Army Strength P oinls strong. and ii may e~ter
anywhere on an) hex along the Eastern edge of I he
game-map. It carries a Field Treasury of 10
Bezants.
[25.4) IN ITI AL D EPLOYME:"IT:
Armenians (Firsl Crusade)
M aresh (2003) Thatoul, 2 Army Streng! h Points
Raha n (2203) Kogh Vasil. 2 Army Strength Poini~
Edessa (2405) Thorus, 5 Am1y Strengt h Point\
and 25 Bezants(controls Birejik)
Melitene (2301) Gabriel, 2 Army Strength Point\
I.am pro n ( 1405) Oshin. 5 Arm) Strength Point,
Pa r t.ziperl {1705) Conswntine, 2 Army S1reng1h
PoinL\
(25.5] S P ECIAL FffiSTGAME-TURN
RULES: Firsl Crusade
[25.S l) On the first Game-Turn (August I, 1097),
there is no Diplomacy Phase, nor i, there any Ran-
dom Events P hase. Players simpl) write their
moves and complete them.
(25.52] On the first Game-Turn (only) all
Crusaders and Buumides have a M ovemcm
Allm,ance of 10 . (This will, of ~ourse. increase
their Amilion.)
(25.6] MULTl- PLAYER ASSIGN MENTS
[25.61] The basic - and best -configuration for
The First Crusade is seven Players, divided as
follows: the Fatimid, the Syrian, the Mosul Turk,
the Sicilian Norman, the German, the Southern
Frank .. and the Nontiern Frank and Norman.
[25.62] For eight Players. 1he Syrians are split bet-
ween Ridwan and Duqaq.
[25.63] For six Players, the Fatimid Pla) er is
dimimtl.:d . .:x,.:µt that >tarting with the April I,
1099 Game-Tum the M osul Player conirols a
Fatimid Army of 80 Army Streng1h Points, plus
al-Afdal, in Cairo. No Player may enter Egyp1 un-
til that Game-T urn.
[25.64] For five Players. one Player lake~ the
Sicilian Normans plus the Northern Franks and
No rmans, a second Player takes the German\ plus
the Southern Franks. Musli ms as in Case 25.61.
[25.65) For four P layers, combine Cases 25.63
and 25.64.

[20.62) To de1ermine "he1her he ha< re,eived
rem lorcemems. a ;'\lu,Iim Player u;c; 1he 1ame
dic:c roll he u,cd for Random E,cnt<, read in!! 11 as
11-66. Thu,. a Sand a 3, a; u<ed in the .:,ample in
20.0. becomes a 53. The :-.1u,Iim Player no,, iake-
1ha1 number :1nd con5uh, the Mu\lim Reinforce-
ment Table(20 65).
(20.63) Each number ha, a corr~ponding Cit)
and Rcinlorccmen1 ra1e. If - and only if - the
Player controls the City corresponding to the dice
roll in 20.62, he receives 1he reinforcemcms lis11:d
- and he receive, 1he111 in that City. If he doe~ not
control 1he City, he recci,e, nothing.
(20.64) fhe Muslim P layer may al~o receive rein-
rorceme111, ,ia /nsh 'Allah Event# I
(20.65) Plague "'1usli m R einforcement Table
(see map)
[21.0) GUILE
CASES:
[2 1.1] GUILE RATll\GS
All Leader< have a Guile Raung. Leaders with a
Guile Rating of Oand Bi;hop, with parenthesized
Guile Ratings may not use Treacher).
[21.2] GUIL£Al°'DCOMMA D
If more than one Player has Forces together in the
,amc hex, or the Force; arc 10 join at the end of
movement. and 1ho,c Players cannot reach agree-
mem on" hose Leader will Command the combin-
ed Force. the Players roll for Command. Each
Pla)er tal.e, h,s Leader-choice', Guile rating and
add, to 1ha1 his die roll. High total commands.
(Roll to break 11es in the same fashion.)
[21.3) TREt\CHF.R\' .-\ND SJF.C.ES
(21.31) Treachery Points are gained in the Ran-
dom Event\ Pha~e. The) must be assigned im-
mediately to a specific Leader. They may not be
1ransferred lo another Leader for any reason. No
Leader ma) ever have more than three Treachery
Point,at one lime.
(2 1.32) A Pla)er besieging an Enemy City may try
10 useTreacher~. rather than Assault, 10 take 1ha1
Cit). To do so, a Leader with Treacher} Points
mu,1 be in Command of Siege operation~ that
Game-Turn.
(2 1.33] A besieging Commander must ha,c al
lea~1 one Trcachcr) Point to a11empt Io take a Cit)
by Treachery, and that point mu,t be a,ailabk
after any actions under 21.36.
[2 1.34] T o take a city by treachery a Pla)er an-
nounces he is attempting lreachcry. There is no
Siege As,ault that Game-Tum. The Commander
adds his Treacher} P oints 10 hi~ Guile Rating and
then roll~ two dice, adding them together. If the
dice roll is lower 1han 1he sum of the Guile Rating
plus Treacher) Point,, the City fall, 10 1reachcl").
Thai Commander - and that Player - 1al.c the
City. Defender losses are a~ ,n a regular Assault
( 10.45), with one exception: one Defending Leader
(choice of Defending P layer) plus I Army S1reng1h
Point are allo\\ed to escape," ith up 10 10 Be1an1s.
The c,cap,ng Lender ;_., placed in 1he neore:.i
Friendly City.
(21.35] If the dice rol l is 1hesameasnrhigherihan
the \Um oft he Guile Rating plus Treachery Points,
treachery fail~. The Players go direct I) 10 Siege At-
trition.
[21.36) A Player defending against a siege may
use !reacher, 10 cou111crbalance oppo~ing
treachery. lf a Leader in a besieged city ha~
Treachery Points, he may use them to reduce the
number of T reachery Points used again~l him.
Each T reachery Pomt he uw< negate< one
Treacher> Point u~ed against him.
(21.37] All treachcl') is h'rillen as an order. (Thus,
nei1her Player knows what the other is doing.)
Furthermore, Treachel") P oints \\Tillen into an
o rder are expended whether they" ork or not.
[21A] C HA'IGES TOGU IL£RATl~GS
(2 1.41 ] Printed Guile Ratings are nor perma11en1;
the) may, nuctuate :u:cording 10 certain actions
tak<!n b> the Leader. Players should keep !rad. nf
any changes ona piece of paper.
{2 1.42) A Leader increases his Guile Rating if any
one of 1he folio" ing occurs:
a. He is in Command of a, ictonous Land Baille
(the oppo,ing ,ide retreats). There is no increase
for defeating a Force of Armenian\ (only): or
b. He takes a city by Siege Assault, Treachery. or
by a Surrender to that Leader; or · ANDNAV\
c. He capture, The True Cross.
(21.43) A Leader loses one Guile Point if any one
oft he following occurs:
a. He fails m 1akea dt} by 1reachery; or
b. He fails in an assassina1ion a1tempt: or
c. He fails in a d isputation of a Vision: or
d. He is Commander for the Player "ho rolls
Deus Vulr # 12; or
e. He voluntari ly withdra"' from combat (24.42).
[21.44] Guile Ra11ngs ma) never exceed 6 nr go
lower than I (unles~ they are already OJ.
[22.0) THE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE
CASES:
(22.1] B TlMIDES
[22. 11] A Byzantine, Manuel Butimidcs. was
assigned to the Crusade b) Emperor Alexius 10
help with siege operations. Bu1imides has a force
of 5 Army Strength Poinl> (use A rmy Strength
Point coulllcrsl, and he helps with Siege~.
122.12] At lhe beginning of the game. Butimidcs is
a11ached to the Player whose chosen Commander
ha~ the highest total of Guile Rating plus one die
roll. Thai Player controls Butimides until a
specific e,ent occurs (sec Case 22.13).
(22. 13] Butimide<. changes allegiance onl) if one
of the follO\,ing occurs:
a. By ,pecific agreement between Crusader
Players: or
b. The chosen Commander (for that Game-Turn)
for 1ha1 Player ("ith 13utimide~) loses a Guile
Point. The other Cru~aders then repeat 22.12. and
Butimides is placed with the ·'winning" Pla)er: or
c. The Emperor's Oath (see Case 22.2).
[22.14) Butimides goe<. home ,,hen Deus Vulr # 12
occurs.
[22. 15) Bu1im1des may not lose an Army Strength
Pom1 until ever_v other Crusader Leader in the
,ame he, has lost an Army Strength Poin1.
(22. 16] A Commander who has Butimidcs stack-
<:!d and allied with htm adjusts the ratio one colum n
in hi, fa,or \1ohen rolling for Siege A~sault. If the
Assault ratio is less than 2-1, I his i, ignored.
(22.2) TH£EMPEROR'S OATH
Each Crusader, when in Cons1an1inople, gave hi~
Oath to the Emperor Ale>.1us tha1 he wou ld not
seek land for him,elf in the Middle East and that
an) thing 1al.en "ould be for Christendom - and
1he Emperor. In return, the Crusaders received
victuals and the general aid of the Empire. When
A9
Alcxius abandoned the Crusader,. the Cru~aders
ignored the oath.
[22.2 1] If a Cru,adcr Player take, a Le,cl Two
City or abo,c and pledges it to the Emperor.
Bu1imide, immediatel> comes over to hi,,idc.
[22.22) A Player gams no Victor, Poin1, for
Ci11es pledged 10 the Emperor. unless they are re-
1aken by the '.\luslims and then re-taken b} another
(or even the ,amc) Crusader. Howc,cr, the Player
,..,// recei, c the income from that Cit).
[22.231 If two Cru,adcrs pledge Cities 10 the
Emperor in the same Game-Turn. high Guile
Rating-plus-die roll gets Bu1imide~.
[22.24] Once Deus Vulr # 12 occurs all Pledg~ are
off, and Ciues pledged to the Emperor revert 10
w hoc, er occupie, I hem.
[22.3] THE B\'ZA:'\TINE ARM\'
(22.3 I) If any Mu$lim Force or Fleet enter, any
he, North of - and including - an) he, in
Cyprus, and West of - and incl uding - he'CO\\
1400, the ByL.antinc Army and Na,y immediate!)
emer, the game.
(22.32) The Byzantine Army- 50 Arrn) Strength
P oints, 100 BeLants, Emperor A lexius, and
General Ta1idu,- is placed in hex 0l01. It is mov-
ed by the Crusader Player with the highest Guile
Ra11ng-plus-die roll Commander for that Game-
Tum. The Byzantine Army may be used only
against Musli ms. and Byzamine Bezants ma} be
expended only for A1tri1ion.
[22.341 The Byzamine Forcc/ Flcc1 remains in the
Adalia (0106) and iscontrolled as in 22.32.
(22.34] The Byzant ine Force/ Fleet remain in the
game un1 il all Muslim forces arc gone from the
area described 1n 22.31. The Byzantine Ann) and
Fleet is a ffected by Deus Vulr # 12. If# 12 has oc-
curred already, this entire rules Section is ignored.
[23.0) ARMENIANS
CA SES:
[23.1] ARMENIA COUNTERS
Armenian counters are Leader~. but the) use Ar-
my S1renglh Pom1 counters. Armenian Leaders
have a Mo,·emenl Allowance of fi,e, and the) are
Tertiar) Leaders. They are ne,cr affected by Vi-
sion5. Armenians do not undergo \.l ovement or
Wea1her Attrition, bu1 they are susceptible to
Plague and Siege A 11rit1on.
[23.2] CO'.'ITROLLINC ARMENIANS
(23.21) Players ontrol Armenian, through
briber). Armenians go 10 the h1ghes1 bidder and
remain with tha t Player until someone else bids for
1heir ,en ice,.
[23.22] A Player may bribe one Armenian per
Game-Turn. H e may control as many Armenians
as he can afford.
[23.23) All Armenian bribes must be ,n gradations
offive Beza111s.
(23. 24( The Player who offers the h1ghe,1 Bribe in
a given Game-Tum control, 1he chosen Am1enian.
Ho"e,er, all Briber} money ordered is ewended.
even if unsuccessful. If there are two "high"
bribes, the Armenian remains" here he was.
(23.25) If an Am1enian "ii h Force A is , uecess-
full) bribed by P layer B, B may move the Arrne-
nian to any adjacen1 he;,..
(23.26) The P layer "ho contro ls the Armeruan
moves him. O1herwise, Armemans stand in place,
defending if nec~sar). Control lasts until another
Player bribe, the Armenian away,
R8
(17.2) WHO WINS
The Player with the mo,t Victory Poin~ win,.
H0\\aever. if the Crusader Player has a less than
five point margin and he does not control
Jerusalem. 1he Crusade is considered a Draw. If
the Saracen Player ha, the most point~ he wins.
regardless or "ho controls Jerusalem. Players
wishing to pla) simply for the sake of the game
may ignore the Historical Jerusalem re,tricl ion.
[17.31 CO TROL
To earn Victory Point~ for a Cit}. a P layer must
control that City. A Player controls a City/ Castle
if he was the lasl Player to 0CCUP} it. A City or
Castle under siege can still earn Victory P oints if
the siege has not been successfu l by the end of the
game.
[18.0] THE FIRST CRUSADE
The First Crusade is a multi-player game for from
three 10 eight people. Seven is the ideal number. All
rules or The Third Crusade apply 10 , he Fim
Crusade. unless 00100 01 berwbe.
[19.0] ECONOMICS
GENERAL RULE:
The Firsl Crusade uses an economic systed based
on a legal tender called the Be~ant. Be,ants are
kept in Treasuries. Each Player starls with his O\\ n
Treasury. Players earn addi11onal BeLanb by oc-
cupyingcitie~. each Ci1y bringing a certain amount
of income per Game-Turn. Bezants may also be
earned from Random E,ents.
(19. l] TREASURIES
119. llj All Bennt, are kepi in either Field
Treasuries or City Trea,urie,.
[1 9.12] A Cit} T rcasuf) is any Friendly Cit) \\ ith
at least IO Bezants inside the Cit} . If a P layer ha~
no City "ilh at least 10 Bczants. then any Friendly
Cities with Bezants can be City Treasurie,. City
Treasuries levels are recorded on paper.
J,±1
[ 19.13) Field Trea~urie, are repre,ented by
numbered coumer, ror 1den1ifica11on. 1-'ield
Treasurie, mo,e wirh Leaders.
[ 19.14] Income collected from Cities is placed in
1hat City. Income collected from Bribe, may be
placed any" here. (A City can ha,e and/or collect
Be,anls even if i1 contains noCityTrcasury.)
[ 19.2] U EOFTREASURIE .
[ 19.21] Payments for bribes and \upplying force,
(6.46) must come from 1he Field T reasur} of 1hc
Leader paying such cost. unless thal Leader is in a
City conraininga Treasury.
[ 19.22] Payment for anything not s1a1ed in Ca,e
19.21 may-come from an~ Friendly Treasury_
119,231 To be 1ransferred from one TreasUf)' 10
another, Be,.ant, musl be literal!} 1:arried by a
Leader from one place to the next. nu~re is no cost
10 pick up and caff) Dezan is. nor is I here any limit
to 1hearnoun1 tha1 can be carried.
( 19.24] There i, no limit to I he number of Bezants
that any one Treasury can hold.
[ 19.251 If a City 1, raken by ,;iege. 1he en , ire
Treasury is ,·aptured. unless the City is taken by
!reacher} c,ee Ca,e :!1.3). In the l:111er event. 1he
escaping Leader may take 10 Beza111s with him. In
a Surrender, any financial deal may be arranged.
119.26] lfa Force with a Field T reasury is required
to retreat after combat. it loses 10"'• of irs
Treasury (rounded up) for each hex it must retreat
(whether it docs so or not). Thu,. a Force 1ha1
must re1rea1 three hexes loses J0°To of its Field
Treasury 10 the Victor.
[19.3] INCOME
[ 19.31] If a Player•~ For.:e (or Army Strength
P oints) occupies (physical presence) a Level T"o.
Three or Four Cil). he wiU J!CL income from 1ha1
City in the Income Phase of any Game-Turn ex-
cepla \\ imerGame-Turn(seeCase 13.27).
IJ9.32] The income of a City is the same as us
leH·I. (E"cep1 Level One Cil) produces no in-
come).
119.33] Income may also resu lt from a Random
Event (20.0).
[ 19.34] All income is placed in the City a1 which i1
arrives. H o\\ever. Bczams arri,ing from outside
aid (20.2/7&8) are treated as Field Treasuries
without Leaders, wai ting 10 be picl-.ed up.
( 19.35] Unoccupied cities. citic-; in winter, and
cities under siege (sec Case I 0.38) produce no in-
come. Cities with Plague produce no income in the
rum rhe} have plague. Blodadcd citie\ may pro-
duce income.
(19.4] BRIBES
Players may bribe OLher Players to do "bate,er
they 1hink necessary. Bribes mus1 be Wrinen. All
Bribe money is transferred in the Bribery Phase-
before rhe acrion 1ha1 has been bribed takes place.
(The possibiliti~ for double-cross are obviou~.)
Bribe money is transferred from Leader LO Leader
bu1 need not be transported.
[19.51 t"AI IMID FLEET
MAI TENA CE
In any Game-Turn in which the Fatamid Player
moves his Fleets LO any hex other than a Fatamid-
comrolJed Port. he must pay a cost of five Bezanls
per Fleet. No Fleet may move until rhi~ cost b
paid. and payment may come from any Friendly
City Treasur).
[20.0] RANDOM EVENTS:
The First Crusade
GENERAL RULE:
The Third Crusade Random EvcnL~ Rules Section,
14.0. i, ignored. lns1ead, each Player m the game
(not Just one Crusader or one Muslim) rolls for a
Random b ·ent during the Random Event Phase.
Referring 10 rhc First Crusade Random E,cms
Tables. the Random Even I is applied immediately.
There is no particula r order in which Players must
roll. Muslim Reinforcements enter the game as a
result of Random Events.
PROCEDURE:
Each Player uses the Random E,en1s Table (20.1)
to determine his Random Eve111s number. Eath
P layer 1hen refer~ to one of I\\O Tables 10 deter-
mine what that number means. All Cru;ader
P layers use 1he Deus Vult! Table for their Evcms;
the \1uslim Players each uw the lnsh"Allah! Table
for explanations of their events. Two dice activate
the Random Events Table. The firs 1 die thrown by
a Player i, the column, the second die is 1he row.
Thus a 5 and then a 3 would be read as column
five. rm, three: the result. a 118 e,ent.
CASES:
[20. l] RANDOM EVE TS TABLE
(see map)
(20.2] DEUS VULT!
The great rallying cry of the Council of Clermont.
1095, became the Watchword of the Crusaders.
God Wills It! The following Even1~ corre.\pond 10
the number., on the Random Evems Table 120. 1.
see map).
[20.3] I NSWALLA/1!
Insh'Allah 1s Arabic for "Fate... And the follow-
ing bits of Fate corre,pond 10 the numbers on 1he
Random Even1s Table (see map).
[20.4) VISlONS
[20.41] A P layer who receives a Vision gain~ the
following benefits:
a. All hts Leaders may move one cxlra hex that
Game-Turn: and
b. For any combat in which hi$ Leader i, in Com-
mand. he adjus1s the ratio one column in his ravor:
and
.:. He adds one 10 rhe die roll for an:,, Siege A\.aull
he commands; and
d. If under Siege (whether in Command or not) he
subtracts one from t he Mu~lim"s die roll.
[20.42] Because victory in combat increases a
Lcadcr·s Guile Ra1ing (21.42), ~ well a~ other
benefits. other Crusaders might wanl 10 dispute a
Vision•, authen11city.
(20.43) Any Player \\ilh a Bishop may dispute a
Vision. A Vision must be disputed upon receipt:
01herw1~e ii i~ automatically accepted as authentic.
[20.44] To dispute a Vision. a Player simply states
he wishes LO dispute. He roll~ one die and com-
pares the die roll with the Guile Rating of his
disputing Bishop. If' 1hat die roll is ht!{her than the
Guile Rating of his Bi~hop, rhe Vision is deemed
a111hen11c. All Forces of the d isputing Player suffer
immediate dissension (24.3) and their mo,emenl is
reduced by one for 1ha1 Game-Turn.
[20.45] If 1he die roll is the same as or lower than
the Bi~hop's Guile Rating 1he Vision is deemed a
Jake. The Player who received the Vi\ion must
reduce his Commander's Guile Rating by one
point. and 20.4 1 docs 1101 apply.
(20.46] A Player receiving a Vi~ion may arnid
disputation by denying the Vision himself.
(20.SJ PLAGUE
[20.51] If a Player ger, a Random Event of
P lague. he immediately thrm,s one die twice and
combines 1hc results, in an 11-66 read-c)ul. Thus a
l and a S a re 15.
(20.521 He then consuhs 1he Plague Mu,lim
Reinforcement Table (20.65) and finds the Cit>'
.:orresponding 10 the number he threw. Thal cir~
ha, P.lague. regardless of whether he controls that
City or not.
120.53] To de1ermine the efrects of Plague. each
Player with forces inside the affected City refer, 10
tht> Siege A11ri11on Table, City Column. H e ro lls
one die. noting the A11rilion loss listed under !he
City Column. He doubles that number. and this is
the number of hi, Army S1reng1h Points elimi-
nated by Plague. Thus. if he rolled a four, 1he
number would be 2: muh1plied times 2. 1his r~ult
would mean four Army Strength Points dead.
[20.54] P lague affecis a Ci1y regardless of
"hcther i t is bemg besieged or not. Plague lo,se,
may 1101 be diminishc:d b) payments.
[20.6) MUSLIM REINFORCEMENTS
(20.6 1] Muslim reinforcements (Army Strength
Points) are initiated by mean, of rhe Random
E,ems Table during the Random Event\ Phase.
l'\s rhc) arrive after order~ are wri11en. reinforce-
ments may no1 move until the Game-Turn follow-
ing 1heir arrival.

(t:Onlmrmlfrom pagr R6/
Moreover, ony Force that moves during Wimer
must lose at least one Army Strength Point (unless
it buys ii back; see Case 6.48).
[ 13.24] During Wimer, for Siege Attrition losses,
the besieger uses the Barren column, regardless of
the hex he is in. Besieged losses are normal.
[13.25) In Winter, a Force that does not move and
is not inside a City/ Castle or besieging one loses
one Army Strenglh Point per Game-Turn, in addi-
tion 10 Case 6.47.
(13.26) Forces inside a City/ Castle are still im-
mune from Attrition (unless under s iege).
[13.27] Winter never affects any Fenile hex (or
City therein) in Egypt (the southwest corner of the
game-map).
[14.0] RANDOM EVENTS:
The Third Crusade
GENERAL RULE:
In the Random Events P hase in The Third
Crusade, each Player determines whether any
event out of his control will affect the course of the
game. Each Player rolls one die. If he rolls a 1, a
Random Event occurs. That Player then rolls an
odditionol die to see what the Random Event is.
The event takes place immediately, before any
other action. This section applies only to The
Third Crusade. See Game-Map.
[14.3] ASSASSI ATIO
A splinter Muslim sect, known as Assassins (or
Hashshasin, derived from the drug Hashsheesh.
which they took}, specialized in Killings for Hire
(usually with religious motives).
[14.31) If a P layer rolls Assassination on his Ran-
dom Events Table, he may allempt to Assassinate
an Enemy Leader.
( 14.32] The Player chooses the Leader he wislles
to attempt to kill and rolls one die. If the die roll is
higher than that Leader's Combat Rating, the
Leader is assassinated. The Crusader Player
always subtracts rwo from any such die roll.
( 14.33) Army Strength Points assigned to an
assassinated Crusader Leader are not eliminated;
they are distributed amongst any other Leaders of
the same contingent (i.e., English, French, etc.).
However, Army Strength Points assigned 10
Richard or Philip of France are eliminated.
[15.0] NEUTRALS
GENERAL RULE:
During The Third Crusade, several personages
maintained a posture of neutrality, Thus, during
The Third Crusade scenario, Bohemond Ill,
Prince of Antioch, and Bohemond TV, Governor
of Tripoli, as well as King Leo I/ of Armenia are
"neutral." They ostensibly belong lO 1he Crusader
Player. H owever they may nol be moved, unless
attacked by the Saracen P layer. Once attacked,
they may be moved normally. (Both Bohemonds
will react if either is attacked.) Isaac Comnenus,
ruler of Cyprus, is neutral in the sense that he is
beholden to no one. H owever, he will defend in
place if auacked. Un-occupied "neutral" Ports
are "friendly" to all Fleets. Neutrals have a Zone
of Influence only for the City they are in (unless
activated). Crusaders and Saracens may move
freely through the hex "oucside" such Cities.
R7
[16.0] SCENARIO [16.4] INITIAL DEPLOYMENT: Neutrals
Famagusta (1212): Isaac Comnenus; I Army
INFORMATION: Strength P oint
The Third Crusade Tars us (1507): King Leo //; 10 Army Strength
P oints
[16.1) LENGIB OF THE GAME Tripoli (1814): Bohemond JV
The Third Crusade begins with the April II, 1191 Antioch ( 1908): Bohemond Ill
Game-Turn. It ends al the conclusion of the Neutrals control all cities west of Raban and
August n, 1192 Game-Tum. A game s hould take Meli1ene, plus Limassol and Famagus1a. Antioch
approximately four hours to complete. and Tripoli are considered Crusader cities.
[16.2] INITLAL DEPLOYMENT (16.5] CASTLE DEPLOYMENT
Crusaders The four castles arc localed as follo"s:
The Crusader Player sets up his Leaders as al- Marqab: Hex 1811
follows: Beaufort: Hex 1817
In T yre (1618) Conrad of Monferrat; Bolian of Krak d e Montrea l: Hex 1826
[belin (Total Force of9 Army Strengih Points. K rak d es C hevaliers: hex 21 13
1618 Philip, King of France; H ugh de Burgundy;
Peter de Courtney; William de les Barres; Ralph [16.6] REINFORCEMENTS
de Clermont; William de Chaton; John de Fon- The following units arrive during the course of the
tigny; Alain de St-Valery; DreUJ( de Mello; game. They are placed in the he'I: or area indicated,
Aubrey Clement; Narjot de Touvy; Raymond at no c.:ost 10 the unit(s). They are moved as normal
de Turenne; Geoffrey de Joinville. {Total Force units in their turn of arri\al. All Reinforcements
of 23 Army Strength Points). Two French arrive in 1he Order Segment.
Fleets. Cmsader Reinforcements
1619 King Guy; Amalric; Geoffrey of Lusignan;
May I , 119 1 Anya/I-sea hex on Western map edge,
Humphrey of T oron; ReynaldofSidon; Worner
11orrh of Beirut
of Nablus; Robert of Sable; H enri de Cham-
pagne; Philip, Comte de Flanders; Jolin de Sees; Richard I, King of England: Andrew de
Henri de Bas; Guy de Dampiere; Robert de Chauvigny; Hubert, Bishop of Salisbury;
DreUJ(; Erard de Brienne; Philip, Bishop of Garin fit-z Gerald; William de Preaux; Simon
de Montfort. ( 16 Army Strength Points) 2
Beauvais; Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury;
Hugh of Gournay; William de Ferrers; Leopold English Fleets.
of Austria; 0110 of Guelders; Jomes of Avesnes. Saracen Reinforcemenrs
(Besieging Acre; a Force of 55 Army Strength J u ne I , 119 1 Damasrns (2118)
P oints) Two Danish Fleets, P isan Fleel, /mad ad-Din Zengi 11. Lord of Sinjar; 10 Army
Oenoese Fleet, F risian Fleet, Norman Fleet, S1rength P oints
Venetian Fleet, Flemish Fleet.
1814 Jerusalem Fleet. Junell , 1191 Cairo(OJ29)
Krak de Chevaliers {in 2l13) Geoffrey of Donjon. al-A::.i:,, 'Uthman Imad ad-Din, Emir of Egypt:
15ArmyS1reng1h Points
The Crusaders control the following cities and
castles: Antioch, St. Symeon, al-Marqa b, Tripoli, July I , 1191 Damascus(2//8)
Tortosa, Tyre and Krak des Chevaliers. lz:i: ad-Din Mas'ud, Lord of Mos ul; 10 Army
Strength Points
If, for some reason. the Saracen reinforcement
[16.3] INITIAL DEPLOYMENT cities are occupied by Crusaders, the Armies of
Saracens Sinjar and Mosul may appear on any hex on the
The Saracen Player sets up his units as follows: Eastern edge of the game-map. The Army of
Cajro (0329): I Army Strength Point Egypt may appear in an~ of the following hexes:
Damietta (0625): 4 Egyptian Fleets 0129, 0228. 0428 or 0529.
Jaffa (1523): 2 Army Strength P oints; 6 Egyptian
Fleets
Ascalon ( I524): 5 Army Strength Points
Acre (1619): Kara-Kush, Governor of Acre; 18
Army Strength Points (Acre is under Siege)
[17 .O] VICTORY CONDITIONS
Nablus ( 1722): 2 Army Strength Points The Third Crusade
Beaufort ( 18 I 7): I Arrny Strength Poini
CASES:
Hex 1819: Saladin (an-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf
ibn Aiyub, Sultan of Egypt and Syria): [17. l] SCHEDULE OF
Saphadin (al Adi l Abu-Bakr Saif ed-Din, Emir VICTORY POI T S
of Jazira); Toki (al-Malik al-Modaffer Taki ed Players gain Victory Pom LS for controlling the,e
-Din Omar); 40 Arrny Strength P oints cities/castles at the end of the game·
Je rusalem (1823): 10 Army Strength Poims; The
True Cross. Pointr for Poi111s for
City/Castle Crusader Saracen
Krak de M ontreal (1826): l Army Strength Point
Hamab (2111): al-Mansur (al-Mansur M uham- Acre (1619) 3
A ntioch ( 1908) 0
mad I. Nasir-ad-Din, Emir of Hamah); 5 Army
Strength Points Ascalo n (I 524) 2 2
D amascus {2118): al-Afdal (al-Afdal ' Ali Nur-ad- Un ufocl ( 1817) 2 5
Din, Emir of Damascus): 10 Army Strength Cairo (0329) 5 0
Points Famagus ta (l 2121 2 0
Ho ms (2213): al-M ujohid (al-Mujahid Shirkuh, Jaffa (1523) 2 2
Salah ad-Din, E mir of H oms); 5 Army Strength Jerusalem ( 1823) 10 5
P oints
K rak des C heva liers
Aleppo (2407): a:,,-Zahir (az-Zahir Ghazi
(2113) 2 5
Ghiyath-ad-Din, Emir of Aleppo); 5 Army
Strength P oints T ortosa (Hl12) 0 2
Tripoli (1814) 0 2
The Saracens control all cities/castles not controll-
ed by Crusaders (16.2) or Neutrals (16.4). T yre ( 1618) 3 5
R6
Barren hexes. It may be traced through as many
Barren hexes (total) as the Crusader Player wishes,
but no more than two of t.hese may be consecutive.
The Muslim/Saracens may trace through no more
than three consecutive Barren Terrain hexes.
(11.17] Lines of Communication are judged a t the
beginning of the Movement Phase. However, a
Force that has been ordered to Defend may block a
Line of Communication in the Game-T um it has
been so ordered.
111 . 18) Land units in Coastal hexes may use
Friendly Fleets presem in that hex to trace a L ine
of Communkation back 10 a Friendly Supply
Source. Such a Line of Communication cannot a-
ceed five hexes and may 001 be traced in Winier.
Each F leet Strength Point may Supply 10 Army
Strengt.h P oints.
( 11 . 19) Units inside a City/Castle need never trace
a Line of Communication. They are not affected
by any lack of a Line of Communication.
[ 11.2) EFFECTS OF FAILURE
TO TRACE A LINE
OF COMMUNICATION
[11.11] If a Crusader Force begins a Movernem
Phase without a Line of Communication, the
Crusader uses the 19+ Line on the Movement At-
trition Table for determining Movement Amilion
losses, regardless of how far the Force moves or
whether it moves at all!
[11.21] If a Muslim/Saracen Force begins a
Movement Phase without a Line of Communica-
tion, it may move only two hexes that Game-Tum
(one in rain Game-Turns). Regardless of its size,
the Force suffers a loss of one Army Strength
Point, in addition 10 any losses suffered on the
Movement Allrition Table.
[12.0] NAVAL RULES
G ENERAL RU LE:
Fleets are used 10 blockade, provide a form of
"supply,'· and to fight Enemy Fleets. Basically,
Fleets move between Friendly P orts and engage in
combat when in the same hex as opposing Fleets.
Fleets may T ransport men and Treasuries.
CASES:
(12.1) FLEETS
(12. 1l ) Most Fleet counters have a strength of 2
on one side and a strength of/ on the reverse side.
The lauer is a "reduced" strength, used if the Fleet
suffers any losses. Thus, ifa 2 Fleet loses one Fleet
Strength Poim, ii may be turned over to its one-
poim side. One-point Fleets that lose a point are
eliminated.
(12.11) Fleets do not exert Zones of influence.
They control only I.be hex they are in - and then
only if they are on Blockade. Fleets have no effect
on Land Forces (and vice versa).
[12. 13] Fleets do not use Leaders to move or fight,
and they derive no benefit from them.
(12.2) FLEET MOVEME T
[12.21) Each Flee1 has a Movement Allowance of
JO Sea hexes wilh the exceplion of Winter Game-
Tums. when the Allowance is five. Fleets must be
ordered to move, the same as any other unit.
[ 11.22) Fleets may enter any hex that contains
Sea, as long as they do not cross an all-land. hex-
side.
[11.13] A F leet must end the Movement Phase in a
Friendly (controlled) Pon, with these exceptions:
a. A Fleet may end a Movement P hase in a
Coastal hex if it is on or about to blockade (see
Case 12.3).
b. A Fleet may end its movement in a Coastal hex
if it has, in that Game-Tum, transported or sup-
p lied Army Strength Points in lbat hex, or engaged
in Naval Combat.
[ 12.24] A Fleet that does not satisfy 12.23 is
eliminated.
[12.25] Fleets may move through Enemy Fleets,
unless such Enemy Fleels arc on Blockade.
(12 .26} Fleets may never "occupy" or "control"
Ports. Only Land units may do so.
[12.3) BLOCKADE
( 12 .31) Fleets may be ordered to Blockade Enemy
P orts and/or any Coastal hex to prevent passage
and supply by Enemy Fleets.
[12.32) A Fleet that has moved in a Game-T urn
may not Blockade.
(12.33] A Port under B lockade by Enemy Fleets
may not act as a Line of Communication source
for the Crusaders.
[12.34) Friendly Fleets must stop when they emer
a hex under Enemy Blockade. This precipitates
Naval Combat.
(12-4] NAVALCOMBATPROCEDURE
(12.41] When opposing Fleets end their Move-
ment Phase in the same hex. Naval Combat en-
sues.
(12.42] Both Players total all their Naval Strength
Points in that hex; no Points may be withheld. The
Player with the most Naval Strength P oints is the
Attacker. If both s ides are even, determine the At-
tacker by rolling a die. T he Attacker subtracts the
Defender's Points total from his own 10 obtain the
Naval Combat Differential. Thus, if 12 points at-
tacked 9, the differenlial would be 3 .
[12.43) If the Attacker has at least twice the
strength of the Defender, he adds one Point to his
Differential. If he has at least three times the
Defender's strength, he adds two points. Thus, 4
points auacking J results in a Differential of S (the
normal 3 . plus 2 for having 3-1 strength or belier).
[12.44] The Allacker consults the Naval Combat
Results Table (12.48) and rolls one die. A ny results
are applied immediately.
[ 12.45] Numbers represent percentage losses of
the total Strength, rounded up. Thus, a 10/-
means that the Altacker loses IO% of his Fleet.
Distribution of losses is determined by 1he Player
affected.
[ 12.46] An r results means that the affected Fleet
m ust retreat 10 the nearest Friendly Port within 10
sea hexes. Such hexes may not include Enemy
Fleets on Blockade. ln Winter, such a retreat may
nor exceed five he.,-:e,.
[12.47] Fleets unable 10 Retreat are eliminaled in
entirety.
[12.48) Naval C ombat Results T a ble (sec map)
[12.5) NAVAL TRANSPORT
[12.51) Each two-point Fleet may transport up to
10 Army Strength Points (and, in the First
Crusade only, unlimited Treasury). Muslim/
Saracen Leader counters travel free.
[12.52) Each one-point F leet may carry up to 5
Army Strength P oints (plus unlimited T reasury
and Muslim/ Saracen Leaders).
[12 .53) Fleet T ransport is an order (see Section
5.0). T ransponing Fleets and their cargo must
start the Game-Tum in the same hex, and that hex
must be a Friendly P ort. The Flee! moves in 1ha1
Game-Turn, with its cargo, to its destination.
[12 .54] Land units (and Treasuries) are debarked
at the end of Fleet Movemem. Such Land units
may not move in the Game-Tum in which they are
debarked. Such Forces may attack Enemy Forces
in the hex to which they were transported.
[ l2.SS] Generally, Army Strength Points may be
transported to any coastal hex. H owever, there
were few good anchorages in the Middle East, and
transporting troops by sea was problematical.
T here may be no transporting of troops or
T reasuries Lo any hex in Winter, with the exception
of the ports listed below. Furl hermore, trans-
portation of land units in normal months or Rain
to any hex other than those ports listed below may
cause casualties. When debarking such Land,
units roll one die: if a 5 or 6 is rolled, I0OJo (round-
ed up) of the Army Strength Points are eliminated.
Leaders and Treasuries are unaffected. If the de-
barkation hex is nor a Friendly Port, add one to
1he die roll. Ports immune from both this and
Wimer restrictions are: Acre, Fumagusla , Alex-
andria , Oamiell.a and Pelusium .
[12.56] Fleets transporting Army Strength Points
10 a Coastal hex may end their movement in that
hex. T hey may also move on, if they have the
Movement Points LO do so. There is no cost 10
debark units. Remember Case 12.23.
r12.s71 Forces debarked in a Coastal hex that at-
tack an Enemy Force and are required to retreat
must retreat onto the Fleet. Retreat ends there.
[12.58] lf a Flee1 carrying Army Strength Points
or Treasuries suffers any combat losses, the
number of Army Strength Point~ must be reduced
to correspond to the transport capacity of the Fleet
counters. If a one-point Fleet is carrying Treasury,
the Treasury is lost. If a two-poinJ Fleet loses I
point, ½ the Treasury is lost (round fractions up).
[12.6) SPECIAL EFFECTS
OF WEATHER ON FLEETS
[12.611 Starting with each November Game-Tum
- and continuing through all Winter Game-Turns
- the Crusader Player rolls, in the Random
Events Phase, for each of his Fleet units. If he rolls
a I, 2, or 3, that Fleet (counter) is removed from
the game.
(12.62] All Crusader Fleets removed under Case
12.61 return in the March II Game-Turn. They are
placed in either Adalia (0106) or Famagusta
( I 2 l2). if the latter is controlled by the Crusaders.
(12.63) Weather has no effect on Blockade or
Combat, other than that discll5sed in Cases 12.21
and 12.55.
[13.0] WEATHER
CASES:
[13.l) RAI
The Game-Tums of November and March I are
Rain Game-Tums. During Rain Game-Turns,
Muslims/Saracens have a Movement Allowance
o f three (one, if they have no Line of Communica-
tions), while all other units have an allowance of
two. No Force may cross a River hexside - at any
time - during a Rain Game-Turn. A Line of
Comm unication may not be traced across a River
in a Rain Game-T urn.
[13.21 WlNTER
[13.21] December, January and February are
Winter Game-Tums.
[13.22] Movement Allowances in Winter Game-
Turns are normal.
[13.23] During Wiater Game-Tums, all Move-
ment Atlrition Points for hexes arc doubled.
/commued onpagr R7/

[10.0] SIEGES
GENERAL RULE:
Forces or stacks or Army Strength Points inside
Cities or Castles may be auacked only by Siege.
Each City/ Castle has a Siege Defense Factor by
"hich the Anny Strength Poin1s inside the
City/ Castle are multiplied to produce the Siege
Defense S1reng1h. The besieging Player compare~
hi~ strength "ith that or the Defender/ besieged
Player and con\ults the Siege As,aull Tahir. If lhe
Assault is successful, the city falls. O1herwise.
both Players undergo Siege A11rition.
CASES:
(10.1] CITIES
[10. 11) There are four different 1ypes of Cities.
each differentiated by the" Level" of its fortifica-
1ions. See the Terrain Key on the game-map.
[ 10.12] The Level of a City is that City's Siege
Defense Factor To obtain the Siege Defense
Strength of the de[enders inside a City, multiply
the Army Strength Points by the Siege Defense
Factor. For example, 10 Army Strength Points in-
side Acre have a Siege Defense St.rcngth of 30
(l0X3=30).
[ I0.13) Players wiU note that all Cities and Castles
arc mini- hexes inside a main hex. Each such City-
hex is 1reated as if it were a separate hex for move-
ment purposes. Thus, a force in 0428 would ex-
pend two Movement Poims to enter Cairo; one to
enter 0329 and one w enter the City. City/ Castle
hexes have no Allrition Point value.
()0 . 14) A City or Castle taken by Siege retains its
S,ege Defense Factor.
r:7
( 10.2] C A STL ES ~ Defender multiplying his Army Strength Points by
[10.21) Castl~ arc used only in the Third
Crusade. Each Castle has its own counter and its
own Siege Defense Factor. The hex location of
each Castle b printed on 1he bad. of the coun1er.
(Note that Krak des Chevaliers replaces the wwn
ofHosn al'Akrd.)
( I0 .22] Castle, arc tre.ited as Ci1ies; they arc he,e~
wi1l11n hc,es. They may hold 25 ASP'~-
( 10.2JJ Each Castle has a buih-in one Strength
Point Garrison. That Garrison is indigenous to the
CaMle and must be eliminated by Siege before the
Castle can be taken. Garrison Points do not e'lert a
Zone of lnOuence into an adjacent hex and do not
suffer Ami1ion of any type. The Garrison Point is
the lasl poin1 to be elimina1ed by Siege. Garrisons
ma> not be u~ed fora11ack.
[ 10.24 ) When a Castle is captured, the Garrison is
eliminated. However, once 1he Player who \\On
the siege enter; 10 take control of the Casile, 1he
Castle again ha, a one-Point garrison.
[10.3) LAY1 G A ND
MAINTAINING S IEGES
[ 10.31] In order for a Force IO besiege an Enemy
Force inside a City/ Castle the Player must order
the Force 10 Siege. A Force may not mo,e and
besiege in 1he same Game-Tum, and sieges are
resolved only in the Siege Phase.
[10.32] To la~ siege to a City/ Castle, the b~ieging
Force must s1ar1 1he Game-Tum in the hex "out-
side" the City/ Castle - e.g., a Force laying siege
10 Antioch would be in hex 1908; not in Antioch.
[10.33] A Force may 1101 remain in a hex in which
there is an Enemy-occupied City/Casile unless
that Force is ordered lo Siege. See, a lso, 7 .22.
[10.341 In order 10 start a siege and to launch a
Siege Assault, a Force must be able to Maintain a
siege. To Maintain a siege, a Force must have al
feast as many Army Strength Points besieging as
the defending Force has inside 1he City/ Ca~tle (un-
multiplied) (see Case 10.41). This l-10-l ratio muse
be maintained throughout the course of the siege.
Do not confuse the ratio for maintenance with that
necessary 10 win a Siege Assault (10.4).
(10.JS] A besieging force unable, for any reason.
10 maintain the siege, must leave the hex. If a
force is unable to do so, it loses 10% (rounded up)
of i1< Force each C.ame-Turn it cannot maintain
1he siege (plus 1he normal Siege Attrition).
[10.36( A siege 1s ordered either as a Full Siege or a
Partial Siege. In a Full Siege, the besieging Force
de, otes its entire Strength to the Siege Assaults. If
auacked by an outside Force (with or without "in-
side" help) it defends at half-strength, rounded
up. A Partial Siege means tha1 the b~ieging force
Siege Assaults at half-strength (rounded up) ahd
defends al full s1rength. A besieging Force attack-
ed solely by 1he Defenders inside the City/ Castle
defends ai full strength. regardless of the order.
[10.37] Any Force may enter an unoccupied City
without hindrance (remember Case 10.23).
[ 10.38] A City/Castle is "under siege" the instan1
an Enemy Force enters (and remains in) the hex
"outside" the City.
[ 10.4] SlEGEASSA U LT PROCEDURE
Siege Assault is an auempt to take a City/ Castle
by force (as opposed to simply starving them out).
Any time a ~iege is in force, there is an automatic
Assault each Game-Turn (unless the defender Sur-
renders). WheLher the Assault works or not
depends on the Siege Assault Ratio.
[10.41 ] To de1ermine the Siege Assault Ratio, the
P layers 1otal 1heir Army Strength Points, with the
the City/ Castle's Siege Defense Facwr. If 1he
Siege is ordered as a Partial Siege, the Attacker
halves bis total, rounded up. The Al-
tacker/ besieger compares his total to that of the
Defender/ besieged and expresses it as a simple
ratio (1-1, 4-1, etc.). The Assault Ratio has
nothing to do with the Ratio necessary to mainrain
a siege.
[ 10.42] Before an Assault takes place, 1he Besieg-
ing Player must a.s k the Defender Lo surrender. If
surrender is offered, terms are up to the P layers,
but they may not countermand specific rules.
(10.43] If the Assault Ratio is fess than 3-1 the
besieging Player aced not roll the die: the Assault
automatically fails.
[10.44( If the Assault Ratio is 3-1 or greater, the
besieger rolls one die, consulting I he Siege Assault
Table (10.6). lf he obtains an S the Assault carries
the city; otherwise. the Assault fails (see Case
21.3).
[10.45] lf the Assault succeeds, all defending Ar-
my Strength Points arc eliminated. The defend-
ing/ losing P layer then rolls one die for each
Leader present. A roll of 1-4 means the Leader has
been captured; 5-6 and the Leader is dead. Any
treasury (First Crusade) 1s captured. The vic1or
may enter the City.
[10.46] If the Assault fails, bo1h P layers must
check for Siege Allrition (10.5).
[10.47] A Force besieged in a Port may be
evacuated, resupplied, or regarrisoned by a
Friendly FleeL. lf 1he Port is under Enemy
Blockade (12.3), the relieving Fleet must fight its
way I hrough the Blockade first.
(10.48] In determining the results of an Assault, if
the City is under Naval Blockade (12.3) the
blockading Player adds one to his die roll.
R5
[10.5) SrEGEATIRITION
(10.51) Every Game-Turn in which a Siege
Assault fails to carry the City/ Castle, both sides
undergo Attrition.
[10.52] Each Player rolls one die and consults the
Siege Attrition Table (I 0. 7). The defending P layer
always uses the "City" column. while the column
for the Besieging Player depends on the Attrition
Level of the hex his force is in (see 6.41 ).
[10.53] Results on the Siege Attrition Table are
expressed as the number of Army :Strength Points
lost. (Remember. in the First Crusade such losses
may be redeemed by expending bezants at the rate
of five per Army Strength Point.)
[J0.54] If the besieging P layer obtains a result
with an asterisk(• ), the next time he rolls for Siege
Attrition during that Siege he must roll on the next
worse Allrition Level. Example: a Force besieges
Tyre and rolls a 1 for Attrition. The Force loses no
Army Strength Points, but next Game-Turn, if
there is Attrition, the P layer must use the Variable
Terrain column. This rule simulates the effect of
stnpping the countryside during a siege.
( 10.SS] The Allrition Level of a he.'1 in a siege re-
mains at its changed level (10.54) for all purposes
- including movement - until the siege is suc-
cessfully concluded or abandoned. On the Game-
Turn following either result, the hex reverts to its
original Attrition Level.
[10.6] SIEGEASSAULT TABLE
(see map)
[10.7] SI.EGE ATTRITIO TABLE
(see -iap)
[11.0] LINES OF
COMMUNICATION
GENERAL RULE:
Forces must trace Lines or Communications back
to S upply Sources in order 10 maintain normal
conditions. Each side has different Supply Sources
and different effects for being without a Line of
Communication. Essentially, Lines of Com-
munication affect Anrition and movement condi-
tions. They never affect combat or siege.
(11.1] TRACING LINES OF
COMMUNlCATIO.
(11.11] Every Force (nor Fleet) that is not inside a
City or Castle must 1race a Line of Communica-
tion to a Friendly Supply Source.
(11.12) A Line of Communication is a pa1h of
hexes of any length traced from the Force 10 the
Supply Source. A Line of Communication may
not be traced through Mountain, Blocked, Lake or
All-Sea hexsides or through Enemy Zones of ln-
nuence. The presence of a Friendly Force negates
an Enemy Zone of l nnuence for this purpose.
[11.13) For the Saracens (Third Crusade), a Sup-
ply Source is any one of the following cities:
Damascus. Cairo, Jerusalem, or Aleppo. For the
Muslims (Firsl Crusade) a Supply Source is any
F riendly City with a Treasury (see Case 19.12).
(11 . 14( For the Cruaders in both Scenarios, a Sup-
ply Source is any Friendly Port. In addition, in
The First Crusade the Crusaders may use Hex 0 IO I
(Philomelium) as a source.
[ I I.IS] The term "Friendly.. refers 10 the Player
in Conlrol (see Case 17 .3) of that City. Note the
difference between occupation (physical presence)
and control.
[ 11.16) A Crusader Line of Communication may
not be traced through more than /wo consecurive
R4
his Army Strength Point~ in that hex and the total~
are compared. Attacker's 10 Defender's, to obtain
a Combat Ratio. For example, 110 10 58 would be
I.75 10 1, reducing the ratio to the simplest odds
expressed on the Combat Results Table. All odds
are rounded off in favor of the Defender. Each
Player now consulls tht: Combat Formation Table
and throws one die 10 see which Formation will be
used. Comparing Formations produces a possible
adjustment to the Combat Ratio. leading 10 the
Final Cnmbar Ra110. The Attacker now throws
one die, consults the Combat Results Table, and
determines the results of the baule. All results are
applied immediately, and the retreating Force is
Disrupted. Neither terrain nor Lines of Com-
munication affect combat.
CASES:
(9.1) WHERE COMBAT TAKES PLACE
Combat occurs whenever opposing forces occupy
any common hex orher rhan a City/Castle mini-
hex. If opposing Forces end their movement in a
hex "hich contains a City/Cas tle mini-hex, they
are only in the same hex for combat purposes if
they were ordered 10 finish their movement in the
same location; i.e., if both are either inside or out-
side the City. For this purpose, if both were
ord ered 10 move into the City or Castle, they are
borh considered out.side the City/ Castle. (After
combat, the victor, if he so chooses, may move in-
to the City.) T he only exception to this is if one of
the Players has a Force already in such City/ Cas-
tle. In that case, the Player occupying the
City/ Castle may move into the City, leaving the
opposing Force outside.
[9.2] DETERMINING THE ROLE
OFATIACKER
The role of Attacker in any given combat is assign-
ed in one of two ways:
a. If one Force mo,es into a hex and the opposing
Force remains stationary. the moving Force is the
Allacker.
b. If borh Forces move into the hex, the Force
with the higher-rated Commander (Combat
Ra ling) is the Attad.er. If both Commanders have
1he same rating, roll a dje to determine the At-
tacker.
[9.3] COMBATFORMATlO S
(9 .31] After determining the Basic Combat Ratio
(see Procedure), each Player uses his Commander
10 determine by die roll the Formation he must use
for that battle.
[9.32] Each Player consults the Combat Forma-
tion Table for his Force (either Crusader or
Mushm/ Saracen: see Cases 24. 1 and 24.2) and
cross-references the number with the Com-
mander's Combat Rating. The result is the battle
Formation for that combat.
[9.33] Using the Formation Adjus1ment Table
(9.53) the Crusader Player no" cross-references
his Formation with that of the Muslim/ Saracen.
The result is the adjustment 10 the Basic Combat
Ratio, in rerms of the Crusader. T hus, if the
Crusader was the Defender, being attacked at 2-1,
and he received a Formauon Adjustment of + 3,
the Final Combat Ratio would be adjusted three
columns in his favor, from 2-1 to I. I.
(9.34( A Formation Adjustment resulr of No
Combat means just that: no combat occurs. In
such case, 1he Force with fewer Arm) Strength
P oints must retreat one hex, subject 10 Retreat
rules. ( Roll a die for ties; low die retreats.)
(9 .35] If both Allacking and Defcncling Com-
manders arc either Crusader or Muslim/ Saracen,
the Formation Tables are noc used. Adjustment 10
Combat Ra1io is determined by comparing the
Comba1 Ratings of the two opposing com-
manders. The difference is the adjustment as per-
1ains 10 the Attacker. (First Crusade only).
[9.4) COORDLNATED/ BESIEGER
ATTACKS
[9.41 ] A Force under siege may attack (in combat)
a besieging Force (outside the City/Castle). To do
so, the besieged Force is ordered to Move Ourside
Ciry and A((ack, thus precipilating combat. If 1he
besieged Force loses. it must retreat back inio the
City. If it wins, it may go back into the city. Note
tha1 a Force besieged inside a C ity/ Casile may
al\,ays be ordered to Move elsewhere: however,
with such an order (movement to a different hex),
the besieged Force may not move back into the Ci-
ty if it wins (a subtle difference from above).
[9.42] A Player may wam to have a Friendly
F orce auacl,. an Enemy Force that is besieging
another Friendly Force. He may also wish to coor-
dinate the attacks with both Friendly Forces (one
inside, the other outside) against the besieging
Enemy Force. In such a case, the Force inside the
City will have dffficulty in coordinating such an at-
tack. T he Friendly P layer rolls one die for the
F orce inside the City: the resultant number is the
number of "sixths" that the Force inside the
City/ Castle may use 10 attack the Enemy. Ex-
ample: 60 Crusader Army Strength Points are
besieging Acre, which has a Saracen garrison of 24
Army Strength Points. Saladin and 75 Army
Strength Poinls move into 16 19 to attack the
Crusaders. Saladin wishes to add the Acre garrison
to the a11ack . He rolls one dje and gets a 2 ; he may
use 2/6 (or 1/3) - rounded down - of his gar-
rison, or 8 Army Strength P oints, in the a ttack.
H is total Force is 83 Army Strength P oints.
[9.43] In a coordinated attack , as in Case 9.42, if
t he combined Force su f fers a retreat, the units
from the Ciry must go back inside the Ciry. The
outside Force must retreat elsewhere - but nor in-
10 the City/ Castle.
[9.5] THECOMBATTABLES
(9.5 I] F o rmation Table
(see map)
(9.52) Co mbat Res ults Table
(see map)
[9.6] EXPLANATIONS OF
COMBAT RESULTS
(9.61 ( Each die roll p roduces t\\-O combat rcsulrs.
One affect~ the Anacker; the other, tbe Defender.
[9.62] There are two types of combat results:
losses and retreats.
[9 .63) Losses a re expressed as percentages: a
result of 20 means that a Force loses 200-0 of its
total strength, rounded up. (E.g., 37 Army
Strength Points with a 20'"• loss means 8 Army
Strength P oints eliminated.) T he Crusader must
distribute his losse~ as evenly as possible among his
Leaders.
(9.64] A result with an asterisk ( * )means that the
affected Force loses a number of Army S1rength
P omts equal 10 the number rolled on one (addi-
tional) die. However, this loss can never be more
than 50/o of the total strength of that Force. Thus,
a Force of 20 Army Strength Poi ms geuing an ( * )
result and then roUing a 6 would sti.11 lose only one
Army Strength Point, "hilc a Force of 165 Army
Strength Poinls rolling a 6 would lose all six A rmy
strength Points, because 6 is lo\\er than 50,0 of 165
(or8• ).
(9.65] An r result means 1hat 1he affected Force is
Disrupted and must retreat one hex. An r2 means a
two-hex retreat; an rJ, three hexes. AU retreats are
taken immediately.
[9. 7] RETREATS AND DlSRUPTlON
[9. 71) Relreating Forces must retreat toward a
Suppl> Source ( I J. I), using the most direct rouce
possible. No Attrition is assessed for rctreah.
(9 . 72] Retreating units may n01 enter a hex that
contains an Enemy Force inside a City/ Castle or a
hex within an Enemy Force wi1h a Defend order
(see Case 7.29). Nor may a Force retreat across a
river in a rain month. If a Force cannot retreat for
any reason it loses I 00/o for each hex ii canno1
retreat. H owever, a relreating Force may stop
retreating when ii reaches a Friendly Level Two,
Three or Four City or Castle. (See 12.57).
[9.73] Forces 1ha1 have suffered a retreat are
Disrupted and must spend one full Game-Turn in
any Friendly City/Casile. Until such Force has
done so it may not Altack, besiege or voluntarily
enter an Enemy-occupied hex. 11 defends ac nor-
mal ~trength. The Disruption remains in effect un-
til the end oi the Game-T um spent in 1he Friendly
City/Castle.
[9.8] LEADERCASUALTIES
AND CAPTURE
[9.81) After combat losses ha,e been taken - bul
before conducting relreats - each Player checks
to see whether his Leaders have suffered any
casualties.
(9.82] Players consult the Leader Casualty Table
and roll two d ice for each Leader in combat, until
the stipulations of 9.83 are met.
(9 .83) A Crusader Player ma> ne,er lose more
than two Leaders per Combat, nor may a
Saracen/ Muslim ever lose more 1han one Leader
per combat. T he order of rolling for Leaders thus
becomes important, and in the First Crusade, the
Player in Command chooses the order.
(9.84] The retreating Player is the "lo,er;'" L11e
other 1s the victor.
[9 .85] Retinues of dead Crusader Leaders are also
eliminated. Retinues of Captured Crusader
Leaders remain hors de combat (in limbo) until
such Leader returns.
19.86] Captured Le-.ider~ musl be held in a
City/Castle until Ransomed. If no City/ Castle 1s
available, the Leader escapes. The terms of any
Ransom are up 10 the Players, and any Player may
Ransom any Leader. Players may even Ransom
Leaders of other Players and then resell them!
Captured Leaders are placed tn tile nearest oc-
cupied. F riendly City/ Castle. A Captured Leader
may be moved under guard (at least I Army
Strength Point plus one Leader). When Ransom-
ed, a Leader is placed in the nearest Cily or with
the nearest Force of the Ransoming P layer. Cap-
tured Leader~ may always be killed at the whim of
the Captor. (In the Third Crusade, where there is
no money, Players exchange P risoners or turn
o,er Cities/ Castles as payment for Ransom.)
(9.87] Lesder Casuall} Table
(see map)
[9.9) OVERRUNS
[9 .9JJ If any combat (not Siege) produces a Com-
bal Ratio of JO-I or greater, or I-JO or worse, the
"smaller" Force is au1oma1ically Overrun and
eliminated, at no cost 10 the victor.
(9 .92( All Leaders in a Force that has been Over-
run are Caprured. Any Treasuries (Firsl Crusade)
are 1aken intact.
(9 .93( A Force may use Overrun 10 eliminate an
opposing Force with a Defend order. If this oc-
curs, the moving Force may continue 10 mo,e a1
no ex1ra cost.

[6. 17] Friendly forces have no effect on other
Friendly Forces (however, see Case 6.32).
[6. 18) All Crusader Forces are Friendly to each
other and all Muslim Forces are Friendly LO each
other. unless specifically announced otherwise (see
Cases 24. 1 and 24.2).
(6.2) LAND MOVEMENT
RESTRICTIONS
[6 .21[ Each City or Castle (10.13) com one Move-
ment Point to enter /11 addition 10 the point for
entering the he, the city/ castle is in. Forces in a
hex"' hich contains a city or castle that are not ac-
tually inside the city/castle mini-hex are con-
sidered 10 be Outside the City. (See Case 6.32).
They are treated like any other Force in a hex.
(6 .22) A Friendly Force must stop when it enters
an Enemy Zone of Influence; it may move no fur-
ther that Game-Tum. even if ordered to do so (see
Section 7.0, Zones of lnfluenceaod Case9.93).
[6 .23) Fleets have oo effect on Movement of land
units, and vice versa.
[6.3] STACKING
[6 .311 There is no limit to the number of units of
any type that may stack in any hex other than for
Cities and Castles.
[6 .32] There is a 1Imi1 to the number of Army
Strength Points that may be within a City/ Castle.
Any units above this limit are considered Outside
the City/Castle. Thus, units over the limit in Tyre
are still in hex 1618; but 1heyareno1 intheciry(see
Terrain Key on map).
[6.4] MOVEMENT ATTRITION
'\/OT£: The Terrain Ke> on the map is incorrect.
All green hexes should be Fertile: all tan hexes
Variable: all yellm, hexe~ Barren.
Movement Alfririon is assessed according to the
size of a Force, the type of terrain, and the extent
of the Movement (or length of the lack of
movement). These facets are combined, using the
Movemem Allrition Table (6.49). Lo determine
how man} or a Force's Army Strength P oints have
been lost 10 Anrition. In the First Crusade (only)
Players may soften the effects of AtLrition by ex-
pending money (bezants). Aurition affects Land
Army Strength Points only.
[6.41 ) Each hex on Lhe game-map, aside from All-
Sea hexes. has an Allrition Value (see Anrition
Table- on game-map).
(6.42] A Force moving through a hex accumu lates
the value of the Attrition Points for that hex.
Thus, a Force moving through five Variable hexes
would accumulate JO A ttrition Points.
[6.43] Players total the Altrition Points for each
individual Force that has moved, and then refer 10
the Movement Allrition Table (6.49). Each Player
cross-references the number of Allrition Points
with the size (in Army Strength Points) of Lhe
Force. T he resultant number is the number of Ar-
my Strength Points lost to A ttrition. Example :
The Crusader has a Force of 38 Army Strength
Points that has moved through one Fertile hex,
two Barren hexes, and two Variable hexes, ac-
cumulating 11 Allrition Points. The Player cross-
references the 11 Attrition Points with his 38 Army
Strength Points, using the 31-40 column on the
Crusader Linc. The Crusader FNce has lost two
Army Strength P oints LO M ovement Attrition.
(6.44) The Movement Anrition Table has a
C rusader Army Strength Point Line and a Muslim
/ Saracen Army Strength Point Line. Players
should be careful to consult the correct Line when
determining Allrition losses.
[6.45] Losses from Allrition are subtracted im-
mediately after movement is completed. T he Mus-
lim/ Saracen Player reduces his Army Strength
Points accordingly: the Crusader Player uses his
OB Chart. The Crusader may distribute Attrition
losses as he sees fit (see 9.63).
(6.46] Weather may increase the Attrition Point
Value of each hex (see Case 13.23, Winter). Fur-
thermore, Crusader Forces that cannot trace a
Li ne of Communications (Case 11 . 1) at the end of
a Movement Phase automatically use the 19+
Line to determine Allrition, even if they have not
moved. (This supercedes the effects of Case 6.47).
[6.47] A F orce that has not moved may also suffer
A11ri1ion. Starting with the second consecutive
Game-Turn of non-movement, the Force ac-
cumulates a total of five Aurition Points times the
A ttrition Value of the hex it occupies for each con-
secutive Game-T urn of non-movement. The
points for non-movement are cumulative from
Game-Turn LO Game-Turn. This does not affect
Forces inside Cities/Castles or Besieging Forces.
(Also, remember Case 6.46.)
[6.48) In the First Crusade (only) the Crusader
P layer (only) may "supply" his Army. For every
five bezants he expends. he may retrieve one at-
trited Army Strength Point. Thus . using the exam-
ple in Case 6.43, the Crusader Player could expend
10 bezanls and nor lose the two Army Strength
Points. This applies to all Allrition except Plague.
[6 .49) Movement Attrilion Table
(sec map)
[7 .0] ZONES OF INFLUENCE
GENERAL RULE:
Occupied ci1ies and castles exert a Zone of ln-
nuence 1hat extends into the hex the City/Castle
occupies as well as imo all six adjacent hexes. In
addition, Forces of five Army Strength Points or
more ordered 10 Defend possess a Zone of In-
fluence that affects the hex they are in (only).
Zones of Innuence inhibit Enemy movement.
CASES:
[7 .1) WHICH UNITS EXERT
A ZONE OF INFLUENCE
[7.ll] Only forces (not Garrisons - Case 10.24)
exert a Zone of Influence.
(7. 12) A Force of 011y size that is inside a Level
T wo, Three, or Four City, or any Castle, e,cens a
Zone of Influence into the hex occupied by the
City/ Castle, as well as into all six adjacent hexes
(see Case 7 .14).
[7. 13) A Force of any size in a Level One City, or a
Force of five or more Army Strength Points with a
Defend Order in any other type of hex, exerts a
Zone of ln nuence into the hex the Force is in.
[7.14) A Zone of Influence does not extend
through Mountain, Blocked, Lake or All-Sea hex-
sides at any time. oor through River hexsides in
Rain mont hs.
(7 .1S] Whether a Force has a Line of Communica-
tions or not has no bearing on its ability to exert a
Zone of Influence.
[7.2) EFFECTS OF
ZONESOFI FLUENCE
[7.21) Lines of Communicat ion (Section I 1.0)
may not be traced through an Enemy Zone of In-
fluence.
[7.22) A Friendly Force must stop upon entering
an Enemy-influenced hex and may be moved no
further in rhat Game-Turn. H owever. a force be-
ing moved toward a City/ Castle with the intent of
besieging that City/Castle ignores any Zones of
Influence exerted by Forces in that City/ Castle. lt
may not ignore Zones of Influence of other
R3
Forces. Furthermore, such a moving Force must
spend at least one Game-Turn besieging the City in
question (see, also, Case 9.63).
[7 .23) A Force abandoning a siege may ignore the
Zone of Influence of the Enemy Force in the City it
is leaving.
(7 .24] If opposing Forces borh exert a Zone of In•
nuence into the same hex, both sides are influenc-
ing that hex.
[7.25] Friendly Zones of Influence have no effect
on other Friendly Forces.
(7 .26] Naval units do not have, nor are they af-
fected by, Zones of Influence.
[7.27] Players may not Retreat through an in-
fluenced hex which contains a C ity/ Castle or an
Enemy Force. Forces may retreat through in-
fluenced hexes adjacent to C ity hexes that are not
occupied by an Enemy Force.
i7.28) Normally, having more than one Zone of
Influence exerted on a hex has no additional ef-
fect. Howe,er, under the conditions outlined in
Case 7.22 they may have an additional effect.
[7.29) T he presence of a Friendly Force in a hex
negates the effect of an Enemy Zone of Influence
to the extent that the E nemy Zone of Influence
does not extend through that hex. Tbus, if two op-
posing Forces are in the same hex, both Forces
have a Zone of Influence for 1h01 hex, but never
out of it. Furthermore, a Force under Siege exerts
no Zone of Influence at all.
[8.0] LEADERS
GENERAL R ULE:
Leaders are the means b) \\hich Arm> Strength
Point~ mo,e and fight. Leaders have Ranks:
Primary (the highe~t ran k: unbroken stripe),
Secondary (one b, eal. in scripe), and Te, tia, y (two
breaks in st ripe). All Leaders have Combat
Ratings, regardless of Rank. In the First Crusade.
Leaders also have Guile Ratings (see Section 21.0).
Bishops are Leaders. Each Player must designate
which Leader in a Force is the Commander, as on-
ly Commanders may use their Combat (and Guile)
Ratings. The highest Ran king Leader in a Force is
automatically Commander, regardless of Combat
Ratings. If there is more than one "highest"
Leader the Player (or Players) must designate, in
writing, who is in Command. Army Strength
Points without a Leader may not be moved. nor
may they be given a Defend order. T hey may not
besiege or attack. but they do exen Zones of In•
fluence, and they do defend against allack or siege
(using the worst possible formation).
[9.0] COMBAT
GENERAL RULE:
Combat in The Crusades refers to pitched balllcs
between opposing Forces - as opposed 10 Sieges
(Section 10.0). Combat is mandatory whenever
two opposing Forces occupy the same hex at the
beginning of a Combat Phase. One Player is the
Auacker. the 01her the Defender; the distinction
depends either on Strategic Position or Com-
mander Rating. Land combat is done by Forina-
tion , and the end result is expressed as Retreats
and Army Strength Point losses. Leaders may also
suffer casualties. Small Forces may be Overrun.
Zones of Influence have oo effect on combat.
Retreating Forces are Disrupted.
PROCEDURE:
Players determine which of them is the A nacker
and "'hich the Defender. Each Player then totals
R2
(3.3] GAMECHARTSA DTABLES
Visual aids are provided for the Players 10 simplify
and illustrate certain game mechanics. These are
1he Turn Record Track, Movement/Attrition
Table. Co{l1bat Formation Tables, Combat
Results Tables, Siege Assauh Table, Siege Attri-
tion Table, Naval Combat Results Table,
Plague/ Muslim Reinforcemenc Table (First
Crusade), Random Events Table (First Crusade),
and the Crusader Orders of Battle. T he locations
of these charts and tables are noted in the rules.
[3.4] GAMESCALE
Each hexagon represents an area roughly fifteen
miles across. Each Crusader Strength Point is
worth about 200 men (with a ratio of 5 to I, infan-
try 10 mounted knights); Muslim Strength Points
represents slightly more manpower. Each Fleet
Point is about 25 ships (of various kinds). All
numbers are quite rough. as the ba~es for
numerical estimates for this era are crude at besl.
[3.5) THE CRUSAD ER COUNTERS
[3.51) Crusader land combat units are represented
by individual Leaders (Section 8.0).
[3.52) Each Crusader Leader has his own
''retinue," which represents his fighting Force. in
terms of Army Strength Points. The number of
Army Strength Points assigned lO a given
Crusader Leader may be found on the Crusader
Order of Battle (Section 27 .0).
[3.53] Unlike the Muslim/ Saracen Player, the
Crusader Player receives no Army Strength Point
counters. Instead. each Crusader uses his
Crusader Order of Baille Chart 10 record any
losses. Players should make copies of the Order of
Battle Charts for future use.
[3.54) Each Crusader Leader's retinue is non-
transferable, except where specifically stated
otherwise. Furthermore, once all his retinue is
eliminated, that Leader is also eliminated. A
Leader's Combat Ra ting is not his strength; this
rating is used to determine Formations, among
other things.
[3.55] The Crusader Leaders for the First Crusade
are printed on the reverse side of those for the
Third Crusade.
[3.56) The Game-map contains several Crusader
Commander Boxes. Rather than place large stacks
of units on the map, the Crusader Player simply
places all those units serving under one Com-
mander in a box and places only that Commander
counter on the map.
[3.6) MUSLIM/ SARACEN ARMIES
The Muslims (First Crusade) and Saracens (Third
Crusade) also have Leader counters. However,
unlike the Crusaders, 1hey have separate counters
10 represen1 Army Streng1h Points.
Muslim/Saracen Army Strcng1h Point counters
are Strength Points that may be used like change.
A Player with a Force of 50 Army Strength Points
losing 5 points would simply replace the "50" with
couniers representing 45 Army Strength Points.
Muslim Army Strength Point counters are non-
transferable among different Players or armies;
Players may not borrow armies. The Muslim
Leaders are pnnted on the reverse side ol the
Saracen Leaders.
[3. 71 INVENTORY OF GAME PARTS
A Complete game of The Crusaders includes:
One 22" x 32" game-map
One rules booklet
One sheet of 200 die-cut counters, printed front
and back
O ne plastic die (not included in subscription edi-
tion)
One game box assembly (not included in subscrip-
tion edition)
If any parts are missing or damaged, please write:
Customer Service
Simulations Publications , Inc.
44 East 23rd Street
New York, N. Y. 10010
Questions regarding the rules of the game will be
answered if accompanied by a stamped, self-
addressed envelope, and if phrased so that they
may be answered in one word. Send rules ques-
tions 10 the above address, marked " Rules Ques-
tions: Crusades."
[4.0] SEQUENCEOFPLAY
The Sequence of Play delineated below covers
both Scenarios for The Crusades. Phases and
Segments noted with an asterisk(•) are applicable
LO both Crusades. All Others arc for the First
Crusade only. All Players perform each Phase of
the Sequence simultaneously, and in the order
given, before proceeding 10 the nexl Phase.
THE GAME TURN
I . Diplomacy P hllSe:
A. Discussion Segment: Players discuss, secretly
or openly, any deals or arrangements they wish to
make. A nything not specifically prohibited by 1he
rules is possible.
B. • Order Segment: Players write down all orders,
bribes and anything else they want their units to
do. Reinforcements for Third Crusade enter here.
2.•Rllndo m t:venls Phase: Players determine
what Random Events if any, occur for that Game-
Turn. T he first Game-Turn has no Random
Events Phase.
3. Bribery Phase: All Bribes are announced and
completed.
4. "Movemenl Ph11Se: All Players move their units
according 10 their wri11en orders. After Move-
ment, P layers calculate and apply any losses from
Movement Allrition.
5.• combat Phase: Opposing Forces in 1he same
hex engage in combat. This includes both Land
and Naval units. Losses are taken and defeated
units are retreated.
6. •Siege Phase: Any sieges ordered are under-
taken. The besieging P layer may first ask for sur-
render. If the siege is unsuccessful, both Players
check for Siege Allrition.
7. Economics Phase: Players collect income from
ci1ies and Caravans.
[S:O] ORDERS
GENERAL RU LE:
In The Crusades, everything that has 10 be done
must be written down beforehand . The Players
have a variety of orders they may give a Leader. A
Leader may be ordered to do only one thing per
Game-Turn (unless a specific order covers two
items). Many other transactions must also be writ-
ten: Bribes, Treachery, etc. The following orders
may be given:
Move: Any Force or Fleet is ordered to move LO a
specific hex. Note the path of movement for A ttri-
tion purposes.
M ow! and Transport: For Fleets carrying Forces/
treasuries. Note Forces being carried.
M o,·e Outside City and Artack: For a besieged
Force that wishes 10 anack its besiegers.
Defend: A Force of five Army Strength Points or
more may be ordered 10 Defend. Such a Force may
no1 move (and inhibits Enemy movement).
Blockade: For Fleets, only (see Case 12.3)
Blockading Fleets may not move.
Full Siege: Enables a Force to Assault a city/
castle at full strength, while defending against
possible outside attack at half-strength (see Sec-
tion I0.0). This is an automatic Defend order.
Partial Siege: Same as Full Siege, except Forces
assault at ½-strength and defend at full strength.
A Force given no order does nothing and it does
not impede the movement of Enemy forces. Such a
Force defends if attacked. However, a Force inside
a City/ Castle needs no order to defend against a
siege; units under such conditions have an
automatic Defend order. Army Strength Points
without Leaders may not be given orders.
[6.0] MOVEMENT OF
LAND FORCES
GENERAL RULE:
[A Force is a Leader alone or any Leader plus Ar-
my S1rength Points]
During lhe Movement Phase, each Player moves
his Forces according to its plo11ed move. He may
only move those Army Strength Points attached 10
or part of a Leader; Army S1rength Point counters
may not be moved without a Leader. Leaders may
be moved in any direction, or combination of
directions, limited only by the terrain, Zones o f In-
nuence, and their Movement Point Allowances.
No Leader may exceed his Movement Point
Allowance in a given P hai.e. Unused Movement
points may no1 be accumulated or transferred, and
all movemenl is simultaneous. After movement
for each Leader is completed, the P layer totals the
Allrition Points accumulated for the hexes
traversed and takes any A1tri1ion reduc1ions.
CASES:
[6. l] HOW TO MOVE LAND FORCES
(6.11] A Player may move only his own Forces:
all some, or none may be moved.
[6.12] Movement is calculated in terms of Move-
ment Points expended. Each Crusader, Byzantine.
Cypriot, and Armenian Leader has a Movement
Point Allowance of five Points; each Muslim /
Saracen Leader has a Movemenl Point Allowance
of six. Each hex co!itS one Movement Point to
enter (Cases 20.2( I) and 20.3(9).)
[6. 13] It costs one additional Movement Point LO
cross a River hexside, and no unit may ever cross a
Mountain or Blocked hexside.
[6. 14] Each Player simply moves his units as
ordered. It is probably best that each Player move
individually, remembering that all Movemenl is,
in effect, simultaneous.
(6.15] A Muslim/ Saracen Leader may move only
those Army Strength Points attached to him at the
stan of the Game-Tum. He may leave some or all
of these behind, but no Muslim/Saracen Leader
may ever pick up addhional Army Strength Points
during Movement. Crusader Leaders always move
wit h their assigned retinue.
(6. 161 Friendly Forces (see Case 6.18) may enter
and pass through non-City/Castle hexes contain-
ing Enemy Forces without any penalty (however,
see Cases 7. 13 and 7 .22). The presence of an
Enemy Force in an non-City/Castle hex has no ef-
fect on a Friendly Force moving through that hex,
unless the Enemy Force has a Defend order. A De-
fend order produces a Zone of Influence, halts
movement. and causes Combat.