Prop

THS the use of condominia in settling territorial disputes

SQ. Even today in 2024 territorial disputes are inevitable. Boundary disputes pose an ongoing
and huge threat to international peace and security across the globe. Some of these disputes
have important historical, cultural, and strategic value. All these things a put on a verge of
extinction, the fate of the people is decided only by a conflict about a territory. So many people
are silenced so that some day the state could benefit economically. One way nations have tried
to solve them is by forming a condominium. Throughout that time this way of solving the dispute
has been put to the test many times, but not so many people know about the condominiums
today. Although they are still in use. That begs the question, are they really so great in solving
territorial disputes? We believe yes, they are.

Stance:
1. Peace(long term)
2. Better living conditions for the people
3. Stronger economy

Definitions:
Territorial disputes-a disagreement between two or more States about which State exercises
sovereignty over a certain part of territory.(this disagreement might emerge from an on going or
ended war conflict) We believe that war conflicts happen for these reasons: competition over
land, historical heritage, religion and cultural differences.
Condominium - is a political territory in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree
to share equal dominium and exercise their rights jointly.

Burden of proof:
1. How does condominium not help to solve the conflict?

SM(substantive material):
1. The use of condominiums protects the land from the burden of war
2. Condominiums improve the lands economy
3. It prioritizes the peoples’ wellness

ARGS

1st argument: likelihood of war decreases/civil conflicts?

As we mentioned, we believe that condominiums emerge from a war conflict . Condominiums
could become a great and most importantly permanent solution to many on going land conflicts.
If only the countries fighting could see the benefits of condominium and join very few that have
realized the conveniences it brings. So, how does the likelihood of war decreases and becomes
absolutely unnecessary?
● First of all war conflicts.
This can be approached from two sides:
1.When a condominium is formed the countries agree on something, they form
some type of agreement that shows the cooperation of the states. It's not in the best
interests of the countries to fight with someone who is willing to cooperate and work
together. Why would you want to lose a future possible ally? Someone that you could
trade with, maybe at even lower costs, someone that could provide with recourses you
do not posses.
2.If there wouldn’t be a condominium the countries would have to keep on
fighting till one of them gets the territory. Or they would have to split it, but that might
overlook the needs of people in the territory. Anyway the conflict will be still ongoing
causing more damage to both sides. In a world where condominiums are widely
accepted as an effective way of solving disputes there are less armed conflicts, less
victims of terrible horrors of war and suffering it causes.
● Second of all, civil conflicts.
1. People see that the sides they are both fighting for agree on something, which
is a condominium, they see that peace is possible and it's possible to live with their
differences that lead to the conflict in the first place. Because condominium is something
two sides of the dispute have to agree on. AGREEEE, that means that they have to put
their needs together to find the best possible solution for both sides, they have to
collaborate and work together towards a greater end, that shows to the citizens of the
countries their understanding of the situation, people first of all can see that they matter,
because in the dispute the ones who take up the most damage are the people, because
during the dispute their needs disregarded the most ((((If the governments agree, why
shouldn’t the people agree, because they elect the government)))))))
2.People in the theritory follow the same laws, they create a community, because
they celebrate traditional events together and most importantly they have to govern the
theritory together. We as humans are social beings, it’s necessary to communicate for us
and in time communication brings people together. No one really wants war. So by
holding up to democratic systems ,which are the most common way to govern
condominiums, encourage cooperation between the people. That means they have other
ways of solving their conflicts that naturally emerge when a bunch of different people live
together. These are debates, discussions, referendums. (Brčko District)

2nd argument:Economy
When a condominium is made both side economies are affected. Because they both inquired
legal access to the land that can provide them with extra resources and additional labor
depending on the signed treaty. We have 5 ways in which economies can benefit.
 ● import/export (custom duty, easier to cross borders): if countries share the territory
with a water border they could both use it for import and export. If they share it both get
profit and they can avoid unnecessary expenses like custom duty.
● Encourages further cooperation between the nations
If countries agreed on a condominium they had to already cooperate. After forming a
condominium they have to keep up the cooperation to govern the territory. That's how
two sides become allies. This is important because both sides can strengthen their
economy.
● Less finances wasted for war industry
Since countries have to cooperate in order to prevent the condominium from appearing
weak since appearing weak shows that the conflict is not behind them and what its just a
temporary solution and also that the countries made a mistake in using it cause if they did
make a mistake they look weaker , the mutual agreement can help the countries join
forces if needed. Since naturally a group is stronger than singularities(?)
It is important because by peacefully solving the conflict the countries can more
confidently ensure the safety of their lands by knowing that the countries involved have
their back.
Also by avoiding war between each other they avoid spending money on aforementioned war
● Save the environment!
When countries agree on condominium, there is no need to print new maps because
that territory wouldn't belong to one of the countries or be divided. Also as we mentioned
before, condominium helps to prevent wars and unnecessary conflicts leading to
countries not needing to use the resources from nature for guns or bombs that would
further pollute the environment and increase global warming.
● Tourism : because of the condominium it would be easier to travel for people and it
would encourage tourism. It would also encourage tourists to travel in order to learn
about and experience this new and unusual political phenomenon. In addition,
condominium and possibility to be in two countries at the same time attracts tourists.
This way both countries' economies would strengthen, because tourism brings a lot to
GDP(BVP).
● Investments: strengthening economy and politically unusual phenomena can be seen
as attractive by investors. And ensure further development of the country's economy.
The investors would invest for two reasons:
1. Investors a always looking to invest in to something new. Hoping they would be
lucky to make a lot of money by being first to find something worthy.
2. Stronger economy. Strong economy promises growth and for investors profit.
This would attract not only the investors who are hunting wealth by taking up
risks of new and unfound investments, but would also look attractive to investors
who are looking for a more long term decision.
3. Laws. Condominiums often have lower taxes. This for the investor means that
they gain more profit by having to pay less for the money they made.
It is important because it ensures stability of the condominium, in the condominium feel more
secure, and strengthens the economy.
3rd argument:Better for the people:
The creation of condominia requires compromise on many things, like laws. We believe that
people can benefit from the use of condominia. We have 7 ways points and mechanisms on
this:
● No need to move out : in a case where one country takes the land the people of the
other country will feel pressure to move because of the difference in culture, fear of
harassment and assault. .(for example I would run as fast as possible from my home
land if the risk of someone, whose way of ruling the country, laws and so on are not in
my best needs, becomes inevitable) We can avoid that by condominium, because we
merge people and put them in conditions that encourage unity that what they can have
their own culture they don't have to migrate. Even though it may not fully represent the
people's needs, the compromise is good at preventing life threatening conflicts from
happening. Aswell they can become more tolerant which brings us to our second point.
● Equality: Society of one religion or culture won't be discriminated or dominant
In a territory where people of different religions live together under the same or very
similar conditions, since the laws are set by the two sovereign powers jointly, they learn
to tolerate each other and see their differences. Both countries seek the best for their
own citizens, that means they have to ensure that there are no conflicts and
discrimination between the different cultures and religions. This can be achieved in 2
ways:
1. In the Territory there should be increased supervision, more police officers
patrolling the streets, higher number of police officers on call, and more alert
security guards in the markets and shops or anywhere where there is a higher
risk of people getting into conflict, where it is a higher risk of rape, harrasment or
assault to emerg. All of this may also come from an international organization like
UN since the creation of condominia.
2. In aiming to create a community in the territory. For example, celebrating events,
festivals together. Creating a space for people to create the environment they live
in, because we as humans create the atmosphere of our homes, our cities
ourselves by organizing cultural events, protesting against injustice as a
community.
● culture: it would help to safe and nourish different cultures and languages
By agreeing on condominiums between countries we save different cultures and
religions as one country does not lose its history, art or even language. That helps to
save different cultures in the world that creates its beauty and also doesn't let one
culture to become dominant. This is important if a disputes is related to the cultural and
historical heritage in the territory, because when two sides are fighting over the territory
which is important to both culturally and historically, by giving the territory to govern for
the both sides we safe the culture of both sides, because both countries are aiming to
create laws to help to reach their aim, wich in this case is to safe the cultural and
historical heritage.(in addition, we avoid total annihilation(?) of the culture, because if
there would be no condominium the land would be possessed by one side, that means
they would ensure their dominance in the region causing the distinction of other)
 ● Laws: people can choose between the law of each sovereign country(citizenship)
In some cases countries to make it more comfortable for its citizens agree on a
possibility to choose citizenship or to have both.(WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE two
citizenships, what possibilities can open up to people?) This unlocks a lot of possibilities
for the people like: easier traveling, business opportunities, political involvement, being
able to vote in both countries, more options for education, better health care and many
more.
● Science: better conditions, more territory to look at when conducting research.
we think that we all agree that science is a very important aspect in the world that helps
us solve a lot of problems and find answers to a lot of questions. For the sake of science
and the benefits for humanity about 80% of the world's countries have agreed on
condominium over Antarctica. That led to a lot of great scientific research, new
discoveries and answers to questions that bothered people all over the world.
Also in condominiums between two countries this benefit is still true, because scientists
of both sides can more easily cross borders and unlock new materials for their research.
● Travel: easier to cross borders
Since territory is not divided or owned by one of the countries it would be much easier for
citizens and political delegates of those countries to access those countries. It is
important because:
● The easier travel of political delegates, the more efficient the governing is.
● By giving citizens easier access to travel it evaluates the human right to freedom.
It would also open more traveling possibilities to people who are not yet able to
travel.
This traveling would also strengthen trust between countries. In addition the trust shown
in the loosened border control would set an example to other countries across the globe
and can lead to more trust between more countries
● Tolerance: people would learn to put their indifferences aside, spreads word
across the world that it is possible to achieve peace
If countries which (for example) have different beliefs, religion or race agree on
condominium between them that would encourage tolerance between people in that territory,
because people would have to unite and work together to nourish the place they live in and
keep the peace they achieved. Also it would help to spread the message globally about
tolerance and how it is possible to find solutions and agreements to keep peace in the world that
could lead to more countries agreeing on condominiums and avoiding unnecessary conflicts.
 Opp

SQ: Dear panel, in today's world we can see few examples of existing condominiums, which as
the proposition similarly ?? mentioned helped us prevent conflicts between countries. But let's
not forget how these condominiums caused a lot of civil wars in those territories, neglected
peoples rights and wishes, suppressed cultures, put at risk of extinction many indigenous
people. So is this system valuable and should we really be proposing to expand it even more?

Stance:
1. clear and strong position of a country(?)
2. Better living conditions for the people
3. Peace and independence

Definitions:
Territorial disputes-a disagreement between two or more States about which State exercises
sovereignty over a certain part of territory.(this disagreement might emerge from an on going or
ended war conflict) We believe that war conflicts happen for these reasons: competition over
land and resources, historical heritage, religion and cultural differences

Judging criteria:
1. Is the risk of inner conflicts worth creating the shared land?
2. Is it a good decision to have proof of the inability of solving conflicts visible to the whole
world?
3. Would the condominium do a better job of representing peoples’ stance?
4. Visu klausimu mash up: How does condominium make the counties more vulnerable?

SM:
1. The use of a condominium opens a very visible weak point
2. Condominiums show an unsolved conflict between the countries
3. The compromise that is mandatory in a condominium does not represent the true needs
and opinions of the people of the land

ARGSS:

1st argument:Weak point(achilo kulnas Achilles heel)

Territory is often governed by two powers which try to take as much benefits as possible from
the situation. Resulting in countries being greedy and looking for ways to weaken the other side
in order to get more benefits. We have 3 layers to this:
● weak borders
 Since condominiums have a higher possibility of uncertain and unsupervised border
laws. We expect that the border control would be less supervised since less border
control shows trust in the other countries and can be seen as a way of actively seeking
peace. Weak borders can also be true because countries want to make sure that their
citizens do not feel cut off from the main land of the country. Countries do not seek to
form a new country, they seek to form a shared territory. In order to achieve this borders
between countries need to be easy to cross. For the people whose main interest isn't the
wellbeing of citizens it is an extremely easy way to exploit the looseness of the borders.
It could be exploited in these ways:
1. This weak point can be abused by the black market. It is easier to get away with
the import of illegal substances and human trafficking if we are talking about
condominiums in Africa where human trafficking is a very common issue.
2. Weak borders can be used by Illegal immigrants. Immigrants want to travel from
one country to another for better conditions, either running from poverty, war or
consequences of climate change. To achieve this they need to enter another
country and to cross borders. After getting into one country, by using the weaker
borders, immigrants can travel further into desired location. For this reason, to
travel more by crossing less borders, countries can experience Immigrants afloat.
This would create a lot of additional problems, they would need to manage the
immigrants, provide humanitarian aid and so on.
● Incompetence of a leader
Forming a condominium and not getting the whole territory to yourself can be regarded
by your allies and the country's citizens as incompetence.
1. The electorate. This is common if the country historically does not accept new
ways of solving conflicts and is known for its boiling warlike temperament. In the
first place it is not very likely that a country like this would form a condominium,
but there have been examples in history when it actually happened
(Russia-Japan). Mechanism behind this is very simple: people, the electorate,
elected the government or the leader, so they can also decide that the elected
didn't meet their expectations and even worse tarnished the history and legacy of
the nation. Now the electorate can reelect the government, this way causing a lot
of problems within the country like: strikes, disputes, conflicts that to a stop in the
economy and weakens the country.
2. Allies. The perspective of allies on the country's competence also changes. If we
have in mind all the things caused by an unsatisfied electorate, it is easy to
understand that a weaker country is not the most desired ally to have, because
by forming an alliance both sides are expecting to benefit from each other, but
how can you benefit from a country which is having inner conflicts. From the
perspective of the ally there is less benefit from a country that can not provide
you benefits and is asking you to provide them. This is important because its very
difficult to function without any allies, because the economy is now based on
being able to export what you have and import what you lack. This can only be
achieved by having allies willing to accept your products and sell theirs.
 ● Sharing resources instead of owning them all for yourself (might be not in the best wish
of one side to share them with a possible aggressor so a conflict even after agreeing on
condominium is kept ongoing, because both sides are trying to take as much benefits as
possible from the site the people's need are disregarded and both sides still hold
aggression towards each other. Although condominium sounds promising, it gives hope
for the possible peace. The situation remains tense, because both countries, as
mentioned, are seeking to benefit from the theritory

2nd argument: does not bring peace, leaves unresolved conflicts and can create new ones.
● Postponed conflict
We believe that a condominium is a product of a dispute, we already defined dispute as
disagreement that is related to a war. In many cases a condominium has been formed in
order to simply postpone the conflict and not to actually solve it. Condominium is often
proposed when one side wants to satisfy others requirements, but doesnt want to lose
the power they hold over the territory. Often with an aim to later take back the territory by
force. How can you live a happy and calm life when the laws you are currently living by
are constantly changing. We are talking about the laws that concern health care and
citizens’ health, education.
● Created conflict.
Condominiums can be used to invade the land. With minimal force one country can enter
another's territory and propose a condominium. The other country, afraid of the
aggressor, agrees to form a condominium not wanting to lose the territory entirely. It's
expected that the condominium wont be recognized internationally, because the modern
world does not accept this, people realize that it has been done by force and that the
country had no right to the land, but if there is no change made, no action taken, in the
long term it might be established and the zone regarded as usual and normal,, as
something that had always been this way, or at least long enough for people not to
remember how it used to be. The conflict would be overlooked because the other would
view it as already solved.

3rd argument:Does not meet people's needs

There are people living in the territory who are heavily affected by the condominium. Territory to
regular people is home, it is a place where they grew up in and hold strong sentiments too. So
they care about how the land is governed.
● Different values, beliefs and religions
If a condominium is formed between countries that share very different beliefs or have
different perspectives over the world it could cause a lot of inside conflicts and ethical
problems as people might not respect boundaries or solutions because of personal
beliefs and adjustments that might not be preferable for them. This increases the risk of
civil wars that can escalate into international conflicts
● Laws
Since the compromise of the territory means compromising on the laws of said territory
that means it does not fully represent the citizens beliefs and values. If one country's
citizens have agreed on, for example, how much time a person is to serve in jail for 1st
degree murder and the other country’s view on that differs greatly then compromising the
time would not be able to represent either of the country’s views on the matter correctly.