Theories of Personality Chapter2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis

1. Who is the pioneer in the use of hypnosis, who alerted Freud to the possible sexual basis of
neurosis?
2. Freud was increasingly convinced that ______________ were the primary cause of all neuroses.
3. According to Freud, __________ were the basic elements of the personality, the motivating
forces that drive behavior and determine its direction.
4. Freud’s German term for this concept is ________, which is a driving force or impulse.
5. The stimuli for instincts—hunger and thirst, for example—are __________.
6. The mental representation of the physiological need—that is the instinct or driving force that
motivates the person to behave in a way that satisfies the need.
7. _________ serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy
the needs for food, water, air, and sex.
8. The psychic energy manifested by the life instincts is the _________.
9. An investment of psychic energy in an object or person..
10. The unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and aggression
11. The compulsions to destroy, conquer, and kill.
12. What are the 3 levels of personality?
13. It includes all the sensations and experiences of which we are aware at any given moment.
14. Contains the major driving power behind all behaviors and is the repository of forces we cannot
see or control.
15. This is the storehouse of all our memories, perceptions, and thoughts of which we are not
consciously aware at the moment but that we can easily summon into consciousness.
16. What are the 3 structures in the anatomy of personality?
17. The ______ operates according to the pleasure principle.
18. The ______ operates according to the reality principle
19. The ______ operates according to moral imperatives.
20. The principle by which the id functions to avoid pain and maximize pleasure.
21. Childlike thinking by which the id attempts to satisfy the instinctual drives.
22. Mature thought processes needed to deal rationally with the external world.
23. The principle by which the ego functions to provide appropriate constraints on the expression of
the id instincts.
24. A component of the superego that contains behaviors for which the child has been punished.
25. A component of the superego that contains the moral or ideal behaviors for which a person
should strive
26. To Freud, a feeling of fear and dread without an obvious cause.
27. Is a fear of tangible dangers
28. Involves a conflict between id and ego
29. involves a conflict between id and superego
30. Strategies the ego uses to defend itself against the anxiety provoked by conflicts of everyday
life.
31. A defence mechanism that involves unconscious denial of the existence of something that
causes anxiety.
32. Involves denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic event
Theories of Personality Chapter2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
33. Involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one truly driving the person
34. Involves attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else
35. Involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying the childish and
dependent behaviors characteristic of that more secure time
36. Involves reinterpreting behavior to make it more acceptable and less threatening
37. Involves shifting id impulses from a threatening or unavailable object to a substitute object that
is available.
38. Involves altering or displacing id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable
behaviors
39. To Freud, the oral, anal, phallic, and genital stages through which all children pass. In these
stages, gratification of the id instincts depends on the stimulation of corresponding areas of the
body.
40. Mouth is the primary erogenous zone; pleasure derived from sucking: id is dominant.
41. Toilet training (external reality) interferes with gratification received from defecation.
42. Incestuous fantasies; Oedipus complex; anxiety; superego development.
43. Period of sublimation of sex instinct
44. Development of sex-role identity and adult social relationships.
45. A condition in which a portion of libido remains invested in one of the psycho sexual stages
because of excessive frustration or gratification.
46. During the phallic stage (ages 4–5), the unconscious desire of a boy for his mother, accompanied
by a desire to replace or destroy his father
47. A boy’s fear during the Oedipal period that his penis will be cut off.
48. During the phallic stage (ages 4–5), the unconscious desire of a girl for her father, accompanied
by a desire to replace or destroy her mother
49. The envy the female feels toward the male because the male possesses a penis; this is
accompanied by a sense of loss because the female does not have a penis.
50. A technique in which the patient says whatever comes to mind. In other words, it is a kind of
daydreaming out loud
51. The expression of emotions that is expected to lead to the reduction of disturbing symptoms.
52. In free association, a block age or refusal to dis close painful memories
53. A detailed history of an individual that contains data from a variety of sources.
54. Perception below the threshold of conscious awareness.
Theories of Personality Chapter2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis

ANSWER KEY
1. Jean Martin Charcot 32. Denial
2. Sexual conflicts 33. Reaction formation
3. Instincts 34. Projection
4. Trieb 35. Regression
5. Internal 36. Rationalization
6. Wish 37. Displacement
7. Life instincts 38. Sublimation
8. Libido 39. Psychosexual stages of
9. Cathexis development
10. Death instincts 40. Oral
11. Aggressive drive 41. Anal
12. Conscious, Preconscious, 42. Phallic
Unconscious 43. Latency
13. Conscious 44. Genital
14. Unconscious 45. Fixation
15. Preconscious 46. Oedipus Complex
16. Id, Ego, Superego 47. Castration Anxiety
17. Id 48. Electra Complex
18. Ego 49. Penis envy
19. Superego 50. Free association
20. Pleasure Principle 51. Catharsis
21. Primary-process thought 52. Resistance
22. Secondary-process thought 53. Case study
23. Reality principle 54. Subliminal perception
24. Conscience
25. Ego-ideal
26. Anxiety
27. Reality anxiety
28. Neurotic anxiety
29. Moral anxiety
30. Defense mechanisms
31. Repression