राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान आं ध्रप्रदे श

National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh

(Under Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, New Delhi)

(ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS)
(Academic Session 2023-2024)

Course Code ME 201

Course Title THERMODYNAMICS
Lectures Tutorial Practic Credits
Course Structure s al
3 1 - 4
Dr.Santhosh Kumar Gugulothu, Assistant Professor, MED
Team of
Dr.Ganesh Katam, Assistant Professor, MED
Instructors
I. COURSE OBJECTIVES:
I. Understand the concepts of continuum, system, control volume,
thermodynamic properties, thermodynamic equilibrium, work and
heat.
II. Apply the laws of thermodynamics to analyze boilers, heat pumps,
refrigerators, heat engines, compressors and nozzles.

III. Evaluate the performance of steam power cycles

IV. Evaluate the available energy and irreversibility.
V. Ability to understand the concepts of heat transfer with
convective mode in internal and external flows involved in
engineering components and work in real time problems in
Industry.

II. Syllabus
Introduction: Overview of the course. Examination and Evaluation
patterns. Scope and applications of thermodynamics.
Fundamental Concepts and Definitions: Concept of continuum,
microscopic and macroscopic approach, system, control volume,
dimensions and units, force, weight, State, path, process, isolated
system, adiabatic system, thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic
definition of work, different forms of work, path function, Heat,
temperature and zeroth law of thermodynamics, thermometry.
First Law of Thermodynamics: First law applied to a system undergoing
a cyclic process and a change of state, concept of energy, nature of
energy, pure substance, two property rule. First law applied to a
control volume, general energy equation, steady flow energy equation
on unit mass and time basis, application of SFEE for devices such as
boiler, turbine, heat exchangers, pumps, nozzles, etc.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Limitations of the first law,
definition of a heat engine, heat pump, refrigerator, thermal
efficiency and the coefficient of performance. Kelvin-Planck and
Clausius statements of the second law, their equivalence, reversible
heat engine, Carnot theorems and corollaries. Reversible process,
irreversible process, factors responsible for making a process
irreversible. Carnot cycle, thermodynamic temperature scale.
Entropy, Clausius theorem, Clausius inequality, Principle of
increase of entropy, available and unavailable energy,
irreversibility.
Third law of thermodynamics, absolute entropy Ideal Gas and Real
Gas: Ideal gas, relation among the specific heats, internal energy,
enthalpy. Analysis of isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, isentropic,
isenthalpic processes, representation of the above processes on P-
v, T-s planes. Determination of work, heat, entropy and enthalpy
changes during the above processes, problems. Characteristic gas
equations of a real gas, virial coefficients, law of corresponding
states, compressibility factor, generalized compressibility chart,
problems Ideal Gas Mixtures: Gravimetric and volumetric analysis,
Dalton’s law, Amagat’s law, mole fraction, volume fraction,
evaluation of properties of gas mixtures, adiabatic mixing of gases
at different temperatures and pressures, non-adiabatic mixing,
mixing of gases in steady flow.
Pure Substance: Behavior of pure substance (steam) with reference to
 T-v, P-T, P-V, P-h & T-s diagrams, Triple and critical points,
properties of steam, Quality of steam, its determination using
throttling and separating-throttling calorimeters. Steam processes;
expressions for the change in internal energy, enthalpy, work, heat,
entropy in various processes, Mollier chart, Carnot cycle, Rankine
cycle, modified Rankine cycle.
Air Standard Cycles: Assumptions for air standard cycles, Analysis
of Otto, Diesel, Dual combustion, Joule/Brayton cycles
TEXT & REFERENCE BOOKS:
TEXT BOOKS
1. P. K. Nag (2008), Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India.
2. Yunus Cengel, Boles (2011), Thermodynamics - An Engineering
Approach, 7th edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. J. B. Jones, R. E. Dugan (2009), Engineering Thermodynamics, 1st
edition, Prentice Hall of India Learning, New Delhi, India.
2. Y. V. C. Rao (2009), An introduction to Thermodynamics, Revised
Edition, Universities Press, Hyderabad, India.
K. Ramakrishna (2011), Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd edition, Anuradha
Publishers, India.

DETAILED COURSE PLAN

At the end of the course, the students are able to achieve the following
Course Learning Outcomes.

Unit Lec. Topics to Blooms Teaching

S.no Session objectives
no No be covered level methodology

Student will
understand basic
L2 Chalk & talk
INTRODUCT concepts of
https://www.you
ION:Basic thermodynamics
1 L1 tube.com/watch?
Concepts: Student will be
v=EKI08Y1-uTg
System able to
L4 duration: 03:41
differentiate
basic properties
 I of a thermodynamic
system

Control Student will be

Volume, able to understand
Surroundi Control volume, L2 Chalk & talk
ng, boundaries of https://www.you
2 L2 Boundarie system. tube.com/watch?
s, Student will be v=ViqamNPAeiY
Universe, able to duration: 02:20
L4
Types of differentiate
Systems types of systems.
Student will be
Macroscop
able to understand
ic and L2
concept of Chalk & talk
Microscop
continuum https://www.you
ic
3 L3 Student will be tube.com/watch?
viewpoint
able to compare v=gD6FRreuDow
s, Concept
macroscopic and L5 duration:0440
of
microscopic view
Continuum
points
Student will be
Thermodyn
able to apply
amic
thermal L3
Equilibri Chalk & talk
equilibrium to
um, State, https://www.you
real life
4 L4 Property, tube.com/watch?
Student will be
Process, v=-7NVJ811E_0
able to estimate
Cycle, duration: 02:35
properties of L5
Reversibi
Thermodynamic
lity
systems.
Student will be
able to
Quasi differentiate
L4
static Quasi static
Process, Process and Rapid Chalk & talk
Irreversi process https://www.you
5 L5 ble Student will be tube.com/watch?
Process, able to v=j_6JxoL8qD4
Causes of Differentiate duration: 03:48
Irreversi Irreversible L3
bility Process and
reversible
process.
various Student will be Chalk & talk
flow and able to Visualize https://www.you
6 L6 L6
non-flow various flow and tube.com/watch?
process non-flow process v=0OD0mOT-dKU
 Student will be duration:04:44
able to
Calculate work L3
done in flow and
no flow process.
Student will be
Energy in
able to Analyze
State and
Energy in State L4
in
and Energy in Chalk & talk
Transitio
Transition https://www.you
n, Types,
7 L7 Student will be tube.com/watch?
Work and
able to judge v=aLT0T5z7mjE
Heat,
whether Work and duration: 03:34
Point and L5
Heat are Point
Path
and Path
function
functions.
Student will be
Zeroth Law
able to apply
of
Zeroth Law of L3 Chalk & talk
Thermodyn
Thermodynamics in https://www.you
amics,
8 L8 real life tube.com/watch?
Concept of
Student will be v=-42JmVBdlM4
quality of
able to analyze duration: 04:04
Temperatu L4
Concept of quality
re
of Temperature
Principle Student will be
s of able to
Thermomet understand L2
Chalk & talk
ry, Principles of
https://www.you
Reference Thermometry
9 L9 tube.com/watch?
Points, Student will be
v=kGxul4EW-R4
Const. able to estimate
duration: 05:20
Volume gas temperatures in L5
Thermomet different
er thermometers
Student will be
able to
differentiate L3 Chalk & talk
Scales of
Scales of https://www.you
Temperatu
10 L10 Temperature tube.com/watch?
re, Ideal
Student will be v=85y5ignSoHM
Gas Scale
able to Solve duration:04: 48
L6
problems on Ideal
Gas Scale
Joule’s Student will be
Chalk & talk
11 L11 Experimen able to understand L2
https://www.you
ts Joule’s Experiment
 Student will be tube.com/watch?
able to analyze L4 v=5yOhSIAIPRE
Joule’s Experiment duration: 04:26
Student will be
able to
understand First L2
Chalk & talk
First law law of
https://www.you
of Thermodynamics
12 L12 tube.com/watch?
Thermodyn Student will be
v=3lrakjtd1hU
amics able to apply
duration: 02:42
first law of L3
thermodynamics in
a cycle
Student will be
able to L2 Chalk & talk
PMMI,
understand PMMI https://www.you
First law
13 L13 Student will be tube.com/watch?
applied to
able to apply v=dGPnxLSgnUI
a Process L3
First law to a duration 04:28
Process
Student will be
able to Understand
L2 Chalk & talk
different flow
applied to https://www.you
systems.
14 L14 a flow tube.com/watch?
Student will be
system v=Wp4x0KmNEC8
able to apply
L3 duration: 04:35
First law to a
flow system
Student will be
able to
understand Steady L2
Flow Energy Chalk & talk
Steady
Equation https://www.you
Flow
15 L15 Student will be tube.com/watch?
Energy
able to Apply v=Njj3tno43Zs
Equation
steady flow energy duration: 04:07
L3
equation to
different
equipment’s

SESSION PLANNER/SYLLABUS COVERAGE – UNIT: II

At the end of the
session the student
LIMITATIONS will be able to give L1
OF THE real life examples Chalk & Talk
16 L16 FIRST LAW: of thermal reservoir
Thermal
At the end of the
Reservoir
session the student L2
will be able to
 Understand the
Limitations of first
law of
thermodynamics
At the end of the
session the student
Heat will be able to L3
Engine, Calculate efficiency https://www.yout
Heat pump, of heat engine ube.com/watch?v=
17 L17
Parameters At the end of the DHUwFuHuCdw
of session the student duration: 04:36
performance will be able to L4
estimate the COP of
heat pump
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L2
Second Law Understand the
https://www.yout
of second law of
ube.com/watch?v=
18 L18 Thermodynam thermodynamics
G_QylbQLSOA
ics, Kelvin At the end of the
duration: 04:29
Planck session the student
will be able to L3
Apply the second law
of thermodynamics
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
Understand the L2
second law of
Clausius thermodynamics( https://www.yout
Statements Clausius) ube.com/watch?v=
19 L19
and their At the end of the DC1agDxB2TY
Equivalence session the student duration: 01:33
will be able to
identify the L3
equivalence of
Clausius and Kelvin
statements
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L5
Analyze the
https://www.yout
Corollaries corollaries of
ube.com/watch?v=
20 L20 , PMM of second law
Y9nOV7u8Y4A
Second kind At the end of the
duration: 02:55
session the student
will be able to L5
Judge the existence
of PMM
Carnot’s At the end of the https://www.yout
21 L21 principle, session the student L1 ube.com/watch?v=
Carnot will be able to Able kJlmRT4E6R0
 cycle and to label the Carnot duration:02:37
its cycle
specialties
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L5
Judge why Carnot
cycle isn’t real
cycle
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L2
understand various
Thermodynam
temp. scales
22 L22 ic scale of Chalk & talk
At the end of the
Temperature
session the student
will be able to L6
construct
temperature scales
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L3
calculate the
efficiency of
Problems on
engines
23 L23 heat Chalk & talk
At the end of the
engines
session the student
will be able to
L3
calculate the
unknown temp of
source or sink
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L5
differentiate
Chalk & talk
reversible and
https://www.yout
Clausius irreversible cycle
24 L24 ube.com/watch?v=
Inequality At the end of the
MwU_Xm8SFYw
session the student
duration: 04:32
will be able to
L3
Apply Clausius
Inequality to
various cycles
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L2
Chalk & talk
Entropy, understand the
https://www.yout
Principle existence of Entropy
25 L25 ube.com/watch?v=
of Entropy At the end of the
gg-dlrbXxzI
Increase session the student
duration: 05:20
will be able to L4
Analyze the causes
of entropy increase
 At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L2
Understand what is
Chalk & talk
Availabilit availability and
https://www.yout
y and irreversibility
26 L26 ube.com/watch?v=
Irreversibi At the end of the
j_6JxoL8qD4
lity session the student
duration: 03:43
will be able to
L3
Calculate available
and un available
energy in system
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
Understand various L2
thermodynamic
Thermodynam potentials of a
27 L27 ic system Chalk & talk
Potentials At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L6
Develop
thermodynamic
potentials
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L2
Understand Gibbs and
Helmholtz functions Chalk & talk
Gibbs and At the end of the https://www.yout
28 L28 Helmholtz session the student ube.com/watch?v=
Functions will be able to huKBuShAa1w
Calculate duration: 06:00
L3
thermodynamic
properties using
Gibbs & Helmholtz
functions
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L2
Understand Maxwell’s
functions
Maxwell At the end of the
29 L29 Chalk & talk
Relations session the student
will be able to
Calculate L3
thermodynamic
properties using
Maxwell’s relations
Elementary At the end of the Chalk & talk
Treatment session the student https://www.yout
30 L30 L2
of the will be able to ube.com/watch?v=
Third Law Understand the 4qG5BdUkfYI
of absolute values of duration: 02:00
Thermodynam entropy at 0K Applications
ics
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L4
Analyze why entropy
is constant at 0K
SESSION PLANNER/SYLLABUS COVERAGE – UNIT: III
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L1
understand Pure Chalk & Talk
PURE
substances https://www.yo
SUBSTANCES:
At the end of the utube.com/watc
P-V-T-
31 L31 session the student h?v=hRAivhX796
surfaces,
will be able to s
T-S and h-s
Build P-V-T duration :
diagrams L3
diagrams for 03:20
homogeneous and
non-homogeneous
substances
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
Understand the L1
Chalk & Talk
Phase
Phase https://www.yo
transformations of
Transformat utube.com/watc
water
32 L32 ions, h?v=hRAivhX796
At the end of the
Mollier s
session the student
Charts duration :
will be able to
03:20
Examine the L4
thermodynamic
property values on
III Mollier charts
At the end of the
session the student
Triple will be able to
L1 Chalk & Talk
point Recall the triple
https://www.yo
atcritical point values of
utube.com/watc
state water
33 L33 h?v=hRAivhX796
properties At the end of the
s
during session the student
duration :
change of will be able to
L6 03:20
phase Solve problems on
change of phase of
water
At the end of the
session the student
Chalk & Talk
will be able to L1
https://www.yo
Dryness Understand the
utube.com/watc
Fraction. dryness fraction
34 L34 h?v=ZKVs0FvfgP
Mollier At the end of the
4
charts session the student
duration:
will be able to L6
05:43
Solve problems on
dryness fraction
Various At the end of the
Thermodynam session the student
35 L35 L1 Chalk & Talk
ic will be able to
processes Understand the
 thermodynamic
processes of pure
substances
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
Develop relations L6
for various
thermodynamic
processes for water
At the end of the Chalk & Talk
session the student https://www.yo
will be able to L1 utube.com/watc
Recall the forms of h?v=xUNoA-
energy transfer fh4JM
energy
duration:
Transfer,
36 L36 02:11
Steam At the end of the
https://www.yo
Calorimetry session the student
utube.com/watc
will be able to L4
h?v=WtIG3zWaTK
Analyze dryness
8
fraction in steam
duration:
03:25
At the end of the
session the student Chalk & Talk
L1
will be able to https://www.yo
PERFECT GAS
Understand gas laws utube.com/watc
LAWS:
37 L37 At the end of the h?v=lSHpqUYv9-
Equation of
session the student M
State
will be able to L3 duration:
Apply gas laws for 04:38
ideal gases
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to
L1
specific Recall gas
and constants for Ideal
38 L38 Universal and real gases Chalk & Talk
Gas At the end of the
constants session the student
will be able to L6
Solve problems on
mixture of gases
At the end of the
session the student
will be able to L1 Chalk & Talk
Throttling Understand the https://www.yo
Processes, Throttling process utube.com/watc
39 L39 Free At the end of the h?v=GUE1cr9NXN
Expansion session the student w
Processes will be able to duration:
L4
Compare Throttling 01:30
and Free expansion
process
 At the end of the
session the student
Deviations will be able to
L1 Chalk & Talk
from Understand the
https://www.yo
perfect Gas deviations from
utube.com/watc
Model, perfect gas model.
40 L40 h?v=MDUkyxxKA8
Vander At the end of the session k
Waals the student will be able to
duration :
Equation of Solve for the
L6 05:59
State thermodynamic property
values using Vanderwaal’s
equation

SESSION PLANNER/SYLLABUS COVERAGE – UNIT: IV

At the end of the
session the
student will be
L2
able to Understand
mole fraction of
gases
At the end of the
session the
MIXTURES OF
student will be
PERFECT L6
41 L41 able to Solve for Chalk & Talk
GASES: Mole
mole fraction of
Fraction
gaseous mixtures
At the end of the
session the
student will be
able to Analyze L4
gravimetric and
IV volumetric
analysis
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
Chalk & Talk
able to Understand
Dalton’s https://www.you
Dalton’s law
Law of tube.com/watch?
43 L43 At the end of the
partial v=RqffPYOoxd8
session the
pressure duration :
student will be
L3 04:47
able to apply
Dalton’s law for
gaseous mixtures
At the end of the Chalk & Talk
Avogadro’s
session the https://www.you
Laws of
44 L44 student will be L2 tube.com/watch?
additive
able to Understand v=rtWcVX1k0pg
volumes
Avogadro’s law duration: 02:01
 At the end of the
session the
student will be L3
able to Apply
Avogadro’s law
At the end of the
session the
student will be
able to Identify L2
difference between
mole fraction and
Mole
45 L45 mass fraction Chalk & Talk
fraction
At the end of the
session the
student will be
L6
able to Solve for
mole fraction for
gaseous mixtures
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand
Volume
volume fraction
fraction
46 L46 At the end of the Chalk & Talk
and partial
session the
pressure
student will be
L6
able to Solve for
volume fraction of
gaseous mixtures
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
Equivalent able to Understand
Gas const gas constant
and At the end of the
47 L47 Chalk & Talk
Molecular session the
Internal student will be
Energy able to Solve for L6
gas constant and
internal energy of
gaseous mixtures
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand
enthalpy
Enthalpy, At the end of the
48 L48 Chalk & Talk
sp. Heats session the
student will be
able to solve for L6
enthalpy and
specific heats for
gaseous mixtures
 At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand
Entropy of
entropy
Mixture of
49 L49 At the end of the Chalk & Talk
perfect
session the
Gases
student will be
L6
able to Solve for
entropy of gaseous
mixtures
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
Entropy of able to Understand
Vapour, Entropy of air
50 L50 Chalk & Talk
Atmospheric At the end of the
air session the
student will be L6
able to Solve for
entropy of air
SESSION PLANNER/SYLLABUS COVERAGE – UNIT: V

UNIT LECTU TOPICS TO Blooms TEACHING

S.N SESSION OBJECTIVES
NO RE NO BE COVERED Level METHODOLOGY
O

At the end of the

session the
student will be L2
able to Understand Chalk & Talk
POWER otto cycle https://www.you
51 L51 CYCLES: At the end of the tube.com/watch?
Otto cycle session the v=kQTZV77CWpY
student will be duration: 02:04
L6
able to Solve for
efficiency of Otto
cycle
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand Chalk & Talk
diesel cycle https://www.you
Diesel
52 L52 At the end of the tube.com/watch?
Cycle
session the v=yu_3ZBhpNH8
student will be duration: 02:20
L6
able to Solve for
MEP of diesel
cycle
V
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand
dual cycle
Dual
At the end of the
53 L53 Combustion Chalk & Talk
session the
cycle
student will be
able to Solve for L6
performance
parameters in dual
cycle
At the end of the
session the
Description student will be
L2 Chalk & Talk
and able to Understand
https://www.you
representat P-V and T-S
54 L54 tube.com/watch?
ion on P-V diagram for cycles
v=kQTZV77CWpY
and T-S At the end of the
duration: 02:04
diagram session the
L6
student will be
able to Create P-V
 and T-S diagram
for modified
cycles

At the end of the

session the
student will be
L2
able to Understand
Thermal the efficiency of
Efficiency cycles
55 L55 on Air At the end of the Chalk & Talk
standard session the
basis student will be
able to Predict L6
efficiency of
thermodynamic
cycle
At the end of the
session the
student will be
L2
able to Understand
Mean
the effective
Effective
pressure
Pressures
56 L56 At the end of the Chalk & Talk
on Air
session the
standard
student will be
basis
able to Solve for L6
MEP of
thermodynamic
cycle
At the end of the
session the
student will be
able to Understand L2 Chalk & Talk
the cycle in terms https://www.you
comparison of operating tube.com/watch?
57 L57
of Cycles parameters v=qMG31yfx-DQ
At the end of the duration :
session the 04:29
student will be L6
able to Compare
various cycles
At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
able to Understand Chalk & Talk
Introductio
Brayton cycle https://www.you
n to
58 L58 At the end of the tube.com/watch?
Brayton
session the v=m4kvSLlxAaI
cycle
student will be duration: 01:20
L6
able to Solve for
efficiency of
Brayton cycle
 At the end of the
session the
student will be L2
Chalk & Talk
able to Understand
https://www.you
Bell coleman cycle
Bell tube.com/watch?
59 L59 Coleman v=WUTP_GiQH2w
cycle At the end of the duration: 07:16
session the GATE related
student will be video
able to Solve for L6
Performance
parameters of Bell
coleman cycle

EVALUATION SCHEME:

(Sessional Marks: 50) (Exam marks: 50) (Total Marks:

100)

Components Date Weightage Duration

1. Mid Semester As assigned in the 30 (20%) 1.5 Hours

Theory class from time to
Examinations time

2. Assignments, As assigned in the 20 (20%) Depending

Class work, class from time to upon the
Surprise tests, time work
Tutorial

3. End Semester As assigned in the 50 (50%) 03 Hours

Theory class from time to
Examination time