JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous) PULIVENDULA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

II B.TECH I SEMESTER
THERMODYNAMICS

SYLLABUS

L T P C

3 0 0 3

Course Objectives: The objectives of the course are to make the students learn
about

 Familiarize concepts of heat, work, energy and governing rules for

conversion of one form to other.
 Explain relationships between properties of matter and basic laws of
thermodynamics.
 Teach the concept of entropy for identifying the disorder and feasibility of a
thermodynamic process.
 Introduce the concept of available energy for maximum work conversion.
 Familiarize steam properties to understand working of steam power plants.
 Provide fundamental concepts of thermodynamics cycles used in steam
power plants, IC engines and gas turbines.
UNIT – I: Introduction 10 Hrs

Basic Concepts: Macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints, definitions of

thermodynamic terms, quasi – static process, point and path function, forms of
energy, ideal gas and real gas, Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
First law of Thermodynamics: Work transfer, Heat transfer, Comparison of
Work and Heat transfers. first law of thermodynamics, First Law applied to a
process and a cycle, Energy - a property, Internal Energy and Enthalpy, PMM I.
Limitations of first law, corollaries – first law applied to non-flow and flow process-
limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, the student will be able to

 Identify thermodynamic systems, properties and their importance in L3

solving engineering problems.
 Explain energy balance for closed systems and open systems. L4
  Solve simple thermodynamics problems. L3

UNIT – II: Second Law of Thermodynamics 10 Hrs

Kelvin –Planck statement and Clausius statement and their equivalence,

corollaries –perpetual motion machines of second kind – reversibility and
irreversibility, cause of irreversibility – Carnot cycle, heat engine, heat pump and
refrigerator, Carnot theorem, Carnot efficiency.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, the student will be able to

 Apply second law of thermodynamics in design of heat engine, L3

refrigerator and heat pump.
 Explain the efficiency of thermodynamic systems. L2

 Enumerate the causes for poor performance of thermodynamic L3

systems.
UNIT – III: Entropy, Availability and Irreversibility 8 Hrs

Entropy: Clausius inequality –Concept of Entropy – entropy equation for different

processes and systems
Availability and Irreversibility: Definition of exergy and anergy, expressions for
availability and irreversibility. Availability in steady flow, non-flow processes and
irreversibility.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, the student will be able to

L3
● Apply entropy affects to estimate the performance of systems.

● Evaluate entropy changes in a wide range of processes and determine L4

the reversibility or irreversibility of a process.
L3
● Explain thermo-economics.

UNIT – IV: Properties of Steam and use of Steam Tables & Thermodynamic
relations 12Hrs
JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous) PULIVENDULA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
II B.TECH I SEMESTER
THERMODYNAMICS

Pure Substances, P-V-T surfaces, T-s and h-s diagram, Mollier chart, dryness
fraction, property tables, analysis of steam undergoing various thermodynamic
processes using Mollier chart.

Thermodynamic Relations: Maxwell relations, Tds equations, difference in heat

capacities, ratio of heat capacities, Energy equation, Joule Thompson coefficient,
Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, the student will be able to

 Apply properties of steam to design steam systems. L3

 Examine steam systems using conservation equations. L4

 Evaluate the performance of steam systems. L4

 Explain the importance of TdS equations.
 Relate specific heats, internal energy, enthalpy and Joule-Thomson L4
coefficient in standard form.
UNIT – V: Air Standard Cycles & Vapour Power Cycles
12 Hrs

Air Standard Cycles: Otto, Diesel and dual cycles, P-V and T -S diagrams -
description and efficiencies, mean effective pressures. Comparison of Otto, Diesel
and dual cycles.
Vapour Power Cycles: Vapour power cycle, simple Rankine cycle, mean temp of
heat addition thermodynamic variables effecting efficiency and output of Rankine
cycle.

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this unit, the student will be able to

● To analyze the performance of thermodynamic gas and vapour power L4

cycles.
● To apply thermodynamic principles for compression and expansion L3
processes
Text Books:

1. P.K.Nag, Engineering Thermodynamics, 5/e, Tata McGraw Hill, 2013.

2. Yunus A. Cengel, Michaela A. Boles, Thermodynamics, 7/e, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2011.
Reference Books:

1. J.B.Jones and G.A.Hawkins, Introduction to Thermodynamics, 2/e, John

Wiley & Sons, 2012.
2. Moran, Michael J. and Howard N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering
Thermodynamics, 3/e, Wiley, 2015.
3. Claus Borgnakke Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics,
7/e, Wiley, 2009.
4. R.K. Rajput., Thermal Engineering, 6/e, Laxmi publications, 2010.
E.Radhakrishnan "
Course Outcomes:

At the end of this Course the student will be able to

● Explain the importance of thermodynamic properties related to L3

conversion of heat energy into work.
● Apply the laws of thermodynamics to boilers, heat pumps, refrigerators, L3
heat engines, compressors and nozzles.
L4
● Utilize steam properties to design steam based components.
L4
● Compare thermodynamic relations and air standard cycles.
JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous) PULIVENDULA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
II B.TECH I SEMESTER
THERMODYNAMICS

LESSON PLAN
S.No UNIT TOPICS PERIODS DATE
Basic terminology about thermodynamics, microscopic
1 I 1
& macroscopic approach
2 I Closed and open systems and other imp terms 1
Quasi static process, point and path function, forms of
3 I 2
energy, real and ideal gas and derivations
4 I Zeroeth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature 1
Introduction to the first law of TD, work transfer and
5 I 2
heat transfer and their forms, comparison

6 I First law applied to a closed system, energy as a 1

function, first law applied to a process and cycle
Internal energy and enthalpy concept, PMM-I, Steady
7 I 2
flow energy equation and SFEE applications.
Numerical problems based on First law, heat and work
8 I 2
transfer, SFEE
Limitations of First law, Introduction to second law of
9 II TD, PMM-II, Carnot cycle, Carnot Engine, Kelvin- 2
Planck statement
Clausius statement and their equivalence, Corollaries of
10 II 1
second law
Heat engine, Reversed carnot cycle, Heat pump
11 II 2
derivations
12 II Refrigerator, T-s and p-V diagrams and problems on 1
 heat engine.
Problems on heat pump, refrigerator and combined with
13 II 2
two engines.
Reversibility and irreversibility concepts, cause of
14 II 1
irreversibility
Clausius inequality statement and derivation, Concept
15 III 1
of entropy
Change of Entropy Derivations in different processes
16 III 2
and systems.
17 III Numerical problems on change of entropy concept 2
18 III Availability, un availability concept, their derivations 1

19 III Available energy and UAE equations in a steady flow 2

and non flow processes.
20 III Problems based on availability and un availability 1
Introduction about pure substances, p-V and T-s
21 IV 2
diagrams explanation
P-v-T surfaces of a pure substance, Mollier diagram
22 IV concept, identify different properties using mollier chart 2
and steam tables.
Analysis of steam undergoing in thermodynamic
23 IV processes using mollier chart and steam tables and imp 2
derivations.
Numerical problems on thermodynamic processes w.r.t
24 IV 2
steam using steam tables and mollier diagram.
Maxwell relations, Tds equations , difference in heat
25 IV 2
capacities , Energy equations
Introduction to Air standard cycles, Otto, Diesel cycle
26 V 2
with derivation and p-V & T-s charts .

27 V Dual cycle, Joule cycle, Atkinson cycle, Lenoir cycle, 2

Brayton cycle
Mean effective pressure, comparison between Otto,
28 V 1
diesel, and dual cycles.
Numerical problems on Otto, diesel, dual, Brayton,
29 V 2
joule cycle.
Vapour power cycles, simple Rankine cycle, efficiency,
30 V 2
p-V, T-s and h-s diagrams
JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous) PULIVENDULA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
II B.TECH I SEMESTER
THERMODYNAMICS

Mean temperature of heat addition in Rankine cycle,

31 V thermodynamic variables effecting efficiency and output 1
of Rankine cycle.
32 V Numerical problems on Rankine cycle and modified 2
form of Rankine cycle.
Total Number of Classes 52