Ch no 14 Electric current

 Learning outcomes
 To study about the electric current definition and its formula
Real life connection

Electrical energy is used throughout the world to power

devices, appliances and methods of transportation utilized
in daily life.
Previous knowledge.

What is light?
What is the importance of electricity in our daily life?
How do all these electric appliances
work?
 Electric current
Q. Define and explain the term electric current. What is unit of electric current?
Ans. The rate of flow of electric charge through any cross sectional area is called
current.
If the charge Q is passing through any area in time t, then
current I flowing through it will be given by
I=Q /t
Unit
SI unit of current is ampere (A)
 Current in metals and liquid

 In metal current is produced by negative charges.

 In electrolyte the molecules in solution dissociate among positive and negative
ions.
 So in electrolyte current is produced due to flow of both positive and negative
charges.
 Conventional current
 Definition.
 Current flowing from positive to negative terminal of a battery due to the flow of
positive charges is called conventional current.
For example.
 when the ends of copper wire are at different temperatures,
 Heat energy flows from the end at higher temperature to the end at lower
temperature.
 The flow stops when both ends reach the same temperature.
 Water in a pipe also flows from higher level to the lower level.
Similarly, when a conductor is connected to a battery, it
pushes charges to flow current from higher potential to the
lower potential . The flow of current continues as
long as there is a potential difference.
 Question.

 If 0.5 C charge passes through a wire in 10 s, then what will be the value of current flowing
through the wire?
 Questions/Task
Task 1. Draw the circuit diagram showing the connection of battery in the
circuit.

Task 2.Current passing through the car battery is 100Amp , for 3 min.
Calculate the charge passes through it.

Task3. Construct simple series and parallel circuits using batteries, wires
Task 4 If we change the polarity of battery in the circuit, what will happen
with the circuit?
Solution